How does the POV of the two cartoons at right summarize similarities and differences between the two programs?

Transcription

1 Name: Class Period: HISTORICAL ANALYSIS Comparison The New Deal and the Great Society Historical Thinking Skill 4: Comparison (comparing AND contrasting) Historical thinking involves the ability to describe, compare, and evaluate multiple historical developments within one society, one or more developments across or between different societies, and in various chronological and geographical contexts. It also involves the ability to identify, compare, and evaluate multiple perspectives on a given historical experience. it s not just about similarities and differences its about the significance of those similarities and differences How does the POV of the two cartoons at right summarize similarities and differences between the two programs? From the Period 7 Content Outline: Key Concept 7.1: Governmental, political, and social organizations struggled to address the effects of large-scale industrialization, economic uncertainty, and related social changes such as urbanization and mass migration. III. National, state, and local reformers responded to economic upheavals, laissez-faire capitalism, and the Great Depression by transforming the U.S. into a limited welfare state. A. The liberalism of President Franklin Roosevelt s New Deal drew on earlier progressive ideas and represented a multifaceted approach to both the causes and effects of the Great Depression, using government power to provide relief to the poor, stimulate recovery, and reform the American economy. B. Radical, union, and populist movements pushed Roosevelt toward more extensive reforms, even as conservatives in Congress and the Supreme Court sought to limit the New Deal s scope. C. Although the New Deal did not completely overcome the Depression, it left a legacy of reforms and agencies that endeavored to make society and individuals more secure, and it helped foster a long-term political realignment in which many ethnic groups, African Americans, and working-class communities identified with the Democratic Party. From the Period 8 Content Outline: Key Concept 8.2: Liberalism, based on anticommunism abroad and a firm belief in the efficacy of governmental and especially federal power to achieve social goals at home, reached its apex in the mid-1960s and generated a variety of political and cultural responses. III. As many liberal principles came to dominate postwar politics and court decisions, liberalism came under attack from the left as well as from resurgent conservative movements. A. Liberalism reached its zenith with Lyndon Johnson s Great Society efforts to use federal power to end racial discrimination, eliminate poverty, and address other social issues while attacking communism abroad. B. Liberal ideals were realized in Supreme Court decisions that expanded democracy and individual freedoms, Great Society social programs and policies, and the power of the federal government, yet these unintentionally helped energize a new conservative movement that mobilized to defend traditional visions of morality and the proper role of state authority. C. Groups on the left also assailed liberals, claiming they did too little to transform the racial and economic status quo at home and pursued immoral policies abroad.

2 Direction: Compare and contrast Franklin Roosevelt s New Deal and Lyndon Johnson s Great Society by analyzing the extent to which each was successful in addressing social issues. Social Welfare Social Security Act, 1935 Aid to Dependent Children, 1939 Economic Opportunity Act, which created: Office of Economic Opportunity, Head Start, VISTA Medical Care Act, 1965 (Medicare and Medicaid) Labor Section 7 of NIRA, Wagner Act, 1935 National Labor Relations Board (set up by Wagner Act), 1935 Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938 Minimum Wage Act, 1966 Gender Equality No direct acts (but he did nominate first woman to cabinet position, Francis Perkins and First Lady Eleanor fought for women s rights) not successful in bettering American society because under NRA, there was a lower minimum wage for women, only 7% of CWA workers were female, and none in CCC. Majority of Americans (and the President) saw the Depression as crisis for bread winners (men). successful because now law bans discrimination based on gender (as well as race) LBJ more responsible for change than FDR, although women like Eleanor, Alice, and Betty did most of the work to push the issues to the forefront of government. FYI JFK also addressed this with the- Equal Pay Act, 1963 which ended gender gap in wages under FDR s Fair Labor Standards Act

3 Civil Rights Indian Reorganization Act, 1934 Black Cabinet 24 th Amendment, Voting Rights Act, 1965 For Blacks - minimally successful in bettering American society because still facing largest numbers of poverty and unemployment. Black jobs in CCC were segregated. Social Security Act and Wagner Act excluded domestic and agricultural jobs held by most Blacks. FDR refused to sign federal anti-lynching bill. The AAA helped White landowners and neglected the Black sharecroppers. However under WPA only 18% of jobs for Blacks (were only 10% of population) and the Resettlement Administration protected the rights of Black farmers. Majority of Blacks voted for FDR and remain Democratic today, so obviously he did something right for this group. FDR s Black Cabinet employed people like Mary McLeod Bethune who advised the President but he never took bold action for fear of losing Southern votes and support for other New Deal programs. For American Indians somewhat successful because forced assimilation and some extent of self (tribal) rule set up, although they were still pretty much controlled by government. Emergency Banking Act, Not a priority Banking; Money; Finance Glass-Steagall Act, National Industrial Recovery Act, Securities and Exchange Commission Banking Act, 1935 Revenue Act (wealth tax), 1935 Education & the Arts Federal Writers Project, Federal Art Project, Federal Music Project (all parts of the WPA), 1935 Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 1965 National Endowment for the Arts and Humanities, 1965 Higher Education Act, 1965

4 Environment Tennessee Valley Authority, Civilian Conservation Corps, Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, Agricultural Adjustment Act, Wilderness Preservation Act, Air and Water Quality Acts, 1965 FYI Nixon signed more acts than these two National Environmental Policy Act,Created the EPA, Clean Air Act, Marine Mammal Protection Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, Endangered Species Act Tennessee Valley Authority, Civilian Conservation Corps, Federal Emergency Relief Administration, Economic Opportunity Act, which created: Office of Economic Opportunity, Head Start, Economic Opportunity; Unemployment Civil Works Administration, Public Works Administration, Resettlement Works Progress VISTA Tax Reduction Act, Appalachian Regional and Development Act, 1965 National Youth Farm Security Administration, 1937 Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, 1938

5 Housing and Urban Development Rural Electrification Home Owners Loan Corporation, Federal Housing Act, 1934 Federal Housing Administration (created by FHA), 1934 Housing Act of 1937, 1937 Urban Mass Transportation Act, Omnibus Housing Act, Housing and Urban Development Act, 1965 Metropolitan Redevelopment and Demonstration Cities Acts, 1966 Immigration; Aliens; Citizens of Foreign Descent Repatriation of Mexican citizens, Tydings-McDuffie Act, 1934 Bracero Program, 1942 Immigration Act, 1965 Not very effective because even though in some areas, Mexican-Americans got jobs through New Deal, 500,000 Mexicans deported (60% were American citizens). After WWII began, demand for labor led to Bracero Program and many of them returned. 20% of Asian immigrants went back to Asia. Japanese-Americans got around the law preventing them from owning land by putting land in the name of the American born children. West Coast racism cut Asian workers out of many employment opportunities. Chinese-Americans worse off than the Japanese- Americans. Chinese immigrants were classified as aliens ineligible for citizenship so couldn t benefit from New Deal programs. Filipinos were from an American territory so they were not impacted by immigration quotas from 1920s and found jobs but after Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 they were once again classified as aliens and were cut off from New Deal programs. Conclusion: Were these plans more alike or more different? Was one more successful than the other? Was one more impactful (think changing role of government) than the other? On a separate sheet of paper, write a complete introduction and thesis addressing the following prompt: Compare and contrast the goals, policies, and effectiveness of the New Deal and the Great Society.