The Green and Virtual Data Center

Transcription

1 The Green and Virtual Data Center Greg (Schulz CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Croup, an informa business

2 Contents Preface About the Author Acknowledgments xiii xvii xix PART I: Green IT and the Green Gap-Real or Virtual? 1 Chapter 1 IT Data Center Economic and Ecological Sustainment 3 Chapter The Many Faces of Green Environmental and Economic The Growing Green Gap: Misdirected Messaging, Opportunities for Action IT Data Center "Green" Myths and Realties PCFE Trends, Issues, Drivers, and Related Factors Closing the Green Gap for IT Data Centers Energy Consumption and Emissions: Green Spotlight Focus EHS and Recycling: The Other Green Focus Establishing a Green PCFE Strategy Summary 27 Energy-Efficient and Ecologically Friendly Data Centers Electric Power and Cooling Challenges Electrical Power Supply and Demand Distribution Determining Your Energy Usage From Energy Avoidance to Efficiency 39 V

3 vi The Green and Virtual Data Center 2.5 Energy Efficiency Incentives, Rebates, and Alternative Energy Sources PCFE and Environmental Health and Safety Standards Summary 45 PART II: Next-Generation Virtual Data centers 47 Chapter 3 What Defines a Next-Generation and Virtual Data Center? WhyVirtualize a Data Center? Virtualization Beyond Consolidation Enabling Transparency Components of a Virtual Data Center Infrastructure Resource Management Software Tools Measurements and Management Insight Facilities and Habitats for Technology Tiered Servers and Software Tiered Storage and Storage Management Tiered Networks and I/O Virtual ization Virtual Offices, Desktops, and Workstations Summary 63 Chapter 4 IT Infrastructure Resource Management Common IRM Activities Data Security (Logical and Physical) Data Protection and Availability for Virtual Environments Time to Re-Architect and Upgrade Data Protection TechnologiesandTechniques Virtual Server Data Protection Options Virtual Machine Movement and Migration High Availability Snapshots Agent-Based and Agent-Less Data Protection Proxy-Based Backup 79

4 Contents vii Chapter Local and Remote Data Replication Archiving and Data Preservation Complete Data Protection Data Protection Management and Event Correlation Server, Storage, and Network Resource Management Search and ediscovery Rescuing Stranded or Orphaned Resources Capacity, Availability, and Performance Planning Energy Efficiency and PCFE Management Software Summary 92 Measurement, Metrics, and Management of IT Resources Data Center-Related Metrics Different Metrics for Different Audiences Measuring Performance and Active Resource Usage Measuring Capacity and Idle Resource Usage Measuring Availability, Reliability, and Serviceability Applying Various Metrics and Measurements Sources for Metrics, Benchmarks, and Simulation Tools Summary 118 PART III: Technologies for Enabling Green and Virtual Data Centers 121 Chapter 6 Highly Effective Data Center Facilities and Habitats for Technology Data Center Challenges and Issues What Makes up a Data Center Tiered Data Centers Data Center Electrical Power and Energy Management Secondary and Standby Power 134

5 viii The Green and Virtual Data Center Alternative Energy Options and DC Power Cooling, HVAC, Smoke and Fire Suppression Cooling and HVAC Physical Security Smoke and Fire Detection and Suppression Cabinets and Equipment Racks Environmental Health and Safety Management Data Center Location Virtual Data Centers Today and Tomorrow Cloud Computing, Out-Sourced, and Managed Services Data Center Tips and Actions Summary 160 Chapter 7 Servers Physical, Virtual, and Software Server Issues and Challenges Fundamentals of Physical Servers Central Processing Units Memory I/O Connectivity for Attaching Peripheral Devices Cabinets, Racks, and Power Supplies Measuring and Comparing Server Performance Types, Categories, and Tiers Of Servers Blade Servers and Blade Centers Virtual Servers Clusters and Grids Summary 201 Chapter 8 Data Storage Disk, Tape, Optical, and Memory Data Storage Trends, Challenges, and Issues Addressing PCFE Storage Issues Data Life Cycle and Access Patterns Tiered Storage Balancing Application Service with PCFE Requirements Tiered Storage System Architectures Tiered Storage Media or Devices 218

6 Contents ix Intelligent Power Management and MAID Balancing PACE to Address PCFE Issues with Tiered Storage Data and Storage Security Data Footprint Reduction Techniques and Best Practices Archiving for Compliance and General Data Retention Data Compression (Real-Time and Offline) De-duplication Hybrid Data Footprint Reduction Compression and De-duplication Countering Underutilized Storage Capacity Thin Provision, Space-Saving Clones How RAID Affect PCFE and PACE Storage Virtualization Aggregate, Emulate, Migrate Volume Mangers and Global Name Spaces Virtualization and Storage Services Comparing Storage Energy Efficiency and Effectiveness Benchmarking Summary 247 Chapter 9 Networking with Your Servers and Storage I/O and Networking Demands And Challenges Fundamentals and Components Tiered Access for Servers and Storage Local and Remote Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Local Area Networking, Storage, and Peripheral I/O Ethernet Fibre Channel: 1GFC, 2GFC, 4GFC, 8GFC, 16GFC Fibre over Ethernet (FCoE) InfiniBand (IBA) 264

7 x The Green and Virtual Data Center Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Serial ATA (SATA) TCP/IP Abstracting Distance for Virtual Data Centers Metropolitan and Wide Area Networks Wide Area File Service (WAFS) and Wide Area Application Service (WAAS) Virtual I/O and I/O Virtualization N_Port_ID Virtualization Blade Center and Server Virtual Convexity Features Converged Networks PCI-SIG IOV Convergence Enhanced Ethernet and FCoE InfiniBand IOV Virtualization and Management Tool Topics Networking Options for Virtual Environments Oversubscription: Not Just for Networks Security Cabling and Cable Management Summary 293 PART IV: Applying What You Have Learned 295 Chapter 10 Putting Together a Green and Virtual Data Center Implementing a Green and Virtual Data Center PCFE and Green Areas of Opportunity Obtain and Leverage Incentives and Rebates Best Practices and IRM Implement Metrics, Measurements Mask-or-Move Issues Consolidation Reduced Data Footprint Tiered Servers, Storage, and I/O Network Access Energy Avoidance Tactical Energy Efficiency Strategic Facilities Review and Enhancements 320

8 Contents xi Environmental Health and Safety; E-Waste; Recycle, Reuse, Reduce Summary 321 Chapter 11 Wrap-up and Closing Comments Where We Have Been Where We Are Going Emerging Technologies and Trends How We Can Get There Best Practices and Tips Chapter and Book Summary 329 Appendix A Where to Learn More 333 Appendix В Checklists and Tips 337 B.1 Facilities, Power, Cooling, Floor Space and Environmental Health and Safety 337 B.2 Variable Energy Use for Servers 337 B.3 Variable Energy Use for Storage 338 B.4 Data Footprint Impact Reduction 339 B.5 Security and Data Protection 340 B.6 How Will Virtualization Fit into Your Existing Environment? 341 B.7 Desktop, Remote Office/Branch Office (ROBO), Small/Medium Business (SMB), and Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) Users 341 B.8 Questions to Ask Vendors or Solution Providers 342 B.9 General Checklist and Tip Items 343 Glossary 345 Index 367