Distributed Database Systems. Prof. Dr. Carl-Christian Kanne
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1 Distributed Database Systems Prof. Dr. Carl-Christian Kanne 1
2 What is a Distributed Database System? A distributed database (DDB) is a collection of multiple, logically interrelated databases distributed over a computer network. A distributed database management system (D DBMS) is the software that manages the DDB and provides an access mechanism that makes this distribution transparent to the users. Distributed database system (DDBS) = DDB + D DBMS 2
3 Centralized DBMS on a Network Site 5 Site 1 Site 2 Communication Network Site 4 Site 3 3
4 Distributed DBMS Environment Site 5 Site 1 Communication Network Site 2 Site 4 Site 3 4
5 Shared-Memory Architecture P 1 P n M D 5
6 Shared-Disk Architecture P 1 P n D M 1 M n 6
7 Shared-Nothing Architecture P 1 M 1 D 1 P n M n D n 7
8 Distributed DBMS Promises Transparent management of distributed, fragmented, and replicated data Improved reliability/availability through distributed transactions Improved performance Easier and more economical system expansion 8
9 Transparency Fundamental issue: data independence in the distributed environment Network (distribution) transparency Replication transparency Fragmentation transparency 9
10 Example EMP ENO ENAME TITLE E1 J. Doe Elect. Eng. E2 M. Smith Syst. Anal. E3 A. Lee Mech. Eng. E4 J. Miller Programmer E5 B. Casey Syst. Anal. E6 L. Chu Elect. Eng. E7 R. Davis Mech. Eng. E8 J. Jones Syst. Anal. PROJ PNO PNAME BUDGET P1 Instrumentation P2 Database Develop P3 CAD/CAM P4 Maintenance ASG ENO PNO RESP E1 P1 Manager 12 E2 P1 Analyst 24 E2 P2 Analyst 6 E3 P3 Consultant 10 E3 P4 Engineer 48 E4 P2 Programmer 18 E5 P2 Manager 24 E6 P4 Manager 48 E7 P3 Engineer 36 E7 P5 Engineer 23 E8 P3 Manager 40 PAY TITLE DUR SAL Elect. Eng Syst. Anal Mech. Eng Programmer
11 Transparent Access Tokyo Paris Boston Communication Network Paris projects Paris employees Paris assignments Boston employees Boston projects Boston employees Boston assignments Montreal SELECT ENAME,SAL FROM EMP,ASG,PAY WHERE DUR > 12 New York Boston projects New York employees New York projects New York assignments AND EMP.ENO = ASG.ENO AND PAY.TITLE = EMP.TITLE Montreal projects Paris projects New York projects with budget > Montreal employees Montreal assignments 11
12 Distributed Database - User View Distributed Database 12
13 Distributed DBMS - Reality DBMS Software DBMS Software DBMS Software User Query User Application DBMS Software Communication Subsystem User Query DBMS Software User Application User Query 13
14 Potentially Improved Performance Proximity of data to its points of use Requires some support for fragmentation and replication Parallelism in execution Inter-query parallelism Intra-query parallelism 14
15 Parallelism Requirements data required by each application where it executes Full replication? How about updates? require implementation of distributed concurrency control and commit protocols 15
16 Distributed DBMS Issues Distributed Database Design how to distribute the database replicated & non-replicated database distribution Query Processing convert user transactions to data manipulation instructions optimization problem min{cost = data transmission + local processing} 16
17 Distributed DBMS Issues Concurrency Control synchronization of concurrent accesses consistency and isolation of transactions' effects deadlock management Reliability how to make the system resilient to failures atomicity and durability 17
18 Relationship Between Issues Directory Management Query Processing Distribution Design Reliability Concurrency Control Deadlock Management 18
19 Outline Distributed DBMS Architecture Distributed Database Design Distributed Query Processing Distributed Transaction Management Cloud Computing Infrastructure 19
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