Kemisan Water and Wastewater Disinfection Technologies. HypoX. HYPOCHLOROZONE Chlorine Oxygen based Disinfectant

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1 Page0 HypoX HYPOCHLOROZONE Chlorine Oxygen based Disinfectant

2 Page1 TABLE OF CONTENTS - About HypoX Gas Chlorine /Water Reactions Clorel Hypochlorite/ Water Reactions HypoX / Water Reactions Harmful byproducts due to disinfection process of the water with gas Chlorine Questions & Answers about HypoX HypoX Generators Periodic Controls Disinfection Speed Comparison of Commercial Hypochlorite/ HypoX Effectiveness Comparison of Commercial Hypochlorite / HypoX Disinfection Comparison of Commercial Hypochlorite / HypoX Residual Chlorine Comparison of Gas Chlorine / HypoX Comparison of Commercial Hypochlorite / HypoX Comparison of Gas Chlorine, Commercial Hypochlorite, Ozone/ HypoX Advantages of HypoX /Swimming pool disinfection Swimming Pools Disinfection Advantages Municipal Drinking water /HypoX Disinfection Advantages

3 Page2 - Food Industry /HypoX Disinfection Advantages Beverage Industry/ HypoX Disinfection Advantages Cooling Tower Waters/HypoX Disinfection Advantages HypoX / Chlorine Ozone Production Systems Capacity Table Model SX HypoX / Chlorine Ozone Production Systems Capacity Table Model MX HypoX / Chlorine Ozone Production Systems Capacity Table Model LX Disinfection Applications & Alternatives Chlorate formation in commercial Hypochlorite Bacterium balance Comparison of Commercial Hypochlorite / Clorel /HypoX Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus P.Aruginosa C.Albicans Comparison of Commercial hypochlorite / Clorel /HypoX using amounts for 30 min Comparison of Commercial hypochlorite / Clorel /HypoX using amounts for 5 min University Reports

4 Page3 HypoX It is produced through Electrolysis of saline water, And it contains, Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), Hypochlorite (OCl), Ozone (O3), Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2)

5 Page4 Chlorine Reactions / WATER 1- Gas chlorine dosing Gas chlorine dosing amount is determined by the need of chlorine application/m3/water and quantity of Rest Chlorine/m3/Water. Need of chlorine application in water is necessary for two main purposes: a- Ammoniac; When free chlorine is added to water, it becomes integrated with Ammoniac that is ready in ready status in the environment; then sequentially the following chemicals are formed NH4 + HOCl = NH2Cl +H2O + H+ Monochloramine, NH2Cl + HOCl = NHCl2 + H2O Dichloramine, NHCl2 + HOCl = NCl3 +H2O Trichloramine their quantities vary depending on the temperature, ph and time. b- Organic and inorganic microorganisms, Phenol, Amines, Aldehydes, and Ketones react with chlorine.

6 Page5 Clorel Hypochlorite Reactions / WATER 1- Clorel Hypochlorite Electrolysis reactions Using the salt and water at appropriate rates, net reaction of Hypochlorite acquired by electrolysis; NaCl + H2O =NaOCl + H2 Chlorine that are composed at the Anode rapidly integrated with water then Hypochlorus acid composes; Cl2 + 2H2O = HOCl + H+ + Cl- OH- that are composed at the Cathode, on the other hand, form Sodium Hypochlorite; 2H2O + 2e = H2 +2OH- HOCl-H+ + OCl- (Hypochlorite) *Kemisan-Clorel Hypochlorite production generator

7 Page6 HypoX / WATER Reactions 1- HypoX Chlor-Ozone Electrolysis reactions Using the salt and water at appropriate rates, net reaction of OCl+HOCl acquired by Electrolysis; NaCl + H2O =NaOCl + H2 Cl2 + 2H2O = HOCl + H+ + Cl- (Hypochlorus acid) 2H2O + 2e = H2 +2OH- HOCl-H+ + OCl- (Sodium Hypochlorite) Other reactions are; 2H2O O2+4H++4e (Oxygen production) 6OCl- +3H2O = 2ClO3- +6H+ +4Cl- +1,5 O2+6e (Oxygen production) ClO- +H2O +2e = Cl- + O2 (Oxygen production) *Kemisan- HypoX Oxidant production generators

8 Page7 Harmful sub-products composed in scope of Water Disinfection ClO2 Disinfectant ChlorineDioxide+H 2 O Harmful Sub-Products Chlorite (CLO 2- ) O3 Ozone+H2O Bromate (BrO 3- ) Cl2 Chlorine+H 2 O Bromate (BrO 3- ) TTHM * HaloAcetic Acid TTHM* Total Trihalomethane (ppb)

9 Page8 About HypoX Questions and Answers 1- What is the compound of HypoX? HypoX Compound is theoretically known as Hypochlorite and Ozone. Its chemical analysis in practice is carried out with FAC Active Chlorine assignment. 2- How does HypoX disinfect Drinking Water without causing Chlorine smell? HypoX disinfects drinking water using a different process. In conventional chlorination, in addition to known microorganisms, the most important reaction that causes taste and smell when binding with chlorine is that of Chlorine-Ammoniac which forms mono-, di-, tri-chloramines. HypoX, works like Ozone, does not cause taste and smell since it does not produce chloramines.

10 Page9 3- How does HypoX disinfect Drinking Water with its low TTHM* level? HypoX is fast and effective, 10 times than Chlorine, and 100 times than Hypochlorite. It works like ozone, and for that reason it is used in little quantities, that is, dosing amount is determined only with the purpose of seeing the rest amount. Low dosing leads to low TTHM* level (%30 50 lesser in comparison to gas Chlorine). 4- Is Hypox Disinfection affected by the TOC* level of drinking water? Organic acids are the ones which make the most of important contribution that increases the TOC level in drinking water, and they increases the total TTHM ratio. Reduced TOC during purification causes the TTHM ratio to decrease. With HypoX, the TTHM level is %50 lesser than the TTHM level that is observed when Chlorine is used. TTHM* Total Trihalomethane (ppb)

11 Page10 5- Does Hypox Disinfection change the alkalinity of drinking water? HypoX disinfection does not change depending on the alkalinity of drinking water. 6- Does HypoX usage have any effect on Water Purification Systems? HypoX works as ozone does, but it works even more effectively because of the other oxidants in its compound. Consequentially, it leads to low Alum and Polymer usage, decreases Turbidity, and increases water flow. 7- Does HypoX destruct microbes that gas Chlorine cannot? HypoX destructs organisms such as Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, Giardia muris cyst, Legionella pneumophila and others that are difficult to be eliminated as well as those microbes that cannot be destructed by using normal doses of Chlorine in practice. 8- What is the duration of use for HypoX? HypoX starts to be actively used after production and storing. TOC* Total Oxygen Consumption

12 Page11 9- How does HypoX CHLOR-OZONE Generators work? Water and Electricity connection is made, the salt tank is filled with salt, and production starts when energy comes. Product analysis is evaluated with FAC* Free chlorine analysis. FAC Free Chlorine amount determines other oxidants, and for that reason high level FAC Free Chlorine (7000ppm) is preferred. 10- What are the inlet water specifications of HypoX CHLOR-OZONE Generators? Normal Water connection is made, and Water Softener produces water with 1-2 FS hardness that is necessary. 11- What are the salt specifications of HypoX CHLOR-OZONE Generators? Either Vacuum Refined Salt or Good-Washed-up Raw Salt can be used. 12- What is the life of electrolysis and what is Guaranties for HypoX? Electrodes are re-activated after 5 years in normal running conditions. FAC* Free Available Chlorine

13 Page What happens if the inlet water specifications of HypoX CHLOR-OZONE Generators change? Water softener prevents impurities such as Ca and Mg to accumulate on electrodes by softening the water. Transparent plastic is used in the inside of electrolysis in order to make it possible to see whether there is any accumulation in case that the softener does not work. 14- What should be the inlet water specifications of HypoX CHLOR-OZONE Generators? Either normal using that is able to be softened or drinking water can be used. Hardness [Ca+Mg] Iron [Fe] < 10 ppm. < 1 mg/lt. ph 6-8

14 Page What should be saline water specifications for HypoX CHLOR-OZONE Generators? Salt [NaCl] > 2 %. Manganese [Fe] < 10 mg/lt. 16- How can HypoX Product Quality be measured? In practice, it is measured with FAC Active Chlorine assignment. Standard DPT* method can also be used. When the amount of Active Chlorine increases, other oxidants in the solution increase at the same ratio. * N.N diethyl-p-phenyenediamine

15 Page What is the difference between HypoX and Clorel Generators and Products? Clorel Generators are the generators that produce Sodium Hypochlorite with low ph [ph8,5]. The product is 10 times faster and more effective than Commercial Hypochlorite which contains high level ph [ph13]. HypoX Generators, on the other hand, produce not only Sodium Hypochlorite, but also Ozone and Other Oxidants, and act as Ozone. The product is 100 faster and more efficient than Commercial Hypochlorite. So, it is faster and more effective than Chlorine and Hypochlorite. 18- Is HypoX dangerous? As a product, HypoX, does not belong to the dangerous product class, and for that reason, it doesn t require any measure to be taken.

16 Page What are the areas of usage of HypoX CHLORE-OZONE Generators? HypoX Generators can be used for; - Municipal DRINKING WATER Disinfection, - Disinfection in Small, Medium, or Large SWIMMING POOLS, - VEGETABLE-FRUIT Disinfection, in Food Industry, - HOSPITALS, Cooling Tower Water Disinfection. 20- What is the Salt Filling-up Period for HypoX CHLORE-OZONE Generators? HypoX Generators salt tanks are calculated according to the total time that the Generator Works daily and salt is added on weekly basis.

17 Page What are the Guaranties for HypoX CHLORE-OZONE Generators? Electrolysis is guaranteed for 5 years in normal running conditions. The whole system is under guarantee for 2 years. 22- Which Quality Certificates does HypoX CHLORE-OZONE Generators have? HypoX Generators have ISO and CE Quality Certificates. 23- Does HypoX CHLORE-OZONE Generators require maintenance? It is sufficient if the salt tank is kept filled and the system clean.

18 Page17 HypoX CHLOR-OZONE Generators Periodic Controls Observations Day Week Month Year Salt level Water pressure Water softener Product control Connections Leakage

19 Page18 Commercial Hypochlorite / HypoX Disinfection Speed Hypochlorite Hypox Efficient and Slow Disinfection Hypochlorite disinfects slowly because of high ph*, and it takes time to destruct organisms. 100 times Faster and More Efficient** Disinfection. * Commercial Hypochlorite ph 13.0 * HypoX ph 8.5 ** HypoX is 100 more efficient than Commercial Hypochlorite, and faster depending on this.

20 Page19 Commercial Hypochlorite Disinfection Affect / HypoX Hypochlorite Hypox It cannot destruct microorganisms that are resistant to Chlorine.* By means of Chlorine and Ozone, it destructs all kind of microorganisms. It disinfects 10 times fasterefficient than Chlorine. * Cryptosporidium

21 Page20 Commercial Hypochlorite / HypoX Residual Chlorine Hypochlorite Hypox It requires high amount of dosing for Residual Chlorine. HypoX shows effect quickly, it is stable, and it disinfects with low level of dosing.

22 Page21 Chlorine Comparison / HypoX Cost Chlorine Hypox High maintenance cost during its usage. Disinfection Slow disinfection, Long contact time. Domestic production, convenient investment costs. Faster and more efficient, 10 times than Chlorine, and 100 times than Hypochlorite.

23 Page22 Chlorine Hypox Safety Potential danger of Explosion, Leakages, Toxication and danger of life during usage and storage. Water, Salt and DC Current is used. Hypox Products is not under dangerous product class. Product Pressurized chlorine gas Fresh, Efficient Oxidant Chlorine and Oxygen Compounds

24 Page23 Chlorine Hypox Smell Chlorine smell is felt. Chlorine smell is not felt even when used in high quantities. Purification Standard process. Usage of Coagulant decreases by 30-50%, Deposition speeds up, and, purificated water flow increases.

25 Page24 Chlorine Hypox Iron-Manan Iron and Manganese oxidation is slow. Iron and Manganese oxidizes quickly. Amines Tri and Dichloramines form. Tri and Dichloramines do not form. Hydrogen Sulfide With H2S, Smell and Taste Problem continues. Oxidizes without smelling.

26 Page25 Easiness of use Chlorine Hypox Periodic Chlorine Pipe Transportation, Replacement, Maintenance, Heating, Pool and cleaning operations. Corrosion, Part, valve, paint. Domestic production, Units with convenient investment cost. Automatic Production and Storing with PLC Control Dosing with Maintenance-free Ejector system

27 Page26 Commercial Hypochlorite Comparison / HypoX Cost Hypochlorite Hypox Chlorine loss, Transportation, Storage, Purchasing and usage cost Disinfection High ph (13,0 ph) Slow disinfection, Long contact time. Production cost between 1/4-1/10. Low ph (8,5 ph) Faster and more efficient, 10 times than Chlorine and 100 times than Hypochlorite.

28 Page27 Hypochlorite Hypox Safety Transportation Risks Measures need to be taken when using and storing Requires compliance with new EU transport and packaging conditions. Product High ph (13,0 ph) Slow disinfection, Long contact time. Caustic product that loses chlorine and produces chlorate. Water, Salt and DC Current is used. Production is not under dangerous product class. Fresh, Efficient Oxidant Chlorine and Oxygen Compounds.

29 Page28 Smell Hypochlorite Hypox Chlorine smell is felt especially when Ammoniac compounds form. Purification Standard process with high TTHM* efficiency. Chlorine smell is not felt even when used in high quantities. Usage of Coagulant decreases by 30-50%, Deposition speeds up, and, purificated water flow increases. TTHM* Total Trihalomethane (ppb)

30 Page29 Hypochlorite Hypox Iron- Manganese Iron and Manganese oxidation is slow. Amines Iron and Manganese oxidizes quickly. Tri and Dichloramines does not form. Hydrogen Sulphide H 2 S does not solve the Problem of Smell and Taste. Tri and Dichloramines does not form. Oxidizes without smelling.

31 Page30 Hypochlorite Hypox Easiness of use Easy Disruption and Easy Chlorine Loss especially when the temperature is high Automatic Production and Storing with PLC Control Dosing with Maintenance-free Ejector system

32 Page31 Chlorine, Hypochlorite, Commercial Ozone, / HypoX Comparison Chlorine Hypochlorite Ozone HypoX Iron, Manganese, Ammoniac, Hydrogen sulphide Oxidation Slow Slow Yes Yes TTHM (Trihalomethane) Reduction No No Yes Yes

33 Page32 Chlorine Hypochlorite Ozone HypoX Cryptosporidium Destruction No No Yes Yes Low Dosing Stable Disinfection No No Yes Yes Prevention of Bio-film formation and Cleaning No No No Yes

34 Page33 Swimming Pool / HypoX Disinfection/Advantages 1- HypoX /Exceptionally Fast and Efficient Swimming pool water disinfection is carried out for users of pools with the aim of preventing algae formation. The amount of Chlorine that is used for 1 user is 5 times more than the need of 1m3 water per day. Continuous Chlorination that is carried out with conventional methods are only able to have effect on a limited number and kind of microorganisms, and only after a significant period of contact time. Microorganisms that are carried into the pool by users are destructed depending on the time they contact with chlorine. HypoX, on the other hand, disinfects very rapidly, and its 10 times more efficient than Chlorine and 100 times more efficient than Hypochlorite. It destructs all microorganisms that cannot be destructed by Chlorine but by Ozone or Chlorine Dioxide, in a very short period of time. It Works like Ozone, but its effect is long like Chlorine. 2- HypoX /Chlorine Smell In conventional Chlorination, in addition to known microorganisms, the most important reaction that causes taste and smell when binding with chlorine is that of Chlor-Ammoniac which forms mono-, di-, tri-chloramines. HypoX, working like Ozone, does not cause taste and smell even when used in high quantities since it does not produce chloramines.

35 Page34 3- HypoX /Stable ph Commercial Sodium Hypochlorite includes caustic [10 Gr/Lt.], and it causes the ph level in the pool to increase. Since the ph level of HypoX is almost equal to the amount of used water [ph8.5], ph balancing becomes easier and ph oscillations decrease as well as Chemical substance and acid additions. 4- HypoX /Blenching of Swimming suit and Dresses HypoX makes all its disinfection effect with the help of Ozone and Chlorine-based Oxidants together with Chlorine. In this way, it prevents blenching that is seen on swimming suits. Commercial Sodium Hypochlorite, on the other hand, causes out-of-control and permanent fabric blenching because of Caustic and Chlorine. 5- HypoX /Safe Water It is necessary to destruct all harmful microorganisms quickly especially in pools of general use and in public pools. Commercial Sodium Hypochlorite and Gas Chlorine destructs some of these microorganisms easily [Fecal coliforms,viruses]. Cryptosporidium, Legionella pneumophila on the other hand, cannot be destructed by Chlorine and it can only be captured with microfiltration. However, general design of swimming pools does not include microfiltration. 6- HypoX /Clear Water Turbidity in swimming pools is a case when Commercial Sodium Hypochlorite and Gas Chlorine is used, including Calcium Hypochlorite and Cyanuric acid based dusts, and for that reason, chemicals are used for caution. When using HypoX, dosing is increased depending on the level of turbidity in the pool and crystal water is obtained in this way. It does not require to use any chemical substance additions.

36 Page35 HypoX Swimming Pool Disinfection Comparison HypoX Clorel Sodium Commercial Hypochlorite Gas Chlorine Calcium Hypochlorite Tablet Ozone ph Balance CHLORINE SMELL SWIMMING SUIT BLENCHING ECONOMIC?? SAFETY?? CRYPTO & GIARDIA? MAINTANENCE?? CORROSION REST CHLORINE Positive Negative

37 Page36 Municipal drinking water/ HypoX Disinfection Advantages 1- HypoX / Exceptionally Fast and Efficient HypoX disinfects very rapidly, and it destructs all microorganisms that cannot be destructed by Chlorine but by Ozone or Chlorine Dioxide, in a very short period of time. Unlike Chlorine and Hypochlorine, HypoX does not require long contact time. It s 100 times more efficient than Hypochlorite. It Works like Ozone, but its effect is long like Chlorine. *** Comparison of usage quantities, page HypoX /It is economic. When compared to Normal Hypochlorite dosing, HypoX can be used with times lesser doses. It is extraordinarily economic and it brings low dosing advantages. 3- HypoX /Chlorine Smell In conventional Chlorination, the most important reaction that causes taste and smell when binding with chlorine is that of Chlorine-Ammoniac which forms mono-, di-, tri-chloramines. HypoX, works like Ozone, does not cause taste and smell even when used in high quantities since it does not produce chloramines.

38 Page37 Food Industry/ HypoX Disinfection Advantages 1- HypoX / Special Applications HypoX is 100 times more effective than Commercial Hypochlorite*, Tests that have been made** show that HypoX is a safe disinfectant that does not require safety measures to be taken. It works like Ozone, but its effect lasts longer like Chlorine. Its areas of use also include Food and Beverage Industry, because HypoX disinfects very rapidly, and it destructs all microorganisms that cannot be destructed by Chlorine but by Ozone or Chlorine Dioxide, in a very short period of time. Unlike Chlorine and Hypochlorine, HypoX does not require long contact time. *Acıbadem University Maltepe-Istanbul/2010 **Acıbadem University Maltepe-Istanbul/2010 *** Comparison of usage quantities, page 43. Areas of Use; Washing up Fresh Vegetable and Fruits Washing up the Sea products Food facility and Equipment Disinfection

39 Page38 Beverage Industry/ HypoX Disinfection Advantages 1- HypoX / Natural Disinfectant HypoX is a low ph disinfectant, and it is 100 times more efficient that Commercial Hypochlorite***. It quickly disinfects Bacteria, Viruses, Fungus and Yeast. Unlike Chlorine and Hypochlorine, HypoX does not require long contact time. It is economic, and it brings efficiency. *** Comparison of usage quantities, page HypoX / Usage HypoX is natural. It can be applied in the manner of fog, wash up, or spraying either directly or with detergents on every surface like Hand, Machine or Floor. It does not require rinsing since it does not contain Caustic [NaOH]. 3- HypoX / Benefits, Advantages It eliminates Rinsing Periods. It can be used instead of conventional disinfectants. It destructs all microorganisms that cannot be destructed by Chlorine but by Ozone or Chlorine Dioxide, in a very short period of time. It prevents bio-film formation and it is effective even when used in very little quantities.

40 Page39 Cooling Tower Water/ HypoX Disinfection Advantages HypoX is 100 times more effective than Commercial Hypochlorite ten*, Tests that have been made** show that HypoX is a safe disinfectant that does not require safety measures to be taken. It works like Ozone, but its effect lasts longer like Chlorine. It eliminates the difficulty and the costs of Purchasing Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorine, its transportation, and storage. One of the most important features of HypoX is that it prevents microbiological growth in water cooling towers as well as bio-film layer on pipes, and it destructs harmful microorganisms completely. HypoX solution [Oxidation Reduction Potential] is dosed with Automatic Dosing System. *Acıbadem University Maltepe-Istanbul/2010 **Acıbadem University Maltepe-Istanbul/2010 *** Comparison of usage quantities, page 43. Benefits, Advantages Prevention of microbiological growth, Prevention of bio-film layers, Economic

41 Page40 Model HypoX HYPOCHLOROZONE Systems capacity table* Model SX ( Kg/day) HypoX Capacities / Kg / %100 Chlorine / Hour HypoX SX50 HypoX SX100 Max. production Available Cl by KG/Day Cell Number 1x1 1 x 2 Drinking water disinfection capacity m 3 /Hour [1 ppm. Max.] Max. Dosing*** ppm 1 1 Residual Chlorine measurement Max.*** ppm Max. Salt Consumption** Kg/DAY Max. Electricity Consumption** kw/hour Salt Tank Lt ** Salt and Electricity Consumptions are calculated according to 100% running conditions. *** Dosing and Residual Chlorine are calculated with maximum values.

42 Page41 HypoX HYPOCHLOROZONE Systems capacity table* Model MX ( Kg/day) HypoX Capacities / Kg / %100 Chlorine / Hour Model HypoX MX25 HypoX MX50 HypoX MX75 HypoX MX100 Max. production Available Cl by KG/Day Cell Number 1 x 3 1 x 3 1 x 3 1 x 3 Drinking water disinfection capacity m 3 /Hour [1 ppm. Max.] Max. Dosing*** ppm Residual Chlorine measurement Max.*** ppm Max. Salt Consumption** Kg/DAY Max. Electricity Consumption** kw/hour Salt Tank Lt * Systems are calculated according to 70% Running conditions and 30%Standby conditions. ** Salt and Electricity Consumptions are calculated according to 100% running conditions. *** Dosing and Residual Chlorine are calculated with maximum values.

43 Page42 HypoX HYPOCHLOROZONE Systems capacity table * Model LX ( Kg/day) HypoX Capacities / Kg / %100 Chlorine / Hour Model HypoX LX200 HypoX LX300 HypoX LX400 HypoX LX500 Max. production Available Cl by KG/Day Cell Number 1 x 2 1 x 2 1 x 3 1 x 3 Drinking water disinfection capacity m 3 /Hour [1 ppm. Max.] Max. Dosing*** ppm Residual Chlorine measurement Max.*** ppm Max. Salt Consumption** Kg/DAY Max. Electricity Consumption** kw/hour * Systems are calculated according to 70% Running conditions and 30%Standby conditions. ** Salt and Electricity Consumptions are calculated according to 100% running conditions. *** Dosing and Residual Chlorine are calculated with maximum values.

44 Page43 Disinfection Applications and /Alternatives 1- Gas Chlorine; Because of many negative effects and the sanctions such as CAA*-RMP*-USEPA* that started to be applied with the aim of preventing these negative effects, Countries of EU and USA have started to escape from gas chlorine usage for Water and Waste Disinfection. The foremost and the most important reason of this escape is TTHM** that arises in gas chlorine applications. Even if chemicals such as Ozone and Chlorine Dioxide are used for disinfection, Chlorine gas remained as a prior choice with its cheap and easy-to-apply character. 2- Commercial Sodium Hypochlorite; Sodium Hypochlorite ph 13.0, which is sold for commercial uses, contains 150 Gpl. Chlorine with 12% concentration. Fast Chlorine Loss and transportation cost are seen as the biggest disadvantages. The most important reasons of chlorine loss of Sodium Hypochlorite are; High Chlorine concentration, High Temperature, High storing time, High level of metal ions, TTHM** = Total Trihalomethane (ppb) CAA*=The implementation of the clean air; RMP*= Risk management plan; USEPA*=The Storage of Hazardous chemicals.,

45 Page44 Chlorate formation in Sodium Hypochlorite;3ClO - =2Cl - - Commercial +ClO 3 Chlorate formation in Sodium Hypochlorite and chlorine loss related to this speeds up because of high storing temperature. Sodium Chlorate after 30 days of storing time, Hypochlorite % Temperature C Chlorineloss % Chlorate ClO 3 Testing Time/Day Ozone; Ozone is a very efficient disinfectant for Water and Waste disinfection. There isn t any finding which shows that it causes TTHM* formation in drinking water. It is quite an expensive system when compared to other disinfection systems. In order to obtain good results with Ozone disinfection, ozone dosing density should be arranged conveniently, and a minimum of 5 minutes contact time should be provided. Additionally, chemically effective corrosions form on iron and some other SS stainless steel. High concentrations can be dangerous and might require measures to be taken. Use of Ozone does not eliminate the use of Chlorine or Hypochlorite. 4- Clorel Onsite Sodium Hypochlorite production ; Low ph [ph 8.5-9,0] Sodium Hypochlorite is 10 times more efficient and faster than Commercial Sodium Hypochlorite. It is ideal for drinking water disinfection. Its rest chlorine control is stable. It contains important characteristics of HypoX, however it does not contain Ozone and Oxygen based oxidants except Hypochlorite.

46 Page45 Commercial Hypochlorite / Clorel / HypoX Residual Bacteria Comparison Escherichia coli Efficiency study with (ATCC 25922)** SodiumHypochlorite* Clorel *** HypoX Ppm 5 Minutes 30 Minutes 5 Minutes 30 Minutes 5 Minutes 30 Minutes Control * Commercial Hypochlorite, 12.5 % standard Sodium Hypochlorite **Acıbadem University Maltepe-Istanbul/ Mins. 10 Times more efficient ***Kemisan-Clorel Hypochlorite production generators

47 Page46 Staphylococcus aurous Efficiency study with (ATCC 25923)** Ppm SodiumHypochlorite* Clorel *** HypoX Time 5 Minutes 30 Minutes 5 Minutes 30 Minutes 5 Minutes 30 Minutes Control * Commercial Hypochlorite, 12.5 % standard Sodium Hypochlorite ** Acıbadem University Maltepe-Istanbul/ Mins. 100 Times more efficient *** Kemisan-Clorel Hypochlorite production generators

48 Page47 P. aeruginosa Efficiency study with (ATCC 27853)** Ppm Sodium Hypochlorite* Clorel *** HypoX Time 5 Minutes 30 Minutes 5 Minutes 30 Minutes 5 Minutes 30 Minutes Control * Commercial Hypochlorite, 12.5 % standard Sodium Hypochlorite ** Acıbadem University Maltepe-Istanbul/ Mins Times more efficient *** Kemisan-Clorel Hypochlorite production generators

49 Page48 C. albicans Efficiency study with (ATCC 27853) ** Ppm SodyumHypochlorite* Clorel *** HypoX Time 5 Minutes 30 Minutes 5 Minutes 30 Minutes 5 Minutes 30 Minutes Control * Commercial Hypochlorite, 12.5 % standard Sodium Hypochlorite **Acıbadem University Maltepe-Istanbul/ Mins. 10 Times more efficient ***Kemisan-Clorel Hypochlorite production generators

50 Page49 Commercial Hypochlorite / Clorel / HypoX Quantity of Use ** Time 30 Mins. Quantity of use ppm Escherichia Coli Staphylococcus Aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Candida Albicans Sodium Hypochlorite Ppm* * Commercial Hypochlorite, 12.5 % standard Sodium Hypochlorite ** Acıbadem University Maltepe-Istanbul/ Mins Times more efficient *** Kemisan-Clorel Hypochlorite production generators Clorel Ppm*** HypoX Ppm***

51 Page50 Commercial Hypochlorite, / Clorel / HypoX Quantity of Use Comparison ** Time 5 Mins. Quantity of Use ppm Escherichia Coli Staphylococcus Aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Candida Albicans Sodium Hypochlorite Ppm* * Commercial Hypochlorite, 12.5 % standard Sodium Hypochlorite ** Acıbadem University Maltepe-Istanbul/ Mins Times more efficient *** Kemisan-Clorel Hypochlorite production generators Clorel Ppm*** HypoX Ppm**

52 Page51 Quantity of use/ HypoX Sample studies Washing and Disinfection of Rugged and Pitted surfaced fruid and vegatables ppm Egg Food Disinfection ppm Washing and Disinfection of Plain surfaced fruid and vegetables ppm Surface Washing and Disinfection ppm

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57 Page56 HypoX HYPOCHLOROZONE System and Components

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59 Page58 T.R. ACIBADEM UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY March 29, 2010 Tested Samples: The efficiency of the products submitted by Kemisan to our laboratory for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the products e.g. Commercial Hypochlorite*, Clorel and Hypox on bacteria from different groups and on a yeast was examined. Method: Efficiency tests were held in accordance with TS EN40 and in scope of these tests; Escherichia coli ATCC (gram negative fermentative basil), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC (gram positive bacterium) Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC (gram negative non-fermentative basil) and Candida albicans (yeast) were used. During the tests, the dilutions of the disinfectants between 10-1 and 10-7 were prepared, and microorganisms were added into these dilutions provided that each millilitre contains Following the waiting periods of 5 to 30 minutes at normal conditions under room temperature, the convenient neutralizing solution was added and a path at solid curd power was made. After two days of incubation at 37 C, the colonies formed by microorganisms increasing in numbers were observed. * Commercial Hypochlorite: Standard Sodium Hypochlorite

60 Page59 Results: Escherichia coli The results are seen in the attached tables. According to these results, while Clorel and commercial equivalent product destructed Escherichia coli in 1ppm dilution within 5 minutes, when waited for 30 minutes, 0,1ppm dilution of commercial equivalent product and 0,01ppm dilution of Clorel was sufficient to destruct this microorganism. This means that Clorel in comparison to the commercial equivalent product has proved the same efficiency against Escherichia coli within 30 minutes at 10 times more diluted level. It was observed that the efficiency of Hypox on Escherichia coli was higher. While it was observed that during 5 minutes of incubation, Hypox with 0,1ppm dilution destructed Escherichia coli, it was found that even a dilution of 0,0001ppm of this product was sufficient to destruct the bacteria when waited for 30 minutes more. In this test study, the dilutions at lower levels were not included. Staphylococcus aureus In the Efficiency experiment that was made on Staphylococcus aureus, while Clorel was able to destruct this organism within 5 minutes with 10ppm dilution, the commercial equivalent product had to have a dilution of 100ppm to be able to destruct this organism within 5 minutes. When waited for 30 minutes, the dilution of 0,1ppm was sufficient both for Clorel and commercial equivalent product in order to destruct this microorganism. It was observed that the efficiency of Hypox was higher on Staphylococcus aureus as well. Within 5 minutes of incubation, the dilution of Hypox of 0,1ppm was able to destruct Staphylococcus aureus, when wait for 30 minutes, even the dilution of 0,0001ppm was able to destruct this bacterium. In this study, dilutions at lower levels were not examined.

61 Page60 Pseudomonas aeruginosa In scope of the efficiency test that was made on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clorel destructed this organism within 5 minutes with 10ppm dilution; the commercial equivalent product had to have 100ppm dilution in order to be able to destruct this organism within 5 minutes. When waited for 30 minutes, it was sufficient both for Clorel and the commercial equivalent product to have 0,1ppm dilution to be able to destruct this organism. It was observed that the effect of Hypox was very high on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During 5 minutes of incubation, even Hypox of 0,0001ppm dilution was able to destruct the bacteria. In scope of this test, the dilutions at lower levels were not included. Candida albicans In the Efficiency experiment that was made on Candida albicans, Clorel and commercial equivalent product destructed this organism within 5 minutes with the dilution of 0,001ppm. When waited for 30 minutes, the level of dilution of Clorel that was able to destruct the organism decreased to 0,0001ppm while the level of dilution of the commercial equivalent product that can destruct the organism remained as 0,001ppm. It was observed that the efficiency of Hypox, on the other hand, was very high on Candida albicans as it was on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Within 5 minutes of incubation, even Hypox of 0,0001ppm dilution was able to destruct this yeast. In scope of this test, the dilutions at lower levels were not included.

62 Page61 Efficiency study with Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) Commercial Product Clorel HypoX Dilution ppm / Time Increase in numbers in 5 minutes Increase in numbers in 30 minutes Increase in numbers in 5 minutes Increase in numbers in 30 minutes Increase in numbers in 5 minutes Increase in numbers in 30 minutes , , , , Control Efficiency Study with Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) Commercial Product Clorel HypoX Dilution ppm / Time Increase in numbers in 5 minutes Increase in numbers in 30 Increase in numbers in 5 Increase in numbers in 30 Increase in numbers in 5 Increase in numbers in 30 minutes minutes minutes minutes minutes , , , , Control

63 Page62 Efficiency Study with P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) Commercial Product Clorel HypoX Dilution ppm / Time Increase in numbers in 5 minutes Increase in numbers in 30 Increase in numbers in 5 Increase in numbers in 30 Increase in numbers in 5 Increase in numbers in 30 minutes minutes minutes minutes minutes , , , , Control Efficiency Study with C. albicans Dilution ppm / Time Increase in numbers in 5 minutes Commercial Product Clorel HypoX Increase in Increase in Increase in numbers Increase in numbers numbers in 30 numbers in 5 in 30 minutes in 5 minutes minutes minutes Increase in numbers in 30 minutes , , , , Control Prof. Dr. Tanıl Kocagöz Nihal Aytekin Sinem Öktem

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65 Page64 Prepared by Ahmet Mesut Palamutcu izmir-turkey