Juan Salgado. Professeur, Département d études légales, CIDE, Mexique

Transcription

1 Juan Salgado Professeur, Département d études légales, CIDE, Mexique Professeur à la faculté d études juridiques du CIDE. Candidat au doctorat à l UNAM (thème de recherche : réforme de la police au niveau sous national au Mexique). Maîtrise en droits de l'homme de l Université d Essex, au Royaume Uni. BA en relations internationales, El Colegio de Mexico. Juan Salgado a travaillé à la coordination de projets relatifs aux droits de l homme, à la résolution non violente des conflits et à la sécurité publique au Mexique, en Europe et en Afrique. Il a été consultant auprès de divers organismes de financement et d organisations internationales. Sur le plan de l enseignement, il a enseigné dans plusieurs universités et écoles de police dans tout le Mexique. Monsieur Salgado a également participé à des séjours de recherche dans des établissements de police, des établissements d'enseignement et des ONG ayant de bonnes pratiques en matière dans le domaine de la sécurité publique et des droits de l homme en Europe, en Amérique du Nord et en Amérique latine. *** Juan Salgado Professor, Legal Studies Department, CIDE, Mexico Professor at CIDE s Legal Studies Department. PhD candidate at UNAM (research subject: police reform at subnational level in Mexico). LLM in Human Rights, University of Essex, UK. BA in International Relations, El Colegio de Mexico. Juan Salgado has coordinated human rights, non violent conflict resolution and public security projects in Mexico, Europe and Africa. He has been a consultant to different funding agents and international organizations. In the academic realm, and has taught in different universities and in several police academies throughout Mexico. Mr. Salgado has also been involved in research stays in different police institutions, academic institutions and NGOs with good practices on public security and human rights in Europe, North and Latin America. *** Juan Salgado Profesor, Departamento de Estudios Jurídicos, CIDE, México Profesor del Departamento de Estudios Jurídicos de CIDE. Doctorado en la UNAM (tema de investigación: reforma de la policía a nivel sub nacional en México). LLM en los Derechos Humanos, de la Universidad de Essex, Reino Unido. Un grado en las Relaciones Internacionales, El Colegio de México. Juan Salgado ha coordinado proyectos en México, Europa y África en derechos humanos, resolución pacifica de conflictos y seguridad pública. Ha sido un consultor para distintos organismos de financiación y organizaciones internacionales. En el ámbito académico, ha enseñado en diferentes universidades y en varias academias de policía por todo México. El Sr. Salgado también ha

2 participado en proyectos de investigación en distintas instituciones policiales, instituciones académicas y organizaciones no gubernamentales sobre las buenas prácticas en seguridad pública y los derechos humanos en Europa, Norteamérica y América Latina.

3 INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRIME Colloquium 2009: Crime Prevention from Across the World A RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH TO CRIME PREVENTION Juan Salgado Professor, Legal Studies Department Center for Research and Teaching in Economics (CIDE), Mexico December 8, 2009

4 Structure of the presentation A rights-based approach to crime prevention. Challenges for crime prevention stakeholders. Good practice in Mexican municipalities.

5 A rights-based approach (RBA) to crime prevention What is a RBA to crime prevention? The essential idea underlying the adoption of a RBA to crime prevention is that policies and institutions in this realm should be based explicitly on the norms and values set out in the international law of human rights. Underpinned by universally recognized moral values and reinforced by legal obligations, international human rights provide a compelling normative framework for the shaping of national and local crime prevention policies (rule of law). The realization of human rights empowers local communities.

6 A rights-based approach (RBA) to crime prevention

7 A rights-based approach (RBA) to crime prevention Bottom-up approach Bridge the divide between federal or central government decision-makers and local communities. Crime prevention should be considered as a key element in an overarching local development strategy. (ESCR) Rights and obligations demand accountability: unless supported by a system of accountability, they may become little more than windowdressing. (Civil and political rights).

8 A rights-based approach (RBA) to crime prevention Programmatic vs. human rights (social prevention) Crime prevention is not only a programmatic goal, it is also a strategy to protect human rights and empower local communities. Crime cannot be prevented or avoided without the realization of human rights. A decent standard of living, adequate nutrition, health care, education and decent work are not just development goals or human rights they are also crime prevention strategies.

9 A rights-based approach (RBA) to crime prevention Obligations Citizens as right-holders and states as duty-bearers The duty to respect requires the duty-bearer not to breach directly or indirectly the enjoyment of any human right. The duty to protect requires the duty-bearer to take measures that prevent third parties from abusing the right. The duty to fulfil requires the duty-bearer to adopt appropriate legislative, administrative and other measures towards the full realization of human rights.

10 Structure of the presentation A rights-based approach to crime prevention. Challenges for crime prevention stakeholders. Good practice in Mexican municipalities.

11 Challenges for crime prevention stakeholders

12 Challenges for crime prevention stakeholders 1. Systemic approach: structural reform to the security and criminal justice systems (continuum). 2. The human rights dimension of criminality: translate human rights principles and norms into crime prevention strategies. 3. Citizen security paradigm: from state-centered to antropo-centric policies. 4. Accountability: democratic police reform.

13 Structure of the presentation A rights-based approach to crime prevention. Challenges for different stakeholders. Good practice in Mexican municipalities.

14 Good practice in Mexican municipalities Case studies Mexico City Police Department. Querétaro Citizen Security Department (state). Chihuahua Police Department. Naucalpan Police Department. Cd. Nezahualcóyotl Police Department.

15 Good practice in Mexican municipalities Good practice Ownership: crime prevention policies are community-owned. Involvement of the business community. Proactive law enforcement: problem-oriented policing, community policing, intelligence-led policing.

16 Good practice in Mexican municipalities Good practice (cont.) High investment in technology, intelligent use of information resources. Trust-building processes. Comprehensive vetting schemes, supported by internal and external controls.

17 Thank you!