ICT Strategy for Recovery of Japan Toward New City Building Based on the Disaster Experience

Transcription

1 ASIA-PACIFIC TELECOMMUNITY Document: 12 th APT Policy and Regulatory Forum PRF-12/INP May, 2012 Bangkok, Thailand 18 May 2012 ICT Strategy for Recovery of Japan Toward New City Building Based on the Disaster Experience Prepared by Mr. Hiroyasu Hayashi Contact: Mr. Hiroyasu Hayashi Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan Tel: Fax: h.hayashi@soumu.go.jp

2 ICT Strategy for Recovery of Japan -Toward New City Building Based on the Disaster Experience- 23 May, 2012 Bangkok, Thailand Hiroyasu Hayashi Director for Technical Cooperation Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications JAPAN 0

3 Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on ICT Infrastructure 1

4 Impacts on Telecommunication Network Cable was cut off. Pole and duct were damaged. Switching station Circuit switch Generator fuel was exhausted. Fixed communications Base Station Base Station collapsed. Battery was exhausted. Mobile communications Congestion continued for several days on both of Fix and Mobile Network. RNC Circuit switch Switching station 2

5 Damaged ICT Infrastructures FIXED NETWORKS Lines out of service (because the nodes were out of service) NTT Onagawa Bldg (Source : NTT East) NTT Kamaishi Station (Source : Kamaishi City) MOBILE NETWORKS Base Stations Damaged NTT DoCoMo transmission facilities in Iwate (Source : NTT docomo) Softbank mobile-phone tower (Source : IP network facilities Committee) 3

6 Damage to ICT Infrastructure by the Earthquake Fixed communications Mobile communications Congestion Communication restriction control : 80-90%(max) <Percentage of max restriction control> Damage (x10000 lines) (%) NTT East (subscribed telephone) 90% 90% A total of 1.9 mil lines were damaged. Each carrier restored all of the lines except the area around the nuclear plant. <Max number of damaged lines> 51.3 NTT East (FTTH) 14.1 KDDI (subscribed telephone) 24.9 KDDI (FTTH /ADSL) 80% NTT East KDDI SoftBank 3.1 Softbank Congestion Voice communication restriction control : 70-95%(max) Data communication was not restricted as much as voice. <Percentage of max restriction control> (%) Damage A total of 29 thousand BSs stopped working. Each carrier restored all of the BSs except in the area around the nuclear plant. (Stations) ~ , % NTT docomo (Voice) NTT docomo 30% NTT docomo (Data) 95% au (Voice) <Max number of stopped BSs> 0% au (Data) 3,680 3,786 70% SoftBank (Voice) 704 0% SoftBank (Data) 13,760 4 au SoftBank EMOBILE WILLCOM

7 Cause of Telecom Service Interruption Facilities were destroyed by the earthquake and/or the tsunami. The commercial electricity shortage lasted a long time and batteries were drained. Fixed communications 3% 4% Mobile communications 0.1% 2.8% 13% 11.9% 80% Collaspe/Washout Flood Cut cable Blackout 85.2% Earthquake Tsunami Cut cable Blackout 5

8 3/11 3/11 3/12 3/12 3/12 3/12 3/12 3/12 3/13 3/13 3/14 3/14 3/14 3/15 3/15 3/16 3/16 3/17 3/17 3/18 3/18 3/19 3/20 3/21 3/22 3/23 3/24 3/25 3/27 3/28 3/29 3/30 3/31 4/1 4/4 4/5 4/6 4/7 4/8 4/9 4/10 4/11 4/11 4/12 4/13 4/14 4/15 4/18 4/18 4/19 4/20 4/21 4/22 4/24 4/25 4/26 4/27 4/28 5/2 5/6 Number of Affected Fixed-telephone lines Number of affected fixed -lines 1,200,000 1,000, ,000 Main Earthquake On 11 March 2011 at 14:46 JST magnitude 9.0 Damage (peak on 13 March) NTT East : about 1 million lines KDDI : about 0.14 million lines SoftBank : about 0.03 million Lines Number of blacked out houses (x10,000 houses) 500 The biggest aftershock (causing a large scale blackout) On Apr 7, at 23:32 JST Damage (peak on 8 April) NTT East : about 50 thousand lines KDDI : about 17 thousand lines SoftBank : about 1 thousand Lines , , , NTT East KDDI Softbank Number of blacked out houses 6

9 3/11 3/11 3/12 3/12 3/12 3/12 3/12 3/12 3/13 3/13 3/14 3/14 3/14 3/15 3/15 3/16 3/16 3/17 3/17 3/18 3/18 3/19 3/20 3/21 3/22 3/23 3/24 3/25 3/27 3/28 3/29 3/30 3/31 4/1 4/4 4/5 4/6 4/7 4/8 4/9 4/10 4/11 4/11 4/12 4/13 4/14 4/15 4/18 4/18 4/19 4/20 4/21 4/22 4/24 4/25 4/26 4/27 4/28 5/2 5/6 Number of Stopped Base Stations Number of stopped BSs 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 Main Earthquake On 11 March 2011 at 14:46 JST magnitude 9.0 Damage (peak on 12 March) NTT docomo : about 6700 BSs KDDI : about 3700 BSs SoftBank : about 3800 BSs EMOBILE : about 700 BSs Number of blacked out houses (x10,000 houses) 500 The biggest aftershock (causing a large scale blackout) On Apr 7, at 23:32 JST Damage of this aftershock NTT docomo : about 1,200 BSs KDDI(au) : about 500 BSs SoftBank : about 2,200 BSs EMOBILE : about 200 BSs , , , NTT Docomo KDDI(au) Softbank Emobile Number of blacked out houses in Tohoku 7

10 Geographical Image of the Earthquake Impact and Restoration Iwate Miyagi Fukushima NTT East & NTT Docomo As of 13 March As of 11 April (1 month after) Affected area Fixed-line Mobile 8

11 Framework to Maintain Communication Services 9

12 Obligation of Telecommunications Carriers Securing of Essential Communications during emergency situation Under a emergency situation, telecommunications carrier shall give priority to communications on matters necessary for disaster prevention or relief etc.. - emergency call to police station(110), fire department(119) and Coast Guard(118) - central government, local government, utility company(electricity, gas, water, newspaper, broadcasting etc.) - call from payphone (public telephone) In emergency cases, a telecommunications carrier may suspend part of its telecommunications activities, or restrict other communications to ensure essential communications. Compliance with Technical standards about Telecommunications Facilities Telecommunications carrier shall maintain its telecommunications facilities in conformity with the technical standards. - Backup equipment, back up circuits (loop) - Back-up battery or generator - Disaster countermeasure (earthquake, fire, flood, strong wind) - countermeasures against virus, congestion, facility failure, 10

13 Disaster Priority Telephone -Images- Communication restriction: Calls to the affected area TS TS Communication restriction: Calls in the affected area TS Pass Pass Restric tion Restric tion LS LS LS Pass Restriction Pass Restriction Disaster priority Normal telephone telephone Public telephone Emergency call s from normal telephone Affected area Disaster priority Normal telephone telephone Public telephone Emergency call s from normal telephone Affected area 11

14 Safety Confirmation Services Telecommunications Carriers developed and deployed 3 safety confirmation services to provide users effective communication tools under network congestion. - Disaster Message Dial 171(record and play from fixed/mobile phones) - Disaster Broadband Message Board (web 171, access from PC/mobiles) - Disaster Message Board for Mobile (record from mobiles, play from mobiles/pc, and message is delivered to pre-registered address) Safety confirmation services support safety confirmations between the people inside/outside the stricken area by recording/playing back voice/text messages, etc. Stricken area Record Play back Play back Record Other areas Message center (voice, text, etc.) 12

15 Safety Confirmation Services Fixed/mobile carriers discuss to realize searching across safety confirmation services (Disaster Emergency Message, Disaster Message Board, Disaster Broadband Message Board). Leave a message Disaster Message Dial 171 Leave a voice message Disaster Broadband Message Board web171 Evacuation center Other than evacuation center Write a message via the WEB We can send -Text -Audio file -Image file Leave : 570 thou msg. Play : 2760 thou msg. ( 全 国 50 箇 所 ) 伝 Server 言 蓄 積 装 伝 Server 言 蓄 積 装 置 置 固 定 電 話 網 Fixed telephone network 固 定 電 話 番 号 (10 桁 )で 登 録 Write : 110 thou msg. View : 180 thou msg. Capacity : 8 mil msg. Retention time : 48 hr. 伝 言 サーバ Server (web171) インターネッ Internet 被 災 地 内 の 固 定 ト 電 話 番 号 で 登 録 (なお 携 帯 電 話 やIP 電 話 番 号 等 も 利 用 可 能 ) Play back a message Play back a voice message Capacity : 500 mil msg. Retention time : 48 hr. View a message via the WEB Disaster Message Board Write a message which is kept in the carrier s server Write: 1.57 mil msg. View : 2.81 mil msg. Mobile 各 社 telephone 携 帯 電 話 network 網 (each carrier has one) 携 帯 電 話 番 号 (11 桁 )で 登 録 Server 伝 言 サー バー Server 伝 言 サー バー Server 伝 言 サー バー Retention time: Until the service is ended. View a message through each carrier s server 13

16 Earthquake Early Warning How to Provide it to the Public- Japan Meteorological Agency provide Earthquake Early Warning to the public through: - TV & Radio - Mobile phone (special buzzer, pop-up, vibration, sent by cell broadcasting system etc.) - Municipal Disaster Management Radio Communication Network (via J-Alert (MIC FDMA)) - Other facilities -TV (sample display) -Speakers for residents (Municipal Disaster Management Radio Communication Network) -Mobile phone Earthquake Early Warning (Source: NHK) Earthquake occurred in XX area. Please prepare for earthquake. Special buzzer Vibration 14

17 Lessons Learned from the Disaster 15

18 Information and ICT the Lifeline for our Survival Physical damage to communication / broadcasting network Information communication between the disaster areas were disconnected Paper information including family registers at local governments, medical records at hospitals, or school textbooks were flushed away by the tsunami, resulting in difficulty in providing public services When contact cannot be made Prompt information distribution by NPO, etc. via internet, such as information on one s safety or matching of needs at the disaster areas and support information, etc. Importance of strengthening the resistance of communication infrastructure, etc., to disaster Importance of smooth information sharing between the government and private organizations Useful means of communication in case of emergency. Satellite phone or simplicity radio, etc. Community FM and medium frequency radio, etc. Internet or mobile terminal for using portal site or social media Importance of diversified and multilayered means of wired / wireless information distribution Importance of INFORMATION Importance of providing public continuity of smooth services such as business by prompt Lifeline for administration / recovery of data medical / education, survival etc., without interruption Importance of providing Importance of flexible medical services from a management of handling remote location personal information which may risk lives with the doctor who made the medical record, medical information may be provided to the hospital where the patient is transferred to, without his/her consent. Lessons learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake Services can be provided continuously by utilizing the network system s backup of data related to residents or medical field. Remote medical services can be provided to patients on their first visit, which has become widelyknown. Temporary measure to issue prescriptions through facsimile ＩＣＴ can free the constraints of distance and time, strengthen people s connection, and improve the effectiveness of economical and social activities

19 Actions to Strengthen the Maintenance of Communications Services after

20 Draft Technical Standards to Increase the Network Resilience Information Communications Council (advisory board) analyzed major causes of recent service Interruption by disaster, and asked for strengthening of technical standards in report submitted to the Minister in February. New technical standards (draft is now under public consultation) will require Telecommunication Carriers to take following countermeasures. I. Electric Blackouts - increased capacity of battery or fuel for facilities covering government buildings II. Disruptions of Telecommunications lines - back-up entrance circuit for important Mobile Base Stations - geographical distribution of important core facilities III. Tsunami / Flood - respect hazard map made by local government IV. Traffic Congestion - save and analyze call completion data under communications restriction during disaster, and reflect on network capacity and restriction control rule.

21 Countermeasures to Increase Network Resilience Ⅰ.Electric Blackouts Disaster Center, etc. Ⅴ.Other Reinforce countermeasures on PHS PHS Analyzing and reporting connection status under call restriction Generators and/or batteries for longer blackouts Generators, Longer life battery, etc. Base Station Operating Line Generator cars, etc. Thorough redundancy of network between switches Switch Large cell covering by backup base stations Building Switch Base Station Controller Backup Line Creating further redundancy in loop network structure Backup Line Building Switch Switch Ⅱ.Disruptions of Telecommunications lines Building Authentication facility Considering the latest hazard maps by local government Reinforce countermeasures on base stations covering important public offices Deploymen t Backup of important core facilities in distant location Disaster Center, etc. Vehicles with portable base stations, etc. Authentication facility Ⅳ.Traffic Congestion Ordinary Mobile Phones Ⅲ.Tsunami / Flood

22 New Safety Confirmation Service In February 2012, NTT docomo started Voice Message Delivery Service, which can avoid voice network congestion (under access restriction for voice call). Other Mobile Carriers are planning to start same services, and messages are deliverable between different carriers. Now, the NW is busy. Please leave your message. You have a message. Caller I m fine. I m at XX evacuation center now. Call Send voice message file Communication Restriction Line Switching Network Server Packet-Switching Data Network Send voice message file Receiver I m fine. I m at XX evacuation center now. 20

23 Action of Mobile Carrier NTT docomo- To secure telecommunications of local government, NTT docomo is equipping about 1,900 BSs with an electric generator and/or 24-hour-life batteries. ->These BSs cover 65% of the population of Japan. <BSs on docomo s building> electric generator (about 800 BSs) Radio Transmission <Mobile-phone tower> 24-hour-life battery (about 1,100 BSs) Radio Transmission Local government office Engine Local government office Battery 21

24 Measures for Recovery of East Japan through Utilization of ICT 22

25 Extract of ICT related gist from Japan Revival Strategy (cabinet decision on 24 th December 2011) 1/2 Recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake Make recovery of the affected areas a model for the revival of Japan Implement New Growth Strategy like the creation of new industries before doing so anywhere else at special zones for reconstruction by the use of private funds for sustainable development of the affected areas and make it a model for the revival of Japan. Strongly promote efforts to create new industries/jobs based on innovation especially in the areas of green, life, science and technology, ICT, etc. and achieve recovery in the affected areas leveraged by local strength and make it a regional model in Japan <Main measures> Computerization of local areas based on the use of ICT Introduce disaster resistant ICT infrastructures and local cloud to promote safe and comfortable computerization and achieve operation efficiency of the local government Efforts to further strengthen potential for growth (Explore economic frontier) Creation of new industries and market corresponding to environmental change Encourage pursuit of better productivity at service industries in response to aging population with declining birthrate etc., reform of rules and restrictions/systems to facilitate the creation of new industries/markets, creation of new growing industries in the areas of green innovation and needs for elderly driven by life/innovation etc., strengthening potential and management skills of small-and-medium-sized companies, blooming of science and technology innovation by industry and academic partnerships and active use of ICT with stronger security in mind and support establishment of businesses at the same time. <Main measures> Improve convenience of everyday life for people and creation of new industries based on ICT Realize effective use of ICT in extensive areas of administration, medicine and education, such as the promotion of an ID system of people to be reviewed in alignment with the number system under New Growth Strategy. Also, improve productivity of medical services etc. by promoting penetration of cloud, effectively use radio waves through system reform, etc., create new industries through the merger of different lines of businesses and industries based on ICT and so on.

26 Extract of ICT related gist from Japan Revival Strategy (cabinet decision on 24 th December 2011) 2/2 Revival of a thick layer of middle class (explore frontier in a society) Creation of sustainable and vibrant land and region Review deeply on city development suitable for the new age, such as the creation of a compact city, a fulfillment of public transportation system, city development for elderly to stay healthy in an aging society, highly convertible city to respond to demographic change and an ICT-based new city, in a bid to facilitate the creation of sustainable communities in a population declining society. <Main measures>promote exchanges between urban cities and agricultural, forestry and fishery villages, energize local community based on local resources and intra-regional cycle etc. Energize local community through the use of ICT such as cloud, encourage to improve abilities to support themselves and create wealth, concentrate knowledge and form partnerships to create self-supportive communities.

27 General ICT Strategy Towards Recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Recovery of Japan (Interim report of Information and Communications Council, held July 25, 2011) Promote simultaneously Recovery of east Japan Necessary to provide maximum support to the creative recovery implemented by the residents of the disaster area and municipalities Recovery of Japan Solve the restraints of supply, and must activate the economy, including growth of the global market, build a nation that is resistant to disaster, and establish a social and economic system of high efficiency 1. Strengthen resistance of communication infrastructure, etc., to disaster 2. Revive and strengthen ties in the community through ICT 3. Create new business through utilization of ICT 4. Contribute to overcome the energy restraints due to ICT 5. Strengthen international collaboration/link in ICT field 6. Accelerate research and development in ICT field Priority support measures towards recovery of east Japan City development utilizing ICT By implementing the ICT infrastructure from the first stage of recovery, a city can be developed at a low cost. Globally develop cities with ICT implemented across the disaster area. A new ICT base in Tohoku area Tohoku area is one of the leading research bases for telecommunication field in Japan. Invite R&D facilities or laboratories from Japan as well as overseas. Promotion of ICT utilization Contribute to the activation of economy and creation of employment through the utilization and promotion of ICT in medical / education / environment fields.

28 Project for Promoting Informatization in the Disaster Area Support the approaches to solve the issues that the local governments affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake are facing, through efficient and effective measures that utilize ICT. Tohoku Medical Megabank (Medical Information Sharing Infrastructure) Regeneration and Reinforcement of Relationship in Community by ICT Utilization Construction of Work History Management System in Disaster Area Development of Broadband Infrastructure in the disaster area Introduction of Municipality Cloud System Disaster Area Cloud Server Cloud Server Construction of Disaster-Resistant Information Sharing System Municipality Disaster Information Distribution System In and Outside of the Municipality Introduction of Smart-grid Communication Interface

29 Subsidy for recovery of information infrastructure from disasters Subsidy for information infrastructure recovery projects in the disaster area Damage in Coastal Area of Miyagi Pref. (As of June 30, 2011) Subsidy for recovery of information infrastructure from disasters Hospital City Hall Kesenmuma City Internet - Regional Intra-network - CATV Library School Switching Station Ishinomaki City - Regional Intra-network Community Center Municipalities whose public ICT infrastructure (e.g. Broadband, CATV, internet) was damaged Subsidized Equipment Antenna, head-end eq., studio eq., tower, light-electricity transform eq., radio access eq., satellite earth station eq., etc.

30 Research and Development for strengthening the information communication network s resistance to disaster For the development of R&D base (trials, experiments and validations), as well as R&D and experiment on radio technology for the communication technology to reduce the congestion of mobile phone usage in disasters, or for autonomous recovery of communication infrastructure which damaged in a disaster to reconnect to public facilities. R&D for strengthening the information communication network s resistance to disaster (1) Technology to reduce congestions in mobile phone service etc. in disaster (2) Technologies to secure communications by developing autonomous network even when part of the infrastructure is damaged by earthquake, aftershock, tsunami, etc. Internet Data network Experiment, validation and Development of new technologies using testbed in disaster area Internet Data transmission Emergency Com. Mobile network Wired Network Sendai

31 New City Development Utilizing ICT Issues for the disaster at present Basic policy for the recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake Damage in information communication infrastructure Difficulty in maintaining the ties in the community due to evacuation in a wide area Loss of family registers, medical records, and student records Establish an information communication network integrated to city development with high resistance to disaster, which is reliable for everyone Secure an environment where the local government and residents of the disaster area can communicate smoothly Promote utilization of ICT such as introduction of cloud service to a wide area of fields including local governments Pioneering introduction of smart energy system or smart community, etc. to the disaster area Unstable energy supply Schedule for the new IT strategy Development of a multilayered information communication infrastructure that can be a foundation of a new city development from a disaster prevention perspective Provide accurate / prompt / continuous support information, and secure an environment for communication for the evacuees. Sophistication of social infrastructure and improvement of disaster resistance through cloud services for government, medical, and education field, etc. Wireless network of high resistance to disaster, broadband for smooth communication, cloud service for sophistication of social infrastructure, application of ICT package combined with sensor network, etc. Agri & Aquaculture Administration Cloud Sensor network Environment New city development utilizing ICT (e.g.) Disaster Prevention, Decreasing Damages Wireless network Broadband (e.g.) Welfare, Nursing (e.g.) (e.g.) Realization of collaboration in a wide area across cities Sightseeing, Traffic Contribute to resolving regional and socioeconomic issues that Japan faces at present, and will increase in the future Contribute to a new growth such as activation of economy or creation of employment, by promoting the utilization of ICT Global expansion of the city of JAPAN MODEL in the disaster area where ICT is introduced and implemented

32 To Establish a Model for New City Development Utilizing ICT Environment building for realizing a new city development model By combining ICT technologies (sensor network, cloud service, wireless network, etc.) that can contribute to the development of a safe, comfortable, and environment-friendly city, development and experiment for an ideal ICT system for city development shall be conducted, and shall be expanded in and out of Japan as a model case of city development. Sensor network Broadband Cloud Wireless network Power source Elevator BEMS Security system Air Lighting conditioning An environment friendly city utilizing the information of the sensors installed across the city A city where broadband connection can be used anywhere at ease A city where infrastructure such as optical fiber is installed underground A city with newly added value for users, by cloud services for daily life or economy related contents, etc. A city with a highly disaster resistant radio system A city where disaster information can be received promptly and surely even under circumstances where mobile phones cannot be used Establishment of a Model for New City Development Utilizing ICT

33 Thank you for your attention! 31