The evaluation of the effect of the knowledge management on the organizational innovation

Transcription

1 Engineering Research Journal ISSN: Vol 3, Issue 1, pp The evaluation the effect the management on the organizational Ghasem Faraj pour KhanaPoshtani 1, Masoud Tashayoei 2, habib gheisari 3, hossein garadagi 4 1. The Pressor assistant the Industrial engineering Tehran Islamic Azad university Parand 2. The graduate student industrial engineering, Tehran Islamic Azad university Parand 3. The graduate student industrial engineering, Tehran Islamic Azad university Parand 4. The graduate student industrial engineering, Tehran Islamic Azad university Parand Abstract: The goal the above research is to evaluate the effect the management on the organizational. So, the role the solutions the rich management from the two statistical population Kar And Andisheh that the management process is implemented in it, and Kosar Rayanet that the management is implemented in it, and the level the organizational among the staff and managers was evaluated. The research method is evaluative-descriptive. In order to gather information, a 30- question questionnaire was used, that deals with most the questions related to the management with the focus on the staff, in the form the dimensions ( obtaining, organization, perception and the creation by them ) and the focus on the technology in the form the two dimensions (sharing and dissemination the. And its validity method is content validity, and its stability is approved and through Cronbach s alpha by the SPSS stware. The statistical population includes the staff the two abovementioned companies. The results the above research showed that there is a meaningful relation between the dimensions obtaining, organization, perception, creation, dissemination and sharing, and the organizational. Key words : management, organizational, staff, managers Introduction : We are living in the age(era). The expression (( is power)) is replaced by the expression (( the sharing is power )) in the -based age. Any organization, whether small or big, develops and flourishes so that it achieves its mission, because the is power, the human capital any organization determines its success. The duty the management is to manage the capital that organization. Basically, the management is not a new concept or thought. The is not a subject that is created suddenly. The human, in his evolutionary path and the social evolution resulting from it, has always produced and has used it for making changes in the society. However, this is created, registered and transferred implicitly in different human societies in different periods, and it itself has caused the next changes (Rahman Seresht, 2006, 21). The maintenance and development competitive advantage, is one the biggest challenges the organizations. Since, today, is highlighted as one the factors for the organizational success and competitiveness, when the staff the organization resign or leave the organization, the organizational success will be reduced. As a result, the organizations attempt to manage the more effectively in order to promote their performances. The management is one the relatively new issues that is posed in the field management. This modern management method is being rapidly welcomed by the management experts, and extensive attempts have been made to exploit the potential power the individual s power for the organizational productivity (Salavati and Haghnazar, 2009).

2 Problem statement : The humans have always lived in an ever-changing environment, but in the last decades, the intensity these changes has increased, that one the reasons these changes is the rapid technological advances, and we can consider this issue as one the important and effective factors for the changes. In order to survive in this condition, the organization should adapt itself to the environmental changes, and in order to face these changes, it should always look for a new, learning and the creation. Since the organization should always search for (look for) and learning, and by entering the frequently, the need for management is felt to help us confront the probable challenges resulting form the repetitive entry, and respond to the needs the organization by the duly use the available. But the problem the research is that the management can be as a tool for the organizational learning and in the organization, so that the organization can always efficiently encounter the changes and challenges resulting from it. The management is based on this thought(concept) that the most valuable resource any organization is its staff s. This concentration is derived from the high rate changes in today s organizations or all the society (Shahtahmasebi and Ardekani,2009, 41). This research is on the basis this approach that the management is a social subject, therefore, we can state that the issue management, is a social phenomenon. The computer, information technology, etc, don t guarantee the success the management. The management is interminable (infinite), because the movement from data to information and from information to data never terminates. According to the mentioned problems, the main question this research is : To what extent the management can be effective in the creation in the organization. The research importance and goal : According to the statistics that are issued by Fortune journal in 2002, 9 percent the 500 top companies the world have had formal plans for the management,are they have been developing these plans. During these years, the public organizations were falling behind this trend. Putting the technology in a place in not a solution for the completion management, and it is not a solution for the creation culture. If an organization really wants to use the management system for the strategic, the staff should be directed so that they become interested in cooperating with the organization, and be encouraged in this path. Many the senior managers succeeded in making changes in the past, however, they might not have insight about how the will have changes in the future. Since the staff are the main factor form making changes, the management should perform as a tool that completes the daily works their job (Bels Leznberg et. al, 2005). The ideal goal this research is that the organization can react continuously to the environmental changes, and continuously explores new, and it can efficiently use the new. Francis Biken, the English philosopher,in four centuries ago, stated that the is power, and this sentence clarifies the importance the management, and it shows that the is very important for the organization, and it can result in the power and development the organization. The primary(main) goal this research is : The evaluation the effect the management on the creation in the organization. The secondary goal : The study the role acquisition in the creation organizational The study the role organization in the creation organizational The study the role perception in the creation organizational The study the role creation in the creation organizational The study the role dissemination in the creation organizational The study the common role in the creation 41

3 The research literature and background : management was suggested in last 1970s. In the midst 1980s it was appeared,and the position and its effect on power and economical markets promoted and increased. The management suggested its theoretical base by the viewpoints Peter Draker in USA, Nunaka and Takuchi in Japan in 1995, and made the field management more dynamic. Today, in the early years 21st century, for most the developed countries, it is the symbol achievement power and development (Nemati and Jamshidi, 1386, 4). Watson, in his book, refers to the three distinct stages in human civilization that are : agriculture age(era), industrial age, information age, and the fourth stage that is recently posed. He predicts that the 21 st century observes the development the human societies based on ideas and creativity (Hamidikia, 2011, 16). Organizational : The term is derived from the latin word ((innovate))and it means to make a new thing. Shuchiti was the first one who stated in the form a scientific concept. In fact, by recognizing the effective factors on the economical growth countries, he understood the vital role and importance in the growth the countries. On the basis his viewpoint, the appears in one the following forms : The introduction and commercialization the new service or product, with the considerable improvement the application the new products and services The introduction new production process or considerable improvement the existing work processes Opening the doors new market The development new resources suppliers, such as raw materials, equipment and other inputs Making basic(fundamental) changes to the organizational and industrial structure : Innovation is a process that in this process, first, it allows the individual to climbs his imagination to the skies. Then, descends that to the ground and engineers it (idea engineering) in order to become an idea. Then, by the idea management, converts it to suitable and scientific ideas (creativity), and then, converts ideas to goods, services and process, and finally, by commercializing the products, services and processes that are new or developed in the market, the process terminates. In other word, the creativity is necessary for. But, it is a long way from creativity to, that usually the entrepreneurs facilitate this way (Ahmadi and Nasiri Vahed, 2007). Types : The organizations work with two types scientific and explicit, Nunaka defines the implicit as the that is not clearly stated. However, Pulani considers this type as a that cannot be stated explicitly. The gap between these two definitions is filled by the definition Rakim with giving hidden that exists inexplicitly and innately, but it takes much time and cost to convert it to an explicit. The tacit(implicit) is a form that we can share it from direct actions and experiments and through interactive conversations, and also, it is a that is felt and understood, but it can be stated by writing. A part that is produced inside the organization, is the explicit. This can be easily stored and transferred. But writing the tacit is very difficult. The tacit is on the basis personal experiences, rule thumb, insight and intuition and judgment. The tacit includes the specialized work skills, personal experience and insight and creative solutions, that most the time it is hard to transfer them to the other individuals (Sohrabi and Darmi,2010, 96-97). The methods creation in the organization : The importance and necessity production lies in the increase national wealth. The production means value creation for the organizations and the potential producing 42

4 competitive advantages for maintaining them. Johnson (2002) defines the production as the difference between what we know and what we should know for the success the project. The production is defined as an output in the form a production process like giving an idea, and it can be distinguished from the other outputs by the effect on the organization system. And it is defined as a result in the form a value-added subject. According to Danport and Prosak, the main methods for creation in the organization are : acquisition, creation, symbolic learning and taking samples from the best people The rent, the required can be bought and rented out the organization, and its common method is the organizational financial support from the research centers. The obliged resources, the common method for the organizational creation, is the creation research and development units that its goal is to create new and it is a modern way for performing tasks (Abtahi and Salavati,2006). The effect on the organizational structure : The gives strength to the organizational structure, and allows the members the organization to show the organizational capabilities and methods to the determined methods. This creates the opportunity and creativity inside a kind cultural context that results in coherence. The causes the maximum independence staff, creative activities and the production organizational wisdom, and finally the development the self-managing ability the individuals and s. In the organizational structure, the s instead the manager each section, and also the teams instead duty supervisors, and the complete substitution ordinary staff the organization by the workers, are conducted. The considerable point in the new structure, is the elimination the line between different parts that integrates the organization (Ardekani and Shahtahmasebi,2009,41). The effect on the performance the organization : The production, as a process, is the result the reflection the models a production value chain in which, any sequence in this value chain, creates added value in the form organizational performance and competitive advantages. And includes the successful application patents, publication in the specialized journals and the effective factors on it, new productions, main samples and work procedures. The effect on the organization performance, includes the prit and it consists items such as patents, individual ownership right and private secrets. The definitions management : Dafi defines management as the identification, growth and effective application the basic the organization. From the viewpoint Kuchi : The management means the reduction control on the staff and their participation in the creation and sharing, so that, it strengthens the strategy the innovative organization. According to Shankar : The management is the process identification and efficient use the assets the staff for transferring the business benefits to the customer or organization. By applying the management, it can be divided into the planning process and implementation process. Daven Port : the management is a systematic and special organizational process for organization, maintenance, application, publication and production the tacit and explicit the staff for increasing the performance the organization and creation value (Sohrabi and Darmi, 2010, 69). The benefits and advantages management for the modern organizations : The advantages the management, include the reuse the existing and avoiding from costs repetition for solving the repetitive problems. The organization can use the 43

5 stored for solving some the problems, such as giving new services, investigating the customers complaints, etc. Also, the management increases the internal efficiency, the coordination the customers services and general pritability. The organizational, creates value by giving improved environment for the development new and the use the experiment for solving problems (Sohrabi and Darmi, 2010, 72). The successful organizations are the ones that extensively distribute the new in the organization and rapidly apply it in the new technologies and products. This process will result in the creativity and and the development competitive advantage. In fact, the findings the research conducted by Ernest and Yang show that know the as the biggest result applying the management in the organizations. Although, until now, the attempts the management were focused on the productivity achievements and the production capabilities. Henry and Walker, link the new with the newly organized. Other benefits applying management include the increase organizational learning, the advanced management the mental capitals, the increase efficiency and productivity the performances, and the continuous development (Kostas et. Al 2006). The effective factors on the organizational : The role management is very important in the s in which the creativity and is the main factor (especially the research centers). Because the management can create and encourage the ability and the talent creativity and in the individuals. The art the creative manager is to use the others creativity and finding creative minds. The creative manager should create an environment in which he himself can be creative and encourages the staff the organization to be creative. And this environment is an environment that is far from the daily works, and he assign the duties and authorities so that everybody himself can solve his own problem. In order for anybody to think in his organization, an environment should be created, where the opinions and viewpoints can be given. One the important and attractive methods the education (development) the humans personality, creativity and, and even social growth and development, is the consultation, and undoubtedly, the individuals who prefer to consult have more mental ability. A creative organization depends highly on the self-control its staff. The managers can affect the main components the creativity ( specialty, creative thinking skills and motivation). This means that the managers should forget about the improvement the specialty and the skills creative thinking. But when it is the time to prioritize the actions(tasks), they should know that the effective actions on the inner motivation, will give more rapid results (Tulayee, 2008). The management and its role in the organizational : Today, with the complexities the competition, the is known as one the main advantages for the life the companies. The emergence, not only enables the organizations to achieve competitive advantage, but also provides a suitable tool for the promotion the organizational performance. In fact, the managers and the organizational policy makers find that the success, is the -based. Any organization attempts to use the opportunities given by management such as the methods acquisition, simulation and information system in. Organizations are influenced by the factors inside and outside the organization, the factors outside the organization include threats, competitions, resources and limitations. The environment inside the organization include individuals, processes, technology, culture and the management the organization. In an organization with closed culture and uncooperative management, they ten use processes, technologies and the that exist in the organization for performing their tasks. It means that the conceptual that exists in the mind the individuals will be remained. This factor can result in a culture that prevents from the movement the flow inside the organization to outside and vice versa. The management allows the organizations to create mechanisms that are closer to the societies, and in this way, they are used by intangible assets for benefiting the organization. The management is itself an by which, the performance the organizations is promoted (Shahabi,2009). 44

6 The relationship between and : Today, the is necessary in the current technological environment, and most the organizations are looking for the creation new ideas. In this regard, the specialists the organization intend to use the for giving services or productions that the customers demand, and to create an infrastructure in which the become a continuous process like learning. Because the goal the management and the secret the survival the today s organizations is hidden in the. The experts the management believe that the mechanisms and the management processes are adaptable (Dehghan Najm 1388). In adopting an organizational, the managers play an important role regarding the organizational resources. If an organization is considered as a person, the managers, undoubtedly, will play the thinker s role. The managers have this right to take part in the management session, and to discuss about the issues, and to decide about the assignment the organizational resources. The managers, not only filter the unimportant and unrelated information, but also keep the important information in their mind and they process the information more to give effective responses. For example, the managers may discuss about important issues in the organization s session, and decide about the important information that process. This legalizes (legitimizes) the issues in the organization, and these issues convert more into the organizational strategy. However, these resources in the organizations are limited. If these issues are not discussed in the organization s agenda, they don t have organizational validity and more practical activities are not adopted about them. Therefore, the interest the managers in this issue is very important (Jerchino chinglin 2012). The study (research) method : The study method in this research is descriptive-evaluative. The descriptive method means that it gives an image the statistical population, and also, describes and analyzes the current situation the organizational and s, and studies the rich management based on the staff and technology existing in the organizational in the related centers. The evaluative method means that, this research studies the desirable and effective benefits that the management can have in the creation organizational, and it is accompanied by some recommendations for constructive actions. And this justification can be aligned with the role that the management can have in the organizational. The statistical population : In fact, includes all the elements that the subject a particular research applies to them, and in this research,we want to infer that it includes the managers and staff the Kar and Andisheh that is studied as the population where the management is implemented, and also the Rayant Kosar that is studied as the where the management is implemented. The two field and library methods are used for gathering information. Also, for performing statistical tests correlation estimation and the difference test, and obtaining the values required for the analysis the statistical information such as correlation coefficient, the SPSS stware was used. The first hypothesis for studying the relationship between the organizational and organizational H0: the management and organizational don t have any relationship with each other. H1:The management and organizational have relationship with each other. 45

7 Correlation value ±0.65 Table ±0.73 management and management and Kar and Andisheh Rayanet Kosar For the analysis this hypothesis, first, the relationship between the two above s in the two companies Kar and Andisheh and Rayanet Kosar were evaluated separately, and the statistics showed that there is a meaningful and direct relationship between the management and organizational (correlation value 0.87 and level ). But there is not any meaningful relationship in the Rayanet Kosar. So, by rejecting the null hypothesis, it can be concluded that the management has meaningful and direct relationship with the creation organizational. Second hypothesis : Studying the role acquisition in the creation organizational H0: The acquisition and creation don t have direct relationship H1: acquisition and creation have direct relationship ± ±0.57 Table 2 acquisition and Kar and Andisheh ± ±0.74 acquisition and Rayanet kosar According to the analysis this hypothesis, the study the relationship between the acquisition and the creation organizational in the Kar and Andisheh showed that there is a strong positive and meaningful relationship between the acquisition and creation (correlation value 0.87 and level ). But in the Rayanet kosar, there is not such a relationship. Third hypothesis : the study the role perception in the creation organizational H0: perception doesn t have direct relationship with the creation H1: perception has direct relationship with the creation 46

8 0.56 Table ± ±0.42 perception and Kar and Andisheh ± ±0.74 perception and Rayanet Kosar According to the analysis this hypothesis, the study the relationship between the acquisition and the creation organizational in the Kar and Andisheh showed that there is a strong positive and meaningful relationship between the acquisition and creation (correlation value 0.56 and level ), but in the Rayanet Kosar, there is not such a relationship. Fourth hypothesis : The study the role sharing in the creation organizational H0: acquisition doesn t have direct relationship with creation H1: acquisition has direct relationship with creation Table ± ± ± ±0.74 sharing and sharing and Kar and Andisheh Rayanet Kosar According to the analysis this hypothesis, the study the relationship between the acquisition and the creation organizational in the Kar and Andisheh showed that there is a strong positive and meaningful relationship between the acquisition and creation (correlation value 0.96 and level ). But there is not such a relationship in Rayanet Kosar. Fifth hypothesis : the study the role organization in the creation organizational H0: organization doesn t have direct relationship with creation H1: organization has direct relationship with creation 0.56 Table ± ±0.42 organization and Kar and andisheh ± ±0.80 organization and Rayanet Kosar 47

9 According to the analysis this hypothesis, the study the relationship between the organization and the creation organizational in the Kar and Andisheh showed that there is a strong positive and meaningful relationship between the acquisition and creation (correlation value 0.56 and level ).But there is not such a relationship in the Rayanet Kosar. Sixth hypothesis : The study the role creation in the creation organizational H0: creation doesn t have direct relationship with creation. H1: creation has direct relationship with creation. Table ± ±0.42 creation and Kar and Andisheh ± ±0.71 creation and Rayanet Kosar According to the analysis this hypothesis, the study the relationship between the creation and the creation organizational in the Kar and Andisheh showed that there is strong positive and meaningful relationship between acquisition and creation (correlation value 0.50 and level ). But there is not such a relationship in the Rayanet Kosar. Seventh hypothesis : the study the role sharing in the creation organizational H0:common creation doesn t have direct relationship with creation H1:common creation has direct relationship with creation Table ± ±0.40 sharing and Kar and Andisheh ± ±0.71 sharing and Rayanet Kosar According to the analysis this hypothesis, the study the relationship between the creation and the creation organizational in the district 6 Abfa Semnan showed that there is a positive strong relationship between the acquisition and creation 48

10 (correlation value 0.90 and level ). But there is not such a relationship in the district 2 Abfa Tehran. Conclusion and suggestions : According to this fact that any research alone cannot give solution to his addressee, it is necessary for the researcher to give his results in the form suggestions. Since the results the research shows the relationship between the rich management in the form the concentration the organization on the staff ( organization and acquisition) and ( creation and perception) and the concentration on the technology ( sharing and dissemination) with the organizational in the society in which the management is implemented, So, for the improvement any the management indices, the following solutions are suggested : Strengthening the scientific ability and training the members the organization : the management should plan so that the individuals can enjoy the courses during serving and they can take part in the courses with the minimum cost and use it for the development themselves and their work s, by giving constructive suggestions and by beneficial criticizes for the improvement the existing methods. The identification the key staff : the new technologies such as work flow, documents management systems, suggest new methods for maintaining the organization. But, this is human that makes rational and reasonable decisions for the work. It is not always possible to replace the humans with machines and systems. So, the most reliable way for maintaining the memory, is the creation procedures for the study opinions and the levels the staff satisfaction and the creation supportive and encouraging methods for maintaining the individuals with strategic in the organization. It is hard to guarantee that the suitable become available, so, the managers should provide conditions that the staff use this, and the work environment should support the application the new, and they should encourage the staff and colleagues to follow the new ideas and. Also, providing suitable information systems for the storage, transfer and exchange such as internet, intranet, ware, and providing the required equipment for the easy access to the suitable stware for sharing the information to the staff by holding the required educational courses. References : 1.Abtahi, seyed Hossein, Salavati, Adel (2006), the management in the organization, first edition, Tehran, Peyvande no publications 2.Rahman Seresht, Hossein (2006) the management strategies, first edition, art and skill publication 3.Sohrabi, Akbar, Hadi (2010), the management with MBA approach, first edition, Samt publications 4.Shahtahmasebi, Ardekani (2009), the effect on the organizational structure and performance, the research and scientific publications management informing, Mordad and Shahrivar, number 148 and Salavati, Adel, Haghnazar, Fereshteh(2009), the analytical study the effective cost factors on the establishment management system 6.Kestas, Metakezhitis, Raga zakis, John Pesras (2006), the discovery the management world, translation by Parisa Khatamiyan, the electronic journal information research center and Iran scientific documents, number 2 7.Nemati, Mohammad Ali, Jamshidi, Laleh(2007), the study the relationship and the effect experience and sharing process on the development the social capital among the growth center technological units Shahid Beheshti University, the first conference management in Tehran University 8.Hamidikia, Morteza (2011), the relationship between the management and and the work performance the staff Lorestan province telecommunications, graduate thesis Azad university, Bojnoord unit. 49

11 9.Ahadi, Parviz, Nasiri Vahd, Nahid (2007), the organizational, Tadbir monthly, eighteenth year, number Dehghan Najm, Mansour (2009), the management and in the organization, the monthly automobile engineering and related industries, first year, number Juchen, Hesu and Ching Lin, Tang (2012), the study the origin diversity in the issues relating to the adoption organizational, translation by Davood Mirshekari. 50