TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

Transcription

1 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE DECLARATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF APPENDICES ii iii iv v vi vii x xi xiii xiv 1 INTRODUCTION Overview on Data Embedding Problem Statement Objectives of Thesis The Scope of the Work Organization of the Thesis 5 2 THE BASIC OF DIGITAL WATERMARKING Introduction Branches of Data Embedding Steganography 8

2 viii Watermarking Applications of Data Embedding General Framework of Data Embedding Reversibility vs. Irreversibility Blind vs. non-blind watermarking Watermarking and theory of communication Watermarking System Model Mathematic Description of Watermarking Scheme Watermarking Requirements Visual Quality Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) Structural Similarity (SSIM) Gradient Magnitude Similarity Deviation (GMSD) Robustness JPEG compression Blurring Gaussian filtering Wiener filtering Image Re-Scaling LSB Manipulation Cropping and Rescanning Embedding Capacity 29 3 LITERATURE SURVEY OF WATERMARKING METHODS Introduction Bit Plane Mapping Histogram shifting Spread Spectrum Chaos and its applications to watermarking Human Visual System in Spread Spectrum 40

3 ix 4 DESIGN METHODOLOGY Introduction Project Methodology Empirical Implementation Histogram Shifting Embedding Process Extracting Payload Proposed Spread Spectrum Embedding Process of Proposed Method Extract process 49 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Introduction Set of testing images Experimental environment and Set of Functions Proposed Histogram Shifting Watermarking 53 (HSW) 5.5 Spread Spectrum Discussion Histogram Shifting Spread Spectrum 66 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK Introduction Summary Conclusion Future work 71 APPENDICES A-B 77-81

4 x LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO TITLE PAGE 1.1 The number of publications in data embedding area in duration from 1992 to Classification of embedding capacity performance The selected intensity levels of embedding at T= SSIM in HSW PSNR (db) in HSW Show the PSNR for the proposed Spread Spectrum Show the GMSD for the proposed method of spread spectrum embedding and extracting SSIM for the embedding and extracting for the proposed algorithm Show the comparative between the proposed Histogram Shifting with pervious method done in the spatial domain Show the whole comparative between methods 65

5 xi LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO TITLE PAGE 1.1 The detailed scope of the project The general branches of data embedding area General framework of data embedding General framework of data embedding The model of image watermarking in communication theory The classical model of communication system Watermark Embedding Scheme Watermark Extraction Scheme The three requirements of watermarking, in which a trade-off should be made between them The algorithm of embedding a watermark using Bit Plane Mapping method Example on histogram shifting, where the zero point is 255, and peak point is Bringing an image into DCT domain The logistic bifurcation diagram Proposed methodology Embedding process using HS watermarking method Extraction process using HS watermarking method Embedding Process Algorithm for the Extracting Process The set of testing images. 48

6 xii 5.2 Embedding capacity in HSW at T=0, 10, 100 and 1000 respectively Refer to the amount of payload enter inside the host image and equal to 1130 bits for the threshold equal Comparison between original and watermarked image of Baboon. Watermark is achieved using HSW at T= Show the extract for the payload with same data entered in the embed process (a) Show the original image. (b) Show the proposed luminance masking used in the embedding stage to enhance the visual quality of the output image Logistics map to generate sequence 2d of the watermark Show (a) is the original image and (b) is the watermarked image with incorporate the luminance masking, PSNR is 37.5(db) Show the watermark to be inserted in the host image Watermark extract Show comparative between proposed Spread Spectrum in term of enhance the visual quality measured by PSNR (db) with (classic Spread Spectrum, proposed Histogram Shifting, Bit Plane Mapping). 63

7 xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS DCT - Discrete Cosine Transform DWT - Discrete wavelet transform GMSD - Gradient Magnitude Similarity Deviation HSW - Histogram Shifting watermarking HVS - Human Visual Quality JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group LSB - Least Scientific Bit PoO - Probability of Occurrence PSNR - Peak Signal to Noise Ratio QOS - Quality Of service SME - Mean Squared Error SNR - Signal to Noise Ratio SSIM - Structural Similarity T - Threshold

8 xiv LIST OF APPENDICES TABLE NO TITLE PAGE A Histogram Shifting Matlab Code 77 B Spread Spectrum Matlab Code 80