TEI and Cultural Heritage Ontologies

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1 TEI and Cultural Heritage Ontologies Interchange of information? Øyvind Eide & Christian-Emil Ore Unit for Digital Documentation, University of Oslo, Norway

2 Motivation: Grey literature in Museums 1 Original text (text witness) Step 1: registration Bibliographical record Step 2: reproduction Facsimile Step 3: transcription Text with XML markup 1) Structural markup (2) Lemmatization etc.) Step 4: content markup Text with XML markup Information elements identified and marked up according to a simple information model, DTD) Museum database artefacts, excavations, referential information Event/object oriented model (CIDOC-CRM compatible)

) Step 4: content markup Text with XML markup Information elements identified and marked up according to a simple

3 Motivation: Grey literature in Museums 2 A fragment of a imaginary report: The excavation in Wasteland in 2005 was performed by Dr. Diggey. He had the misfortune of breaking the beautiful sword (C50435) into 30 pieces.

4 Information extraction Actor: Dr. Diggey Relation: performed Event: E1 Type excavation Place: Wastland Time- span 2005 Actor: Dr. Diggey Relation: performed Event: E2 Type: Modification Descr: Breaking the sword into 30 pieces Relation: part of E1 Relation: in presence of Object: Sword Relation: identified by Identifier: C50435 <TEI> <teiheader> </teiheader> <text> <p id="p1"> <rs id="e1">the excavation in <name type="place" id="n1">wasteland </name> in <date id="d1">2005</date></rs> was performed by <name type="person" id="n2">dr. Diggey </name>. He had the misfortune of <rs id="e2"> breaking <rs id="o1">the beautiful sword <rs id= o_id1 >(C50435)</rs></rs> into 30 pieces</rs>. </p> </text></tei>

identified by Identifier: C50435 <TEI> <teiheader> </teiheader> <text> <p id="p1"> <rs id="e1">the excavation in <name type="place" id="n1">wasteland </name> in <date

5 Strategies for integration Three possible strategies for combining extracted information and the TEI tagged text Store the information as an external XML-document e.g. RDF or CRM-Core. Can be stored together with the TEI document (eg by using METS) Store the information in the TEI-header using an external XML name space, e.g. RDF Store the information in the TEI-header using the existing elements in TEI-P5.

Can be stored together with the TEI document (eg by using METS) Store the information in the

6 The CIDOC CRM Top-level Classes relevant for Integration E55 Types refer to / refine E39 Actors (persons, inst.) participate in E28 Conceptual Objects E18 Physical Things affect or refer to E2 Temporal Entities (Events) at have location E52 Time-Spans E53 Places

) participate in E28 Conceptual Objects E18 Physical Things

7 Corresponding TEI-P5 elements <person> provides information about an identifiable individual, for example a participant in a language interaction, or a person referred to in a historical source. <org> (organization) provides information about an identifiable organization such as a business, a tribe, or any other grouping of people. <place> contains data about a geographic location <event> contains data relating to any kind of significant event associated with a person, place, or organization. <relation> (relationship) describes any kind of relationship or linkage amongst a specified group of participants.

<org> (organization) provides information about an identifiable organization such as a business, a tribe, or any other grouping of people.

8 Relations between event, place and person E55 Type wedding E5 Event E53 Place E55 Type Best man P14.1 In the role of P14 Participating E55 Type groom P14.1 In the role of E55 Type bride E21 Person E21 Person E21 Person Best man to Spouces

1 In the role of P14 Participating E55 Type groom P14.

9 Marriage example, page 413, 13.3 TEI-P5 <person xml:id="wm"> <! > <event type="marriage" when=" "> <label>marriage</label> <desc> <name type="person" ref="#wm">william Morris</name> and <name type="person" ref="#jbm">jane Burden</name> were married at <name type="place">st Michael's Church, Ship Street, Oxford</name> on <date when=" ">26 April 1859</date>. The wedding was conducted by Morris's friend <name type="person" ref="#rwd">r. W. Dixon</name> with <name type="person" ref="#cbf">charles Faulkner</name> as the best man. The bride was given away by her father, <name type="person" ref="#rb">robert Burden</name>.According to the account that <name type="person" ref="#ebj">burne- Jones</name> gave <name type="person" ref="#jwm">mackail</name> <quote>m. said to Dixon beforehand <said>mind you don't call her Mary</said> but he did</quote>. The entry in the Register reads: <quote>william Morris, 25, Bachelor Gentleman, 13 George Street, son of William Morris decd. Gentleman. Jane Burden,minor, spinster,.. </desc> <bibl>j. W. Mackail, <title>the Life of William Morris</title>, 1899.</bibl> </event> </person> <relation name="spouse" mutual="#wm #JBM"/> <relation name= best man" active= #RWD passive="#wm"/> <relation name="parent" active="#rb" passive="#jbm"/>

at <name type="place">st Michael's Church, Ship Street, Oxford</name> on <date when="1859-04-26">26 April 1859</date>. The wedding was conducted by Morris's friend <name type="person" ref="#rwd">r. W.

10 Types, attributes and classification 1 <classdecl> (classification declarations) contains one or more taxonomies defining any classificatory codes used elsewhere in the text. <taxonomy> defines a typology used to classify texts either implicitly, by means of a bibliographic citation, or explicitly by a structured taxonomy. <catref/> (category reference) specifies one or more defined categories within some taxonomy or text typology.

<taxonomy> defines a typology used to classify texts either implicitly, by means of a bibliographic

11 Types, attributes and classification 2 <state> contains a description of some status or quality attributed to a person, place, or organization at some specific time. <trait> contains a description of some culturally-determined and in principle unchanging characteristic attributed to a person or place.

12 Types, attributes and classification 3 Person Org(anisation) Place Trait- Age climate like Faith langknowledge location population Nationality terrain Sex trait socecstatus trait Stat- affiliation state bloc like education floruit country district occupation geogname persname placename residence region state settlement State

trait socecstatus trait Stat- affiliation state bloc like education floruit

13 Types, attributes and classification 4 Suggestion: Introduce a <description> element where <description type= trait > == <trait> <description type= state > == <state>

14 Summing up conclusions TEI-P5 introduces several new useful ontological elements. Suggested extensions and adjustments: Introduce an element conceptualobject for conceptual/abstract objects. Introduce an element physicalobject for physical objects. Extend the scope of relation to the object elements and to event and add the type attribute. Extend the scope of taxonomy to non-textual entities Extend the scope of desc to all ontological elements and let desc be a super element of the classification elements, eg. <age> will be equal to <desc type= age > Consider to state explicitly other equivalences like <publisher> and <name type= publisher >

Introduce an element physicalobject for physical objects. Extend the scope of relation to the object elements and to event and add the type attribute.

Data integration and metadata structures

Data integration and metadata structures CLARIN/Language Bank Seminar 15/12-08 Christian-Emil Ore University of Oslo CLARIN Objectives? Collection of separate LRT-Capsules (Language Resources and Technologies)?