Magnetic susceptibility for gemstones

Transcription

1 Magnetic susceptibility for gemstones Magnetic responses are standardized to 1/2" x 1/2" N-52 magnet cylinders. (see Colorless and extremely pale stones tend to be inert. (Inert includes diamagnetic). Black opaque stones of many species are strongly magnetic and may pick up or drag. Pick up/drag responses are weight-dependent. Larger garnets may be too heavy to pick up GEM VARIETY COLOR RESPONSE CAUSE OF COLOR Afghanite blue chromium, vanadium Allanite black Amber any color organic Amblygonite unknown Andalusite manganese Apatite any color manganese, rare earth Astrophyllite strong iron, manganese Axinite drags iron, manganese Azurite strong copper Barite pale brown unknown Bastnasite rough strong rare earth Benitoite charge transfer Fe/Ti aquamarine pale to medium weak to moderate iron golden yellow inert to weak iron heliodor yellowish green chromium, iron Beryl maxixe blue color centers morganite manganese bixbite red weak manganese green beryl green chromium, vanadium, iron emerald green weak chromium, vanadium Beryl synth. synth. Emerald green weak to moderate chromium, vanadium Calcite most colors various pink weak cobalt Cassiterite pale yellow iron Cavansite stabilized cab. moderate vanadium most agates & jaspers iron red jasper red weak to iron mahagony jasper brown strong iron bloodstone weak to strong iron Chalcedony carnelian iron chrysoprase green weak to strong nickel blue chalcedony blue unknown fire agate iron mtorolite green chromium onyx iron Charoite weak unknown Chrysoberyl weak to moderate iron Chrysocolla strong copper, iron impurities Clinohumite Coral organic moderate red weak iron, manganese orange strong manganese, iron Cordierite moderate to strong iron black star weak to moderate titanium, iron blue inert (Sri lanka) to titanium, iron sapphire Corundum moderate fancy colors weak to moderate chromium, titanium, iron ruby red weak to moderate chromium, titanium, iron

2 Corundum synth. Cubic zirconium synth. ruby most colors red inert to weak inert to strong various chromium, titanium synth. sapphire pink drags rare earth titanium Danburite yellow unknown Diamond any color carbon, nitrogen,boron Diamond synth. & CVD may show magnetic response Diaspore weak manganese, chromium, iron black star iron (magnetite) chrome diopside green weak to strong chromium Diopside vanadium diopside mint green weak vanadium green diopside grayish green strong iron, chromium yellow weak iron violane blue manganese violane Aosta weak to moderate Dumortierite weak various transparent drags iron Enstatite hypersthene opaque black drags iron Epidote drags iron Euclase pale blue iron Eudialite strong manganese, iron Fabulite Feldspar bytownite weak unknown andesine weak copper Oregon sunstone weak copper labradorite spectrolite yellow weak iron oligoclase sunstone iron (hematite) microcline amazonite lead, color centers moonstone orthoclase yellow weak to moderate iron Fluorite any color color centers almandine iron Garnet pyrope spessartine andradite uwarovite green iron, chromium hessonite yellow/orange moderate to strong iron grossular from Mali drags iron grossular pale green weak to strong vanadium, chromium tsavorite green moderate to strong vanadium, chromium rosolite pink strong manganese hydrogrossular green strong iron, chromium Gaspeite strong nickel, iron GGG art.product Glass man-made most colors various blue inert to weak cobalt goldfluss moderate to strong copper particles Glass/garnet doublet inert glass side / strong iron garnet side Hauyne weak unknown Hematite iron Hematine synth. Hemimorphite blue copper

3 Howlite white or dyed Idocrase green strong iron Iolite moderate to strong iron Ivory organic green weak to moderate iron, chromium orange weak iron jadeite red weak to moderate iron purple weak to moderate iron Jade white/yellow inert to weak maw-sit-sit moderate to strong chromium black strong iron nephrite green moderate to strong iron white/yellow Jade Jet organic Kornerupine strong iron Kyanite blue iron, chromium, titanium green weak vanadium natural sulfur, color centers Lapis lazuli Gilson synth weak to strong weak to strong Libyan desert glass iron Magnesite white Malachite drags copper Moldavite weak iron mahagony iron Obsidian Olivine opaque drags iron translucent strong iron transparent weak to moderate iron peridot drags iron forsterite near colorless weak iron Opal any color Pearl organic Pectolite larimar blue copper Pezzottaite weak manganese Plastic Prehnite green weak to moderate iron Psilomelane strong to drags manganese Pyrite weak Iron-sulfur Pyromorphite opaque unknown amethyst violet color centers Quartz Quartz with inclusions citrine yellow irradiation, some iron rock crystal colorless rose quartz pink manganese, iron smoky quartz irradiation rutile, hematite & most other inclusions tourmaline weak iron, copper chrysocolla weak to moderate copper hedenbergite green weak iron tourmaline blue weak copper tiger's eye inert to iron oxide hawk's eye weak iron oxide pietersite inert to strong iron oxide aventurine quartz inert to weak chromium Quartz jasper any color inert to

4 Rhodochrosite manganese Rhodonite manganese Rutile red strong iron, titanium Rutile synth. colorless inert to very weak rare earth Scapolite color centers Scheelite yellow rare earth Serpentine drags to iron, chromium, nickel Shell organic Sillimanite green/yellow weak iron, chromium fibrolite gray weak iron Sinhalite weak iron inert to weak color centers Sodalite hackmanite color centers Sphalerite orange/yellow iron Sphene Spinel Spinel synth. Spodumene yellow weak rare earth green weak chromium Co-blue moderate iron, cobalt pale colors inert to weak iron, cobalt, chromium pink, red, blue, weak to moderate iron, cobalt, chromium black mint green inert to moderate manganese, chromium Verneuil most colors various blue weak in rare cases flux red weak hiddenite dark green unknown chromium greenish yellow weak chromium kunzite pink, purple chromium pale yellow/green chromium Staurolite transparent iron, titanium opaque drags iron Strontium titanite Sugilite drags to manganese, iron Topaz color centers, chromium Tortoise shell organic schorl black drags iron dravite brown chromium Cr-tourmaline green chromium achroite colorless cuprian paraiba any color strong copper, manganese, Ti Tourmaline Turquoise elbaite green strong to drags iron, chromium, vanadium olive green moderate to strong iron, chromium, vanadium indicolite blue drags iron elbaite pink & mauve inert to strong manganese elbaite red (rubellite) inert to strong managnese elbaite watermelon weak various elbaite yellow unknown tsilaisite yellow drags manganese blue weak to moderate copper green weak to strong copper, iron Variscite inert to moderate chromium, iron Vesuvianite strong iron YAG yellow inert to weak various green inert to strong chromium pink strong to drags manganese Zincite synth orange Zircon any color color centers

5 Zoisite tanzanite vanadium thulite pink opaque manganese Bibliography : Kirk Feral -