HIV Screening and Access to Care Institute of Medicine. Jeffrey Crowley Office of National AIDS Policy

Transcription

1 HIV Screening and Access to Care Institute of Medicine Jeffrey Crowley Office of National AIDS Policy

2 ONAP Mission The Office of National AIDS Policy (ONAP) Part of the White House Domestic Policy Council Coordinates USG efforts to reduce the number of HIV infections across the US. Emphasizes HIV prevention through education initiatives Helps coordinate care and treatment of PLWAs. Coordinates with NSC and OGAC Ensure integrated US response to the global pandemic

3 President s National HIV/AIDS Strategy Goals 1. Reduce HIV incidence 2. Increase access to care for people living with HIV and optimize health outcomes 3. Reduce HIV-related disparities

4 ONAP Activities Community Discussions Call to Action Theme meetings HIV & Youth HIV & Women HIV & Housing HIV Stigma HIV & Black Men International AIDS Conference PACHA Private/public partnership Interagency working group Institute of Medicine

5 New HIV Infections By Transmission Category, % Gay & Bisexual Men Remain at High Risk for HIV Infection 12% 53% 31% Source: Hall (2008)

6 New HIV Infections by Race, % 17% 35% 45% Black White Hispanic API/AI Source: Hall (2008)

7 Diagnosed and Undiagnosed HIV Infections among Estimated Persons Living with HIV, by Race/Ethnicity, United States, Diagnosed Undiagnosed Percentage Black, non Hispanic White, non Hispanic Hispanic (Glynn et al. 2005)

8 HIV Prevalence and Proportion with Undiagnosed HIV Infection in MSM in 5 Cities Characteristic Total Tested HIV Prevalence N (%) Undiagnosed HIV Infection N (%) Total (25) 217 (48) Age (14) (17) (29) (37) (31) (79) (70) (49) (30) (34) Race White Black Hispanic API NA/AN Multiracial/Other < <10 25 (21) (46) (17) (7) (29) (20) <10 13 (18) (67) (48) (29) (100) (52) (MMWR, 6/24/05)

9 Unrecognized HIV Infection Known positives engage in fewer sexual risk behaviors with negative or unknown status partners (Colfax et al., 2002) Those with unrecognized infection primarily responsible for ongoing epidemic (Marks et al, 2006) Communities with greater prevalence of unrecognized positives also have a greater proportion of individuals accessing care late in disease progression

10 HIV Care A large proportion of people living with HIV/AIDS are not in regular HIV care Only half of those with clinical criteria for antiretroviral (ARV) therapy are receiving it Implications for health outcomes and HIV transmission

11 Test and Treat Lancet paper reduce HIV incidence by: 1) Annual testing of all individuals >15 years old 2) Prompt initiation of ART NIH funding two demonstration projects to assess feasibility of test and treat strategy

12 HIV Workforce Capacity 1.7 million people living with HIV in the U.S. # people living with HIV in US is increasing due to treatment advances HIV clinical care work force is shrinking because of Aging Work load Reimbursement/Compensation How do we recruit more providers into HIV care?

13 IOM charge 1) What is the extent to which federal, state, and private health insurance policies pose a barrier to expanded HIV testing? What are current federal and state laws, private health coverage policies, or other policies that impede HIV testing? What effective HIV testing methods and/or policies should be implemented by federal, state, or local agencies, federal programs, or private insurance companies that can be used to reach populations with a high prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection? What has been the impact of opt-out HIV testing?

14 IOM charge, contd 2) What is the current capacity of the health care system to administer a greater number of HIV tests and to accommodate new HIV diagnoses? What is the HIV-related training or experience of most HIV care providers (Medical Doctor, Nurse Practitioner, Physician's Assistant, Registered Nurse)? What are the impediments to professionals entering into, or continuing to provide, AIDS care? Are there adequate financial or professional incentives to promote HIV/AIDS as a specialty among the health care professions? What policies inhibit or enhance the movement of health care professions into HIV/AIDS specialties?

15 IOM charge, contd 3) What federal, state, private insurance policies/practices inhibit entry into or continuous and sustained clinical care for individuals who test HIVpositive? How can federal and state agencies provide more integrated HIV care services? Will insurance companies and other payers pay for the treatment of an HIV-infected person who tests positive in this theoretical new, expanded testing program, but whose CD4+ T cell count and or viral load does not fall within the official guidelines of starting antiretroviral therapies? What are federal and state agency policies in funding HIV medication adherence programs? What HIV medication adherence programs work?