(Elasticity) (Toughness) (Abrasion resistance), )

Transcription

1 (Elasticity) (Toughness) (Abrasion resistance), )

2 7 (Rubber Blend) (Ethylene-Propylene Diene Rubber, EPDM) (ethylene) (propylene) (EPM) 60-70% H 3 C CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH CH 3 CH 3 Ethylene unit Propylene unit 2.1

3 8 (EPM) ( ) (EPDM) (EPDM) 45-85% 40-80% ) 50-70% 3-11% 3 Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), Ethylidene norbornene (ENB) 1,4- Hexadiene (1,4 HD) ENB 1,4 HD ENB DCPD

4 9 CH 3 CH 3 H 2 C Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) Ethylidene Norbomene 2.2 Trans-1,4-Hexadiene (HX 1,4 HD) (Green strength) (Mooney viscosity) 3 - (Low-medium viscosity) C (Medium-high viscosity) C (Very high viscosity) C g/cm³ -60 C 2.1

5 EPM, 2548) (/ C) 2.2 x 10-4 (cal/g C) 0.52 (cm 2 / s) 9.2 x 10-4 (cal/cm.s. C) 8.5 x 10-4 (ohm.cm) 5-10 x Dieletric strength (kv/mm) (Elasticity) (Tensile strength) (Random) (Tear strength) Compression set Compression set ENB Compression set Compression set (Dynamic properties) (SBR)

6 11 (Aging properties) (Oil and chemical resistance) (Aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents) (Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents) (Insulation) 2.1 (Low temperature flexibility) (Service temperature) -40 C 150 C

7 % (Synergistic effect) 0.8 phr Calcined clay CaCO 3

8 13 Calcined clay Hard clay , IR, SBR BR 30% (Thermo plastic elastomer, TPE) (Impact resistance)

9 (Reclaim rubber) (Crosslink) Crosslink ) Digester Digester (NaOH) (Organic accelerator) Neutral process Digester (1.)

10 15 Digester (Cracker) (Fluted) ( ) (2.) Digester Digester ( ) Digester C 400 ( ) F (Two roll mill) Mill (Blending) 5-6

11 16 Refiner (Crown) :1 Tailings (Strainer) Refiner Tailing Tailing 1 15

12 2.3 Digester process, 2528) 17

13 18 2.) Heater process Pan process Digester process Hammer mill Condux disc type machine Emulsified oil Autoclave 150 ) Breaker Refining Pan process SBR

14 2.4 Heater Pan process (, 2528) 19

15 20 3.) Reclaimator process Reclaimator machine Reclaimator Cracker Cracker Cracker Hammer mill Reel beater ) 30 Air floation Reclaimator (Barrel) (550 0 F) 3-6 Reclaimator Reclaimator (Mineral filler) Strainer extruder Refiner

16 2.5 Reclaimator process (, 2528) 21

17 (Polymer Blend) Polymer blend Polyblend ) 2.)

18 23 3.) macro) 4.) Blender Wax Factice Pre-blend (Two roll mill) 2 ( ) Friction ratio 2 (Nip)

19 ( ) (masterbatch) (Internal mixer)

20 ) (Banbury mixer) Non-interlocking Non-intermeshing 2.8, 2550)

21 26 2.) (Intermix mixer) Intermeshing 2.9 (, 2550) 3.) Kneader Dispersion mixer Two blades ( ) - - -

22 27 - ( ) (Conventional mixing Right side up mixing) (Upside down mixing) ( )

23 (Late oil addition mixing) (Sandwich mixing)

24 (compound rubber) - - ( ) (Vulcanizing agent) (Crosslink)

25 30 Crosslink Crosslink Crosslink (Bloom) (Accelerator) Crosslink (Activator) (ZnO) (Stearic acid)

26 (Filler) - (Non-reinforceing filler) - - (Extrude) (Processing aid) (Oil) (Peptizer) (nerve) Factice

27 (Antioxidant & Antiozonant) IPPD (N-Isopropyl-N -phenyl-p-phenylene diamene) BHT (2,6-Di-tert butyl (-pcresol)) (Pigment) Cadmium sulphide ) Chromium oxide ) Titanium dioxide ( ) (Retarder) (Scorch) Benzoic acid Salicyclic acid (Blowing agent) Sodium bicarbonate Dinitrosopentamethylene tetramine

28 (Density) (Specific gravity) (Relative density) ( ) (. S.G.)... Density gravitometer Relative balance

29 (Mooney viscometer) ± ±0.5 C 125 C (Preheat time) ± ±0.03

30 35 Mooney unit (MU) 2.2 ASTM D1646 ( C) ( ) 1 ) NR,BR,CR,IR,NBR,SBR 100± EPDM,EPM 125± IIR,BIIR,CIIR 100± ± ML1+4(100 C) 50 M Mooney L (large) S (small) 1 (preheat time) C

31 (Cure characteristics) 3 1) (Mooney viscometer)

32 C 140 C 2.12 ( ) ( 2.12 ) - (Minimum mooney viscosity, Vmin) T5 T3 (Mooney scorch time) T35 T18

33 38 - (Cure index) : Cure index = T35 T5 : Cure index = T18 T3 (rheometer) 2) (Oscillating disk rheometer, ODR) ODR (Biconical shape) 2.13

34 39 - (1 3 ) 100 (Cure curve) ODR 3 - (Induction) ML - (Curing) ( )

35 40 (Scorch time) ts 1 (ML) 1 - (dn.m) ts ts2 MH (Curing time) Tx x (ML) (MH) T % T90 = ML + (90(MH ML) / 100) T90 (Optimum curing time) (Cure rate index, CRI) CRI = 100 / ( ) - (Over cure) 2 ( ) ( ) 2

36 41 plateau marching reversion 3) (Moving die rheometer, MDR) MDR ODR MDR - ODR MDR (Testing of vulcanized rubbers) (Hardness test) (Indentor) (Depth of penetration) 2 (Durometer) (Shore A) (Shore D) IRHD (International Rubber Hardness Degree) IRHD ASTM D (Lateral dimensions) 12

37 IRHD ASTM D Micro IRHD instrument IRHD (Testing of Tensile Properties) (Tensile strength) (Elongation at break) (Modulus) ASTM D412 ISO 37 Universal testing machine Tensile testing machine 2±0.2 (Single impact stroke)

38 43 ASTM D = F / A F A - (%) = 100 x ( L L0 ) / L0 L L ASTM D412

39 (Compression set) (Degree of recovery) (Spacer bars) 25% 30 (C) C = ((t 0 t f ) / (t 0 t n )) x 100 t n T 0 T f (Testing of Heat Resistance)

40 45 ASTM D572 D573 D865 ISO Punnarak, Panu, Tantayanon, Supawan and Tangpasuthadol, Varawut (2006) (Reclaimed tire RTR) (High density polyethylene HDPE) (Valcanization) (Sulphur) (Peroxide) 50/50 RTR/HDPE (Impact strength) RTR 50 (Carbon black) (Tensile strength) 3 (Solvent swelling) (Glass transition temperature) (Viscosity) RTR/HDPE (Scanning electron microscopy SEM) Onyshchenko, E.and Bartlett (2006) De-Link Sekhar-Kormer-Sotnikova

41 46 (Tensile Strength) (Elongation at break) (Tearing energy) (Crumb rubber) (Hardness) (Repeated recycling) (Modulus) (Elongation) 100% 200% 300% 400% Scorch time (Compression set) (Rebound resilience) (Swelling measurement) (Sol fraction) De-link Process 30% Rajan, V. V. et al. (2006) (Cured rubber) (latex) 15% (vulcanized rubber)

42 47,, (2548) 0-50 phr 80/20 40 phr MPa 1, N.mm/mm 3