X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer. for Athena
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1 X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer for Athena J.W. den Herder (SRON) 1
2 Ne Mg Si Sound waves Ghost Cavities S 0.1 Ar 0.01 Inner Cavities Flux (Counts s-1 kev-1) 1 O Ca Athena XMS 50 ksec Line Broadening: 200±18 km/s (90% confidence) Energy (kev) 5 2
3 Chandra ç è Athena ç è ASTRO-H (how to combine strength of Chandra and ASTRO-H) CHANDRA ACIS ATHENA XMS ASTRO-H SXS 3
4 XMS (SRON) listed in Table 4.2. TES based read out of calorimeter 32 x 32 pixels Tsink 45 mk Time Domain Multiplexing Energy range PARAMETER Energy resolution E < 7 kev E > 7 kev Energy scale stability Continuous observing time 2 x 2 arcmin REQUIREMENT 2 x 10-2 counts/cm 2 /kev/s 4
5 Calorimeter senses temperature change due to absorption of a photon using a TES. Read-out by Time Domain Multiplexing (one pixel after the other) Anti-coincidence detector to reject charged particle! 5
6 thermal isolation of these tempera- X-ray calorimeter c Demonstrated performance on 2 x 8 array < 3 ev Production of arrays in GSFC, SRON Production of TES: GSFC, SRON, Spain Production SQUIDs: NIST, VTT, PTB Main feature X416FLM Input inductance LIn 5 nh Nominal SQUID inductance L 140 ph Input referred current noise S I 3.7 pa/ Hz Input coupling 1/MIn 17.5 µa /Φ0 Input current range Ι In,max ±1.5 µa Dynamic range Ι In,max/ S Ι ± Hz (per channel) Bias Power 2 nw (per column) IBias,TES IFb IAdd1 IAdd2 IAdd3 IAdd4 +F -INR1 -F +IN1 -V +R1 +V -INR2 -S1 +IN2 +S1 +R2 -S2 -INR3 +S2 +IN3 -S3 +R3 +S3 -INR4 -S4 +IN4 +S4 +R4 TES1 TES2 K 1 K 2 6 Athena: revealing the hot and extreme Universe, from black holescoolers to large scale structures For the spectral resolution it is required that the se different cooling techniques it is possible to achiev ing the instrument lifetime by cryogenic consuma
7 Focal plane assembly Sensor at 50 mk Multiplexed readout Suppression of magnetic fields X-ray entrance Cryoperm 4K Filter Thermal TES sensor Niobium 1 st stage Thermal insulating Electrical signal 7
8 Cooling chain XMS Athena TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT STATUS Doc. no. : SRON-XMS-RP Issue : 1.1 Date : 30 September 2011 Cat : Page : 57 of 74 Cooling to 4 K ASTRO-H type cooing chain (2-stage Stirling coolers ST + 4He Joule Thomson coolers) Technology in Europe at same level Cooling to 50 mk 3 stage ADR (Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator) or Combination of ADR/Sorption 8 Figure 6-11 The 3-stage ADR integrated in the Athena dewar, X-rays enter from the top and the focal plane assembly and last stage cooler are explicitly shown. As the JT cold heads are positioned asymmetric it is difficult to see that there is no mechanical conflict.
9 European contributions to the cooling chain! Sorption/ADR CEA/Grenoble 2K JT RAL 10 K Stirling Astrium UK/RAL But other solutions also feasible eventually in combination with Japanese cooling chain including European ADR (MSSL) ESA development model of full cooling chain start in summer
10 Instrument implementation PI, focal plane assembly Netherlands (SRON) Digital/event processing France (IRAP, CEA) Anti-coincidence/instrument control Italy (INAF) Power systems UK (MSSL) Filter wheel Switzerland (UniGe) Aperture cylinder Belgium (CSL) Sensor/front end electronics USA(GSFC/IST) / Spain/NL/UK/FRG Last stage cooler USA(GSFC) / France (CEA) Cooling chain Japan(JAXA) / ESA (UK) Commitments from all parties including Japan. US contribution has to go through open competition. Additional interest expressed in Canada and Poland. 10
11 XMS Detailed design is available Chosen technology has shown the required performance and spatial resolved spectroscopy with high spectral resolution (R 2000) will allow for major advances in high-energy astrophysics Technology available within Europe Development plan defined: experienced partners in Europe identified and a realistic schedule meeting the deliveries to ESA. This includes contributions from the Netherlands, Italy, France, the UK, Spain, Switzerland, Belgium and the FRG. Interest in some other countries to contribute as well (Poland, Canada) Potential contributions from Japan and the US also identified 11
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