Generic virtual power plant (VVP) for optimised μchp operation and integration (ForskEL 7275)

Transcription

1 Generic virtual power plant (VVP) for optimised μchp operation and integration (ForskEL 7275) Chresten Træholt, Shi You, Rasmus Skovmark CET/ELTEK,, project lead, R & D Danfoss, fuel cell manufacturer EC Power, CHP and control system manufacturer Syd Energi, utility partner Fredericia Side 1

2 VPP Outline The frame work of project WPA1, WPA2, WPB1 Concept of VPP Origin Principle/concept Justification? Spec s and requirements Implementation Summary Fredericia Side 2

3 VPP 7275 Start February 1 You Shi, PhD December 31 CET/ELTEK, Ørsted, DTU, project management UPS PowerLabDK CET SYSLab IHK, Ballrup Bornholm micro CHP Fuel cell Photo voltaic Other Emulator? Fredericia Side 3

4 VPP 7275 Project start: October 15, 2007 Project end: December 31, 2010 WPA1: Overall VPP concept development WPA2: Specification of requirements and functions Milestone 1: Requirement specification finished WPA3: Design and implementation of broker WPA4: Design and impl. of control units for µchp WPB1: Laboratory implementation Milestone 2: Laboratory demo. of VPP operating WPB2: Test in lab. WPB3: Evaluation and recommendation Milestone 3: VPP demonstrated and evaluated WPC1: Administration etc. Payments (half yearly) Year 2007 Year 2008 Year 2009 Year Fredericia Side 4

5 VPP Outline The frame work of project WPA1, WPA2, WPB1 Concept of VPP Origin Principle/concept Justification? Spec s and requirements Implementation Summary Fredericia Side 5

6 What is a VPP Framework of Virtual Power Plant (VPP) conceptually established in 1997 by Shimon Awerbuch The Virtual Utility: Accounting, Technology & Competitive Aspects of the Emerging Industry > s Fredericia Side 6

7 Dias nummer 6 s8 He stated that the advance of DER coupled with changes in the electricity industries would result in in the emergence of numerous, smaller and leaner organisations able to take the advantage of the benefits of DER managed in a VPP-like configuration. sy;

8 VPP Outline The frame work of project WPA1, WPA2, WPB1 Concept of VPP Origin Principle/concept Justification? Spec s and requirements Implementation Summary Fredericia Side 7

9 Definition of VPP VPP is a business role which aggregates a number of DER (DG & controllable loads) units trough ICT (information and communication technology). It facilitates DER trading in the wholesale market (e.g. the power exchange and forward markets), and can provide ancillary services to the power system operation (e.g. various types of reserve, frequency and voltage regulation and so on) as well as to the individual DER units (e.g. access to forecasting tools etc.). The strategy of a VPP may in the extreme case be either based on Central control or Fully distributed control Fredericia Side 8

10 Characteristics of VPP Enhance the visibility of DER Provide suitable interface to local components Activate distributed control strategies Address the optimal use of available production (±) capacity Provide concerted control of minor and potentially geographically distributed RES Establish the interactions with the (primary) energy market Fredericia Side 9

11 VPP Outline The frame work of project WPA1, WPA2, WPB1 Concept of VPP Origin Principle/concept Justification? Spec s and requirements Implementation Summary Fredericia Side 10

12 Do we need VPP? ---- Perhaps! Many DGs are invisible s11 Many DGs lack a coordinated control s12 Many DGs have no or have unfavorable access to the electricity market Many DGs simply work as stand-alone s14 s13 Not an optimal solution! Fredericia Side 11

13 Dias nummer 11 s11 s12 s13 s14 they displace the energy produced by centralised generation, while it cant displace the capacity. Therefore, although the total capacity of the DG is increasing sharply, the centralised generation are retained to work. sy; They cant make contributions to the power system when security activities are required. They cant provide value-added services e.g. power balancing, voltage regulation. to enhance the flexibility and realibility of power system. sy; The ultimate market for micro-chp is estimated at million installations, and the impact of such numbers are in terms of 12-22Gw generating capacity for electricity. However, for a single micro-chp, it will never be able to play in the electricity market, unless the market is completely liberised. sy; There are no information linkages between the DG units, which make the cooperation become impossbile. This also lower the benefits brought by DG. sy;

14 Do we need VPP? ---- Perhaps! s Fredericia Side 12

15 Dias nummer 12 s9 DE (Decentralized Energy) is often used interchangeably with DG, althoguh sometimes DG refers to power only whereas DE includes thermal energy and electricial power. The figure is a world survey of decentralized energy share taken by World Alliance of Decentralized Energy in sy;

16 VPP Outline The frame work of project WPA1, WPA2, WPB1 Concept of VPP Origin Principle/concept Justification? Spec s and requirements Implementation Summary Fredericia Side 13

17 Elements and conditions Physical grid A primary energy infrastructure Communication and information network, standards, IEC Distributed clients/consumers/producers Brokers/intelligent agents TSO/DSO Other configurations, e.g. microgrids, sub-vpp.. s19 Market Legislation, s18 tax, grid codes Services Forecasting Fredericia Side 14

18 Dias nummer 14 s18 s19 The generic framework of VPP is based on service oriented architecture. Services like forecasting, security guarantee and data logging etc. are offered by VPP to increase its attractiveness. Forecasting of production planning based on the submitted information by DG clients (owner of several or more DG units) and other data information such as weather information which is relating to wind power generation will enhance the functionality of a VPP. Security issues like criminal attacks, information availability, and system recovery after internet breakdowns and so on are also taken into account to guarantee the normal operation of a VPP. Creating and maintaining the log file for each DG units in real time should be another service offered by VPP for operation monitoring and data tracing when it s required. Software technology is thereby highly required with the purpose of fulfilling these functions of a VPP sy; microgrids focus on a local cluster of distributed generators which offer higher reliability for local loads with intentional islanding in case of losing the connection to the main grid.so microgrid can be assimilated to a local area network(lan). while the vpp operates the dispatchable DG network as a world area network(wan). In such case, the microgrid can be an individual component of VPP. The layout of VPP can be both horizontially and vertically which meas there could be sub-vpps within each VPP. Cooperation or Competation between each VPPs is driven by the energy market. sy;

19 Constraints of VPP Transmission capacity, physical grid and energy infrastructure Communication and information amount/speed and protocols/standards Local optimisation of distributed clients/consumer/producers Global optimisation, broker TSO/DSO Market, control mechanism, price signal availability Fault ride through and communication breach Generic in hardwiring but partly application specific, eg. μchp, windturbine, V2G Legislation Perspective entrance barrier cost & large size (potentially short lived?) small size, liberal market => expanded services and forecasting Fredericia Side 15

20 Topology of a VPP Fredericia Side 16

21 VPP Outline The frame work of project WPA1, WPA2, WPB1 Concept of VPP Origin Principle/concept Justification? Spec s and requirements Implementation Summary Fredericia Side 17

22 Equipment - implementation 2 x SenerTec, internal combustion, 5.5/10 kw 1 x EC Power 13/29.5 kw 100 x Fuel cells, Danfoss 2 x Brodersen RTU32, Windows CE 5.0, IEC61850 Complete chain of hardwiring Emulation Fredericia Side 18

23 Emulator Evaluate External Environment Hour Slot Internal Environment Fredericia Side 19

24 CHP Emulator Fredericia Side 20

25 Summary IEC61850 Emulator Fredericia Side 21

26 Questions? Fredericia Side 22

27 Why do we need VPP? s Fredericia Side 23

28 Dias nummer 23 s7 (this pic is from an article named'the Voltage Control On MV Distribution Networks with Aggreated DG units') Different integration level of DG units can lead to different economic relationship. No aggregation-simple aggregation-vpp No aggregation: DG untis with large capacity can get access to the electricity market, but not small ones. Simple aggregation:a combination of several DG untis can smooth the curve of output and reduce the risk of imbalance penalties.eg. cooperation of wind farm and CHP plants. A virtual powerpalnt:an aggregration of different type generation units. A diversified portfolio of generators within VPP may have extra benefits through reducing the risk of imbalance. Small DG units are then able to get access to the market.dsm is also possible to become a part of VPP.The possible increase of reliablilty and flexiblity of power system are thereby achieved. sy;