CARDIAC RISKS OF NON CARDIAC SURGERY
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1 CARDIAC RISKS OF NON CARDIAC SURGERY N E W S T U D I E S & N E W G U I D E L I N E S W. B. C A L H O U N, M D, F A C C
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5 2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing non cardiac surgery.
6 DEFINITIONS OF URGENCY / RISK EMERGENCY Life or limb threatened <6 hours. URGENT Time for limited evaluation 6 to 24 hours. TIME SEMSITIVE Could be delayed up to one year.
7 DEFINITIONS OF URGENCY / RISK ELECTIVE Could be delayed up to one year. LOW RISK MACE Major adverse cardiac event of death / MI is <1%. ELEVATED RISK - >1%
8 RISK FACTORS Coronary Artery Disease Timing of Surgery Post Operative MI 0-30 Days 32.8% Days 18.7% Days 8.4% Days 5.9%
9 SUMMARY Greater than 60 days should elapse after MI before non cardiac surgery. MI within 6 months of surgery found to be independent risk factor for stroke.
10 HEART FAILURE Old Criteria 3 rd Heart sound and jugular venous distension. 30 day mortality & readmission rate in HF patients undergoing non cardiac surgery was 50 to 100% higher.
11 Patients with HF and preserved EF had lower all cause mortality rate than those with reduced EF. Cut off was EF <40%. Diastolic dysfunction associated with higher rate of MACE.
12 ORIGINAL CARDIAC RISK INDEX Severe aortic stenosis associated with perioperative mortality rate of 13%. Has improved with anesthetic / surgical advances.
13 VALVULAR HEART DISEASE Regurgitation better tolerated than stenosis. Class I recommendation that patients with moderate or greater regurgitation undergo echo if over 1 year or clinical change.
14 CALCULATION OF RISK ARDIACARREST
15 FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY >4 METS Climbing a flight of stairs or walking up a hill, walking on level ground at 4 mph. > 10 METS - Reasonable to forgo further testing.
16 From: 2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(22):e77-e137. doi: /j.jacc Table Title: Duke Activity Status Index Date of download: 3/23/2015 Copyright The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
17 From: 2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(22):e77-e137. doi: /j.jacc Date of download: 3/23/2015 Copyright The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
18 From: 2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(22):e77-e137. doi: /j.jacc Table Title: Summary of Recommendations for Supplemental Preoperative Evaluation Date of download: 3/23/2015 Copyright The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
19 For patients with elevated risk and poor (<4 METS) it is reasonable to perform stress imaging if it will change management.
20 PERIOPERATIVE B-BLOCKERS POISE (Perioperative Ischemic Evaluation) If well tolerated Continue. Consistent & clear associations exist between B-Blockers administration and adverse outcomes. Bradycardia & Stroke
21 STATINS AND ACE INHIBITORS Continue them.
22 ANTIPLATELET AGENTS Risk of stent thrombosis in the perioperative period for both BMS and DES is highest in first 4-6 weeks after stent implantation. May be at a stable level by 6 months after DES implantation.
23 From: 2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(22):e77-e137. doi: /j.jacc Figure Legend: Algorithm for Antiplatelet Management in Patients With PCI and Noncardiac Surgery Colors correspond to the Classes of Recommendations in Table 1. *Assuming patient is currently on DAPT. ASA indicates aspirin; ASAP, as soon as possible; BMS, bare-metal stent; DAPT, dual antiplatelet therapy; DES, drug-eluting stent; and PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention. Date of download: 3/23/2015 Copyright The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
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