Autumn Conference and Awards Where there s water there s Life+

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From this document you will learn the answers to the following questions:

  • Where is the source of the Irfon?

  • What type of damage did the Wye salmon fishery have in the 1930s?

  • What happened in the 1980s and 1990s?

Transcription

1 Autumn Conference and Awards 2011 Where there s water there s Life+

2 Session 1 Life+ in the River Irfon Chaired by: Ian Gregg Chairman - The Rivers Trust

3 Peter Gough Senior Technical Specialist Environment Agency Wales

4 The Fish Peter Gough, Sophie Gott and Jeremy Tanner Rivers Trust Conference, The Irfon Special Area of Conservation project

5 Structure of talk Early assessments of the Irfon Acidification Recent status of river Current and ongoing recovery? Acidification assessments Current status of fish populations The Irfon LIFE+ surveys

6 Early assessments of Irfon 1861 Salmon Commissioners report in the Eifon there is very good spawning ground.then there are the Commarch and Dalas 1913 Board of Agriculture & Fisheries (Masterman, 1913) Comparative study of salmon parr in Irfon, Ithon and upper Wye Irfon parr shown in a distinctly favourable light in terms of growth 1931 The Fish Food of the Wye (Masterman, 1931). Above Llanwyrtyd the Irfon is an ideal salmon spawning stream 1932 The Spawning Grounds of the Wye (Hutton, 1932) Irfon has very good tributaries but there is far more rock and the possibilities are not quite so good however the food supplies are better. three of its tributaries, the Garth Dulas, the Cammarch and the South Dulas noted to be excellent little spawning brooks. 1975/6/7 (Craig Goch) and 1984 (WSFOA) Important fish surveys, however they excluded the upper Irfon

7 The Irfon catchment Llandrindod Abergwesyn Beulah Cilmery Builth Garth Llanwrtyd Llangammarch IRFON:- stream length 115km catchment area 289km 2 about 5% of Wye catchment accessible to migratory fish 70%

8 Upper Irfon

9 Clochiad tributary near Abergwesyn

10 Irfon near Llangammarch

11 1. Lower river, more-intensive arable Upland grazing with riparian woodland 3. Base-poor upland grazing and conifer forestry, vulnerable to surface water acidification Source: Ormerod, 2009

12 Acid status of Irfon No suggestion of environmental damage in 1930s Wye salmon fishery at maximum productivity in 1960 s and 1970 s

13 Number Performance of Wye salmon rod fishery Declared salmon rod catch, River Wye

14 Acid status of Irfon No reports of environmental damage in 1930s Wye salmon fishery at maximum productivity in 1960 s and 1970 s Consumption of fossil fuels in Europe doubles Afforestation in mid-wales, mainly 1930s 1950s First hint at ecological damage in early 1970s (eg Craig Goch surveys in upper Wye) Extent of acidification damage mapped in 1980s and early 1990s Confirms absence of fish in Irfon upstream of Llanwrtyd (about 1.2% of Wye catchment affected) and significant impact on macroinvertebrates Smolt production in about 20% of Irfon catchment lost Conjectural importance for spring salmon

15 Results of Emission Control Policy: Source: Helliwell et al, 2011

16 Time series of annual total UK emissions of SO 2, NO x and NH SO 2 & NO x emissions kt yr NH 3 emissions kt yr -1 SO 2 NH NO x Years % of 1970 values SO2 NOx % of 1990 value NH Source: National Atmospheric Emission Inventory Statistics (taken from Reynolds, 2009)

17 Spatial distribution of total acid deposition to Wales (keq ha -1 yr -1 ) Source: Reynolds, 2009

18 2010 WFD GB Irfon - source to cf Gwesyn GB Afon Gwesyn GB Afon Cammarch GB Garth Dulas Irfon Overall Status High Good Moderate Poor Bad GB Chwefru GB R Irfon cf Gwesyn to cf Cledan GB Cledan GB R Irfon - cf Tirabad Dulas to cf Wye GB Irfon cf Cledan to cf Tirbad Dulas GB Tirabad Dulas

19 2010 WFD GB Irfon - source to cf Gwesyn GB Afon Gwesyn GB Afon Cammarch GB Garth Dulas Irfon fish Status High Good Moderate Poor Bad GB Chwefru GB R Irfon cf Gwesyn to cf Cledan GB Cledan GB R Irfon - cf Tirabad Dulas to cf Wye GB Irfon cf Cledan to cf Tirbad Dulas GB Tirabad Dulas

20 2010 WFD GB Irfon - source to cf Gwesyn GB Afon Gwesyn GB Afon Cammarch GB Garth Dulas Irfon Inverts Status High Good Moderate Poor Bad GB Chwefru GB R Irfon cf Gwesyn to cf Cledan GB Cledan GB R Irfon - cf Tirabad Dulas to cf Wye GB Irfon cf Cledan to cf Tirbad Dulas GB Tirabad Dulas Upper Irfon appears Good for inverts, however the standard WFD classification tool appears not to pick up that pressure. A different acid invert tool exists which will be applied.

21 2010 WFD GB Irfon - source to cf Gwesyn GB Afon Gwesyn GB Afon Cammarch GB Garth Dulas Irfon ph Status High Good Moderate Poor Bad GB Chwefru GB R Irfon cf Gwesyn to cf Cledan GB Cledan GB R Irfon - cf Tirabad Dulas to cf Wye GB Irfon cf Cledan to cf Tirbad Dulas GB Tirabad Dulas Note Gwesyn not monitored and incorrectly grouped with lower Irfon WB. Needs to be grouped with upper Irfon to reflect acidification pressure.

22 Current position Irfon WFD assessment (2010):- 10 water bodies 8 fail to achieve GES 5 failures for fish 4 failures for invertebrates 3 failures for copper 2 failures for ph

23 Minimum ph Minimum ph How long might episodes limit biota? 6 CI Moorland Year 6 LI Forest (best case) Year Source: Ormerod, 2009

24 The current position ISAC fish surveys (after 2010 WFD assessments) Good opportunity for full catchment assessment Large number of survey sites:- Salmonid/bullhead 70 sites Semi-quantitative electrofishing Presence/absence surveys in larger reaches Lamprey additional 29 sites Specific electrofishing survey technique

25 Salmon Llandrindod Abergwesyn Beulah Cilmery Builth Abergwesyn Beulah Cilmery Builth Garth Garth Llanwrtyd Llangammarch Llanwrtyd Llangammarch Legend Salmon Fry Classification A B C D E F Salmon Fry Presence Absence Absent Present

26 Trout 0+ Bullhead Llandrindod Abergwesyn Beulah Cilmery Builth Abergwesyn Beulah Cilmery Builth Garth Garth Llanwrtyd Llangammarch Llanwrtyd Llangammarch Legend Trout Fry Classification A B C D Legend Bullhead Presence Absence Absent E F Present Trout Fry Presence Absence Absent Present

27 Lamprey (river/brook) Sea lamprey Llandrindod Abergwesyn Beulah Cilmery Builth Abergwesyn Beulah Cilmery Builth Garth Garth Llanwrtyd Llangammarch Llanwrtyd Llangammarch Legend River/Brook Lamprey Presence Absence Absence Presence

28 Salmon absence (2010) Llandrindod W039o W039m W039n W039k W158b W156a W095m W039i W115j W123 W165g W037 W009g Abergwesyn Beulah Cilmery Builth W162 W161a W163 W103c Llanwrtyd W165b Garth Llangammarch Legend Salmon Absence 2010

29 Recolonisation by salmon 2011 UPDATE Salmon now further up the Irfon Waterfall impassable to salmon More sites with salmon fry upstream of Gwesyn First parr found upstream of Gwesyn First record of juvenile salmon on main Irfon upstream of Abergwesyn First record of juvenille salmon on Gwesyn Gwesyn continues to improve Salmon fry found in Ryd Goch Abergwesyn First records of juvenile salmon Record of juvenile salmon in 1993 Beulah Record of juvenile salmon in 1993 Garth Regular but poor numbers of salmon caught since 1986 Llangammarch Llanwrtyd

30 Irfon recovered? Chemical recovery is underway The rate and extent varies spatially throughout Wales depending on site conditions and deposition Evidence that episodes of adverse chemical conditions are still occurring, but their severity is becoming less ( ). Episodes are still sufficient to inhibit and slow biological recovery Source: Reynolds, B.R., Hall, J., Durance, I. & Ormerod, S. J. (report in draft) But

31 ISAC fish surveys - conclusions Further evidence that recovery of fish populations is ongoing in Irfon catchment Salmon fry and parr increasing distribution and frequency of occurrence Bullhead and brook lamprey widespread but slower to recover? Sea lamprey distribution limited to lower river Boundary of impact of acidification on salmonids has moved north and is now upstream of Gwesyn confluence Likely to move further, imminently, by 5km (to impassable falls) Fish currently absent upstream Scope to increase rate of recovery of Irfon and reduce impact of episodes through LIFE+ project Evidence of response to liming in upper Wye and Tarenig Areas for further attention within LIFE+ project: Irfon u/s Devils Staircase (impassable falls, no fish upstream) Upper Cammarch (no brook lamprey) Upper Garth Dulas (no bullhead) 2 further years of monitoring to look at responses to liming Eel none found!

32 Autumn Conference and Awards 2011 Where there s water there s Life+

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