ORIGINAL ARTICLE HEPATOBILIARY TUMORS. Ann Surg Oncol (2014) 21: DOI /s
|
|
- Regina Rodgers
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Ann Surg Oncol (2014) 21: DOI /s ORIGINAL ARTICLE HEPATOBILIARY TUMORS Early Recurrence After Liver Resection for Colorectal Metastases: Risk Factors, Prognosis, and Treatment. A LiverMetSurvey-Based Study of 6,025 Patients Luca Viganò, MD 1, Lorenzo Capussotti, MD 1,Réal Lapointe, MD, FCRSC 2, Eduardo Barroso, MD 3, Catherine Hubert, MD 4, Felice Giuliante, MD 5, Jan N. M. Ijzermans, MD, PhD 6, Darius F. Mirza, MD, FRCS 7, Dominique Elias, MD, PhD 8, and René Adam, MD, PhD 9 1 Department of HPB and Digestive Surgery, Ospedale Mauriziano Umberto I, Turin, Italy; 2 Department of Surgery, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Division, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; 3 Department of HPB Surgery and Transplantation, Curry Cabral Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal; 4 Unit of HPB Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; 5 Department of Surgery, Hepatobiliary Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy; 6 Department of Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; 7 Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK; 8 Department of Surgery, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; 9 Centre Hépato-Biliaire, AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France ABSTRACT Purpose. The aims of this study were to assess the risk of early recurrence after liver resection for colorectal metastases (CRLM) and its prognostic value; identify early recurrence predictive factors; clarify the effect of perioperative chemotherapy on its occurrence; and elucidate the best early recurrence management. Methods. Patients of the LiverMetSurvey registry who underwent complete liver resection (R0/R1) between 1998 and 2009 were reviewed. Early recurrence was defined as any recurrence that occurred within 6 months after resection. Results. A total of 6,025 patients were included; 2,734 (45.4 %) had recurrence, including 639 (10.6 %) early recurrences. Early recurrence was mainly hepatic (59.5 vs % for late recurrences; p = 0.023). Independent risk factors of early recurrence were: T3 4 primary tumor (p = ); synchronous CRLM (p = ); [3 CRLM (p \ ); 0-mm margin liver resection (p = 0.003); and associated intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (p = ). Response to preoperative chemotherapy (complete/partial) and administration of adjuvant Ó Society of Surgical Oncology 2013 First Received: 22 July 2013; Published Online: 18 December 2013 L. Viganò, MD lvigano@ymail.com chemotherapy reduced early recurrence risk (p = and p \ , respectively). Intraoperative ultrasonography reduced hepatic early recurrence rate (p = 0.025). Early recurrence negatively affected prognosis: 5-year survival 26.9 versus 49.4 % for the late recurrence group (p \ , median follow-up 34.4 months). Overall, 234 (36.6 %) patients with early recurrence underwent reresection. These patients had survival rates higher than non-re-resected patients (5-year survival 47.2 vs. 8.9 %; p \ ) and similar to re-resected patients for late recurrence (48.7 %). Chemotherapy before early recurrence resection improved later survival (5-year survival 61.5 vs %; p = 0.028). Conclusions. Early recurrence risk is enhanced for extensive disease after poor preoperative disease control and inadequate surgical treatment, but is reduced after adjuvant chemotherapy. Although early recurrence negatively affects prognosis, re-resection may restore better survival. Chemotherapy before early recurrence resection is advocated. Liver resection is the gold-standard treatment for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Combined with chemotherapy, complete resection achieves 5-year survival rates of up to 60 %. 1 5 Despite these excellent results, recurrence-free survival rates are lower and many surviving patients experience recurrence. 6 9 Approximately 60 % of patients will develop recurrence during follow-up, the majority within the first
2 Recurrence After Colorectal Metastases Resection years. 6 Aggressive treatment of recurrence, including chemotherapy and re-resection when feasible, has been adopted worldwide for both hepatic and extrahepatic disease in selected patients Survival results after recurrence resection are similar to those after the first hepatectomy provided that complete resection is performed The benefit of surgery may be questioned in patients with early recurrence after liver resection. To date, management of early recurrences is not well-defined, and questions of whether re-resection should be performed and whether preoperative chemotherapy should be added are open for discussion. 13,14 The aims of the present study were to depict the incidence of early recurrence and analyze the outcome of patients with early recurrence in a large, multicentric setting; to identify predictive factors of early recurrence; and to evaluate the outcome of re-resection of early recurrence, either with or without preoperative chemotherapy. METHODS Data Collection LiverMetSurvey (LMS; is a prospective international registry of patients undergoing surgery for CRLM. The registry characteristics have been reported previously. 15 In brief, data concerning the characteristics of the primary tumor and metastases, liver resection, perioperative treatments, recurrence, and survival are entered into the registry, using a standardized questionnaire completed online. Data about recurrence include its site, date of appearance, and treatment. Data quality control is assessed by online queries and offline requests. Follow-up data are updated online by each center, with a global review by the data manager every 6 months. Study Design Patients undergoing liver resection between January 1998 and June 2009 were included. A minimum follow-up of 6 months was mandatory for all patients. Patients with a follow-up \6 months, or with an incomplete resection (R2 resection) or a two-stage hepatectomy were excluded from the present analysis. Patients with operative mortality (noncancer-related 90-day mortality) were also excluded. Follow-up was updated to 31 December Parameters Studied In 2006, Takahashi et al. 16 showed that time to recurrence after liver resection for CRLM correlates with prognosis and that patients with disease recurrence within 6 months after liver resection have the poorest outcome. According to these data, early recurrence was defined as any recurrence occurring within 6 months after liver resection. The same time interval was adopted by Malik et al. 13 in their study about early recurrences after liver resection for CRLM. Patient characteristics and details of surgical treatment and perioperative chemotherapy were analyzed to identify predictive factors of early recurrence. Primary tumor was staged according to the 6th edition of the TNM staging system for colorectal cancer 17. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) value and the characteristics of metastases, including number and diameter, were registered at the time of diagnosis. Synchronous metastases were defined as liver metastases diagnosed before colorectal resection or at the time of surgery. Response to chemotherapy was classified according to WHO criteria, 18 which present an absolute agreement with RECIST criteria. 19 In case of multiple chemotherapy lines, the response to the last regimen was considered. Overall survival (OS) for early and late recurrence groups were computed and compared. The OS after early recurrence resection was analyzed and compared with the OS of untreated early recurrences and the OS after resection of late recurrences. The analyses of OS after recurrence only included patients with at least a 6-month follow-up after recurrence. Statistical Analysis Categorical variables were compared using the v 2 test. A multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model to identify independent factors associated with early recurrence. The Kaplan Meier method was used to estimate survival probabilities, which were compared using the Log-rank test. A multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazard model to identify independent prognostic factors of OS after early recurrence resection. A p value B 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Multivariate analysis was completed for factors with a p value B 0.10 upon univariate analysis. RESULTS As of December 2011, 16,779 patients have been registered in the LMS database by 235 centers in 63 countries. The present study included 6,025 patients who had onestage liver resection between January 1998 and June 2009, complete surgery, and no 90-day mortality. Patient Characteristics and Chemotherapy Details Among the 6,025 patients, CRLM were synchronous to the primary tumor in 3,015 (50.0 %) patients; [3 metastases
3 1278 L. Viganò et al. (synchronous or metachronous) were noted in 1,046 (17.4 %) patients, and metastases [50 mm were observed in 1,103 (18.3 %) patients. Associated extrahepatic disease was present in 417 (6.9 %) patients, and was pulmonary in one-third of patients (n = 139). Preoperative staging included hepatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 37.8 % of patients, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET CT) in 35.2 % of patients. A total of 4,682 patients (77.7 %) had intraoperative hepatic ultrasonography (IOUS). In total, 2,249 (37.3 %) patients had chemotherapy before liver resection. Of these, chemotherapy was conversion type in 587 initially unresectable patients. The last chemotherapy regimen included oxaliplatin in 1,086 (48.3 %) patients, irinotecan in 546 (24.3 %) patients, and both agents in 134 (6.0 %) patients. Bevacizumab was administered in 382 (17.0 %) patients and cetuximab was administered in 127 (5.6 %) patients. Preoperative chemotherapy included [6 cycles in 829 (36.9 %) patients, and at least two lines in 331 (14.7 %) patients. The tumor response to the last chemotherapy line before surgery was complete response (CR) in 75 (3.8 %) patients, partial response (PR) in 1,318 (66.9 %) patients, stable disease (SD) in 435 (22.1 %) patients, and disease progression (PD) in 143 (7.2 %) patients. In all, 2,820 (46.8 %) patients received adjuvant chemotherapy (median 6 cycles). Recurrences Recurrences were noted in 2,734 (45.4 %) patients, including 639 (10.6 %; 23.4 % of recurrences) early recurrences (B6 months after liver resection). Hepatic recurrences were more common in the early recurrence group than in the late recurrence group (59.5 vs %; p = 0.023), while extrahepatic recurrences were more common in the late recurrence group (33.6 vs %; p = 0.003). Hepatic?extrahepatic recurrences were similar in the two groups. Patient Characteristics and Early Recurrence Risk The risk of early recurrence was increased among patients with advanced T stage (T3 4, 11.5 % vs. T0 2, 6.9 %; p = ), node-positive primary tumor (11.8 vs. 8.9 %; p = 0.001), synchronous metastases (13.4 vs. 7.8 %; p \ 0.001), [3 liver deposits (17.1 vs. 9.1 %; p \ ), bilobar lesions (15.0 vs. 8.9 %; p \ ), and CEA value [ 200 ng/dl (16.2 vs %; p = 0.006). Patients resectable at diagnosis had early recurrence in 9.8 % of cases versus 17.4 % of initially unresectable cases (p \ ). Preoperative hepatic MRI and PET-CT did not reduce early recurrence risk (10.7 % if MRI vs % if not; p = not significant; 11.8 % if PET-CT vs % if not; p = not significant). In patients without extrahepatic disease, IOUS lowered the risk of early hepatic recurrence (5.2 vs. 7.2 %; p = 0.025). Considering technical data, early recurrence risk was decreased among patients undergoing anatomic resections (9.6 vs %; p \ ) and increased among patients who had intraoperative radiofrequency ablation associated with resection (18.3 vs. 9.9 %; p \ ), patients with a 0-mm liver resection margin (17.4 vs %; p \ ), and patients requiring perioperative blood transfusions (12.8 vs %; p = 0.026). The results of univariate analysis are summarized in Table 1. Chemotherapy and Early Recurrence Risk The early recurrence rate was not reduced by preoperative chemotherapy overall; however, it was associated with the tumor response to treatment. Early recurrence rate was 5.3 % in patients with CR, 14.2 % in patients with PR, 19.3 % in patients with SD, and 23.1 % in patients with PD (p \ ). The risk of early recurrence was increased among patients with [6 cycles of chemotherapy (20.7 vs %; p \ ) and among those receiving at least two chemotherapy lines (21.5 vs %; p \ ). Chemotherapy regimen and targeted therapies did not affect early recurrence risk. Early recurrence was reduced among patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (9.4 vs %; p \ ). Multivariate Analysis of Factors Associated with Early Recurrence At multivariate analysis (Table 1), the response to preoperative chemotherapy (CR/PR vs. SD/PD) and the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy were independent protective factors against early recurrence [p = 0.003, odds ratio (OR) 0.588; and p \ , OR 0.430, respectively]. Five independent risk factors of early recurrence were identified: T3 4 stage of the primary tumor (p = , OR 2.017); synchronous CRLM (p = , OR 1.579); [3 liver metastases (p \ , OR 1.835); 0-mm margin of liver resection (p = 0.003, OR 1.564); and intraoperative radiofrequency ablation associated with liver resection (p = , OR 1.768). A separate multivariate analysis was performed focusing on patients with hepatic early recurrence (patients with extrahepatic recurrence were excluded). The same independent risk factors were identified. Patient Outcome After a median follow-up of 34.4 months, 3-, 5- and 10-year OS rates were 69.8, 52.3, and 34.8 %, respectively (median survival 65.4 months). Survival was decreased in patients with early recurrence: 5-year OS was 26.9 vs % in the late recurrence group (p \ ; Fig. 1).
4 Recurrence After Colorectal Metastases Resection 1279 TABLE 1 Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with occurrence of early recurrence after resection of colorectal liver metastases Parameter (n) Early recurrence [n (%)] Univariate analysis whole series (n = 6,025) patients with preop CTx (n = 2,249) p value p value OR (95 % CI) p value OR (95 % CI) Patient characteristics Sex Male (3,689) 372 (10.1) NS Female (2,336) 267 (11.4) Age, years [70 (1,530) 137 (9.0) NS NS B70 (4,480) 502 (11.2) Primary tumor characteristics T stage 0 (19) 2 (10.5) T3-4 vs. T ( ) ( ) 1 (90) 4 (4.4) (617) 44 (7.1) 3 (3,465) 395 (11.4) 4 (847) 101 (11.9) N status Negative (1,918) 170 (8.9) NS NS Positive (3,139) 374 (11.8) Rectal tumor Yes (1,998) 225 (11.3) NS No (3,791) 407 (10.7) Liver metastases characteristics Synchronous metastases Yes (3,015) 405 (13.4) \ ( ) NS No (2,982) 234 (7.8) Single metastasis Yes (2,880) 231 (8.0) \ NS NS No (2,937) 384 (13.1) [3 metastases Yes (1,046) 179 (17.1) \ \ ( ) ( ) No (4,771) 436 (9.1) Metastases diameter [ 50 mm Yes (1,103) 125 (11.3) NS No (4,142) 431 (10.4) Metastases diameter [ 100 mm Yes (197) 20 (10.2) NS No (5,048) 536 (10.6) CEA [ 200 ng/dl Yes (253) 41 (16.2) NS NS No (3,404) 361 (10.6) Bilobar metastases Yes (1,686) 253 (15.0) \ NS NS No (4,310) 383 (8.9) Resectability at diagnosis Yes (4,794) 470 (9.8) \ NS NS No (707) 123 (17.4)
5 1280 L. Viganò et al. TABLE 1 continued Parameter (n) Early recurrence [n (%)] Univariate analysis whole series (n = 6,025) patients with preop CTx (n = 2,249) p value p value OR (95 % CI) p value OR (95 % CI) Extrahepatic disease Yes (417) 52 (12.5) NS No (5,608) 587 (10.5) Surgical procedures and operative outcome Type of hepatectomy AR (2,837) 271 (9.6) \ NS NS NAR (1,636) 197 (12.0) AR? NAR (1,298) 161 (12.4) Associated intraoperative radiofrequency ablation Yes (464) 85 (18.3) \ ( ) ( ) No (5,498) 547 (9.9) Laparoscopic resection Yes (112) 10 (8.9) NS No (5,508) 580 (10.5) Surgical margin 0 mm (602) 105 (17.4) \ ( ) ( ) [0 mm (4,079) 430 (10.5) Blood transfusion Yes (946) 121 (12.8) NS NS No (3,644) 374 (10.3) Chemotherapy After colorectal surgery (synchronous metastases excluded) Yes (1,614) 137 (8.5) NS No (1,064) 82 (7.7) Before liver resection Yes (2,249) 339 (15.1) \ NS No (3,345) 286 (8.6) Last chemotherapy regimen Oxaliplatin (1,086) 159 (14.6) NS Irinotecan (546) 89 (16.3) Oxaliplatin?irinotecan (134) 29 (21.6) Other (297) 52 (17.5) Associated bevacizumab Yes (382) 62 (16.2) NS No (1,682) 264 (15.7) Associated cetuximab Yes (127) 26 (20.5) NS No (1,937) 301 (15.5) [1 line Yes (331) 71 (21.5) \ NS No (1,918) 268 (14.0) [6 cycles Yes (829) 172 (20.7) \ NS No (1,036) 123 (11.9)
6 Recurrence After Colorectal Metastases Resection 1281 TABLE 1 continued Parameter (n) Early recurrence [n (%)] Univariate analysis whole series (n = 6,025) patients with preop CTx (n = 2,249) p value p value OR (95 % CI) p value OR (95 % CI) [6 cycles at the last line Yes (655) 130 (19.8) \ NS No (1,202) 161 (13.4) Response CR (75) 4 (5.3) CR/PR vs. SD/PD \ ( ) PR (1,318) 187 (14.2) SD (435) 84 (19.3) PD (143) 33 (23.1) After liver resection Yes (2,820) 264 (9.4) \ \ ( ) \ ( ) No (1,982) 287 (14.5) Preop preoperative, CTx chemotherapy, OR odds ratio, NS not significant, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, AR anatomic resection, NAR nonanatomic resection, CR complete response, PR partial response, SD stable disease, PD disease progression Patients at risk Total 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years Early recurrence Late recurrence FIG. 1 Overall survival of patients with early recurrence versus those with late recurrence (p \ ) Early Recurrence Treatment A total of 234 (36.6 %) patients with early recurrence underwent re-resection; this re-resection rate was lower than in patients with late recurrence (47.2 %; p \ ). This difference was observed for all recurrence sites (hepatic: 46.6 vs %, p \ ; extrahepatic: 29.8 vs %, p = 0.042; hepatic?extrahepatic: 7.1 vs %, p = 0.004).
7 1282 L. Viganò et al. Patients at risk Total 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years Early recurrence resection No early recurrence resection FIG. 2 Overall survival of patients with resected early recurrence versus those with unresected early recurrence (p \ ) In the early recurrence group, re-resected patients had higher OS than non-re-resected patients (Fig. 2). After a median follow-up after recurrence of 24.3 months, 5-year OS was 47.2 % in re-resected patients versus 8.9 % in unresected patients (p \ ). The same results were observed regarding both hepatic recurrences (5-year OS 51.3 vs. 8.3 %; p \ ) and extrahepatic/hepatic? extrahepatic recurrences (35.7 vs %; p \ ). Early recurrence resection achieved OS results similar to those achieved after late recurrence resection, both considering hepatic recurrences (5-year OS 51.3 vs %; p = not significant; Fig. 3a) and extrahepatic/hepatic?extrahepatic recurrences (5-year OS 35.7 vs %; p = not significant; Fig. 3b). Prognostic Factors After Early Recurrence Resection The administration of chemotherapy before early recurrence resection improved survival (5-year OS 61.5 vs %; p = 0.021), as did the response to preoperative chemotherapy (5-year OS CR/PR 63.0 vs. SD/PD 46.5 %; p = 0.014). Multivariate analysis confirmed the positive prognostic role of chemotherapy administration before recurrence resection [p = 0.028, hazard ratio (HR) 0.529], but did not confirm the prognostic role of response to chemotherapy. Two additional negative prognostic factors were identified at multivariate analysis: [3 liver metastases at first liver resection (5-year OS 3.7 vs %; p = 0.003; HR 2.387) and recurrence diameter [ 50 mm (5-year OS 0 vs. 20 %; p = ; HR 4.748). The results of uni- and multivariate analysis are summarized in Table 2. DISCUSSION Liver resection in association with perioperative chemotherapy increases the survival of patients with CRLM. 1 3 Despite the reported excellent outcomes, 1 5 recurrence after resection is common and may occur in up to 60 % of patients. 6 Re-resection is indicated whenever feasible because it achieves results similar to the first liver resection However, these recommendations do not consider the timing of recurrence. If recurrence happens early, the indication of a second resection may be questioned. Few papers have specifically analyzed this issue and did not offer any conclusive data about indications and treatment schedules. 13,14 Because of the large number of collected patients in a short and recent period, the present study offers a way to clarify controversial issues related to the management of patients with early recurrence. Theoretically, modern imaging, accurate surgical technique, and extensive adoption of perioperative chemotherapy should prevent early recurrence. In practice, early recurrence occurs in *10 % of patients. Hence, surgeons and oncologists
8 Recurrence After Colorectal Metastases Resection 1283 (a) Overall survival (%) Early recurrence resection Late recurrence resection Years 6 Patients at risk Total 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years Early recurrence resection Late recurrence resection (b) Overall survival (%) Early recurrence resection Late recurrence resection Years 6 Patients at risk Total 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years Early recurrence resection Late recurrence resection FIG. 3 Overall survival after resection of early versus late recurrences: a hepatic-only recurrences; b extrahepatic recurrence (alone or in association with hepatic-only recurrences) (p = not significant for both) who aggressively treat patients with CRLM frequently face this problem. Early recurrence is more common in patients with aggressive disease, such as those with synchronous and multiple metastases, or advanced T and N staging. The well-known prognostic impact of these parameters has been confirmed The extension of surgical indications to more aggressive diseases implies an increased risk of early recurrence as long as adequate selection criteria to identify patients who really benefit from surgery are lacking. Early recurrences were also related to some technical issues. A complete (R0) surgery is considered mandatory; however, a debate about the adequate width of the surgical margin is ongoing A recent paper by de Haas et al. even denied that a 0-mm margin has a significant impact on OS, although recurrence risk was increased. 27 The present study reaffirms the inadequacy of a 0-mm margin, which is
9 1284 L. Viganò et al. TABLE 2 Prognostic factors regarding overall survival after reresection to treat early recurrence Parameter Univariate analysis p value Multivariate analysis p value HR (95 % CI) Patient and primary tumor characteristics Sex NS Age [ 70 years NS T3 4 stage NS N? NS Rectal tumor NS First liver resection data Synchronous NS metastases Single metastasis NS [3 metastases ( ) Metastases NS diameter [ 50 mm CEA [ 200 ng/dl NS Bilobar metastases NS Extrahepatic disease NS Type of hepatectomy NS (AR vs. NAR) Associated RFA NS Surgical margin NS (0 vs. [ 0 mm) Recurrence characteristics Single metastasis NS [3 metastases NS Diameter [ 50 mm ( ) CEA [ 200 ng/dl NS Chemotherapy data After colorectal surgery (synchronous metastases excluded) NS Before first liver NS resection After first liver NS resection Before ER resection ( ) Oxaliplatin NS Irinotecan NS Associated NS bevacizumab Associated cetuximab NS [1 chemotherapy line NS [6 cycles NS Response (CR/PR vs NS SD/PD) After ER resection NS HR hazard ratio, NS not significant, ER early recurrence, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, AR anatomic resection, NAR non-anatomic resection, RFA radiofrequency ablation, CR complete response, PR partial response, SD stable disease, PD disease progression associated with an increased risk of early recurrence. Tumor re-growth at the lesion borders ( dangerous halo ) or micrometastases might justify these data. 25,28,29 An additional technical issue was the association of intraoperative radiofrequency ablation with liver surgery. Interstitial treatments are less effective than surgery in CRLM treatment. 30,31 Even in association with surgery to ablate deeply located nodules, radiofrequency ablation has worse outcomes than resection alone. 32 The present study confirmed these data. The distinction between recurrences at the surgical margin and true new hepatic nodules (data not available in the LMS database) will be helpful in future studies to further confirm the impact of surgical margin and interstitial treatments on early recurrence risk. Finally, the role of IOUS was emphasized. Several studies have shown that IOUS might detect additional hepatic lesions missed by preoperative imaging In the present series, patients receiving IOUS had lower risk of hepatic early recurrence, suggesting a better completion of disease staging at surgery. The surgeon may strongly affect all of these technical issues. Finally, the impact of chemotherapy must be considered. Perioperative chemotherapy improves disease-free survival in resected patients. 37 In the present study, preoperative chemotherapy per se did not reduce early recurrence risk. Differences were observed neither for different regimens nor for different targeted therapies. The response to chemotherapy was important, rather than the chemotherapy itself the better the tumor response, the lower the early recurrence rate. The prognostic role of tumor response to preoperative chemotherapy was confirmed. 15,38 On the other hand, adjuvant chemotherapy had a protective effect against early recurrence. Considering that even ad hoc randomized trials did not clarify the indications for adjuvant treatment, 39,40 no recommendations can be formulated. In any case, adjuvant treatment reduced the early recurrence risk by one-third. The present results confirmed that cooperation between surgeons and oncologists is mandatory when treating CRLM patients, especially when aggressive indications are present. Lower survival was observed in patients with early recurrence than in patients with late recurrence. Delay of recurrence is a well-known prognostic factor. 14,16,20,21 In any case, early recurrence should not be considered a game over situation. Re-resection can be evaluated and should be scheduled whenever possible; it significantly improves outcome compared with non-surgical treatments, and achieves the same survival results as resection of late recurrences. These considerations were valid not only for hepatic-only recurrences, but also for extrahepatic deposits. Therefore, the concept of surgery as the standard treatment for recurrent metastases can be extended even to early recurrences.
10 Recurrence After Colorectal Metastases Resection 1285 Once again, the problem of patient selection plays a pivotal role in the outcome. Patient selection is even more important considering that an early recurrence after liver surgery occurred; a new recurrence after re-resection would clearly demonstrate the uselessness of treatment. The present study helps to define a treatment protocol. It may be preferred to schedule re-resection after a new chemotherapy line, thus allowing patient selection and control of rapidly progressing disease. In fact, patients with preoperative treatment experienced better survival. The role of response to chemotherapy could not be confirmed in the multivariate analysis, and was likely masked by the surgeon s selection criteria of patients to be re-resected. Of course, the results of this study should be validated prospectively on a separate patient cohort, and the impact of chemotherapy is difficult to evaluate outside of a clinical trial. The administration of preoperative treatment to more advanced patients might hide its beneficial effect. At the same time, the protective effect of adjuvant chemotherapy might be related to a delay in recurrence or a delay in diagnosis due to a different follow-up schedule. Nevertheless, owing to the large number of patients, a significant contribution of chemotherapy to early recurrence reduction is strongly suggested, and the administration of chemotherapy before early recurrence resection can be reasonably recommended to select the good candidates. CONCLUSIONS Early recurrence occurs in *10 % of patients undergoing liver resection for CRLM. Its risk is increased in cases of aggressive disease, poor preoperative disease control, and non-optimal surgical treatment (0-mm margin; associated intraoperative radiofrequency ablation). IOUS reduces the hepatic early recurrence rate. Although early recurrence negatively affects prognosis, re-resection has the potential to restore better survival. Chemotherapy is advocated before early recurrence resection to adequately select good candidates and to control rapidly progressive disease. DISCLOSURE REFERENCES The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. 1. Adam R, De Gramont A, Figueras J, et al. The oncosurgery approach to managing liver metastases from colorectal cancer: a multidisciplinary international consensus. Oncologist. 2012; 17(10): Kopetz S, Chang GJ, Overman MJ, et al. Improved survival in metastatic colorectal cancer is associated with adoption of hepatic resection and improved chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(22): Wieser M, Sauerland S, Arnold D, Schmiegel W, Reinacher- Schick A. Peri-operative chemotherapy for the treatment of resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. BMC Cancer. 2010;10: House MG, Ito H, Gönen M, et al. Survival after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: trends in outcomes for 1,600 patients during two decades at a single institution. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;210(5): Viganò L, Russolillo N, Ferrero A, Langella S, Sperti E, Capussotti L. Evolution of long-term outcome of liver resection for colorectal metastases: analysis of actual 5-year survival rates over two decades. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19(6): de Jong MC, Pulitano C, Ribero D, et al. Rates and patterns of recurrence following curative intent surgery for colorectal liver metastasis: an international multi-institutional analysis of 1669 patients. Ann Surg. 2009;250(3): Tanaka K, Shimada H, Ueda M, Matsuo K, Endo I, Togo S. Long-term characteristics of 5-year survivors after liver resection for colorectal metastases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14(4): Tomlinson JS, Jarnagin WR, DeMatteo RP, et al. Actual 10-year survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases defines cure. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(29): Viganò L, Ferrero A, Lo Tesoriere R, Capussotti L. Liver surgery for colorectal metastases: results after 10 years of follow-up. Long-term survivors, late recurrences, and prognostic role of morbidity. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(9): Adam R, Pascal G, Azoulay D, Tanaka K, Castaing D, Bismuth H. Liver resection for colorectal metastases: the third hepatectomy. Ann Surg. 2003;238(6): Petrowsky H, Gonen M, Jarnagin W, et al. Second liver resections are safe and effective treatment for recurrent hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: a bi-institutional analysis. Ann Surg. 2002;235(6): Imamura H, Kawasaki S, Miyagawa S, Ikegami T, Kitamura H, Shimada R. Aggressive surgical approach to recurrent tumors after hepatectomy for metastatic spread of colorectal cancer to the liver. Surgery. 2000;127(5): Malik HZ, Gomez D, Wong V, et al. Predictors of early disease recurrence following hepatic resection for colorectal cancer metastasis. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2007;33(8): Kaibori M, Iwamoto Y, Ishizaki M, et al. Predictors and outcome of early recurrence after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2012; 397(3): Viganò L, Capussotti L, Barroso E, et al. Progression while receiving preoperative chemotherapy should not be an absolute contraindication to liver resection for colorectal metastases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19(9): Takahashi S, Konishi M, Nakagohri T, Gotohda N, Saito N, Kinoshita T. Short time to recurrence after hepatic resection correlates with poor prognosis in colorectal hepatic metastasis. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2006;36(6): Greene FL, American Joint Committee on Cancer. American Cancer Society. AJCC cancer staging manual. 6th ed. New York: Springer; World Health Organization. Handbook for reporting results of cancer treatment. WHO offset publication no Geneva: World Health Organization; Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA, et al. New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92(3): Nordlinger B, Guiguet M, Vaillant JC, et al. Surgical resection of colorectal carcinoma metastases to the liver. A prognostic scoring system to improve case selection, based on 1568 patients. Cancer. 1996;77:
11 1286 L. Viganò et al. 21. Fong Y, Fortner J, Sun RL, Brennan MF, Blumgart LH. Clinical score for predicting recurrence after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: analysis of 1001 consecutive cases. Ann Surg. 1999;230: Ribero D, Viganò L, Amisano M, Capussotti L. Prognostic factors after resection of colorectal liver metastases: from morphology to biology. Future Oncol. 2013;9(1): Pawlik TM, Scoggins CR, Zorzi D, et al. Effect of surgical margin status on survival and site of recurrence after hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. Ann Surg. 2005;241(5): Are C, Gonen M, Zazzali K, et al. The impact of margins on outcome after hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. Ann Surg. 2007;246(2): Kokudo N, Miki Y, Sugai S, et al. Genetic and histological assessment of surgical margins in resected liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma: minimum surgical margins for successful resection. Arch Surg. 2002;137(7): Nuzzo G, Giuliante F, Ardito F, et al. Influence of surgical margin on type of recurrence after liver resection for colorectal metastases: a single-center experience. Surgery. 2008;143(3): de Haas RJ, Wicherts DA, Flores E, Azoulay D, Castaing D, Adam R. R1 resection by necessity for colorectal liver metastases: is it still a contraindication to surgery? Ann Surg. 2008; 248(4): Mentha G, Terraz S, Morel P, et al. Dangerous halo after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and two-step hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg. 2009;96(1): Viganò L, Capussotti L, De Rosa G, Oulhaci De Saussure W, Mentha G, Rubbia-Brandt L. Liver resection for colorectal metastases after chemotherapy: impact of chemotherapy-related liver injuries, pathological tumor response and micrometastases on long-term survival. Ann Surg. 2013;258(5): Cirocchi R, Trastulli S, Boselli C, et al. Radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;6:CD Wong SL, Mangu PB, Choti MA, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology 2009 clinical evidence review on radiofrequency ablation of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(3): Abdalla EK, Vauthey JN, Ellis LM, et al. Recurrence and outcomes following hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation, and combined resection/ablation for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg. 2004;239(6): van Vledder MG, Pawlik TM, Munireddy S, Hamper U, de Jong MC, Choti MA. Factors determining the sensitivity of intraoperative ultrasonography in detecting colorectal liver metastases in the modern era. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17(10): Torzilli G, Botea F, Procopio F, et al. Use of contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasonography during liver surgery for colorectal cancer liver metastases: its impact on operative outcome. Analysis of a prospective cohort study. Eur J Cancer Suppl. 2008;6(11): Sietses C, Meijerink MR, Meijer S, van den Tol MP. The impact of intraoperative ultrasonography on the surgical treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases. Surg Endosc. 2010; 24(8): Viganò L, Ferrero A, Amisano M, Russolillo N, Capussotti L. Comparison of laparoscopic and open intraoperative ultrasonography for staging liver tumours. Br J Surg. 2013;100(4): Nordlinger B, Sorbye H, Glimelius B, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC Intergroup trial 40983): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;371(9617): Adam R, Pascal G, Castaing D, et al. Tumor progression while on chemotherapy: a contraindication to liver resection for multiple colorectal metastases? Ann Surg. 2004;240(6): Portier G, Elias D, Bouche O, et al. Multicenter randomized trial of adjuvant fluorouracil and folinic acid compared with surgery alone after resection of colorectal liver metastases: FFCD ACHBTH AURC 9002 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24: Mitry E, Fields A, Bleiberg H, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy after potentially curative resection of metastases from colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of two randomized trials. J Clin Oncol. 2008; 26:
Integrating Chemotherapy and Liver Surgery for the Management of Colorectal Metastases
I Congresso de Oncologia D Or July 5-6, 2013 Integrating Chemotherapy and Liver Surgery for the Management of Colorectal Metastases Michael A. Choti, MD, MBA, FACS Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins University
More informationManagement of Peritoneal Metastases (PM) from colorectal cancers: New Perspectives. Dominique ELIAS
Management of Peritoneal Metastases (PM) from colorectal cancers: New Perspectives Dominique ELIAS Declaration of interest BOARDS Congress and teaching 0 Merck 0 Ipsen Novartis Sanofi Trials The peritoneum
More informationAccepted Article. Recurrence of liver metastases from colorectal cancer and repeat liver resection
Accepted Article Recurrence of liver metastases from colorectal cancer and repeat liver resection Francisco Navarro Freire, Patricia Navarro Sánchez, Benito Mirón Pozo, María Teresa Delgado Ureña, José
More informationCurrent state of surgical treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer
Online Submissions: http://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366office wjgs@wjgnet.com doi:10.4240/wjgs.v3.i12.183 World J Gastrointest Surg 2011 December 27; 3(12): 183-196 ISSN 1948-9366 (online) 2011 Baishideng.
More informationChing-Yao Yang, Yu-Wen Tien
Ching-Yao Yang, Yu-Wen Tien Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Oct-30-2010 Pancreatic NET have poorer prognosis when presence of liver metastases at
More informationSBRT (Elekta), 45 Gy in fractions of 3 Gy 3x/week for 5 weeks (N=22) vs.
Uitgangsvraag 6: Wat is de plaats van stereotactische radiotherapiebehandeling (SBRT) bij HCC patiënten? Primaire studies I Study ID II Method III Patient characteristics IV Intervention(s) V Results primary
More informationCome è cambiata la storia naturale della malattia
Malattia Metastatica del Carcinoma del Grosso Intestino Tecniche e terapie Innovative Come è cambiata la storia naturale della malattia Antonio Frassoldati Oncologia Clinica - Ferrara 29 ottobre 2011 Colorectal
More informationL Lang-Lazdunski, A Bille, S Marshall, R Lal, D Landau, J Spicer
Pleurectomy/decortication, hyperthermic pleural lavage with povidone-iodine and systemic chemotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma. A 10-year experience. L Lang-Lazdunski, A Bille, S Marshall, R Lal,
More informationAdiuwantowe i neoadiuwantowe leczenie chorych na zaawansowanego raka żołądka
Adiuwantowe i neoadiuwantowe leczenie chorych na zaawansowanego raka żołądka Neoadiuvant and adiuvant therapy for advanced gastric cancer Franco Roviello, IT Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for advanced
More informationIn Practice Whole Body MR for Visualizing Metastatic Prostate Cancer
In Practice Whole Body MR for Visualizing Metastatic Prostate Cancer Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide, accounting for 15% of all new cancer cases. 1 Great strides have
More informationHepatocellular Carcinoma: What the hepatologist wants to know
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: What the hepatologist wants to know Hélène Castel, MD Liver Unit Hôpital St-Luc CHUM? CAR Annual Scientific Meeting Saturday, April 27 th 2013 Disclosure statement I do not have
More informationNon-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment Comparison to NCCN Guidelines
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment Comparison to NCCN Guidelines April 2008 (presented at 6/12/08 cancer committee meeting) By Shelly Smits, RHIT, CCS, CTR Conclusions by Dr. Ian Thompson, MD Dr. James
More informationManagement of low grade glioma s: update on recent trials
Management of low grade glioma s: update on recent trials M.J. van den Bent The Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands Low grades Female, born 1976 1 st seizure 2005,
More informationHepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment Decision Tree
Treatment Decision Tree Derek DuBay, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery UAB Department of Surgery 1 UAB Liver Tumor Clinic Referrals: 205 996 5970 (phone) 205
More informationLiver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. John P. Roberts, MD Chief, Division of Transplant Service University of California, San Francisco
Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma John P. Roberts, MD Chief, Division of Transplant Service University of California, San Francisco Hepatocellular Carcinoma HCC is the 5th most common
More informationEvidence tabel Lokaal palliatieve behandelingen
Auteurs, jaartal Mate van bewijs Studie type Follow-up Populatie (incl. steekproef-grootte) Patienten kenmerken Interventie Controle Resultaten Conclusie Opmerkingen, commentaar Hartgrink, 2002 The Netherlands
More informationA new score predicting the survival of patients with spinal cord compression from myeloma
A new score predicting the survival of patients with spinal cord compression from myeloma (1) Sarah Douglas, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Lubeck, Germany; sarah_douglas@gmx.de (2) Steven
More informationPANCREATIC AND PERIAMPULLARY TUMORS: PANCREATICODUODENECTOMY. Dr. Shailesh V. Shrikhande
PANCREATIC AND PERIAMPULLARY TUMORS: PANCREATICODUODENECTOMY Dr. Shailesh V. Shrikhande Associate Professor & Consultant Surgeon GI and HPB Surgical Oncology Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai INDIA HELICAL
More informationCA 125 definitions agreed by GCIG November 2005
CA 125 definitions agreed by GCIG November 2005 The GCIG has agreed criteria for defining response and progression of ovarian carcinoma which use the serum marker CA 125, and the situations where these
More information7. Prostate cancer in PSA relapse
7. Prostate cancer in PSA relapse A patient with prostate cancer in PSA relapse is one who, having received a primary treatment with intent to cure, has a raised PSA (prostate-specific antigen) level defined
More informationPrimary Care Management of Colorectal Cancer
Primary Care Management of Colorectal Cancer Dr. Dan Renouf, Medical Oncologist, BC Cancer Agency Vancouver Centre November 1, 2014 www.fpon.ca Primary Care Management of Colorectal Cancer Survivors Daniel
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE THORACIC ONCOLOGY
Ann Surg Oncol (2013) 20:1934 1940 DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2800-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE THORACIC ONCOLOGY Predictors for Locoregional Recurrence for Clinical Stage III-N2 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Nodal
More informationGUIDELINES ADJUVANT SYSTEMIC BREAST CANCER
GUIDELINES ADJUVANT SYSTEMIC BREAST CANCER Author: Dr Susan O Reilly On behalf of the Breast CNG Written: December 2008 Agreed at CNG: June 2009 & June 2010 Review due: June 2011 Guidelines Adjuvant Systemic
More informationCOMMISSIONING. for ULTRA-RADICAL SURGERY ADVANCED OVARIAN CANCER
COMMISSIONING for ULTRA-RADICAL SURGERY in ADVANCED OVARIAN CANCER WHY THIS MUST HAPPEN PERSPECTIVE COMMISSIONING FOR WHO, FOR WHAT? Biological Basis Surgical Basis International and national standards
More informationLocal control in ductal carcinoma in situ treated by excision alone: incremental benefit of larger margins
The American Journal of Surgery 190 (2005) 521 525 George Peter s Award Winner Local control in ductal carcinoma in situ treated by excision alone: incremental benefit of larger margins Heather R. MacDonald,
More informationSurgical Management of Papillary Microcarcinoma 趙 子 傑 長 庚 紀 念 醫 院 林 口 總 院 一 般 外 科
Surgical Management of Papillary Microcarcinoma 趙 子 傑 長 庚 紀 念 醫 院 林 口 總 院 一 般 外 科 Papillary microcarcinoma of thyroid Definition latent aberrant thyroid occult thyroid carcinoma latent papillary carcinoma)
More informationThe Whipple Operation for Pancreatic Cancer: Optimism vs. Reality. Franklin Wright UCHSC Department of Surgery Grand Rounds September 11, 2006
The Whipple Operation for Pancreatic Cancer: Optimism vs. Reality Franklin Wright UCHSC Department of Surgery Grand Rounds September 11, 2006 Overview Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Pancreaticoduodenectomy
More informationMetastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Staging and Prognosis of Three Separate Cases.
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Staging and Prognosis of Three Separate Cases. Abstract This paper describes the staging, imaging, treatment, and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma. Three case studies
More informationA new score predicting the survival of patients with spinal cord compression from myeloma
A new score predicting the survival of patients with spinal cord compression from myeloma (1) Sarah Douglas, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Lubeck, Germany; sarah_douglas@gmx.de (2) Steven
More informationLung Cancer Treatment Guidelines
Updated June 2014 Derived and updated by consensus of members of the Providence Thoracic Oncology Program with the aid of evidence-based National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) national guidelines,
More informationMalignant Pleural Mesothelioma in Singapore
RESEARCH COMMUNICATION C SP Yip 1, HN Koong 2, CM Loo 3, KW Fong 1* Abstract Aim: To examine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) in Singapore. Methods and
More informationCetuximab (Erbitux) MM.04.005 05/10/2005. HMO; PPO; QUEST Integration 01/01/2015 Section: Prescription Drugs Place(s) of Service: Office: Outpatient
Cetuximab (Erbitux) Policy Number: Original Effective Date: MM.04.005 05/10/2005 Line(s) of Business: Current Effective Date: HMO; PPO; QUEST Integration 01/01/2015 Section: Prescription Drugs Place(s)
More informationHosts. New Methods for Treating Colorectal Cancer
Hosts Anees Chagpar MD Associate Professor of Surgical Oncology Francine MD Professor of Medical Oncology New Methods for Treating Colorectal Cancer Guest Expert: Scott, MD Associate Professor in the Department
More informationMoving Beyond RECIST
Moving Beyond RECIST Ihab R. Kamel, M.D., Ph.D. ikamel@jhmi.edu Associate Professor Clinical Director, MRI Department of Radiology The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Outline Standard measures
More informationColorectal cancer. A guide for journalists on colorectal cancer and its treatment
Colorectal cancer A guide for journalists on colorectal cancer and its treatment Contents Contents 2 3 Section 1: Colorectal cancer 4 i. What is colorectal cancer? 4 ii. Causes and risk factors 4 iii.
More informationSUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER SURGERY GRAND ROUNDS February 28, 2013 VERENA LIU, MD ROSEANNA LEE, MD
SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER SURGERY GRAND ROUNDS February 28, 2013 VERENA LIU, MD ROSEANNA LEE, MD Case Presentation 35 year old male referred from PMD with an asymptomatic palpable right neck mass PMH/PSH:
More informationPET/CT in Lung Cancer
PET/CT in Lung Cancer Rodolfo Núñez Miller, M.D. Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging Section Division of Human Health International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna, Austria GLOBOCAN 2012 #1 #3 FDG-PET/CT
More informationTreatment of Hepatic Neoplasm
I. Policy University Health Alliance (UHA) will reimburse for treatment of hepatic neoplasm outside of systemic chemotherapy alone when determined to be medically necessary and within the medical criteria
More informationPrognostic and Predictive Factors in Oncology. Mustafa Benekli, M.D.
Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Oncology Mustafa Benekli, M.D. NCI Definitions ESMO Course -Essentials of Medical Oncology -Istanbul 2 Prognostic factor: NCI Definition A situation or condition, or
More informationMetastatic Breast Cancer...
DIAGNOSIS: Metastatic Breast Cancer... What Does It Mean For You? A diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer can be frightening. It raises many questions and reminds us of days past when cancer was such a
More informationJ Clin Oncol 23:6149-6156. 2005 by American Society of Clinical Oncology INTRODUCTION
VOLUME 23 NUMBER 25 SEPTEMBER 1 2005 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY O R I G I N A L R E P O R T Outcome Analysis for Patients With Elevated Serum Tumor Markers at Postchemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node
More informationMOLOGEN AG. Q1 Results 2015 Conference Call Dr. Matthias Schroff Chief Executive Officer. Berlin, 12 May 2015
Q1 Results 2015 Conference Call Dr. Matthias Schroff Chief Executive Officer Berlin, 12 May 2015 V1-6 Disclaimer Certain statements in this presentation contain formulations or terms referring to the future
More informationPRINCESS MARGARET CANCER CENTRE CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES
PRINCESS MARGARET CANCER CENTRE CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES GASTROINTESTINAL HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA GI Site Group Hepatocellular Carcinoma Authors: Dr. Jennifer Knox, Dr. Mairead McNamara 1. INTRODUCTION
More informationDoes Resection of an Intact Breast Primary Improve Survival in Metastatic Breast Cancer?
rvival in Metastatic Breast Cancer? Review Article [1] July 01, 2007 By Seema A. Khan, MD [2] The recommended primary treatment approach for women with metastatic breast cancer and an intact primary tumor
More informationThe Royal Marsden. Surgery for Gastric and GE Junction Cancer: primary palliative where and when? William Allum
The Royal Marsden Surgery for Gastric and GE Junction Cancer: primary palliative where and when? William Allum Any surgeon can cure Surgeon - dependent No surgeon can cure EMR D2 GASTRECTOMY H N SN. WEDGE
More informationKomorbide brystkræftpatienter kan de tåle behandling? Et registerstudie baseret på Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group
Komorbide brystkræftpatienter kan de tåle behandling? Et registerstudie baseret på Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group Lotte Holm Land MD, ph.d. Onkologisk Afd. R. OUH Kræft og komorbiditet - alle skal
More informationRadioterapia panencefalica. Umberto Ricardi
Radioterapia panencefalica Umberto Ricardi Background Systemic disease to the brain is unfortunately a quite common event Radiotherapy, especially with the great technical development during the past decades,
More informationPreoperative drainage is always indicated in malignant CBD strictures PRO. Horst Neuhaus Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf, Germany
Preoperative drainage is always indicated in malignant CBD strictures PRO Horst Neuhaus Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf, Germany Background Jaundice is associated with high perioperative morbidity
More informationTemporal Trends in Demographics and Overall Survival of Non Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients at Moffitt Cancer Center From 1986 to 2008
Special Report Temporal Trends in Demographics and Overall Survival of Non Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients at Moffitt Cancer Center From 1986 to 2008 Matthew B. Schabath, PhD, Zachary J. Thompson, PhD,
More informationMalignant pleural mesothelioma P/D vs. EPP
3 rd International Thoracic Oncology Congress Dresden, September 13 15, 2012 Malignant pleural mesothelioma P/D vs. EPP Walter Weder, MD Professor of Surgery Dokumentenname Datum Seite 1 Extrapleural Pneumonectomy
More informationClinical Indications and Results Following Chest Wall Resection
Clinical Indications and Results Following Chest Wall Resection for Recurrent Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Ali SO, Burt BM, Groth SS, DaSilva MC, Yeap BY, Richards WG, Baldini EH and Sugarbaker DJ. Division
More informationClinical Practice Guidelines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, List of Clinical Questions/Recommendations. Chapter. Grade. CQ No. 1 Interferon Therapy
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, List of Clinical Questions/Recommendations Chapter Chapter 1 Prevention Sectio n CQ No. 1 Interferon Therapy Clinical Question 1 Does interferon
More informationLONDON CANCER NEWS DRUGS GROUP RAPID REVIEW. FOLFIRINOX for first line treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer January 2012
Background LONDON CANCER NEWS DRUGS GROUP RAPID REVIEW FOLFIRINOX for first line treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer January 2012 The incidence of pancreatic cancer in the UK is 9.4/100,000. It is
More informationImage. 3.11.3 SW Review the anatomy of the EAC and how this plays a role in the spread of tumors.
Neoplasms of the Ear and Lateral Skull Base Image 3.11.1 SW What are the three most common neoplasms of the auricle? 3.11.2 SW What are the four most common neoplasms of the external auditory canal (EAC)
More informationPET. Can we afford PET-CT. Positron annihilation. PET-CT scanner. PET detection
PET-CT Can we afford PET-CT John Buscombe New technology Combines functional information-pet anatomical information-ct Machine able to perform both studies in single imaging episode PET imaging depends
More informationThe treatment and outcome of patients with soft tissue sarcomas and synchronous metastases
Sarcoma (2002) 6, 69 73 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The treatment and outcome of patients with soft tissue sarcomas and synchronous metastases JOHN M. KANE III, J. WILLIAM FINLEY, DEBORAH DRISCOLL, WILLIAM G. KRAYBILL
More informationTheories on Metastasis: Innovative Thinking An Advocacy Perspective
Theories on Metastasis: Innovative Thinking An Advocacy Perspective Project LEAD Workshop NBCC Annual Advocacy Conference 2011 Musa Mayer AdvancedBC.org 1 The Big Question If we want to end death from
More informationPost-recurrence survival in completely resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer with local recurrence
Post- survival in completely resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer with local J-J Hung, 1,2,3 W-H Hsu, 3 C-C Hsieh, 3 B-S Huang, 3 M-H Huang, 3 J-S Liu, 2 Y-C Wu 3 See Editorial, p 185 c A supplementary
More informationCorporate Medical Policy
Corporate Medical Policy File Name: Origination: Last CAP Review: Next CAP Review: Last Review: microwave_tumor_ablation 12/2011 11/2015 11/2016 11/2015 Description of Procedure or Service Microwave ablation
More informationSeton Medical Center Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patterns of Care Study Rate of Treatment with Chemoembolization 2007 2012 N = 50
General Data Seton Medical Center Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patterns of Care Study Rate of Treatment with Chemoembolization 2007 2012 N = 50 The vast majority of the patients in this study were diagnosed
More informationNew Data Supporting Modified RECIST (mrecist) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Running Title: Modified RECIST (mrecist) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
New Data Supporting Modified RECIST (mrecist) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Running Title: Modified RECIST (mrecist) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Riccardo Lencioni Author s Affiliation: Division of Diagnostic
More informationJ Clin Oncol 26:5113-5118. 2008 by American Society of Clinical Oncology INTRODUCTION
VOLUME 26 NUMBER 31 NOVEMBER 1 2008 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY O R I G I N A L R E P O R T Outcome After Surgical Resections of Chest Wall Sarcomas Michael W. Wouters, Albert N. van Geel, Lotte Nieuwenhuis,
More informationIs the third-line chemotherapy feasible for non-small cell lung cancer? A retrospective study
Turkish Journal of Cancer Volume 34, No.1, 2004 19 Is the third-line chemotherapy feasible for non-small cell lung cancer? A retrospective study MUSTAFA ÖZDO AN, MUSTAFA SAMUR, HAKAN BOZCUK, ERKAN ÇOBAN,
More informationNOUVEAUTES THERAPEUTIQUES DANS LES TUMEURS NEUROENDOCRINES DIGESTIVES (Radiothérapie vectorisée et loco-régionale exclue) Philippe RUSZNIEWSKI
NOUVEAUTES THERAPEUTIQUES DANS LES TUMEURS NEUROENDOCRINES DIGESTIVES (Radiothérapie vectorisée et loco-régionale exclue) Réunion APRAMEN, Paris, 2 février 2013 Philippe RUSZNIEWSKI Pôle des Maladies de
More informationCHEMOTHERAPY FOR ADVANCED UROTHELIAL CANCER OF THE BLADDER. Walter Stadler, MD University of Chicago
CHEMOTHERAPY FOR ADVANCED UROTHELIAL CANCER OF THE BLADDER Walter Stadler, MD University of Chicago Chemotherapy Doctor Terms Drugs used to treat cancer Will attack cancer no matter where it is located
More informationCancer in Primary Care: Prostate Cancer Screening. How and How often? Should we and in which patients?
Cancer in Primary Care: Prostate Cancer Screening How and How often? Should we and in which patients? PLCO trial (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian) Results In the screening group, rates of compliance
More informationBreast Cancer Care & Research
Breast Cancer Care & Research Professor John FR Robertson University of Nottingham Nottingham City Hospital Breast Cancer (BC) 15,000 BC deaths in the UK each year 20% female cancer deaths 5% all female
More informationVan Cutsem E et al. Proc ASCO 2009;Abstract LBA4509.
Efficacy Results from the ToGA Trial: A Phase III Study of Trastuzumab Added to Standard Chemotherapy in First-Line HER2- Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer Van Cutsem E et al. Proc ASCO 2009;Abstract LBA4509.
More informationKidney Cancer OVERVIEW
Kidney Cancer OVERVIEW Kidney cancer is the third most common genitourinary cancer in adults. There are approximately 54,000 new cancer cases each year in the United States, and the incidence of kidney
More informationHistorical Basis for Concern
Androgens After : Are We Ready? Mohit Khera, MD, MBA Assistant Professor of Urology Division of Male Reproductive Medicine and Surgery Scott Department of Urology Baylor College of Medicine Historical
More informationColumbia University Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation - 2009 - www.curemeso.org. Mesothelioma Center www.mesocenter.org
Columbia University Mesothelioma Center www.mesocenter.org Multimodal clinical trials, treatment (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy) Peritoneal mesothelioma program Immunotherapy translational, experimental
More informationAdjuvant Therapy Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. Sunil Nagpal MD Director, Thoracic Oncology Jan 30, 2015
Adjuvant Therapy Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Sunil Nagpal MD Director, Thoracic Oncology Jan 30, 2015 No Disclosures Number of studies Studies Per Month 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
More informationALCHEMIST (Adjuvant Lung Cancer Enrichment Marker Identification and Sequencing Trials)
ALCHEMIST (Adjuvant Lung Cancer Enrichment Marker Identification and Sequencing Trials) 3 Integrated Trials Testing Targeted Therapy in Early Stage Lung Cancer Part of NCI s Precision Medicine Effort in
More informationNEOPLASMS OF KIDNEY (RENAL CELL CARCINOMA) And RENAL PELVIS (TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA)
NEOPLASMS OF KIDNEY (RENAL CELL CARCINOMA) And RENAL PELVIS (TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA) Merat Esfahani, MD Medical Oncologist, Hematologist Cancer Liaison Physician SwedishAmerican Regional Cancer Center
More informationPrognostic Factors for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Preoperative Systemic Chemotherapy
Original Study Prognostic Factors for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Preoperative Systemic Chemotherapy Sota Asaga, Takayuki Kinoshita, Takashi Hojo, Junko Suzuki, Kenjiro Jimbo, Hitoshi
More informationPSA Testing 101. Stanley H. Weiss, MD. Professor, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School. Director & PI, Essex County Cancer Coalition. weiss@umdnj.
PSA Testing 101 Stanley H. Weiss, MD Professor, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School Director & PI, Essex County Cancer Coalition weiss@umdnj.edu September 23, 2010 Screening: 3 tests for PCa A good screening
More informationNew Evaluation Criteria for Response and Toxicity in Lung Cancer Treatment
Lung Cancer New Evaluation Criteria for Response and Toxicity in Lung Cancer Treatment JMAJ 46(12): 554 558, 2003 Masahiko SHIBUYA Chief, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital
More informationGUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF LUNG CANCER
GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF LUNG CANCER BY Ali Shamseddine, MD (Coordinator); as04@aub.edu.lb Fady Geara, MD Bassem Shabb, MD Ghassan Jamaleddine, MD CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE TREATMENT
More informationLocoregional & advanced esophagus or esophagogastric junction cancer
Eloxatin (oxaliplatin) Prior Authorization Request (For Maryland Only) Send completed form to: Case Review Unit CVS/caremark Specialty Programs Fax: 866-249-6155 CVS/caremark administers the prescription
More informationProtein kinase C alpha expression and resistance to neo-adjuvant gemcitabine-containing chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
Protein kinase C alpha expression and resistance to neo-adjuvant gemcitabine-containing chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer Dan Vogl Lay Abstract Early stage non-small cell lung cancer can be cured
More informationObjective tumor response and RECIST criteria in cancer clinical trials Jian Yu, I3, Indianapolis, Indiana
Paper PO01 Objective tumor response and RECIST criteria in cancer clinical trials Jian Yu, I3, Indianapolis, Indiana Abstract Objective tumor response is one of primary endpoints for efficacy in cancer
More informationCancer Screening. Robert L. Robinson, MD, MS. Ambulatory Conference SIU School of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine.
Cancer Screening Robert L. Robinson, MD, MS Ambulatory Conference SIU School of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine March 13, 2003 Why screen for cancer? Early diagnosis often has a favorable prognosis
More informationPost-PET Restaging Cancer Form National Oncologic PET Registry
Post-PET Restaging Cancer Form National Oncologic PET Registry Facility ID #: Registry Case Number: Patient Name: Your patient had a PET scan on: mm/dd/yyyy. The PET scan was done for restaging of (cancer
More informationREVIEW ARTICLE. Key Words: CA 125, Ovarian cancer, Response, Progression, RECIST, Clinical trials
REVIEW ARTICLE Definitions for Response and Progression in Ovarian Cancer Clinical Trials Incorporating RECIST 1.1 and CA 125 Agreed by the Gynecological Cancer Intergroup (GCIG) Gordon John Sampson Rustin,
More informationSentinel Lymph Node Mapping for Endometrial Cancer. Locke Uppendahl, MD Grand Rounds
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping for Endometrial Cancer Locke Uppendahl, MD Grand Rounds Endometrial Cancer Most common gynecologic malignancy in US estimated 52,630 new cases in 2014 estimated 8,590 deaths
More informationMeasure #257 (NQF 1519): Statin Therapy at Discharge after Lower Extremity Bypass (LEB) National Quality Strategy Domain: Effective Clinical Care
Measure #257 (NQF 1519): Statin Therapy at Discharge after Lower Extremity Bypass (LEB) National Quality Strategy Domain: Effective Clinical Care 2016 PQRS OPTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL MEASURES: REGISTRY ONLY
More informationLIVER CANCER AND TUMOURS
LIVER CANCER AND TUMOURS LIVER CANCER AND TUMOURS Healthy Liver Cirrhotic Liver Tumour What causes liver cancer? Many factors may play a role in the development of cancer. Because the liver filters blood
More informationSelection Criteria for Hepatectomy in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus
ANNALS OF SURGERY Vol. 233, No. 3, 379 384 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. Selection Criteria for Hepatectomy in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus Masami Minagawa,
More informationDiagnosis and Prognosis of Pancreatic Cancer
Main Page Risk Factors Reducing Your Risk Screening Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Overview Chemotherapy Radiation Therapy Surgical Procedures Lifestyle Changes Managing Side Effects Talking to Your Doctor
More informationHER2 Status: What is the Difference Between Breast and Gastric Cancer?
Ask the Experts HER2 Status: What is the Difference Between Breast and Gastric Cancer? Bharat Jasani MBChB, PhD, FRCPath Marco Novelli MBChB, PhD, FRCPath Josef Rüschoff, MD Robert Y. Osamura, MD, FIAC
More informationStage IV Renal Cell Carcinoma. Changing Management in A Comprehensive Community Cancer Center. Susquehanna Health Cancer Center
Stage IV Renal Cell Carcinoma Changing Management in A Comprehensive Community Cancer Center Susquehanna Health Cancer Center 2000 2009 Warren L. Robinson, MD, FACP January 27, 2014 Introduction 65,150
More informationJ Clin Oncol 24:2897-2902. 2006 by American Society of Clinical Oncology INTRODUCTION
VOLUME 24 NUMBER 18 JUNE 20 2006 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY O R I G I N A L R E P O R T Perioperative CA19-9 Levels Can Predict Stage and Survival in Patients With Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
More informationAvastin: Glossary of key terms
Avastin: Glossary of key terms Adenocarcinoma Adenoma Adjuvant therapy Angiogenesis Anti-angiogenics Antibody Antigen Avastin (bevacizumab) Benign A form of carcinoma that originates in glandular tissue.
More informationAnalysis of Prostate Cancer at Easter Connecticut Health Network Using Cancer Registry Data
The 2014 Cancer Program Annual Public Reporting of Outcomes/Annual Site Analysis Statistical Data from 2013 More than 70 percent of all newly diagnosed cancer patients are treated in the more than 1,500
More informationActive centers: 2. Number of patients/subjects: Planned: 20 Randomized: Treated: 20 Evaluated: Efficacy: 13 Safety: 20
These results are supplied for informational purposes only. Prescribing decisions should be made based on the approved package insert in the country of prescription Sponsor/company: sanofi-aventis ClinialTrials.gov
More informationThe evolution of rectal cancer therapy. Objectives
The evolution of rectal cancer therapy Hagen Kennecke MD MHA FRCPC Western Canada Consensus Conference September 5, 2014 Objectives Identify standard therapy: stage II/III rectal cancer Update recent adjuvant
More informationProstate cancer. Christopher Eden. The Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford & The Hampshire Clinic, Old Basing.
Prostate cancer Christopher Eden The Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford & The Hampshire Clinic, Old Basing. Screening Screening men for PCa (prostate cancer) using PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen blood
More informationFalse positive PET in lymphoma
False positive PET in lymphoma Thomas Krause Introduction and conclusion 2 3 Introduction 4 FDG-PET in staging of lymphoma 34 studies with 2227 Patients CT FDG-PET Sensitivity 63 % 89 % (58%-100%) (63%-100%)
More informationPancreatic Cancer: FDA Approved Treatments and Clinical Trials
Pancreatic Cancer: FDA Approved Treatments and Clinical Trials Vincent J Picozzi MD MMM Virginia Mason Medical Center Seattle WA 1 Pancreatic cancer is the hardest cancer of all to treat 2 Pancreatic cancer:
More information10 th EADO Congress Vilnius, 7-10 May 2014. Ipilimumab update. Michele Maio
10 th EADO Congress Vilnius, 7-10 May 2014 Ipilimumab update Michele Maio Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology University Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori SIENA, ITALY Evolving
More information