GUIDANCE NOTES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT

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1 GUIDANCE NOTES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL DIVISION AUTUMN 1995

2 CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 DOES MY WASTE REQUIRE SPECIAL DISPOSAL OR TREATMENT? 1 3 RESPONSIBILITIES 1 4 MANAGING WASTE 2 5 DISPOSAL ROUTES 2 6 DECIDING ON A DISPOSAL ROUTE 3 7 RELEASES TO ATMOSPHERE 3 8 DISPOSAL TO WATER AND LAND 3 APPENDIX 1 LIST OF REGULATIONS 4 APPENDIX 2 SUGGESTED LABORATORY AND WORKSHOP 7 ARRANGEMENTS APPENDIX 3 WASTE MANAGEMENT FLOW CHART 8 i

3 1 INTRODUCTION The disposal of commercial and industrial waste generated during the course of our activities is easily overlooked since once waste has been deposited in the skip or down the drain it is perceived as someone else's problem. The disposal routes for waste are in fact highly regulated in order to prevent danger to members of the public or sanitation workers and damage to water treatment systems, water courses, the atmosphere and land. 2 DOES MY WASTE REQUIRE SPECIAL DISPOSAL OR TREATMENT? If your waste could subject persons or animals to a health risk, injury or death or threaten air, land or water pollution then it will require special disposal methods. If it is non-hazardous it is regulated less strictly but must still be disposed of to a licensed site by a licensed contractor. The Customer Services Division manages disposal of non-hazardous waste. Some wastes are frequently termed special wastes due to their toxic, corrosive, flammable or radioactive nature. Wastes in this category are regulated by administrative requirements, which pre-notify the relevant regulatory authority, detail the producer, the disposal contractor and the disposal site or route that must both be licensed. Disposal of such wastes requires technical and legal experience. Advice on disposal and a disposal service for hazardous or special waste is provided by the Health and Safety Unit. See Appendix 1 for a list of waste whose disposal is regulated. Laboratory, workshop, retail and kitchen managers are unlikely to be concerned with ultimate land disposal operations however they are involved with aspects closer to the point of production and handling and usually with the public sewer system. 3 RESPONSIBILITIES A waste producer has the duty of care as specified in the Environmental Protection Act 1990: 1) The producer must not dispose of or allow any other person to dispose of, treat or store his/ her waste without a waste management licence, in a manner contrary to the waste management licence or likely to cause pollution or harm to health. 2) The producer must not allow escape of his/her waste. 3) The producer must transfer waste only to an authorised person. 4) The producer must provide a written description of waste before transfer. 5) Producers must do what is reasonable to ensure that they maintain this duty. 1

4 The requirements of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 to ensure so far as is reasonably practicable the safety of employees, visitors and persons affected by one's activities also apply. 4 MANAGING WASTE To prevent damage, loss or contravention of legislation it is necessary to manage waste properly. A suitable protocol is: 1) Identify and describe the nature and quantity of waste. 2) Where possible modify one's activity to eliminate, substitute, minimise or recycle waste. 3) Decide on a disposal route. 4) Store the waste safely. 5) Transfer to the appropriate person or dispose of via the chosen route. 6) Periodically check that waste controls are effective and comply with current legislation. This procedure can easily be incorporated into the risk assessment of one's activities using the University's risk assessment pro-forma. 5 DISPOSAL ROUTES Disposal routes available are: 1) To landfill via non hazardous waste skips or bins. 2) To special landfill sites via a contractor. 3) Recycling or recovery. 4) To water courses with HMIP or NRA consent. 5) To sewers with the sewer undertaker's consent. 6) To air with the consent of HMIP or HSE or Local Authority where necessary. 2

5 6 DECIDING ON A DISPOSAL ROUTE HMIP authorises and controls all routes for disposal from industries, which have the greatest potential to cause damage. Most so-called prescribed processes and activities are within the realm of large industrial operators. However all radioactive disposal routes must be authorised by HMIP, please contact your Radiation Protection Supervisor for further details. 7 RELEASES TO ATMOSPHERE Releases to atmosphere must not be a statutory nuisance or prejudicial to health. 8 DISPOSAL TO WATER AND LAND Collection of small amounts of waste may be expensive and time consuming; this often leads to disposal down the sink or by burning in the open air. Low toxicity substances may in some circumstances be greatly diluted and disposed of down the sink. However, disposal must not be polluting or harmful to health. See Appendix 1 for guidance on regulated substances. 3

6 APPENDIX 1 LIST OF SUBSTANCES CONTROLLED FOR THE PURPOSES OF DISPOSAL TO LAND AND WATER Please note that this list is not exhaustive and that disposal of a hazardous substance is not permitted due to its absence from the list. Disposal of the following substances to inland waters, the sea, sewers or the land is prohibited unless consent has been granted by the HMIP, NRA, Local Authority, HSE or sewer undertaker. In addition transfer to a contractor is prohibited without the authorisation of the Waste Regulation Authority: Environmental Protection (Prescribed processes and substances etc.) (Amendment) Regulations Prohibits the release of the following to water without HMIP authorisation: Red list: Mercury and its compounds Cadmium and its compounds All isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane All isomers of DDT Pentachlorophenol and its compounds Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadiene Aldrin Dieldrin Endrin Polychlorinated biphenyls Dichlorvos 1,2 Dichloromethane All isomers of trichlorobenzene Atrazine Simazine Tributyltin compounds Triphenyltin compounds Trinuralin Fenitrothion Azinphos-Methyl Malathion Endosuplhan Water Industry Act 1991 prohibits the release of the following substances to foul sewer: Matter likely to injure the sewer or interfere with its free flow or prejudicially affect treatment and disposal of its contents. Liquid waste which is at a temperature greater than 43.3 C, or any other chemical waste, which either alone or in combination with the contents of the sewer, is dangerous, a nuisance or injurious to health. Petroleum spirit Calcium carbide 4

7 Trade Effluents (Prescribed Processes and Substances) Regulations 1989 (as amended in 1990) and 1992 specify categories of trade effluent which must have HMIP authorisation and sewerage undertaker consent before discharge to foul sewer: Red list. Effluent produced in the course of a process containing concentrations of asbestos or chloroform above background. 30 Kg per year of trichloroethylene or perchloroethylene is special category effluent. Control of Pollution (Exemption of Certain Discharges from Control) Order 1983: Exempts from control certain very dilute discharges to water courses. Control of Pollution (Special Waste) Regulations 1980 require that the carriage and disposal of the following substances, if present in a form or quantity dangerous to life must be authorised by the Waste Regulation Authority: Acids and alkalis Antimony and its compounds Arsenic compounds Asbestos Barium compounds Beryllium and compounds Biocides and phytopharmaceutical substances Boron compounds Cadmium and compounds Copper compounds Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen nitrogen or sulphur Hexavalent chromium compounds Hydrocarbons and their oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur compounds Inorganic cyanides Inorganic halogen containing compounds Inorganic sulphur containing compounds Laboratory chemicals Lead compounds Mercury compounds. Organic halogen compounds, excluding inert polymeric materials Nickel and compounds Peroxides, chlorates, perchlorates and azides Pharmaceutical and veterinary products Phosphorus and compounds Selenium and compounds Silver compounds Tarry materials from refining and tar from distilling Tellurium and compounds Thallium and compounds Vanadium compounds Zinc compounds 5

8 A waste is defined as special and must be authorised for carriage and disposal if it presents the risk of death or serious tissue damage if it were to be ingested in a single dose of no more than 5cm 3 by a 20 Kg child, or of tissue damage by inhalation or skin or eye contact following an exposure period of 15 minutes or less. Wastes are also classed as special if they have a flash point of 21 C or less. Controlled Waste Regulations 1992 Clinical waste must be prevented from harming health. Usually this means transfer for incineration. In addition North West Water may wish to control the release of the following substances to foul sewer: Flammable materials Free or emulsified grease or oil including all hydrocarbon fractions with a boiling range equal to or greater than kerosene Emulsified materials likely to separate upon dilution Surface active or emulsifying agents Tar or tar oils Phenolic compounds Carbohydrates Organosulphur compounds Organohalogen compounds Organophosphorus compounds Organosilicon compounds Acids Alkalis Metals: iron, aluminium, antimony, arsenic, beryllium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, selenium, silver, tin, vanadium, zinc, cadmium, mercury Sulphates Cyanides or substances producing hydrogen cyanide on acidification Sulphides or compounds producing hydrogen sulphide on acidification Halogens or compounds producing free halogens on acidification Sulphur dioxide or compounds producing sulphur dioxide on acidification Elemental phosphorus Boron or its compounds Flocculating or coagulating materials such as polyelectrolytes Heavy suspended solids capable of rapid settlement Biological materials likely to affect biological treatment processes e.g. live yeast Other substances known to be explosive, corrosive, toxic to treatment processes or to aquatic or terrestrial life forms Nitrates 6

9 APPENDIX 2 SUGGESTED LABORATORY AND WORKSHOP ARRANGEMENTS Explosives: Avoid storage if possible. If it is essential use a steel cabinet with good ventilation and explosion relief to a safe area. Store away from water. Gases: Store in a segregated well ventilated area, return to the supplier if possible. Oxidisers: Store in air tight containers to avoid contact with water. Keep away from organics and reducing agents. Organic peroxides: Store as oxidisers. Spontaneously combustibles: Store in hermetically sealed container filled with inert liquid or gas. Dangerous when wet: Store in a water tight container under vacuum or inert liquid or gas. Toxic, poisonous or carcinogenic: Store in a secure cabinet marked 'poison' or 'carcinogen'. Infectious or clinical waste: Store in a clinical waste bag, seal well and place in a sealed, coloured and labelled container before disposal to incineration. Non-infectious clinical waste can be autoclaved and be disposed of as non-hazardous waste. Glass and sharps: Place into an approved container before disposal. Clinical sharps should be placed in a separate container before disposal to incineration. Filter papers and wiping cloths etc: Class as solid hazardous waste and place in a bin for disposal by a licensed contractor. Oils: Collect and store for recovery/disposal by a licensed contractor. Batteries: Collect and store for recovery/disposal by a licensed contractor. 7

10 APPENDIX 3 WASTE MANAGEMENT FLOW CHART 8

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