Applying the Saga Pattern. Caitie McCafffrey
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1 Applying the Saga Pattern Caitie McCafffrey
2 Caitie McCaffrey! Distributed Systems CaitieM.com
3
4 Why Sagas? Sagas Paper Distributed Sagas Sagas in Halo 4
5 Systems Used to Be Simple
6 Serializability & ACID
7 SOA/Microservices
8 Two Phase Commit
9 2PC: Prepare Phase
10 2PC: Commit Phase
11 2PC Doesn t Scale O(n^2) Messages Coordinator: Single Point of Failure Reduced Throughput
12 Spanner Google s Globally-Distributed Database Corbett et. al.
13 Spanner is Google s scalable, multi-version, globally distributed, and synchronouslyreplicated database. It is the first system to distribute data at global scale and support externally-consistent distributed transactions. Corbett et al.
14 The key enabler of these properties is a new TrueTime API and its implementation using multiple modern clock references (GPS and atomic clocks). Corbett et al.
15 Spanner is Expensive & Proprietary Custom Hardware & Data-Centers Synchronization Not Solved
16 Distributed Transactions are Hard & Expensive
17 Can We Do Better?
18 Can We Do Better?
19 Sagas Hector Garcia-Molina, Kenneth Salem Princeton University 1987
20 Sagas are Long Lived Transactions
21 A Saga is a Long Lived Transaction that can be written as a sequence of transactions that can be interleaved. All transactions in the sequence complete successfully or compensating transactions are ran to amend a partial execution.
22 A Saga is a Collection of Sub-Transactions T1, T2 Tn
23 Each Sub-Transaction has a Compensating Transaction C1, C2 Cn
24 Cn Semantically Undoes Tn
25 Saga Guarantee Either T1, T2 Tn or T1, T2 Tj, Cj, C2, C1
26 Trade-Off: Atomicity for Availability
27 Sagas are a Failure Management Pattern
28 Large Single Transaction
29 Sagas Book Hotel (T1) Book Car (T2) Book Flight (T3) Cancel Hotel (C1) Cancel Car (C2) Cancel Flight (C3)
30 Saga Execution Coordinator (SEC)
31 Saga Log Begin Saga End Saga Abort Saga Begin Ti End Ti Begin Ci End Ci
32 Successful Saga Begin Saga! Start Book Hotel (T1) End Book Hotel (T1) Start Book Car Rental (T2) End Book Car Rental (T2) Start Book Flight (T3) End Book Flight (T3) End Saga
33 Successful Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel (T1)! End Book Hotel (T1) Start Book Car Rental (T2) End Book Car Rental (T2) Start Book Flight (T3) End Book Flight (T3) End Saga
34 Successful Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel (T1) End Book Hotel (T1)! Start Book Car Rental (T2) End Book Car Rental (T2) Start Book Flight (T3) End Book Flight (T3) End Saga
35 Successful Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel (T1) End Book Hotel (T1) Start Book Car Rental (T2)! End Book Car Rental (T2) Start Book Flight (T3) End Book Flight (T3) End Saga
36 Successful Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel (T1) End Book Hotel (T1) Start Book Car Rental (T2) End Book Car Rental (T2)! Start Book Flight (T3) End Book Flight (T3) End Saga
37 Successful Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel (T1) End Book Hotel (T1) Start Book Car Rental (T2) End Book Car Rental (T2) Start Book Flight (T3)! End Book Flight (T3) End Saga
38 Successful Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel (T1) End Book Hotel (T1) Start Book Car Rental (T2) End Book Car Rental (T2) Start Book Flight (T3) End Book Flight (T3)! End Saga
39 Successful Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel (T1) End Book Hotel (T1) Start Book Car Rental (T2) End Book Car Rental (T2) Start Book Flight (T3) End Book Flight (T3) End Saga
40 Unsuccessful Saga Backwards Recovery
41 Unsuccessful Saga Begin Saga! Start Book Hotel (T1) End Book Hotel (T1) Start Book Car Rental (T2) Abort Saga Start Compensate Car Rental (C2) End Compensate Car Rental (C2) Start Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Saga
42 Unsuccessful Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel (T1)! End Book Hotel (T1) Start Book Car Rental (T2) Abort Saga Start Compensate Car Rental (C2) End Compensate Car Rental (C2) Start Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Saga
43 Unsuccessful Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel (T1) End Book Hotel (T1)! Start Book Car Rental (T2) Abort Saga Start Compensate Car Rental (C2) End Compensate Car Rental (C2) Start Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Saga
44 Unsuccessful Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel (T1) End Book Hotel (T1) Start Book Car Rental (T2)! Abort Saga Start Compensate Car Rental (C2) End Compensate Car Rental (C2) Start Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Saga
45 Unsuccessful Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel (T1) End Book Hotel (T1) Start Book Car Rental (T2) Abort Saga! Start Compensate Car Rental (C2) End Compensate Car Rental (C2) Start Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Saga
46 Unsuccessful Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel (T1) End Book Hotel (T1) Start Book Car Rental (T2) Abort Saga Start Compensate Car Rental (C2)! End Compensate Car Rental (C2) Start Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Saga
47 Unsuccessful Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel (T1) End Book Hotel (T1) Start Book Car Rental (T2) Abort Saga Start Compensate Car Rental (C2) End Compensate Car Rental (C2)! Start Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Saga
48 Unsuccessful Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel (T1) End Book Hotel (T1) Start Book Car Rental (T2) Abort Saga Start Compensate Car Rental (C2) End Compensate Car Rental (C2) Start Compensate Book Hotel (C1)! End Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Saga
49 Unsuccessful Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel (T1) End Book Hotel (T1) Start Book Car Rental (T2) Abort Saga Start Compensate Car Rental (C2) End Compensate Car Rental (C2) Start Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Compensate Book Hotel (C1)! End Saga
50 Unsuccessful Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel (T1) End Book Hotel (T1) Start Book Car Rental (T2) Abort Saga Start Compensate Car Rental (C2) End Compensate Car Rental (C2) Start Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Compensate Book Hotel (C1) End Saga
51 Sagas in Distributed Systems Due to space limitations, we only discuss Sagas in a centralized System, although clearly they can be implemented in a distributed database system. Molina et. al
52 SOA/Microservices
53 Requests instead of Transactions Book Hotel (T1) Book Car (T2) Book Flight (T3) \ Cancel Hotel (C1) Cancel Car (C2) Cancel Flight (C3)
54 A Distributed Saga is a Collection of Sub-Requests T1, T2 Tn Each Sub-Request has a Compensating Request C1, C2 Cn
55 Successful Distributed Saga Begin Saga Start Book Hotel Request (T1) End Book Hotel Request (T1) Start Book Car Rental Request (T2) End Book Car Rental Request (T2) Start Book Flight Request (T3) End Book Flight Request (T3) End Saga
56 Saga Log Durable & Distributed
57 Saga Execution Coordinator (SEC) Interprets & Writes to Saga Log Applies Saga Sub-Requests Applies Saga Compensating Requests when Necessary
58
59
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61
62
63
64
65
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67 Apply Compensating Requests Aborted Saga Response Start Request Fails SEC Crashes (non-safe state)
68
69
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71 What Happens when Compensating Requests Fail?
72 Compensating Requests Must Be Idempotent
73 What Happens when SEC Fails?
74 Safe States All Executed Sub-Requests are Complete (Start Ti & End Ti both logged) Saga has been Aborted, Proceed with Compensating Transactions
75 Un-Safe State Start Ti logged, no End Ti logged Abort Saga Start Compensating Requests
76 Request Messaging Semantics Sub-Requests (Ti): At Most Once Compensating Requests (Ci): At Least Once
77 Distributed Saga Guarantee Either T1, T2 Tn or T1, T2 Tj, Cj, C2, C1
78 Distributed Sagas Distributed/Durable Saga Log SEC Process Compensating Requests: Idempotent
79
80 Halo Statistics
81 Halo Statistics Service
82 Halo Statistics Service with Sagas
83 Forward-Recovery
84 Game Grain / SEC Store Stats Player One Store Stats Player Two Store Stats Player Three Store Stats Player Four
85 Forward Recovery Sub-Requests Must Also Be Idempotent
86 Game Grain / SEC Store Stats Player One Store Stats Player Two Store Stats Player Three Store Stats Player Four
87 Game Grain / SEC Store Stats Player One Store Stats Player Two Store Stats Player Three Store Stats Player Four
88 Sagas Long Lived / Distributed Transactions Trade Atomicity for Availability Failure Management Pattern
89
90 Questions? Please remember to evaluate via the GOTO Guide
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