Biosolids 101 Roadmap of Oregon s Biosolids Program

Transcription

1 Roadmap of Oregon s Biosolids Program Water Environment School March 2015 Clackamas Community College Paul Kennedy, Regional Biosolids & Water Reuse Program Coordinator

2 Presentation Overview Introduction to biosolids What s regulated How DEQ regulates biosolids Permit Biosolids management plan Land application plan Site Authorizations Compliance Program future Resources

3 What are biosolids? solids derived from domestic wastewater which have been treated significantly reduce pathogens reduce volatile solids suitable for land application [OAR (3)]

4 Oregon Biosolids Policy Encourages the beneficial reuse of recyclable materials as a fertilizer or soil amendment [OAR ]

5 Biosolids Land Application Program Protective of Public Health Protective of the Environment Provide a beneficial use/resource value

6 Biosolids Regulation Federal and state regulations ensure facilities treat and manage biosolids in a manner to protect public health and the environment. Federal Regulations: 40 CFR 503 Oregon Administrative Rules: OAR

7 Brief History of Biosolids Regulations Federal EPA Intra-Agency Biosolids Task Force established Recommendation for a comprehensive federal program Oregon Guidelines for Handling, Disposal and Use of Sewage Sludge EQC required to adopt rules for land application 1984 Pollutant study list identified OAR adopted 1987 CWA update EPA req d to develop regulations CFR 503 rule published rules amended Mo pollutant limits deleted 503 rules amended Cr pollutant limits deleted; Se limits changed OAR updated to federal standards

8 Quantity of wastewater solids produced Redmond, 463, 1% Hood River, Canby, 384, 1% 385, 1% Roseburg, 383, 1% Hermiston, Newport, 387, 1% McMinnville, 564, 1% 512, 1% Wilsonville, 500, 1% Woodburn, 519, 1% Others, 4065, 7% Klamath Falls, 622, 1% Grants Pass, 647, 1% Jefferson, 621, 1% Newberg, 643, 1% Troutdale, 668, 1% Coos Bay, 787, 1% Corvallis, 859, 2% Oregon City, 1209, 2% Milwaukie, 1232, 2% Albany, 1396, 2% Gresham, 2040, 4% Portland, 14005, 24% Clean Water Services, 11269, 20% Medford, 2472, 4% Bend, 2992, 5% Salem, 2994, 5% Eugene/Springfield, 4633, 8% 2011: 57,250 dry tons

9 How wastewater solids are managed Landfill, 4835, 8% Storage, 2198, 4% Transfer, 679, 1% Land Application, 51460, 87% 2011

10 What s regulated: Pollutants Pollutant EPA 503 Table 1 (Ceiling conc.) EPA 503 Table 3 (Pollutant conc.) Oregon avg. (2011) Arsenic Cadmium Copper Lead Mercury Molybdenum Nickel Selenium Zinc All units are mg/kg dry weight.

11 What s regulated: Nutrients Parameter Oregon avg. Comment TKN 5.43% Mineralization rates used to calculate availability. NO3-N 0.34% Mobile nutrient. Greatest environmental concern. NH4-N 1.29% Total P 1.86% Not regulated in Oregon. Regulated in other states. K 1.02% ph 7.41 S.U. Total solids 16.9% Volatile solids 57.8% Biosolids must be applied within agronomic rates. [OAR (4)(e)]

12 What s regulated: Pathogen Reduction Unk., 4693, 8% Class A, 3438, 6% Class B: Processes to Significantly Reduce Pathogens, PSRP Anaerobic digestion Aerobic digestion Alkaline stabilization Class B, 49119, 86% 2011 Pathogen Reduction Class A: Processes to Further Reduce Pathogens, PFRP Composting ATAD Heat drying EQ: Class A + < Pollutant conc. limits Class A Class B + Site Restrictions + Management Practices

13 What s regulated: Site Restrictions (Class B) Restrictions on the harvesting of crops and turf Ex: 14 mos. restriction on planting food crops for direct human consumption following biosolids application Restriction on grazing of animals Grazing prohibited for 30 days following application Restrictions on public access High exposure site: 1 year Low exposure site: 30 days Photo credit:

14 What s regulated: Management Practices (Class B) No application to flooded, frozen, or snow-covered ground so that biosolids enters public waters Stable geologic formations not subject to flooding or excessive runoff 4 to permanent groundwater Site topography Liquid <12%;Cake <30% 24 rooting depth Avoid saline or sodic soils Setbacks Applied at agronomic rate Feature Waterway 50 Buffer Well or water source 200 Roadways ** Property lines ** Easements ** Structures ** Public access area ** ** Case by case basis.

15 What s regulated: Vector Attraction Reduction Description Comments 1 38% volatile solids reduction Aerobic & anaerobic digested sludge 2 40-day anaerobic bench test Anaerobic with long residence time (e.g., lagoons) 3 30-day aerobic bench test Aerobic systems with long residence time 4 SOUR Aerobic treatment 5 14-day aerobic >40 ºC Composted 6 Alkaline stabilization Allows short-term storage only ( several days ) 7 Drying to > 75% solids Sludge with no unstablized solids 8 Drying to > 90% solids Sludge with unstabilized (i.e., primary) solids 9 Injection Field option 10 Incorporation within 6 hrs Field option Stabilized solids = less odors, fewer vectors

16 How DEQ Regulates Biosolids NPDES or WPCF Permit Conditions on what the permit holder must do to land apply biosolids. Biosolids Management Plan Describes how the permit holder will meet the permit requirements. DEQ writes the permit and site authorizations and establishes what conditions must be met. DEQ approves the Biosolids Management Plan and Land Application Plan that is written by the permit holder and describes how and where the conditions will be met. Land Application Plan Describes where the permit holder will land apply and how permit conditions will be met at specific locations. Site Authorization Conditions on what the permit holder must do to land apply biosolids at a specific site.

17 NPDES or WPCF Permit Schedule A Discharge limits Pollutant limits Agronomic rates Pathogen reduction and VAR must be met Biosolids management plan & Land application plan required DEQ site authorization required Schedule B Monitoring & Reporting Schedule D Special Conditions WHAT

18 NPDES or WPCF Permit Schedule A Discharge limits Schedule B Monitoring & Reporting Must monitor pollutants, nutrients, PR, VAR Frequency depends on quantity produced Representative samples Record of land application: date, quantity, location Annual reporting February 19th Schedule D Special Conditions WHAT

19 NPDES or WPCF Permit Schedule A Discharge limits Schedule B Monitoring & Reporting Schedule D Special Conditions Biosolids management plan contents Land application plan contents Site authorizations Public participation WHAT

20 Biosolids Management Plan Description of processing Quantities of solids generated Method(s) of pathogen reduction Method(s) of VAR Storage short-term, long-term Transporting biosolids Monitoring & sampling Remedial procedures PUBLIC NOTICE with the permit required HOW

21 Land Application Plan (Maybe part of BSMP) Identification of all known sites WHERE Geographic location of new site (county or smaller unit) Criteria used in selecting new sites Management practices at new sites Public participation process Must submit to DEQ with every permit application PUBLIC NOTICE with the permit required

22 Site Authorization A map or aerial photograph Identification of sensitive features Setbacks from site-specific sensitive features Special conditions Agronomic rates for specific crops Soil monitoring requirements WHAT

23 Compliance: Annual Report Quantity of solids generated How solids were managed Quantity and type of biosolids generated Pollutant monitoring data Nutrient monitoring data PR & VAR certification Land application data: Site, crops, application rate, area Soil testing (when required) Part I: All facilities Part II: Biosolids generators Part III: Land Appliers

24 Compliance: Good Practices In the field At the treatment plant Documentation and records

25 Compliance: Not so good practices Over application Dumping Spills Poor field conditions

26 The future DEQ program improvements Permit template New site request application Standardized reporting GIS system Permit holders Class A biosolids Documentation Public involvement Legal protection

27 Resources NPDES or WPCF permit BSMP & LAP, incl. site authorizations 40 CFR 503 & OAR EPA reference documents Plain English Guide White House Document OSU/WSU Extension documents Biosolids advocacy organizations Other treatment facilities DEQ staff

28 Thank you!