The Handbook of Clinical Neuropsychology

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1 Oxford Scholarship Online You are looking at 1-10 of 44 items for: keywords : Church of God psyclin psyneu The Handbook of Clinical Neuropsychology John Marshall Jennifer Gurd and Udo Kischka (eds) Item type: book acprof:oso/ The past thirty years have seen the field of clinical neuropsychology grow to become an influential discipline within mainstream clinical psychology and an established component of most professional courses. It remains one of the fastest growing specialities within mainstream clinical psychology, neurology, and the psychiatric disciplines. Updated to take account of these rapid developments, this book contains chapters that demonstrate the contribution that neuropsychological approaches can make to the assessment, diagnosis, and range of treatments for cognitive disorders following brain damage, as well as addressing the special considerations when treating the elderly. The book is divided into ten sections, covering everything from methodological and conceptual issues, functional neuroanatomy, and the historical context. Throughout, the content draws on contemporary neuroscientific techniques, focusing on the methods of functional imaging, cognitive psychology, cognitive neuropsychology, neuropsychiatry, and cognitive rehabilitation. It also provides background information on laboratory and research techniques, as well as covering relevant neurology and psychiatry. The neuropsychology of endocrine disorders David M. Erlanger, Geoffrey Tremont, and Jennifer Duncan Davis acprof:oso/ A basic understanding of how endocrine dysfunction affects the central nervous system is important for a majority of cases referred Page 1 of 5

2 for assessment by clinical neuropsychologists. Beyond playing a role in assessment and management in more obvious scenarios, such as pituitary adenoma and Graves' disease, increasing attention is being paid to the role of neuropsychology in assessment and management of cognitive dysfunction due to illnesses with direct or indirect effects on the endocrine system and, secondarily, the central nervous system. This chapter discusses principal syndromes of the neuroendocrine system, disorders involving the thyroid hormones, diabetes mellitus, disorders involving the reproductive hormones, disorders involving the adrenal hormones, and melatonin. Neuropsychology: past, present, and future John C. Marshall and Jennifer M. Gurd acprof:oso/ This chapter discusses the past, present, and future of neuropsychology. The first golden age of neuropsychology, as practised by behavioural neurologists and neuropsychiatrists from 1861 to 1914, was associated with significant advances in the fractionation of the aphasias (Bastian, Broca, Wernicke), the agnosias (Lissauer), the apraxias (Liepmann), and the alexias (Déjerine), along with the relevant autopsy-confirmed anatomoclinical correlations. By the end of the 1950s, psychologists had a secure role in all aspects of the assessment and rehabilitation of patients with cognitive disorders. Predicting the future and extrapolating current trends are enterprises that have somewhat different risks attached. However, what can confidently be predicted is that clinical neuropsychologists will not be short of work in the foreseeable future. Basic concepts and principles of neuropsychological assessment Jonathan J. Evans acprof:oso/ This chapter begins with a discussion of the objectives of neuropsychological assessment. It then discusses the behavioural Page 2 of 5

3 neurology and neuropsychology approaches to assessment, assessment prerequisites, contra-indicators to assessment validity, the assessment process, cerebral organization and laterality, and specific cognitive skills examined during neuropsychological assessment. The methodological and statistical foundations of neuropsychological assessment Klaus Willmes acprof:oso/ This chapter begins with a discussion of psychometric aspects of neuropsychological tests. It then discusses the classical test theory model, criterion-referenced testing, probabilistic test models, individual case classification, psychometric single-case analysis, and comparison of a single case to a small control or normative sample. Principles of cognitive rehabilitation Nicole D. Anderson, Gordon Winocur, and Heather Palmer acprof:oso/ Cognitive rehabilitation can be defined as an intervention in which patients and their families work with health professionals to restore or compensate for cognitive deficits, thereby improving the patients' everyday functioning. This chapter discusses issues in cognitive rehabilitation, approaches to cognitive rehabilitation, and new directions in rehabilitation. Assessment of attention Joke Spikman and Ed van Zomeren acprof:oso/ Page 3 of 5

4 Clinicians are interested in different aspects of attention depending on the type of brain damage involved and the practical questions to be addressed. For instance, the assessment of transient cognitive impairments may be critical in epileptic patients, whereas in stroke patients hemi-neglect will be most relevant. In head-injured patients, the clinician might want to study speed of information-processing. This chapter discusses ways of assessing attention, assessing the speed of information processing, assessment of focused and divided attention, testing attention on the strategic level, hemi-inattention, and cognitive rehabilitation of attention. The rehabilitation of attention Tom Manly, Jessica Fish, and Ian H. Robertson acprof:oso/ This chapter examines various attempts to enhance the natural recovery of attentional processes, or to better manage the consequences of impairment, following brain injury acquired in adulthood. The results reviewed give grounds for cautious optimism. However, rehabilitation is about working with patients to achieve functional goals in everyday life. If the promising findings showing changes on neuropsychological tests are to usefully filter through to clinical care, the extent to which these translate into meaningful functional improvements must be evaluated. Assessment of perceptual disorders L.D. Kartsounis acprof:oso/ This chapter reviews the principles of assessment of perceptual disorders, auditory recognition deficits, tactile recognition deficits, and visual object recognition deficits. The implicit assumption is that visual object recognition skills have a hierarchical and parallel organization. In ordinary clinical practice however, object recognition disorders are random. The question arises as to where a clinician should start when assessing a patient with object and/or face recognition problems. The Page 4 of 5

5 first consideration is to obtain information on potential sensory problems, visuospatial neglect, aphasia, etc. that may at least partly account for perceptual/agnosic deficits. As a general rule, clinicians should be alert to the complaints and errors patients make during other tasks involving picture interpretation. If the patient fails these tests, there is no need for tests of visual agnosias either of the aperceptive or associative type any agnosia diagnosed in this context would be pseudoagnosia. Recovery and treatment of sensory perceptual disorders C. Groh-Bordin and G. Kerkhoff acprof:oso/ This chapter discusses recovery from and treatment techniques for sensory perceptual disorders in the visual, somatosensory, and auditory modalities. There is growing evidence for the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in general, and visuoperceptual training in particular, for patients with brain damage. Systematic treatments of somatosensory dysfunctions are just developing, despite their frequency and relevance to the patient. Nevertheless, the techniques discussed provide promising approaches towards significant improvements to patients' disturbances. Page 5 of 5