CFD simulations of flow over NASA Trap Wing Model
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1 CFD simulations of flow over NASA Trap Wing Model Andy Luo Swift Engineering Pravin Peddiraju, Vangelis Skaperdas BETA CAE Systems
2 Introduction A cooperative study was undertaken by BETA and Swift Engineering to participate in the AIAA High Lift Prediction Workshop. Preliminary data were presented at the meeting. The study was continued after the meeting, and data were obtained on improved grids. Also, an additional turbulence model was run for the baseline configuration. This presentation contains the updated data on the new grids as well as the additional turbulence model data. June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 2
3 Overview ANSA, a commercial CAE pre-processing software from BETA CAE Systems, was used for grid generation. CFD++, a commercial CFD solver from METACOMP technologies, was used for numerical simulations. Realizable k-epsilon turbulence model was used for Turbulence modeling. Flow Conditions: Mach = 0.2 Reynolds Number 4.3e6 based on MAC MAC of in Reference Temp of 520 R Cases Studied: Case 1: Grid Convergence Angles-of-attack at 13 degrees and 28 degrees Case 2: Flap Deflection Prediction Study Flap deflection of 25 degrees and 20 degrees June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 3
4 Grids Statistics Config-1 Config-8 Coarse Medium Fine Medium Field Nodes 3,438,517 11,339,107 36,890,922 11,401,724 Field Cells 10,697,988 30,785,946 91,675,985 30,954,927 Boundary Nodes 200, ,115 1,016, ,604 Boundary Faces 397, ,186 2,015, ,164 Boundary Layer, First height 2e-4" 1.3e-4" 9e-5" 1.3e-4" June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 4
5 Size Boxes Multiple size boxes were created to refine surface and volume mesh at critical areas such as body nose, wing-body intersection, wing-tips etc., without splitting the original domain June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 5
6 Meshing Automation Batch Meshing tool was used to automate all the meshing steps: 1) Surface Meshing, 2) Boundary Layer generation, and 3) Volume Meshing. Once the Batch Mesh frame work was defined for coarse mesh for Config1, the mesh parameter values were appropriately scaled to generate medium and fine meshes. The frame work for Config1 medium mesh was directly used to generate consistent mesh for Config8 medium mesh case. June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 6
7 Grids Surface Mesh Coarse June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 7
8 Grids Surface Mesh Medium June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 8
9 Grids Surface Mesh Fine June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 9
10 Grids Volume Mesh Coarse Mid span cross-section June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 10
11 Grids Volume Mesh Medium Coarse Mid span cross-section June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 11
12 Grids Volume Mesh Fine Mid span cross-section June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 12
13 Case 1: Grid Convergence Study Alpha = 13 degrees Cell Count CL CD CM Coarse 10,697, Medium 30,785, Fine 91,675, June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 13
14 Case 1: Grid Convergence Study Alpha = 28 degrees Cell Count CL CD CM Coarse 10,697, Medium 30,785, Fine 91,675, June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 14
15 Case 1: Grid Convergence Study Alpha = 13 degrees Alpha = 28 degrees Grid Convergence Alpha 13 Grid Convergence Alpha CL CL Exp CD CD Exp CL CL Exp CD CD Exp CL CD CL CD N^(-2/3) N^(-2/3) June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 15
16 Case 1: Grid Convergence Study Lift Curve Experimental Data (Config 1) Coa rs e Medium Fine CL Alpha June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 16
17 Case 1: Grid Convergence Study Drag Curve Experimental Data (Config 1) Coa rs e Medium Fine CD Alpha June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 17
18 Case 1: Grid Convergence Study Drag Polar Experimental Data (Config 1) Coa rs e Medium Fine CL C D June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 18
19 Case 1: Grid Convergence Study Moment Curve Experimental Data (Config 1) Coa rs e Medium Fine -0.2 CM Alpha June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 19
20 Case 2: Flap Deflection Prediction Study Configuration 1:Flap 25 degrees Alpha CL CD CM Configuration 8:Flap 20 degrees Alpha CL CD CM June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 20
21 Case 2: Flap Deflection Prediction Study Lift Curve Experimental Data (Config 1) Experimental Data (Config 8) Medium (Config 1) Medium (Config 8) CL Alpha June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 21
22 Case 2: Flap Deflection Prediction Study Drag Curve Experimental Data (Config 1) Experimental Data (Config 8) Medium (Config 1) Medium (Config 8) CD Alpha June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 22
23 Case 2: Flap Deflection Prediction Study Moment Curve Experimental Data (Config 1) Experimental Data (Config 8) Medium (Config 1) Medium (Config 8) -0.2 CM Alpha June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 23
24 Case 2: Flap Deflection Prediction Study Coarse Medium Fine a13 a28 June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 24
25 Body Pod Flow Reversal: Case 2 Medium Fine a13 a28 June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 25
26 Flap Separation: Case 1 Coarse Medium Fine a13 a28 June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 26
27 Flap Separation: Case 2 Medium Fine a13 a28 June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 27
28 Flow Confluence: Coarse MidSpan Tip a13 a28 June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 28
29 Flow Confluence: Medium MidSpan Tip a13 a28 June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 29
30 Flow Confluence: Fine MidSpan Tip a13 a28 June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 30
31 Flow Confluence: Stowed Medium MidSpan Tip a13 a28 June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 31
32 Turbulence Model Study Lift Curve Experimental Data (Config 1) Medium ke Medium SA 2 CL Alpha June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 32
33 Turbulence Model Study Drag Curve Experimental Data (Config 1) Medium ke Medium SA CD Alpha June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 33
34 Turbulence Model Study Drag Polar Experimental Data (Config 1) Medium ke Medium SA CL C D June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 34
35 Turbulence Model Study Moment Curve 0 Experimental Data (Config 1) -0.1 Medium ke Medium SA -0.2 CM Alpha June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 35
36 Summary Cooperative effort between Swift Engineering and BETA CAE Systems 100 Million cell limit is a very tight constraint for High Lift Prediction Solution was path dependent Restart from previous alpha is preferable Solution was grid dependent Improved correlation on revised grids Solution was turbulence model dependent Realizable K-Epsilon Model under-predicted CLmax relative to Spalart Allmaras model on the same grid Realizable K-Epsilon Model did a better job of predicting the stall angle than Spalart Allmaras on the same grid. Medium Grid level begins to accurately capture flow phenomenon Flap Side of Body separation Confluent Boundary Layers Grid convergence at lower angles was reasonable Grid convergence not achieved at angles close to CLmax June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 36
37 Conclusions on Revised Study Initial grid effort resulted in poor correlation with experimental data Larger grids yet poorer convergence Key areas too coarse (e.g., Leading Edge Regions) Revised grids showed better correlation with experimental data Fewer prism layers Refinement on the surface as well as Slat and Flap gaps Lower cell count in Coarse and Medium grids Results still under-predicted CLmax region June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 37
38 Conclusions on Revised Study Grid refinement study emphasized importance of proper grid modeling to obtain good correlation Results presented by Metacomp at the workshop using CFD++ on AIAA provided grids with the Spalart Allmaras turbulence model showed slightly better correlation with the experimental data than those obtained in this study with Spalart Allmaras Further grid refinements could improve correlation Realizable K-Epsilon turbulence model was likely not the proper choice Spalart Allmaras correlation was better than Realizable K-Epsilon Metacomp s workshop results using CFD++ with the K-Epsilon RT model showed noticeably better correlation with the experimental data than the Realizable K-Epsilon results presented in this study K-Epsilon RT model should be investigated June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 38
39 Proposed Future Work Run AIAA provided grids for comparison Refine grids further Investigate other turbulence models such as K-Epsilon RT June st High Lift Prediction Workshop 39
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