Electronic Voting System : the case of Belgium
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1 Electronic Voting System : the case of Belgium Belgian Ministry of Interior Elections Unit ( : Stéphan DE MUL Henri SNYERS David VAN KERCKHOVEN Brussels, 3 December 2008
2 Belgium The Belgian voting system The Belgian electronic voting system The future of electronic voting in Belgium
3 The Belgian Electoral System : voting system based on a poll tax : universal suffrage tempered by the plural voting : universal suffrage for the men since 1948 : plain universal suffrage (men-women) 1893 : compulsory voting 1899 : majority system ----> proportional representation
4 Compulsory voting Why? a) Political and historical considerations b) Philosophical considerations Principle Sanctions Temperance : vote by proxy Turnout : 91%
5 The franchise 4 conditions : years old 2. Inscribed in the registers of population of a Belgian municipality (of register of an Embassy for federal elections) 3. Belgian (for local elections : also European and not European with 5 years of residence in Belgium) 4. Not excluded or suspended from the right to vote (prison sentence of at least 4 months)
6 Voter s list When? : 80th day before elections (Federal) Who? The persons who are inscribed in the registers of population of the municipality and who fulfill the conditions are automaticaly on the voter s list and will receive a notification to go to the polling station
7 Eligibility 4 Conditions : 1) Belgian (European for local and European elections) 2) enjoying civil and political rights 3) 21 years : Europe Senate Chamber 18 years : Regions province - municipality 4) living in Belgium (European Union for European elections)
8 Electoral offices Principal constituency office (presentation of candidates + division of the seats and designation of those elected)/principal college office (S) Principal cantonal office (designation of the members of the vco and ps + results of the canton) Vote counting office (< ballot papers) Polling station (150 to 800 voters) In june 2007 : PS and 4087 VCO (no vco with electronic voting)
9 Vote counting office + Polling station VCO : 1 chairman + 4 assessors (appointed by the president of the principal office among a list of persons who have a certain job : judge, lawyer, civil servant, teachers, ) + 1 secretary (choice of the chairman) + witnesses of political parties PS : 1 chairman (idem VCO) + 4 assessors (appointed among the voters of this polling station) + 1 secretary (choice of the chairman) + witnesses of political parties
10 Voting operations the municipality is responsible for the equipment of the polling stations On Sunday (8.AM to 1.PM and 3.PM for electronic voting) The way of voting : - Vote for a list if you agree with the order of the candidates - Nominative vote : if you want to change the order of the candidates on the same list
11 Validity of the elections Each assembly take a decision concerning the validity of the election (separation of powers) : House of representatives, Senate, regional parliaments House of representatives for Europe Municipal elections : first instance the executive of the province + appeal before the Council of State
12 The Belgian electronic voting system : gradual introduction 1991 : Verlaine (Jites) and Waarschoot (Nedap) 1994 : Arr Antwerp (Digivote 1), Arr Liège (Jites 1) + Waarschoot (Digivote 1), Verlaine (Jites 1) + Brussels (3 cantons Digivote Jites 1) + German Community (Digivote 1) 1999 : Digivote 2 (Flandres + Brussels), Jites 2 (Hasselt, Lens, Durbuy) + optical reading (abandonned after elections 2003) 2003 : experiment ticketing (abandonned after elections 2003)
13 The Belgian electronic voting system : gradual introduction UNTIL 1995 : ELECTRONIC VOTERS ON THE VOTERS (20%) SINCE 1999 : ELECTRONIC VOTERS ON THE VOTERS (44%)
14 The Belgian electronic voting system : overview
15 Advantages of the electronic voting system Introduction of new technologies in the electoral process Number of members in the voting counting offices and the polling stations Cost The vote and the counting are easy Quick results
16 Players DIGIVOTE PROCEDURES JITES SUPPLIERS Change Mgt. Anal. Softw. College of Experts Indepent Control Org. Report Softw. Banksafe Owner Softw.
17 PREPARATION / DISTRIBUTION Flow Chairm. Canton pw Chairm. Polling Stat. pw pw COUNTING Canton HQ Polling stations
18 POLLING STATION MASTER BACK-UP Voter Control : Id + Voter s card MAGNETIC CARD V O T I N G M A C H.
19 Security MI = owner software Voting machines are checked -> twice before Electionday PC Chairman + Voting machines: only magnetic card reader and floppy (no harddisk, ) Very accurate voter s list ( one voter / one vote ) System is loaded on Electionday / Standalone PC s Use of Password (in secured envelop) Ballot box is sealed (seal is numbered)
20 Security Reference Votes (begin, end, by repare) Never connection between Voter and Expressed Vote All sensitive data are encrypted Voter can visualise his vote (but no change possible) SLA s : voting machine 2 Hours ballot box ½ Hour Recounting always possible (magnetic cards)
21 STERIA : DIGIVOTE EQUIPMENT CHAIRMAN VOTING MACHINE
22 STESUD : JITES EQUIPMENT Chairman Voting Machine
23 COUNTING STATION Flow Control pw Result EID
24 Transparancy Source Code distributed to Political Parties Source Code on the Internet Possibility to exercise (Voter) on the Internet
25 The future of electronic voting in Belgium Accord de coopération du 14 juillet 2005 Etude des normes techniques et organisationnelles pour un nouveau système de vote électronique > 31/12/2008 Etude universitaire : Systèmes électroniques dans le monde Concept d un nouveau système idéal pour la Belgique
26 The future of electronic voting in Belgium Résolutions de la Chambre et du Sénat des 10 et 18 juillet 2008 : 1. Possibilité d utiliser Jites et Digivote en juin Expérimentation d un nouveau système de vote électronique en Extension du nouveau système de vote électronique après 2009
27 The future of electronic voting in Belgium Test de 20% du hardware dans chaque commune Volonté des communes : 201/201 : accord pour utiliser leur système en juin 2009
28 The future of electronic voting in Belgium Décision CM du 25 juillet 2008 : - Signature de l accord de coopération avec les Régions qui le désirent OK de la Région flamande - Lancement de l avis de marché (1/9 au BA et 3/9 au JO de l UE) procédure négociée
29 Electronic Voting System : the case of Belgium Thank you very much for your attention Questions? Stéphan De Mul [email protected] Henri Snyers [email protected] David Van Kerckhoven [email protected] Elections Unit Belgian Ministry of Interior
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