Through Non-Linear Applied Behavior Analysis. Facilitator s Manual. Gary W. LaVigna Thomas J. Willis John Q. Marshall

Transcription

1 Through Non-Linear Applied Behavior Analysis Facilitator s Manual Gary W. LaVigna Thomas J. Willis John Q. Marshall

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3 Positive Practices in Behavioral Support Through Non-Linear Applied Behavior Analysis Facilitator s Manual Gary W. LaVigna Thomas J. Willis John Q. Marshall 2009 Institute for Applied Behavior Analysis Los Angeles, California

4 Contact Information Gary W. LaVigna, Ph.D., BCBA-D, Clinical Director Thomas J. Willis, Ph.D., Associate Director Institute for Applied Behavior Analysis 5777 West Century Blvd., Suite 675 Los Angeles, California USA Telephone: +1 (310) Fax: +1 (310) John Q. Marshall, Jr. Director of Professional Training Services Institute for Applied Behavior Analysis PO Box 5743 Greenville, South Carolina USA Telephone: +1 (864) Fax: +1 (864) Toll Free (USA & Canada): 1 (800) Copyright 2009 Institute for Applied Behavior Analysis. All Rights Reserved. Duplication Prohibited Except as Noted in the Forward of This Manual.

5 Positive Practices in Behavioral Support Module 1 Nonaversive Behavioral Support and Basic Principles of Positive Programming Gary W. LaVigna, Ph.D., BCBA-D Lecture Notes Prepared By: Institute for Applied Behavior Analysis Gary W. LaVigna Thomas J. Willis 2009 by the Institute for Applied Behavior Analysis All rights are reserved

6 TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPORT OF VALUES Social role valorization: The enablement, establishment, enhancement, maintenance, and/or defense of valued social roles for people by using, as much as possible, culturally valued means (Wolfensberger, 1983). 1. Community presence and participation, in ways that are age appropriate and valued by society. 2. Autonomy and self determination, through the exercise of increasingly informed choice. 3. Continuous involvement in the ongoing process of becoming. 4. Increasing independence and productivity, to the point of economic self sufficiency. 5. The opportunity to develop a full range of social relationships and friendships.

7 SESSION 1. In t r o d u c t io n A. The Institute for Applied Behavior Analysis B. ABA in Support of Values 1. Social role valorization: The enablement, establishment, enhancement, maintenance, and/ or defense of valued social roles for people by using, as much as possible, culturally valued means (Wolfensberger, 1983) 2. Community presence and participation, in ways that are age appropriate and valued by society 3. Autonomy and self determination, through the exercise of increasingly informed choice 4. Continuous involvement in the ongoing process of becoming 5. Increasing independence and productivity, to the point of economic self sufficiency 6. The opportunity to develop a full range of social relationships and friendships C. Definition of terms Punishment: 1. The contingent presentation of a stimulus or event, resulting in a future decrease in response strength. 2. The contingent withdrawal of a stimulus or event, resulting in a future decrease in response strength. Aversive: A stimulus or event one would ordinarily act to avoid. A No n -Lin e a r ABA Fr a m e w o r k Nonaversive Behavioral Support A. Why people use punishment: 1. Response Alternatives 2. Child rearing practices 3. Modeling effect 4. Literature 5. Expert consultation 6. Myth of effectiveness 7. Reinforcement histories Page 4

8 8. Responses to problem behavior a. Treatment b. Protection c. Anger/aggression/emotion B. If we wish to change the basic strategies we use, a longitudinal program of behavior change, with us as the learner, is necessary. C. Ethical considerations: 1. Conditions 2. Functionality D. Administrative and legal considerations: 1. Legislation 2. Court findings 3. Agency rules and regulations E. Empirical and clinical considerations: 1. Is punishment necessary for effectiveness? a. Speed and degree of effects: over time and within an episode b. Durability c. Generalization d. Side effects e. Social validity f. Clinical/Educational validity 2. Interim Summary Page 5

9 Outcome Measures Speed & Degree of Effects Durability of Effects Generalization of Effects Side Effects Social Validity Educational/ Clinical Validity Over Time Episodic Severity Support Plans Proactive Strategies Reactive Strategies Ecological Strategies Positive Programming Focused Support Active Listening Settings Interactions Instructional Methods Instructional Goals Environmental Pollutants (e.g., noise, crowding) Number and Characteristics of Other People General Skills Development Functionally Equivalent Functionally Related Coping and Tolerance Differential Schedules of Reinforcement Antecedent Control Instructional Control Stimulus Satiation Etc. Stimulus Change Crisis Resolution Observations Data Collection Interview Records Review Interaction Test Situations Analysis Report Writing Assessment Process Content Materials Referral Information Background Information Functional Analysis Mediator Analysis Motivational Analysis Assessment Guide and User's Manual Reinforcement Surveys Communication Functions Instrument Report Format Mediation General Training Specific Compliance Natural Specialized Social Change Agents Professional Page 6

10 Breaking the Barriers to Social & Community Integration: A Non-linear ABA Framework for Research, Support and Training I N D E P E N D E N T V A R I A B L E S Assessment PROCESS CONTENT MATERIALS ECOLOGICAL STRATEGIES Support Plans PROACTIVE STRATEGIES POSITIVE PROGRAMMING SERVICE DESIGN General Specialized Mediation Training Compliance Natural Social Change Agents FOCUSED SUPPORT Specific Professional REACTIVE STRATEGIES SITUATIONAL MANAGEMENT OUTCOMES DEPENDENT VARIABLES SPEED & DEGREE OF EFFECTS Durability of Effects Generalization of Effects Side Effects Social Validity Educational/ Clinical Validity Over Time Episodic Severity Page 7