ASBESTOS MANAGEMENT PLAN Management of Asbestos-Containing Materials (ACMs)

Transcription

1 East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust ASBESTOS MANAGEMENT PLAN Management of Asbestos-Containing Materials (ACMs) Links to: Control of Asbestos at Work Policy Health & Safety Policy Untoward Incident Reporting Policy Owner: Director of Operations Lead: Estates Manager Version: 3.0 Approved By: Operational Governance Group Date: 31 May 2013 Review September: 2014 Equality Impact Assessment: July 2009 Policy ID: OP/03/14 Version Control

2 Document Location The source of the document will be found in the Library folder located in the EMAS public drive (S:) Revision History Revision date Previous Summary of changes revision date February 2008 N/A New Policy for EMAS Trust February 2009 February 2008 Review date extended August 2009 February 2009 Full Review. Ownership moved to Operations May 2013 August 2011 Full Review Approvals This document requires approval from the following: Name Date of Approval Version Healthcare Governance Committee 21 February Healthcare Governance Committee 27 February Healthcare Governance Committee 07 August Operational Governance Group 31 May Distribution This document has been distributed to: Name Date Library (EMAS Public Drive) March 2014 Intranet March 2014 All Staff March 2014

3 Contents Page 1. General 1 2. Overview 1 3. Introduction 2 4. Aims 3 5. Objectives 4 6. Roles and responsibilities 4 7. Local area controller 5 8. Training and awareness 6 9. Knowledge management Risk assessment Controlling work on the fabric of the building Controlling the condition of ACMs Monitor and review Reference information 11 Appendix 1 - List of individuals with key responsibilities Appendix 2 - List of Approved Controllers (to be established) Appendix 3 - Procedure for carrying out any maintenance or building work Appendix 4: Survey Types Appendix 5: Asbestos Containing Materials in Buildings

4 1.0 General Asbestos - What we should know 1.1 Although it is now illegal to use asbestos in the construction or refurbishment of any premises, many thousands of tonnes of it where used in the past and much of it is still in place. As long as it is in good condition and is not being or going to be disturbed or damaged there is no risk. 1.2 If (one hundred percent) was the numerical value of all the asbestos that was used in the construction of premises many years ago only ten to fifteen percent of the installed asbestos has been removed to date. 1.3 Breathing in air containing asbestos fibres (ACMs) can lead to asbestos related diseases mainly cancers of the lungs and chest lining. 1.4 Asbestos is only a risk to health if asbestos fibres are released into the air and breathed in. 1.5 There are three main types of asbestos still found today. These are called blue asbestos (Crocidolite), brown asbestos (Amosite), and white asbestos (Chrysolite). All of them are dangerous but blue and brown asbestos are more hazardous than white. They cannot be identified by their colour alone. 2.0 Overview 2.1 East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust s (EMAS) site(s) have been surveyed and the information stored on an electronic system called ENVACS. The management of Asbestos Containing Materials (ACMs) ensures that: a) This information is managed and kept up to date and b) Is disseminated to those who need to receive information about the location of ACMs 2.2 In addition, measures are in place to ensure any ACMs that deteriorate or become damaged are identified and remedial action taken to repair, remove or isolate them. These measures ensure, as far as is reasonable practicable, that ACMs are kept in good condition and that EMAS employees or others do not work on them unknowingly or unsafely. 2.3 In summary this asbestos management plan describes: a) The roles and responsibilities or employees of EMAS in respect of the management of ACMS b) General employee awareness and competent person training requirements May 2013 V 3.0 Page 1 of 11

5 c) Management of information on ACMs on EMAS site(s) d) Risk assessment of ACMs e) Controlling maintenance and building work on ACMs f) Ensuring ACMs are maintained in good condition g) Arrangements for monitoring and reviewing this management policy 3.0 Introduction 3.1 EMAS is committed to the effective management of ACMs to ensure that their employees and others are not exposed to significant concentrations of asbestos fibre. 3.2 The Controls of Asbestos at Work Regulations (CAWR) 2002 came into force on 21 November 2002, and introduced a new Regulation 4, the duty to manage. This regulation came into force on 21 May 2004 following an 18 month lead in period. This regulation is designed to protect those who work within a building that contains asbestos and those that may work in the fabric of the building. The regulation requires that the risk from asbestos in nondomestic premises must be managed. 3.3 Work with asbestos is covered principally by the CAWR; by the Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations 1983 (amended 1998); and by the Prohibitions regulations from (amended 1999). All of these regulations were made under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HSW Act). Elements of the work are also covered by other HSW Act regulations including the Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1992, the Personal Protective Equipment Regulations and the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations There are three approved codes of practice dealing specifically with asbestos: Work with asbestos which does not normally require a licence (fourth edition) (L27) Work with asbestos insulation, asbestos coating and asbestos insulating board (fourth edition) (L28) The management of asbestos in non-domestic premises (L127) 3.4 There is a host of other guidance, the most important of which, for licensed contractors, is the guidance on the Licensing regulations. In addition, new guidance for licensed asbestos removal contracts and analytical laboratories is in development. 3.5 Research in 1995 suggested that the largest group of workers now at risk from asbestos-related diseases are those in the building-related trades, such as carpenters, electricians, cable installers. These workers are particularly May 2013 V 3.0 Page 2 of 11

6 vulnerable because they are often working in unfamiliar surroundings; drilling through panels, removing partitions or ceilings, crawling through roof spaces etc, and may be unaware that asbestos is present. This means that they may unknowingly, be exposing themselves to asbestos. Appendix 3 lists commonly found ACMs. 3.6 The activities where these ACMs could be disturbed include the following: Major building works (refurbishment/demolition) Planned maintenance work Emergency/reactive maintenance 3.7 In line with HSE guidelines, there is no policy to remove ACMs, but to manage them and only remove where necessary. As a consequence, systems and procedures are being put in place to control the day-to-day activities on the fabric of EMAS premises. 3.8 This asbestos management plan (referred to as the plan from hereon), outlines: 4.0 Aims 4.1 To ensure that: EMAS s approach the asbestos management Roles and responsibilities of key personnel in delivering the plan Training provided to key personnel The acquirement and management of knowledge on the ACMs present in EMAS premises Procedures and systems for the day to day management of work on ACMs Procedures for monitoring the condition of ACMs Auditing and monitoring of the plan Review of the plan All work on the fabric of any EMAS premises is carried out in a controlled manner to ensure employees, contractors and members of the public are not exposed to significant asbestos fibre concentrations; and May 2013 V 3.0 Page 3 of 11

7 5.0 Objectives 5.1 To ensure that: EMAS employees, contractors and members of the public are not exposed to significant asbestos fibre concentrations, due to the poor condition of ACMs. Key persons are identified and training in the deliver of this plan Information about the presence of ACMs. Is recorded and maintained and disseminated to all those who need to know Work on the fabric of EMAS premises is controlled to ensure that any work on ACMs is carried out in a safe manner ACMs are maintained in good condition or, where in poor condition, they are repaired, removed or isolated The plan is monitored and reviewed for its continued effectiveness 6.0 Roles and Responsibilities 6.1 Management of asbestos for EMAS is controlled by EMAS. Their role is to: Oversee the asbestos management plan Ensure that the asbestos management plan is implemented and continues to be effective Ensure that it is disseminated to all relevant parties Ensure that all personnel with responsibilities under this management plan are aware of their responsibilities Ensure that all key persons receives training commensurate with their responsibilities under this plan Ensure that effective systems and procedures are in place to prevent uncontrolled work on ACMs and to ensure employees and others are not exposed to ACMs as a result of their location or condition Ensure that ACMs that become deteriorated or damaged are repaired removed or isolated Ensure that the asbestos management plan is reviewed annually Make sure amendments are made to the asbestos management plan, where necessary, as a result of the annual review or where during the course of the year deficiencies are highlighted May 2013 V 3.0 Page 4 of 11

8 7.0 Local Area Controller (LAC) 7.1 The role of the LAC, will be established and the LAC will be aware of the systems and procedures for controlling building work and ensure these are followed in their part of the business. The LAC will also monitor the condition of ACMs or materials that are presumed to be ACMs. The role of LAC will therefore be to: Ensure that all works in their part of the business follow safe working procedures for work on the building or ant plant or equipment (see paragraphs 35 40) Monitor building condition for signs of damage or deterioration to know or presumed ACMs Report significant deterioration or damage to the Estates Manager 7.2 Fundamental to their role, particularly where the reporting of damage to ACMs is concerned, is their understanding of what constitutes significant damage and deterioration. In essence, slight superficial scratches and deterioration of paint to ACMs may be unsightly, but would not constitute a cause for concern. Whereas cracked Asbestos Insulating Board (AIB) ceiling tiles with holes in, may warrant immediate attention. The LAC therefore needs to understand what simply needs monitoring for further signed of deterioration and what needs reporting immediately. 7.3 This will mean that every premise will have a responsible person who: Has received appropriate training Understands how to inspect building materials for damage and deterioration and knows when this is significant Is the first point of contact, for that sit, for asbestos issues and knows who to contact when damage and deterioration is found or for any other asbestos issue Knows what to expect from building trades in relation to asbestos 7.4 General EMAS Workforce and Maintenance Operatives EMAS general workforce does not have any duties under this plan. However, all staff should report any significant damage to building materials to the LAC for further investigation Maintenance operatives required to understand the principles of the asbestos management plan in essence the steps that they need to follow before doing any work on the building, plant or equipment (see paragraphs 35 40) May 2013 V 3.0 Page 5 of 11

9 8.0 Training and Awareness 8.1 It is essential that those with responsibilities under this plan receive the necessary training to help them fulfil their responsibilities. This training takes different forms depending on the individual s responsibility. In addition, all employees will receive a basic level of awareness training. This is outlined below. 8.2 All Employees All employees will have a basic general awareness of asbestos that should include: 8.3 Maintenance Operatives Health effects of asbestos and that ACMs in good condition pose no risk to their health How EMAS manage their ACMs What to expect from maintenance and building operatives What to do if they find damaged asbestos Maintenance operatives need to know the procedures they will follow before doing any work on the fabric of the building or any plant or equipment. 8.4 Local Area Controller As these individual have specific responsibilities, they will receive the following training: Health effects of asbestos and that ACMs in good conditions pose no risk to their health How EMAS manage their ACMs ACMs and where they are found (in particular within EMAS premises) and where this information is held What the procedures are for reporting damage to ACMs and what is meant by significant damage The procedures for arranging and carrying out any maintenance work on the fabric of the building This training can be achieved through team briefings for all employees and by sending key individuals on a general awareness training course. To ensure employees remain aware of the asbestos management plan and relevant procedures, information will be posted on notice boards, re-iterated at future briefings or similar. May 2013 V 3.0 Page 6 of 11

10 8.5 Contractors Where appropriate, contracts will be made aware of procedures for managing ACMs in EMAS before they arrive on site or immediately after they arrive on site. 9.0 Knowledge Management 9.1 Surveys and Asbestos Register (ENVACS) EMAS have completed surveys of it 39 sites (type 2 surveys, see appendix 2) and records information about its ACMs on the ENVACS system. This system provides an electronic record of all surveyed EMAS properties. It provides information about the material s ability to release fibres, if disturbed, and the likelihood of it being disturbed. This database incorporates photographic, tabular, graphical and CADdrive software This electronic record provides a living data of EMAS ACMs. Individual records should be updated when: Work have been completed on the ACM and reported to the controlling department (see paragraph 12) From completed annual re-inspection, where new information about condition or any other criteria requires updating (see paragraph 41) It is extremely important that the record of ACMs remains accurate. Therefore, consideration needs to be given to mechanisms for feeding back relevant information and making the necessary amendments 10.0 Risk Assessment 10.1 The purpose of a risk assessment is to prioritise the relative risk posed by ACMs so that an effective management plan can be produced. This allows decisions to be made about the relative urgency by which ACMs sold be dealt with and considers not only the material but also the likelihood of it being disturbed. MDHS 100 (Surveying sampling and assessment of asbestos containing materials) describes the material assessment and HSG 227 (a comprehensive guide to managing asbestos in premises) describes the priority assessment The material assessment sets out to establish the relative ability of various types of ACMs to release asbestos fibre due to their product and asbestos type, condition and any surface treatment, should they be disturbed The priority assessment considered the likelihood of the ACMs being disturbed due to the type, level and frequency of occupancy and the level of maintenance in the building. May 2013 V 3.0 Page 7 of 11

11 10.4 Asbestos surveys are reported on ENVACS. ENVACS reports in terms of an assessment of the ability of the material to release fibres, if disturbed, and an assessment of the likelihood of the material being disturbed The ENVACS risk assessment places ACMs into risk bands using the totalled scores, which are as follows: Risk Band A 18 points or more high risk, urgent action Risk Band B points medium risk, requiring near term attention Risk Band C 9 13 points low risk requiring regular inspection Risk Band D 1 8 points minor risk requiring annual inspection Risk Band E 0 points no action 10.6 Recommendations are made on which management options should be selected to deal with these ACMs. Based on these banded scores, EMAS carries out the recommended action. These actions include removal and repair and where necessary, isolation of the ACM until this remedial work can be performed. Therefore, the ACMs of greatest concern are being dealt with Management options from these risk bands may recommend the repair or removal of an ACM or in the short term the isolation of an ACM. This simply means that access to the ACM is prevented and only personnel from an LARC are allowed in the area. For example, the presence of a sprayed coating to structural steelwork in a roof void may result in the void being isolated. The sprayed coating may be in good condition but to allow contractors into the roof void would risk them coming into contact with the coating. The risk management approach would be to avoid any work in the isolated area, seeking alternative methods that avoid the need for access. If they work is unavoidable and cannot be done in another way (i.e. routing new services through an alternative route) the work may have to be carried out by an LARC of the area made safe by the LARC The score in ENVACS and therefore the risk banding for each ACM is reconfirmed at each re-inspection. If a re-inspection re-scores an ACM, due to a change in condition or any other factor, and this results in the ACM moving to a higher risk band, action is taken as appropriate. May 2013 V 3.0 Page 8 of 11

12 11.0 Controlling Work In The Fabric Of The Building 11.1 Principle of Controlling Work There are several elements to be considered when control work on ACMs. These are: Planning - Sufficient planning should be given to any works involving the disturbance of building materials, and therefore possible ACMs, so that proper consideration can be given to the best way forward. This planning should also consider whether the work, assuming it is going to disturb ACMs, is necessary or can be carried out another way. Awareness and Training general awareness training and more specific training, where necessary, means that employees are aware of the procedures for the control of building works. A knowledge base information about the location of ACMs in EMAS premises is held in ENVACS and supplied to those who need the information through electronic and paper versions. Safe working Procedures A procedure by which all maintenance personnel and contractors know the steps to take before starting working (see paragraphs 35 40) The activities where ACMs could be disturbed include the following: Major building works Planned maintenance work and emergency/reactive maintenance work 11.2 Controlling Building Maintenance Work Maintenance work includes planned and unplanned maintenance on the fabric of the building, process plant, and building electrics etc. Building work includes refurbishment and demolition works. The general principle for all these is, if there s a potential to disturb ant material, whether the fabric of the building or any piece of plant, a series of checks should be made to determine if ACMs are present. Fundamental to the effectiveness of this control, is that the following individuals and departments are aware of this procedure: Chief Executive and all department heads (Trust) Planning / architects specialists who may under take work on trust premises The trusts appointed maintenance providers May 2013 V 3.0 Page 9 of 11

13 11.3 When building or maintenance work (planned or unplanned) is required, the steps taken will depend on the knowledge of the presence or otherwise of ACMs is the intended area of work. The steps are as follows (these are also represented as a flow chart in Appendix 1) 11.4 The register (ENVACS) is checked, by the planning, maintenance or other relevant personnel, to see if the areas of planned work has been fully surveyed, the survey must have been non-invasive and not broken through into partition walls or other cavities. If the planned work will involve breaking through into non-surveyed areas, a type 3 (invasive, see appendix) survey should be commissioned If a new material is unexpectedly found (i.e. the area was surveyed but the discovered material was in an area concealed and not predicted) it should be assessed. If the discovered material to be disturbed is obviously nonasbestos (i.e. brick, breeze block, stone, wood, glass, metal, plastic, rubber or solid plaster), the work can proceed. If it is not, a sample should be taken for asbestos content or an immediate survey commissioned 11.6 If asbestos is present, consideration is given to finding an alternative way of completing the work (e.g. routing services by a different route or cancelling the work If the work that will disturb the ACM has to be competed, a licensed asbestos removal contractor is commissioned to do the work (e.g. drill holes) or remove the ACM To ensure the continued effectiveness of this procedure, consideration should be given to posting the requirements in a key area within the trusts premises or anywhere else where the trust commissions work If contractors are being brought in to perform building works, the presence or otherwise of ACMs is checked before they arrive on site. If contractors are working in areas where ACMs are present, although not working on them, they are still informed of its presence Controlling the Condition Of ACMs 12.1 Condition monitoring should be carried out to ensure that ACMs are maintained in good condition and to detect deterioration at an early stage. Condition monitoring should be carried out: Formally every 12 months unless certain ACMs are deemed to require more or less frequent inspections Informally ACMs or presumed ACMs showing signed of significant deterioration or damage may be reported by: i ii LACS Any EMAS employee (through the LAC) May 2013 V 3.0 Page 10 of 11

14 12.2 Any damaged or deteriorated ACM is risk assessed and remedial action taken as necessary. 13. Monitor and Review 13.1 The management plan and all systems and procedures will be regularly reviewed This should include: A full annual review of all systems and procedure Audits to ensure: Condition inspections are being carried out Maintenance / building works are following the correct procedures including checks that trained individuals are on site. A review of the risk assessment and the information on the current status of ACMs within the East Midlands Ambulance Services estate Reference Information L127 The Management of asbestos in non domestic premises approved code and guidance HSG227 A comprehensive guide to managing asbestos in premises MDHS 100 Surveying, sampling and assessment of asbestos containing materials May 2013 V 3.0 Page 11 of 11

15 List of individuals with key responsibilities Appendix 1 EMAS Employees including lists of all individual site locations and LACs Controlling Department Local Building Management Safety Advisers EMAS Estates Department EMAS Estates Department EMAS Risk and Safety Department External Support Services EMAS Estates Department

16 Appendix 2 List of Approved Controllers (to be established) EMAS

17 Appendix 3 Procedure for carrying out any maintenance or building work Check asbestos register Did the survey include all the areas to be worked on (e.g. are you breaking through partition walls or other such voids?) Yes NO Seek advice from Estates Manager Complete work safely NO Is asbestos present? Yes Stop or carry out the work without disturbing the ACMs NO Does the work need carrying out or can it be performed without disturbing the ACM? Contact Estates Manager

18 Appendix 4 Survey Types Type 1- The presumptive survey requires that any materials that can reasonably be expected to contain asbestos. This presumption may be strong or weak but it cannot be disregarded unless there is other evidence to support a reasoned argument that the materials are highly unlikely to contain asbestos (architect s specification, material which has never been known to contact asbestos, building dates etc none of these may be sufficient in themselves). Type 2 - The sampling survey requires that sampling and analysis is used to reinforce or clarify the conclusions reached in the presumptive survey. The number of samples taken will vary markedly according to the type and position of ACMs on the premises by the number should be representative of these materials. This type of survey does not require the identification of ACMs for which it would be unreasonable to do so by virtue of their position i.e. they are hidden difficult to reach or part of the inaccessible fabric of the building. Type 3 The full access survey/invasive survey/destructive survey requires the identification of all ACMs on the premises whether or not they are hidden, difficult to reach or part of the inaccessible fabric of the building. This type of survey is already required by CAWR prior to a major refurbishment or demolition and will continue to be required in these circumstances. The present regulations however allow a presumption based upon the worst vase both in terms of the presence of ACMs and the type of asbestos.

19 Asbestos Containing materials in buildings (Listed in approximate order of ease of fibre release) Asbestos Product Location/use Asbestos content and Type/Date last used Loose Insulation Appendix 5 Ease of fibre release and product names Bulk loose fill, bulk fibre filled mattresses, quilts and blankets. Also jiffy bag type products used for sound insulation Sprayed Coatings Bulk loose fill insulation is now rarely found but may be encountered unexpectedly, e.g. DIY loft insulation and fire-stop packing around cables between floors. Mattresses and quilts used for thermal insulation of industrial boilers were filled with loose asbestos. Paper bags/sacks were also loose filled and use for sound insulation under floors and in walls Usually pure asbestos except for lining/bag. Mattresses and quilts were usually filled with crocidolite and chrysotile. Acoustic insulation may contain corcidolite or chrysotile. Loose asbestos may readily become airborne is disturbed. If dry, these materials can give rise to high exposures. Covers may deteriorate or be easily damaged by repair work or accidental contact. Dry applied wet applied and trowelled finish Thermal and anti-condensation insulation on underside or roofs and sometimes die of industrial buildings and warehouses. Acoustic insulation in theatres halls etc. Fire protection on steel and reinforced concrete beams/columns and on underside of floors. Over spray of target Sprayed coatings usually 55 85% asbestos with a Portland cement binder. Crocidolite was the major type until Mixture of types including crocidolite until mid Asbestos spray applications were used up to The surface hardness, texture and ease of fibre release will vary significantly depending on a number of factors. Sprays have a high potential for fibre release if unsealed, particularly if knocked or the surface is abraded or delaminates from the underlaying surface. Dust released may then

20 Thermal Insulation areas is common. accumulate on false ceilings wiring and ventilation systems. Limpet (also used for nonasbestos sprays). Hand applied, thermal lagging, pipe and boiler lagging, preformed pip sections, slabs, blocks. Also tape, tope corrugated paper, quilts felt and blankets. Asbestos Boards Thermal insulation of pipes, boilers, pressure vessels, calorifiers etc. All types of asbestos have been used. Croidolite used in lagging until Amosite was phased out by the manufacturers during the 70s. Contents vary 6 85%. Various ad-hoc mixtures were hand applied on joints bends and pipe runs. Pre-formed sections were widely used e.g. 85% magnesia contained 15% Amosite, Caposil Calsium silicate slabs and blocks contained 8 30% Amosite while Caposite sections contains ~ 85% Amosite. Blankets, felts and papers were usually ~ 100% chrysotile. The ease of fibre release often depended on the type of lagging used and the surface treatment. Often will be encapsulated with calico and painted (e.g. PVA, EVA, Latex, bitumen or proprietary polymer emulsions or PVC, Neoprene solutions) e.g. Decadex finish is a proprietary polymer emulsion. A harder chemical/weather resistant finish is known as bulldog. Millboard Millboard was used for general heat insulation and fire protection. Also used for insulation of electrical equipment and plant. Crocidolite was used in some millboard manufactured between 1896 and 1965; usually chrysotile. Millboard may contain 37 97T asbestos, with a matrix of clay and starch. Asbestos millboard has a high asbestos content and low density so is quite easy to break and the surface is subject to abrasion and wear

21 Insulating Board Insulation board in cores and linings of composite products Paper, Felt and Cardboards Paper, Felt and Cardboards Used for fire protection, thermal and acoustic insulation, resistance to moisture movement and general building board. Found in service ducts, firebreaks, infill panels, partitions and ceilings (including ceiling tiles), roof underlay, wall lining external canopies and porch linings Found in fire doors, cladding infill panels, domestic boiler casings, partition and ceiling panels, oven linings and suspended floor systems. Used for thermal insulation and sometimes as acoustic attenuators. Used for electrical/heat insulation of electrical equipment, wiring and plant. Also used in some air conditioning systems as insulation and acoustic lining. Asbestos paper has also been used to reinforce bitumen and other products and as a facing/lining to flooring products, combustible boards, flame resistant laminate. Corrugated cardboard has been used for duct and pipe insulation Crocidolite used for some boards up to Amosite up to 1980 when manufacture ceased. Usually 15 20% Amosite or a mixture of Amosite and Chrysotile in calcium silicate. Older boards and some Marie boards contain up to 40% asbestos Crocidolite used for some boards up to 1965, Amosite up to 1980 when manufacture ceased % Amosite or a mixture of Amosite and Chrysotile. Asbestos paper contacts ~ 100% Chrysotile asbestos but may be incorporated as a lining, facing or reinforcement for other products, e.g. roofing felt and damp-proof courses, steel composite wall cladding and roofing (see asbestos bitumen products below) vinyl flooring. Asbestos paper is also sometimes found in MMMF insulation on steam pipes AIB can be readily broken, given significant fibre release. Also significant surface release is possible by abrasion but surface is usually painted or plastered. Sawing and drilling will also give significant releases. Asbestolux, Turnasbestos, LDR asbestos wall board insulation board. Marine boards known as Marinite or Shipboard. Can be broken by impacts significant surface release possible by abrasion by usually painted or plastered. Sawing and drilling will also given significant releases. Paper materials if not encapsulated/combined within vinyl, bitumen or bonded in some way can easily be damaged and release fibres when subject to abrasion or wear (e.g. worn flooring surgace with paper backing). Asbestos paper asbestos felt, Novilon flooring, Durasteel laminates vinyl asbestos file,

22 Textiles Ropes and yarns Used as a lagging on pipes (see above) joining and packing materials and as beat/fire resistant boiler, oven and flue sealing. Caulking in brickwork. Plaited asbestos tubing in electric cable. Cloth Thermal insulation and lagging (see above) including fire resisting blankets, mattresses and protective curtains, gloves, aprons, overalls etc. Curtains, gloves etc. Were sometime aluminised to reflect heat. Gaskets and Washers Used in domestic hot water boilers to industrial power and chemical plant Strings Used for sealing hot water radiators Crocidolite and Chrysotile were widely used due to length of flexibility of fibres. Other types of asbestos have occasionally been used in the past Chrysotile alone since at least Asbestos content approaching 100% unless combined with other fibres. All types of asbestos have been used in the past. Since the mid 1960s the vast majority has been Chrysotile. Asbestos contact approaching 100% Variable but usually around 90% asbestos, crocidolite used for acid resistance and chrysotile for chlorialkali, some gasket materials will continue to be used after asbestos prohibition take effect 43. Strings have asbestos contents approaching 100% roofing felt and damp proof course etc. Paxfelt, Viceroy (foil coated paper), Serval Weaving reduces fibre release from products but abrading or cutting the materials will release fibres, likely to degrade if exposed, becoming more friable with age. If used with caulking fibres will be encapsulated and less likely to be released. Fibres may be released if material is abraded. May be dry and damage easily when removing. Mainly a problem for maintenance workers. Klingerit, CAF compressed asbestos fibre or It in German gaskets

23 Friction Products Resin Based Materials Transport, machinery and lifts, used for brakes and clutch plates % Chrysotile asbestos bond in phenolic resins. Used up to 2000 Drive belts/conveyor belts Engines, conveyors 45. Used Chrysotile textiles encapsulated in rubber Cement Products Profiled Sheets Semi-compressed flat sheet and partition board Roofing, wall cladding permanent shuttering, cooling tower elements Partitioning in farm buildings and infill panels for housing, shuttering in industrial buildings, decorative panels for facings, bath panels, soffits, linings to walls and ceiling, portable buildings propagation beds in horticulture, domestics structural uses, fire surrounds, 10 15% asbestos (some flexible boards contain a small proportion of cellulose). Crocidotlie ( ) and amosite ( ) have been used in the manufacturer of AC products, although Chrysotile (used until 2000) is by far the most common type found As above % asbestos. Also 10 25% chrysotile and some amosite for asbestos wood used for fire doors etc. Composite panels contained ~ 4% Chrysotile or crocidolite. Low friability, dust may build up with friction debris Low friability except when work to exposed textiles. Likely to release increasing levels of fibres is abraded hand sawn or working on with power tools. Exposed surfaces and acid conditions will remove cement matrix concentrate unbound fibres on surfaces and sheet laps. Cleaning A/C roofs may also release fibres, Asbestos cement, Trafford tile, Bigsix, Doublesix, Supersix, twin twelve combined sheet,, Glen Six, 3 and 6 corrugated, fort, Monad Troughsec, Major tile and Canada tile, panel sheet cavity decking. Flat building sheets, partition board, Polite

24 Fully compressed flat sheet used for tiles, slates and board Pre-formed moulded products and extruded products composite panels for fire protection, weather boarding As above but where a stronger material is required and as cladding, decking and roof slates (e.g. roller skating rinks, laboratory work tops) Cables through and conduits, cisterns and tanks, drains and sewer pressure pipes fencing, flue pips, rainwater goods, roofing components (fascias soffits etc) ventilators and ducts, weather boarding, window sills and boxes, bath panel, draining boards, extraction hoods, copings promenade tiles etc Other materials which contain asbestos in small quantities Textured Coatings Decorative/flexible coatings on walls and ceilings As for profiled sheets As for profiles sheets 3 5% chrysotile asbestos. Chrysotile added up to 1984 but non-asbestos versions were available from the mid-seventies A/C roofing slate (e.g.) Eternit, Turners, Speakers), Everite, Turnall, Diamond AC, J M Slate, Glasal, AC, Emalie, Eflex, Colourglaze, Thrutone, Weatherall Everite, Turnall, Promenade tiles Generally fibres are well contained in the matrix bit may be released when old coating if sanded down or scraped off. Artex, Wondertex, Suretex, Newtex, Pebblecoat, Marblecoat

25 Bitumen products Roofing felts and shingles, semi rigid asbestos bitumen roofing gutter linings and flashings, bitumen damp roof courses (dpc). Asbestos/bitumen coatings on metal [Car Body Underseals]. Bitumen mastics and adhesives (used for floor tiles and wall coverings) Flooring Thermoplastic floor tiles. PVC vinyl floor tiles and unbacked PVC flooring. Asbestos paper basked PCV floors Chrysotile fibre or asbestos paper (approximately 100% asebestos) in bitumen matrix, usually 8% chrysotile. Use up to Adhesives may contain up to a few% chrysotile asbestos. Used up to 1992 Up to 25% asbestos. Normally 7% chrysotile. Paper basking approximately 100% chrysotile asbestos. Used up to 1992 Fibre release unlikely during normal use. Roofing felts, dpc and bitumen based sealants must not be burnt after removal. See felts and papers. Fibre release is unlikely to be a hazard under normal service conditions. Fibre mat be released when material is cut and there mat be substantial release where flooring residue, particularly when paper backing is power sanded. Novilon, Serval asbestos Reinforced PVC Panels and cladding 1 20% chrysotile asbestos Fibre release is unlikely Reinforced plastic and resin Used for toilet cisterns, seats, Plastics usually contain 1 10% Fibres unlikely to be released, composite. banisters, window seals, lab chrysotile asbestos. Some limited emissions during cutting. bench tops, brakes and clutches amphiboles e.g. car batteries Sindanyo, Siluminite in machines resins were reinforced with woven Feroasnestos. Minor emissions chrysotile cloth; usually contain 20-50% asbestos when braking, most asbestos degrades with fiction heat.