Drafting Terminology. Drafters. Drafting Technologists and Technicians

Transcription

1 Drafting Terminology Drafters Drafting Technologists and Technicians

2 Acknowledgments Winnipeg Technical College and the Department of Labour and Immigration of Manitoba wish to express sincere appreciation to all contributors. Special acknowledgments are extended to the following individuals: Manola Barlow, Independent Contractor Sarah McDowell, Independent Contractor Recognition of Prior Learning Coordinator, Winnipeg Technical College Grace Leduc, Curriculum Development, Winnipeg Technical College Bill Jurens, Technical Drafting Instructor, Winnipeg Technical College Gerald Lepine, Technical Drafting Instructor, Winnipeg Technical College Funding for this project has been provided by The Citizenship and Multicultural Division, Manitoba Department of Labour and Immigration. Disclaimer Statements and opinions in this document do not reflect those of Winnipeg Technical College or the project funder, Citizenship and Multicultural Division, Manitoba Department of Labour and Immigration. The information is gathered from a variety of sources and is current and accurate as of the revision date noted. This information is subject to change and will not be further updated. It is the responsibility of the reader to seek current statistics and information. Please contact the Winnipeg Technical College at or if you have questions about the contents of this document 2

3 Table of Contents Introduction Conversion Factors From Imperial to Metric Units Drafting Drawings and Terminology Assembly Drawing Front View or Elevation Interior Elevation Isometric Drawing Machine Drawing Schematic Three-View Drawing Section Drawing Detail Drawing Blueprint of Floor Plan Created by CAD Civil Plan Structural Section Drawing Orthographic Drawings Orthographic Drawings Components of the Blueprints Civil and Structural Engineer Symbols Metric Drawing Drafting Symbols Common Architectural Symbols References

4 Introduction To become a skilled drafter, you first need to be familiar with the types of drawings that drafters work with on a regular basis. The sections in this booklet introduce you to some of the basic drawings and terms of drafting. It is strongly recommended that you study more in depth. The book listed below is an excellent introduction to terms and drawings that you will need to be familiar with. Contact the college/university of your choice for more details on recommended books to read. National Center for Construction Education and Research Core Curriculum Introductory Craft Skills: Trainee Guide, 3 rd Ed. Columbus, Ohio: Pearson Prentice Hall

5 Conversion Factors From Imperial to Metric Units 1 This table gives easily remembered, approximate conversion factors for some common units, as well as more precise factors. Boldfaced values are exact. But remember, estimated values don't warrant precise conversions. imperial metric multiply by More precisely, multiply by Note acres (US survey) hectares (ha) feet (ft) metres (m) fluid ounces (fl oz) millilitres (ml) gallons (gal) litres (L) inches (in) centimetres (cm) knots kilometres per hour (km/h) miles (mi) kilometres (km) miles per gallon (mi/gal) litres per 100 km (L/(100 km)) divide by mi/gal miles per hour kilometres per hour (mi/h) (km/h) nautical miles kilometres ounces (oz) grams (g) pound-force (lbf) newtons (N) pounds (lb) kilograms (kg) 0.45 or divide by Retrieved March 9, 2007, from 5

6 imperial metric multiply by More precisely, multiply by Note pounds per square inch kilopascals (kpa) (lbf/in 2 ) quarts (qt) litres (L) square feet (ft 2 ) square metres (m 2 ) square miles square kilometres (mi 2 ) (km 2 ) yards (yd) metres (m) Helpful Websites for Conversion Practice This site explains how both metric and imperial measurements are used in buildings and in plans and drawings in Canada. Go to these websites to practise metric to imperial conversions:

7 Drafting Drawings and Terminology Alphabet of Lines - The variety of lines used to describe objects and their relationships within a drawing. 2 2 Retrieved Feb.19, 2007, from 7

8 Assembly Drawing - A drawing that shows how part or all of a machine or structure is put together. 8

9 Front view or Elevation - A view that shows the true width and height of an object. 9

10 Interior Elevation: A view of the inside of the room/building. 10

11 Isometric Drawing - A type of three-dimensional drawing known as a pictorial illustration. It lets you see an object as it really is, rather than as a flat, two-dimensional view. Typically in construction, objects are shown at a 30-degree angle in isometric drawings to provide a three-dimensional perspective. 11

12 Machine Drawing - A technical drawing used for the machine tool and manufacturing industries. 12

13 Schematic - An electrical or electronic part drawing. 3 3 Retrieved March 6, 2007, from 13

14 Three-view drawing - A set of three two-dimensional drawings: One of the front view; one of the top view, and one of the side view (usually the right side of the object). Example: 14

15 Section Drawing: A drawing that shows a specific part in detail. 15

16 Detail Drawing - A drawing that gives all of the information necessary to construct some part or a larger structure. 16

17 Blueprint of a floor plan created by computer-aided design (CAD). 17

18 Civil Plan - Aerial (top) view. 18

19 Structural Section Drawing: Shows inside specifications. 19

20 Orthographic Drawings - An orthographic drawing is a construction drawing showing straight-on views of the different sides of an object. Orthographic drawings show dimensions that are proportional to the actual physical dimensions. 20

21 Orthographic Projection: A means of representing a three-dimensional (3D) object in two dimensions (2D). 21

22 Components of the Blueprint - All blueprints are laid out in a standardized format. One section that is included in blueprints is a Title Block. When you look at any blueprint, the first thing to look at is the title block. The title block is normally in the lower right-hand corner of the drawing or across the right edge of the paper. The title block has two purposes. First, it gives information about the structure or assembly. Second, it is numbered so the print can be filed easily. Different companies put different information in the title block. Generally, it contains the following: Company logo Usually printed on the drawing Sheet title Identifies the project Date The drawing was checked and readied for seal; permit issued for construction. Drawn Initials of the person who drafted the drawing. Drawing number Code numbers assigned to a project. Scale The ratio of the size of the object as drawn to the object s actual size. Revision blocks Information on revisions, including (at minimum) the date and the initials of the person making the revision. Other information may include descriptions of the revision and a revision number. Every company has its own system for such things as project numbers and departments. Every company also has its own placement locations for the title and revision blocks. Your supervisor should explain your company s system to you. 22

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24 Civil and Structural Engineering Symbols 24

25 Metric Drawing 4 4 Note: The spelling of Millimeters in this drawing is American. The spelling of this in Canada is Millimetres. 25

26 Drafting Symbols 26

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28 References Giesecke, F.E., Mitchelle, A., Spencer, C.H., Hill, I.L., Dygdon, J.T., Novak, E.J. Technical Drawing, 9th Ed. New York: Macmillian Publishing Company, Madsen, A. David and Shumaker M. Terence. AutoCAD and its applications. South Holland Illinois: The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc., (H-1, H-6) National Center for Construction Education and Research, Core Curriculum Introductory Craft Skills: Trainee Guide, 3rd Ed. Columbus, Ohio: Pearson Prentice Hall, Taylor, L. David. Elementary Blueprint Reading for Machinists, 4 th Ed. Scarborough, Ont.: Delmar Publishers, Alphabet of Lines. Retrieved Feb. 19, 2007, from Drafting Glossary. Retrieved Feb.16, 2007, from Kalamazoo Amp Field Guide: Model 1 Schematic. Retrieved March 6, 2007, from, Updated: April