INVENTORY MANAGEMENT BOOK STORE SYSTEM USING WID (IMBS)

Transcription

1 INVENTORY MANAGEMENT BOOK STORE SYSTEM USING WID (IMBS) NORASHIKIN BINTI MOHAMED KAMIL UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

2 ABSTRACT Inventory Management Book Store System Using RFID (IMBS) is a system in the category of desktop tools application. It focuses on managing book store with the use of WID. WID is a device that scan the quantity and detail information about variety of books at book store. The area of study is at Bestari Book Store. The book store provides variety of books and magazines for customers. This system will be develop using Microsoft Visual Basic.Net, Microsoft SQL Server to build database, Microsoft Project, Microsoft Word, Adopt Photoshop as the software. The hardware that be use to build this system are RFID Reader, RFIG Tag and personal computer. Other device that be use is Window XP as a operating system. During the development of IMBS, the methodology being used is Prototyping model. Each process during the development process is followed by each phases in Prototyping model. The system consists four modules includes Book Stock Managing Module, Order Module, Book stock Information Searching Module and Administration Management Module. The groups of user that had been identified to use the system are Administrator and employee at Bestari Book Store. IMBS also will develop to help admin and employee manage data of book store with quickly and efficient. Besides that, it can save time and cost.

3 ABSTRAK "Inventory Management Book Store System using RFID (IMBS)" merupakan satu sistem yang boleh dikategorikan sebagai aplikasi perkakasan mikrokomputer. la fokus kepada pengurusan kedai buku dengan bantuan RFID. RFID merupakan satu alat yang digunakan untuk mengimbas kuantiti dan maklumat mengenai jenis buku yang terdapat di kedai buku tersebut. Kawasan kajian adalah di Kedai Buku Bestari. Kedai buku tersebut menyediakan pelbagai jenis buku dan majalah untuk pelanggan. Sistem ini dibangunkan menggunakan perisian seperti Microsoft Visual Basic.Net, Microsoft SQL Server sebagai pangkalan data, Microsoft Project, Microsoft Word dan Adopt Photoshop. Manakala perkakasan yang digunakan untuk membangunkan sistem adalah RFID Reader, RFID Tag dan computer peribadi. Selain itu, alat lain yang digunakan adalah Window XP sebagai sistem pengoperasian. Di sepanjang pembangunan IMBS, model Prototyping telah dipilih. Setiap proses yang terdapat di dalam model tersebut dijadikan panduan dalam pembangunan sistem ini. Sistem ini mengandungi empat modul iaitu Modul Pengurusan Stok Buku, Modul Tempahan, Modul Carian Maklumat dan Modul Pengurusan Pentadbiran. Pengguna yang menggunakan sistem ini terdiri daripada pentadbir dan pekerja di Kedai Buku Bestari. IMBS juga dibangunkan untuk membantu pentadbir dan pekerja menguruskan maklumat buku dengan cepat dan cekap. Di samping itu, ia dapat menjimatkan masa dan kos.

4 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Background Book stores in Malaysia still use conventional system in managing and keeping their book stocks. Studies show that systematic management in book stocks information is very important to improve the quality of book stores. Traditionally, most of book stores use alphabet system and file system to store book stock information. Therefore, management of book stock information must using the computer can help to manage, control and manipulate book stock data. Nowadays, most book stores use computerized system to manage their book stock managements. Furthermore, this computerized system provides many benefits such as giving higher security in managing data, faster in accessing data, data arrangement more systematically and etc. An example of a computerized system that had been used currently is a system called Inventory Management System for Book Store (IMBS) using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). It focuses on using RFID to scan data and store them in system and database. It is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags. The system features RFID tags and readers. The Readers are located in the storeroom, store shelves and at the point-of-sale terminals. Besides that, with the system the

5 employee at book stores can access data quickly and can manage book stock without having to refer to the existing system or record fail. Therefore, IMBS is developed as the easiest way for book stores employee to solve their problem. The system aims to design and develop management software, which will incorporate RFID technology, which enables store management to know the current status of books on the shelves, books sold and books in the store. The system consists six modules includes Authentication user Module, Book Stock Managing Module, Order Module, Book stock Information Searching Module, Administration Management Module and Report Module. 1.2 Problem Statements The manual system approach is either on paper or in books to record book stock information and all activities involved in book sales. It requires a lot of files to keep the data. When there are a lot of files, it is difficult for the employee or administration to search for data when needed. In proper data management causes difficulties for employee and administration to reach and manipulating the data required. Therefore, a computerized system is needed to overcome this situation. The book stock that is recorded manually includes stand- alone system. The hnction of the system can only store information about books and number of book in the book store. After processing the record manually, the employee has to enter the data again after some time. It causes much work to be done by the employee and the company suffers loss of time and energy. A computerized system which is already used lacks availability. Besides that, it requires a lot of time to carry out the process of retrieving, searching and manipulating data.

6 1.3 Objective project are: The objective of developing IMBS to benefit the organization. Thus aims of this 1. To use RFID technology in the developed system. 2. To make the process of storing huge books data easier. 3. To allow and simplify data manipulation process. 4. To manage books data systematically. 5. To keep secure data. 1.4 Scope 1. Desktop tools application system. 2. The target users to use the system namely the administrator and employees at Bestari Book Store. 3. Store book information details in database such as title, ISBN, book publisher, quantity of book, price and date. 4. The registering new employees and suppliers details. 5. The process of ordering books from suppliers. 6. The process of generating books stock report.

7 1.5 Project Significance This system will help employees and administration in Bestari Book Store. The purpose of having this system is to replace the manual system currently used at the book store in managing books stock. This system will also apply RFID technology for easier book store management especially in managing, ordering and manipulating the current information about books stock. Besides that, a user friendly interface will be also provided for employees and administrator to help them use the system easily. The RFID reader can scans RFID tag at the books and send to the database. Then, fiom the database employees or administrator can know the type and quantity of book as well as either the book has been sold or not. The employee can also know about the supplier of the book. 1.6 Expected Output The expected output of this project is a system-base that will be able to store information about books in database. The information stored are book title, publishers and suppliers. Other than that the system will also help the process of ordering books and generating books stock report. Employee's information can also be managed using this system.

8 1.7 Conclusion IMBS is developed as a stand-alone system. Chapter I described the problem occurred by using the manual system. The project objectives and project scope have been identified. The new system is expected to overcome the problem with the manual system. Chapter I1 will elaborate the Literature Review and Project Methodology which helps in explaining how far the question needs to be investigated to map out the requirement needed.

9 CHAPTER I1 LITERATURE REVIEW AND PROJECT METHODOLOGY 2.1 Introduction The second phase in PSM is Literature Review and Methodology. The purpose of Literature Review is to help in explaining how far the question needs to be investigated to map out the requirement needed. A Literature Review is a summary of previous research on a topic. Literature Review can be either a part of a larger report of a research project, or it can be a statement made by an individual. This chapter explains about facts or statement which known as Literature Review that will be used as guidance in developing the system. Other that that, methodology will elaborate Prototyping model approach. The Literature Review part acts as a mean to discover what the methodology should be chosen in developing this system.

10 2.2 Facts and finding Facts and findings establishes what the existing system does and what the problems are, and leads to a definition of a set of options from which users may choose their required system (Yeates and Wakefield, 2004). This section maps out different perspective which relate to the project that will be developed. It focuses on the question of how the function of RFID is important to the employee in book store management. Moreover, it describes any elements or methods which is useful to be used for the purpose of searching and gathering useful information in developing this system. Case Study 1: What is RFID According the Association for Automation Identification & Mobility (1990), RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification to identify that uses radio signals. RFID is increasingly used biometric technologies for security. Unlike bar-code technology, WID technology does not require contact or line of sight for communication. RFID data can be read through the human body and clothing. Components A component of RFID system is shown in Figure 2.1. The basic RFID system consists of three components: An antenna or coil A transceiver (with decoder) A transponder (RF tag) electronically programmed with unique information

11 Bas) Figure 2.1: WID System Component ( Association for Automation Identification & Mobility (1 990) The RFID system component has an antenna shine radio signals to activate the tag and to read and write data to it. Antennas are the conduits between the tag and the transceiver, which controls the system's data acquisition and communication. Antennas are available in a variety of shapes and sizes; they can be built into a door frame to receive tag data from persons or things passing through the door, or mounted on an interstate toll booth to monitor traffic passing by on a freeway. The electromagnetic field produced by an antenna can be constantly present when multiple tags are expected continually. Often the antenna is packaged with the transceiver and decoder to become a reader which can be configured either as a handheld or a fixed-mount device. The reader emits radio waves in ranges of anywhere from one inch to 100 feet or more, depending upon its power output and the radio frequency used. When an RFID tag passes through the electromagnetic zone, it detects the reader's activation signal. The reader decodes the data encoded in the tag's integrated circuit (silicon chip) and the data is passed to the host computer for processing. RFID tags come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Tags can be screw-shaped to identify trees or -den items, or credit-card shaped for use in access applications.

12 Advantages of RFID According to Association for Automation Identification & Mobility (1990),the advantage of RFID systems is the noncontact and non-line-of-sight nature of the technology. Tags can be read through a variety of substances such as snow, fog, ice, paint and other visually and environmentally challenging conditions, where barcodes or other optically read technologies would be useless. RFID tags can also be read in challenging circumstances at remarkable speeds, in most cases responding in less than 100 milliseconds. The readlwrite capability of an active RFID system is also a significant advantage in interactive applications such as work-in-process or maintenance tracking. Though it is a costlier technology (compared with barcode), RFID has become indispensable for a wide range of automated data collection and identification applications that would not be possible otherwise. Developments in RFID technology continue to yield larger memory capacities, wider reading ranges, and faster processing. It is highly unlikely that the technology will ultimately replace barcode even with the inevitable reduction in raw materials coupled with economies of scale, the integrated circuit in an RFID tag will never be as costeffective as a barcode label. However, RFID will continue to grow in its established niches where barcode or other optical technologies are not effective. If some standards commonality is achieved whereby RFID equipment from different manufacturers can be used interchangeably the market will very likely grow exponentially. Case Study 2: What is Inventory Management According to Michael A Kimber (1999), Inventory Management is a designed to meet the dictates of the marketplace and support our company's strategic plan. The Inventory Management system provides information to efficiently manage the flow of materials, effectively utilize people and equipment, coordinate internal activities, and communicate with customers. Besides that it can find excellent inventory management

13 software's and get reviews online. It also can search for the best solution for our business needs. Case Study 3: What is Inventory control management and how to apply it in an organization? Referring to the most important objective or inventory control is to determine and maintain an optimum level of investment in the inventory. Most companies have now successfully installed one or the other system of inventory planning and control. In the simplest method, the purchase man periodically reviews the stock, perhaps visually; to see what inventory items are in short supplies and places order when he thinks a minimum level has been reached or when the inventory of a particular item is exhausted. No inventory levels are kept on records. Obviously, such a method is likely to incur excessive purchasing and carrying costs on the one hand and stock out costs on the other. While excess purchase would lead to excessive investment in obsolete or slow moving goods, shortage of inventory may disrupt production or sales may be permanently lost. Techniques of inventory control: The inventory control consists three techniques: 1. Economic purchase order quantity (How much to order) 2. Reorder level (when to order) 3. Minimum inventory or safety stock. Economic Purchase Order Quantities: In order to control inventory a decision model has been developed to determine the optimum quantity of materials to be purchased on each purchase order. The model determines the optimum working stock level to be maintained. Each time a purchase order is placed, the company incurs certain costs. In order to minimize the costs of placing purchase orders, the company could increase the order quantity to meet the company's entire needs for the year at one time,

14 incurring only the cost of one purchase order. However, such a practice will lead to having a large average inventory of working stock, resulting in increased carrying costs. The costs of ordering and costs of carrying inventory may be summarized as follows. Cost of Ordering : 1. Preparing purchase or production orders, receiving and preparing and processing related documents. 2. Incremental costs of purchasing or transportation for frequent orders (Purchase in small lots is often costlier and transportation costs also increase) 3. Out of pocket costs of postage, telephones, telegrams, cost of stationery, and traveling. 4. Extra costs of numerous small production runs, overtime, setups, and training. In addition- fixed costs in form of salaries, wages of employees connected with this work in purchasing, receiving, inspection and Material handling Departments. Minimum Inventory or Safety Stock According to there are several methods in determining safety stock levels. A rough and ready method followed by many companies is to provide a constant safety stock of say, one or two month's usage requirements regardless of the item. Another method mainly based on intuition is to have large safety stock when quantity usage is high, lead time is long or the ordering schedule is frequent. Small safety stocks can be maintained when there is low usage, short lead time or infrequent ordering. Another method makes a statistical analysis of the probability of a stock out by predicting the dispersion of usage around average usage and the dispersion of lead times around the average lead time.

15 Case Study 4: Boekhandels Groep Nederland (BGN) Referring to Boekhandels Groep Nederland (BGN) has opened Selexyz, one of the world's first customer-focused, automated retail stores which it calls a 'Smartstore'. BGN is the premiere book retailer in the Netherlands with more than 40 stores, 730 employees, and over 11 million visitors a year. Its Selexyz stores caw between 25, ,000 books, with the chain selling between 15,000-40,000 books per day. BGN has embarked on a Progress-based automation program that integrates its business applications with a service-oriented architecture (SOA) and implements item-level radio frequency identification (RFID) tagging to optimize its supply chain and enhance the customer experience. BGN launched two new, fullyautomated 'SmartStores' that combine item-level RFID tagging and SOA to deliver a tightly integrated 'warehouse-toconsumer' supply chain. The first Smartstore is located in Almere, Netherlands. Rfid enabling supply chain and retail processes According to The Progress@ EasyAsk@ natural language search application helps power in-store customer kiosks that inform consumers whether a store carries a book, if it is in stock, and where the book is located in the store. In turn, the EasyAsk product leverages the Progress@ Webspeed@ application to access the Selexyz book tracking application Atlas also based on the OpenEdge platform. The Progress@ Apama@ Event Processing Platform provides RFID event processing services that monitor and analyze (in real-time) inbound WID data received at the store. Information captured by the Apama platform is correlated with data sent by the distributor via Advanced Shipping Notices (ASNs). Challenge According to Jan Vink (2007), the challenge of BGN is wanting to secure and grow market share in a price regulated environment with a competitively differentiated - level of customer service.

16 Solution According to Jan Vink (2007), the solution that the company makes is to integate its business applications via a service-oriented architecture (SOA) for its new Selexyz "SmartStores," and implements item-level WID tagging in order to optimize the supply chain, enhance the customer experience and achieve a competitive advantage Domain Inventory Management System for Book Store Using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is developed in the field of desktop tools application. Module that had been specified in this system is based on a research or application made for managing book store. Inventory Management System for Book Store is categorized in management field because this system is concerned about inventory management. The functionality of Inventory Management System for Book Store concerns on how to develop a systembased in using RFID technology Existing System Today, there are a lot of system concerning Inventory Management System existed. The systems are Microsoft Navision Cuts Manual Processes And Raises Productivity At Mph Bookstores, Smartstore With RFID and Bookstore Inventory System (BIN).

17 Microsoft Navision Cuts Manual Processes And Raises Productivity At ~ p h Books to res BY doing an observation via internet through website, MPH Bookstores Sdn Bhd is one of the largest retail bookstore chains in Malaysia with about 30 outlets all over the country. It is also one of the oldest in the book business. In 1927, MPH was incorporated as Malaya Publishing House when it became a public stock company. Since the 1970s, MPH Bookstores has been a subsidiary of MPH Ltd, a public company listed on the stock exchange of Singapore. In 2002, it was bought over by a Malaysian company, MPH Group (M) Sdn. Bhd. These mega bookstores are among Malaysia's most innovative in terms of concept and services, and epitomizes MPH's endeavor to bring the book retail business to a higher plane. The company is also one of the first bookstores in Malaysia to tap the Internet's potential by selling books online via its website, This focus on innovation, customer service and efficient business operations has led MPH to improve its backend operations, in particular, its financial system. The initiative was prompted by the need to replace its outdated DOS-based accounting application, which was installed in the mid-1990s. There were limitations to this DOS-based system, and the information which it could capture was also limited. It had trouble coping with our expanding business operations. The problem was compounded because the seven subsidiaries within the MPH Group at that time were running different accounting systems. And consolidating the financial statements of the various subsidiaries was no easy task. The solution that MPH takes is evaluated Microsoft Business Solutions - NavisionB. It also considered having a customized solution developed by a third party. In fact, Navision was already deployed at MPH's headquarters in Singapore. Deciding it was also the best fit for its business requirements in Malaysia, MPH opted for the Navision solution. However, the lower total cost of ownership was not the only criteria. Navision's - flexibility and ability to integrate easily with other systems was also a key factor in MPH's decision. At that time, MPH was developing its online book sales

18 business and Navision was able to integrate and interface with the online business7 accounting application. The Navision modules currently deployed include the general ledger, cash manager, sales receivables, purchase payable and multi currency modules. The modules run on Microsoft Windows 2000 and SQL Server 7 on a single Hewlett-Packard server. Microsoft partner Synergistic Innovations Sdn Bhd was appointed to handle the deployment which began end 2001 and was completed by April Synergistic Innovations also helped to customize additional functionalities for the solution. Several vendors approached MPH to implement the project but Synergistic Innovations was chosen because them to be more knowledgeable about Navision, most importantly they understood our requirements and problems, and demonstrated capability to help company to resolve it within very short period of time. The implementation of Navision has helped improve a number of business processes at MPH. For one, it has simplified the management of databases. Under the previous solution, there was a raft of information silos as a separate database was created for each branch unlike Navision which utilizes a centralized database. This provides management and staff with easier and faster access to the company's financial information. Navision is able to capture much more information and this provides the management with greater insight into its business. For example, when company process an invoice they can see from the system if there are any claims pending. This helps in determining whether the invoice can be paid. This enables the staff to manage the accounts better.

19 The benefit from system are : Improves Productivity, Reduces Manual Processes Navision has significantly improved productivity at MPH through automating a number of processes. Under the old DOS-based system, the accounts staff often had to manually search files or source documents for verification purposes. With Navision, they can drilldown to the source level documents. This makes it very easy for the staff to check the necessary documents, especially where payment is concerned. Staff can now spend more time doing checking and less time looking for the source documents.navision enables the payment vouchers to be printed out. Re-keying in of data has also been reduced as Navision allows for both import and export of files. This flexibility is especially useful for consolidation where the import and export of data in a meaningful format is important. (b) Easy Access to Business Information As Navision allows for more data fields, it is able to capture much more information compared to the previous solution. Detailed information on promotional and sales campaigns, book purchases and suppliers are input into a single SQL database and is directly accessed by the management and staff. (c) Ideal Platform for Expansion SQL Server is one of the most cost effective and reliable databases available. The comprehensive range of Navision modules available such as Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Enterprise Resource Management, Supply Chain Management means that MPH can easily add on new functionalities whenever the need arises.

20 SmartStore with WID According Internet Retailer Web Design Conference 2008, leading bookstore chain ~oekhandels Groep Nederland is five years into redefining itself. Once focused mostly on the science and education market, it realized at the start of this decade that the Internet had altered its competitive position, forcing it to rethink what it would sell and how it would sell it. BGN conducts most of its sales through 42 stores. tts retail e-commerce presence is limited to a collection of separate, local-market web sites operated by fewer than half of its stores. But just because it doesn't sell much on the web doesn't mean the company isn't using web technology to battle the competition from Internet-based retailers. At the core of its new strategy is a system of marking individual books with RFID tags becoming one of the first retailers anywhere to tag individual items to make its stores more competitive while laying plans for a corporate retail site. In tests of the system, the RFID-driven SmartStore program has produced positive results in controlling inventory, improving customer service, reducing labor costs and increasing salesalthough BGN is taking a lead in implementing RFID technology, one of the first beyond major companies like Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and the U.K.'s Marks & Spencer, it may soon have a lot more company among RFID users.rfid is becoming increasingly recognized as a tool that can support multiple efforts to manage inventory and improve customer service, because retailers and their customers can use the data that RFID records and transmits across multiple applications, &om warehouse management systems to store POS systems to self-service kiosks. The challenge is making a business case for making RFID pay its way and producing returns. At BGN, the business case stems from two main sources that are its association with a major Netherlands book distributor Centraal Boekhuis, and BGN's software Partner, Bedford, Mass.-based Progress Software Corp., which provides BGN with a suite ~G~lications that distribute RFID data throughout the enterprise using Internet

21 technology through web services-based architecture, including customer-facing in-store kiosks as well as store inventory management systems and personnel. Open for business ten hours a day, six days a week, the store has traditionally operated with 18 or 19 staff people, whose shared duties include a single employee spending about five minutes to check in each box of new books, a several-minute process that required the removal of each of about 30 books to check them against order sheets. It was common to have lost or damaged order documents and invoices, and occasionally shipments that didn't match what had been ordered. WID has streamlined the book check-in process, cutting the time per box to less than five seconds. An employee now places the unopened box into an RFID reader, which instantly checks the RFID tag on each book against an electronic record of an advanced shipping notice forwarded over the Internet earlier from Centraal Boekhuis. If there is a discrepancy, the system automatically sends an alert to Centraal Boekhuis to rectify the order. Checked-in books are then placed on store shelves and other displays, with their exact location scanned by employees with handheld RFID scanners, a process that enables clerks or customers at kiosks to get an instant look at a book's exact location as well as its availability. Moreover, BGN can now check storewide inventory three times a week instead of its old policy of once a year, an important step that addresses a common bookstore problem of books displaced by shoppers, enabling the Selexyz Scheltema store to provide frequently updated information on the exact location of books. Under the old system, he adds, BGN did its annual inventory in early January, temporarily closing the store and losing sales in the process, then a month later would no longer have accurate r~cords on more than half its in-store inventory.

22 Bookstore Inventory System (BIN) The Bookstore Inventory System allows on-line maintenance and reporting capability for MTSU's Phillips Bookstore Inventory System database. The system is written in FOCUS and VAX DCL. The system allows users to perform multiple tasks such as data entry, data correction, error listing, reporting, and clearing out previous years' inventory. Phillips Bookstore at Middle Tennessee State University is one of several service facilities provided by the University for its family of students, faculty and staff. The store is owned and operated by the University, and all its assets, obligations and policies are under administrative control. The Phillips Bookstore is located on the first floor of the Keathley University Center. Bookstore employees are a select group possessing a special interest in MTSU. We will find students; students' wives, husbands, and mothers; alumni; faculty spouses and members of the local community serving. MTSU graduates with a variety of degrees make up the Phillips Bookstore management personnel, thus giving rise to a special interest and pride on behalf of the Bookstore and University community. Phillips Bookstore offers the following services: Provide computer software at educational discounts Special order any book currently in print Stock most books written by faculty and staff Copyright clearance service for textbooks and course packets Offer magazine subscriptions at great savings Free check cashing services (limit $50 per check) for all university community Free gift wrapping with purchase Buy used textbooks everyday Offer Apple computer products at educational discounts

23 Free notary Service provide two remote locations for book buy back in an effort to provide easy access for students provide value-prices school supplies; discount to departments on campus Offer camera rentals for photography students Free lockers are provided for securing books and other items while shopping Provide fax service Offer name tags and signs for the university community Provide one-day service on special ordered office supplies Provide rubber stamps Provide special promotional discounts Provide computerized books-in-print for faculty, staff, and student use Provide additional operation hours for semester opening and final Figure 2.2 below will shows interface of the system 1-1 About Computer Cent* Phillips books to^ Phllltps Bookstore at Mlddle Tennessee State Untverstty 1s one of several servlce facilities prov~ded by the Untverslty for its family of students, faculty and staff. The store is owned and operated by the University, and all its assets, obl~gations and pol~c~es are under admin~strative contml. Locntion and Hours The Phllllps Bookstore 15 located on the first floor of the Keathley Un~vers~ty Center. Fall and spring semester hours of operation are Monday - Thursday 1 TENNLSSEE 1 MIDDLE 6h-n Employees Bookstore employees are a select gmup porssrring a speclal Interest In MTSU. You WIII find students; students' wlves, husbands, and mothers; alumn~; faculty spouses; and members of the local community serving you. MTSU graduates wlth a Bookstore management personnel, thus on behalf of the Bookstore and Unlverslty See policies for more ~nfonnat~on Figure 2.2 : Main page of Phillips Bookstore System

24 2.23 Technique During the development of this project, there are several techniques that had been applied to get as much as information as a guide in develop this system. Sources are collected from books, journals, electronic resource, questionnaires and observation. ~~e~tionnaires had been distributed among employee in bookstore. The total of respondents who took part were five (5) persons. Besides, most observation is done through internet. 2.3 Project Methodology To develop this system, I had identified a suitable methodology to follow during the implementation of Inventory Management System for Book Store Using RFID. Prototyping model is explained in detail in this section Prototype Model Based on explanation of Prototyping model via the internet, and Yeates and Wakefield (2004), prototype model is describes based on Figure 2.3. Test~ng Phase T lnnnto.~ Mllub.mzd Sysi- for Bmkston I Figure 2.3:qrototype model I

25 According to Figure 2.3, these are the phases involved: 1. Planning Phase The project planning starts in this phase. First, the information is gathered from the bookstore and the end users about the manual system. Before starting to build the system, problem must be analyze in current system then try to solve problem that have in current system. At the same time, element that is in the database should be known. 2. Analysis Phase During this phase, the manual system is investigated and improvement opportunities are identified based on the information gathered in the Planning phase. The user requirements are gathered, analyzed and reviewed. The final deliverables from this phase are Analysis Report. Output from this phase is Context Diagram, Data Flow Diagram (DFD) and Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). 3. Design Phase The output produced in the Analysis phase is used to guide the design process of this system. During this phase, database will be designed. It is design based on requirement needed by this system. Besides that, an interface will also be designed. It is based on output of analysis phase which had been gathered from the organization. 4. Implementation Phase During this phase, the system actually built by using Microsoft Visual Basic.net based on the deliverable produced in design phase. Database and interface design from design phase will be developed. Then, process of written code will be done. In this system, programming had divided into two; Microsoft.NET language and SQL Server

26 database. Interface of a system will be developed by using Microsoft Visual Basicenet and Adobe Photoshop Testing Phase Once the database and interface had been developed, testing phases will be done. This is important to test whether code which had been implemented is correct or not. If there is error occurred, a solution will be finding to overcome the problem. If there is an error, a modifying code will be done from the beginning phase of development 2.4 Project Requirement Due to requirement that supporting the element-element in developing the system, three main requirements will be elaborates in this section. The requirements are; software requirement, hardware requirement and network requirements Software Requirement Inventory Management System for Book Store Using RFID uses desktop tools application. The list of software requirements are as in Table 2.1.

27 Table 2.1: Software Requirement For Sewer Side Equipment/de~el~pment tools: b Microsoft Project for manage tasks and milestone for project. Microsoft Visio is use to design the structure and methodology of project. Microsoft Visual Basic.net for script editor. Microsoft Office for report documentation. b Adobe Photoshop 7.0. Operating Systemlsewer b Windows XP as the Operating System Database system b SQL Server as the database system; SQL Server is an open source relational database management system (RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (SQL), the most popular language for adding, accessing, and processing data in a database. For client side, the software requirement should have at least Windows XP as the operating system to run the application Hardware Requirement Hardware requirement consists two specifications. IMBS uses intranet application. In the environment of intranet, computers act as server side and client side. Table 2.2 shows the hardware requirement that had been identified.