Design for All: Home as Rehabilitation Environment

Transcription

1 Design for All: Home as Rehabilitation Environment Alberto ARENGHI

2 Over the last years the approach to define a design methodology has been developed passing from Design for Standard to Universal Design Universal Design Standard Disability Design for Standard Design for Disability Universal Design (Design for all Inclusive Design)

3 UNIVERSAL DESIGN Universal Design is the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. The intent of Universal Design is to simplify life for everyone by making products, communications, and the built environment more usable by as many people as possible at little or no extra cost. Universal Design benefits people of all ages and abilities.

4 1: Principle One: Equitable Use The design is useful and marketable to people with different abilities Provide the same means of use for all users: identical whenever possible; equivalent when not. Avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users. Provisions for privacy, security, and safety should be equally available to all users. Make the design appealing to all users.

5 2: Principle Two: Flexibility in Use The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities. Provide choice in methods of use. Accommodate right- or left-handed access and use. Facilitate the user's accuracy and precision. Provide adaptability to the user's pace.

6 3: Principle Three: simple and intuitive Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level. Provide choice in methods of use. Accommodate right- or left-handed access and use. Facilitate the user's accuracy and precision. Provide adaptability to the user's pace.

7 4: Principle Four: Perceptible Information The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities. Use different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant presentation of essential information. Provide adequate contrast between essential information and its surroundings. Maximize "legibility" of essential information. Differentiate elements in ways that can be described (i.e., make it easy to give instructions or directions). Provide compatibility with a variety of techniques or devices used by people with sensory limitations.

8 5: Principle Five: Tolerance for Error The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions. Arrange elements to minimize hazards and errors: most used elements, most accessible; hazardous elements eliminated, isolated, or shielded. Provide warnings of hazards and errors. Provide fail safe features. Discourage unconscious action in tasks that require vigilance.

9 6: Principle Six: Low Physical Effort The design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue. Allow user to maintain a neutral body position. Use reasonable operating forces. Minimize repetitive actions. Minimize sustained physical effort

10 7: Principle Seven: Size and Space for Approach and Use Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user's body size, posture, or mobility. Provide a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or standing user. Make reach to all components comfortable for any seated or standing user. Accommodate variations in hand and grip size. Provide adequate space for the use of assistive devices or personal assistance.

11 The project training/flats in Brescia The project concerns two flats in Brescia: a two-room flat for disabled users who can reach a complete autonomy, with or without using aids, in the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) within domestic environment ( Active Autonomy ); a three-room flat for users with serious disabilities who can reach autonomy only in some Activities, but need personal assistance in the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) within domestic environment ( Passive Autonomy ).

12 The Aims of the Project to provide disabled user, within a riabilitation protocol, an opportunity to live in a real domestic environment. In this real situation the disabled user can test the difficulties of domestic activities, the strategies to be adopted and evaluate the adaptations to settle at home. to provide rehabilitation staff the possibility to evaluate the real level of autonomy of the disable person in the activities of daily living in the domestic environment and to decide whether some more rehabilitation is needed or the person can come back home.

13 The layout of the flats The design 'philosophy' adopted is based on the principles defined by the Universal Design: each choice was discussed in an interdisciplinary context involving doctors, therapists, designers and installers; furniture and technology components were among those that most easily can be found on the market and this both for a cost-effectiveness, and to show that it is possible to create a home environment that meets the special needs of disabled people without the need for dedicated solutions.

14 - Building Automation (three-room flat) - In the three-room flat a building automation system is installed. This system is controlled by a control unit, created ad hoc in view of making the accommodation in 'a training ground for the activities of daily living within a domestic environment', and it scenarios: in 'manual mode' all the automatisms are excluded, can present three different in the 'semi-automatic mode' is active the automatic operated by a button, in 'auto mode' are operated either by the automatic button and through the sensor.

15 - Building Automation (three-room flat) - Door with automatic which can operated in: - manual mode - semi-automatic mode - auto mode

16 - Forniture - Mobile wall shelf Working top Chest of drawers on wheels Living room - Kitchen

17 - Forniture - Living room - Kitchen Shelf by IKEA Handles

18 - Forniture - Bedroom