VERTEBRATE PEST CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT MATERIALS: FOURTH SYMPOSIUM

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2 VERTEBRATE PEST CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT MATERIALS: FOURTH SYMPOSIUM A symposium sponsored by ASTM Committee E-35 on Pesticides Monterey, Calif., 26 Feb ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 817 Dale E. Kaukeinen, ICI Americas Inc. editor ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN) im 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa

3 Copyright by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERULS 1983 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: NOTE The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication. Printed in Ann Arbor, Mich. October 1983

4 Foreword The fourth symposium on Vertebrate Pest Control and Management Materials was held on 26 Feb in Monterey, Calif. This symposium was the fourth in a series of symposia on test methods for vertebrate pest control and management materials. The sponsors of the symposium were ASTM Committee E-35 on Pesticides and its Subcommittee E35.17 on Vertebrate Control Agents, chau^d by William B. Jackson, Bowling Green State University. The symposium chairman was Dale E. Kaukeinen, ICI Americas Inc., who also served as editor of this publication.

5 Related ASTM Publications Vertebrate Pest Control and Management Materials (Third Symposium), STP 752 (1981), Vertebrate Pest Control and Management Materials (Second Symposium), STP 680 (1979), Test Methods for Vertebrate Pest Control and Management Materials (First Symposium), STP 625 (1977), Avian and Mammalian Wildlife Toxicology: Second Conference, STP 757 (1981), Avian and Mammalian Wildlife Toxicology (First Conference), STP 693 (1979), Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: Sixth Symposium, STP 802 (1983), Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment (Fifth Symposium), STP 766 (1982), Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment (Fourth Symposium), STP 737 (1981), Aquatic Toxicology (Third Symposium), STP 707 (1980), Aquatic Toxicology (Second Symposium), STP 667 (1979), Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Evaluation (First Symposium), STP 634 (1977), Ecological Assessments of Effluent Impacts on Communities of Indigenous Aquatic Organisms, STP 730 (1981), Aquatic Invertebrate Bioassays, STP 715 (1980),

6 A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers The quality of the papers that appear in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors but also the unheralded, though essential, work of the reviewers. On behalf of ASTM we acknowledge with appreciation their dedication to high professional standards and then: sacrifice of time and effort. ASTM Committee on Publications

7 ASTM Editorial Staff Janet R. Schroeder Kathleen A. Greene Rosemary Horstman Helen M. Hoersch Helen P. Mahy Allan S. Kleinberg Virginia M. Barishek

8 Contents Introduction 1 Comparisons Between Vertebrate Pest Control Materials: Essential Considerations TERRELL P. SALMON AND ROBERT E. LICKLITER 5 Exploitable Characteristics of Neophobia and Food Aversions for Improvements in Rodent and Bird Control RUSSELL F. REIDINGER, JR., AND J. RUSSELL MASON 20 BIRDS Bird Dispersal Recordings: An Overview ROBERT H. SCHMIDT AND RON J. JOHNSON 43 Tests of the Enhancement of Avian Repellent Chemicals with Sensory Cues ROGER W. BULLARD, EDWARD W. SCHAFER, JR., AND RICHARD L. BRUGGERS 66 Estimating Bird Damage to Sprouting Rice DAVID L. OTIS, NICK R. HOLLER, PAUL W. LEFEBVRE, AND DONALD F. MOTT 76 Laboratoiy Methods for Evaluating Bird Repellents Applied to Ripening Fruits MARK E. TOBIN AND RICHARD W. DEHAVEN 90 A Changeover Test Desigp to Compare the Relative Efficacies of Bird Repellent Seed Com Treatments ION F. HEISTERBERG AND DAVID L. OTIS 98 A Test Protocol for Assessment of Primary Poisoning Hazard to Ground-Feeding Birds from Broadcast Pelletized Rodenticides MARK H. MERSON, ROSS E. BYERS, AND DALE E. KAUKEINEN 110 Development of a Preferred Bait for Quelea Control STEPHEN A. SHUMAKE, STANLEY E. GADDIS, AND MELVYN V. GARRISON 118

9 RODENTS Use of Outdoor Pens in Evaluating Field Efficacy of Rodenticides A. DANIEL ASHTON, JOHN H. McCUMBER, AND WILLIAM B. lackson 129 An Evaluation of Methods Used in Comparative Field Testing of Commensal Rodenticides A. DANIEL ASHTON, WILLLAM B. JACKSON, AND JOHN H. McCUMBER 138 A Method for Inferring the Taste Qualities of Rodenticides to Rodents CHARLES N. STEWART, RUSSELL F. REIDINGER, JR., AND J. RUSSELL MASON 155 Design and Evaluation Criteria for Development of Toxic Wiclcs for Rodent Control KARL D. MORRIS, ROBERT D. PROCTOR, AND DALE E. KAUKEINEN 165 Field Methodology for Evaluatuig Rodenticide Efficacy STEVEN R. SPAULDING AND WILLIAM B. JACKSON 183 An Approach for Evaluating Food Container Resistance to Damage by Individual Norway Rats JAMES F. GLAHN AND G. KEITH LAVOIE 199 A Laboratory Test Method for Evaluating the Efficacy of Glueboards for Tripping House Mice STEPHEN C. FRANTZ AND CONSTANCE M. FADULA 209 A Simulated Burrow System for Laboratory Evaluation of Vertebrate Control Fumigants DONALD J. ELLAS, PETER J. SAVARIE, DAVID J. HAYES, AND MICHAEL W. FALL 226 Methods for Assessing Rat Damage to Growing Wheat in Bangladesh, with Examples of Applications PARVIN SULTANA, JOE E. BROOKS, AND RICHARD M. POCHE 231 An Evaluation of Visual Counts for Censusing Ground Squirrels KATHLEEN A. FAGERSTONE 239 Plot Occupancy for Indicating Pocket Gopher Abundance and Conifer Damage RICHARD M. ANTHONY AND VICTOR G. BARNES, JR. 247

10 Methods Used in the Field Evaluation of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in India RAMESHWAS P. MATHUK AND ISHWAH PRAKASH 256 PREDATORS Criteria for the Development of Coyote Lures DANIEL B. FAGRE, WALTER E. HOWARD, DOUGLAS A. BARNUM, ROY TERANISHI, THOMAS H. SCHULTZ, AND DONALD J. STERN 265 Criteria for the Selection and Development of Piedacides PETER J. SAVARIE AND GtTY E. CONNOLLY 278 Evaluation and Control Implications of Behavior of Feral Dogs in Interior Alaska PHILIP S. GIPSON 285 SUMMARY Summaiy 297 Index 303

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