Accounting for Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy for the Texas State Implementation Plans (SIP)

Transcription

1 Accounting for Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy for the Texas State Implementation Plans (SIP) Jeff Haberl, Charles Culp, Bahman Yazdani, Don Gilman, Tom Fitzpatrick, Shirley Muns Energy Systems Laboratory, Texas Engineering Experiment Station Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas Energy Systems Laboratory 005 p.

2 Senate Bill 5 (77 th Legislature, 00) Ch. 86. Texas Emissions Reduction Plan Sec Evaluation Of State Energy Efficiency Programs (with PUC) Ch. 88. Texas Building Energy Performance Standards Sec Adoption Of Building Energy Efficiency Performance Standards. Sec Enforcement Of Energy Standards Outside Of Municipality. Sec Distribution Of Information And Technical Assistance. Sec Development Of Home Energy Ratings. TERP Amended (78th Legislature, 00) Ch. 88. Texas Building Energy Performance Standards (HB 65) Sec Enforcement Of Energy Standards Outside Of Municipality. (HB 65) Sec Energy-Efficient Building Program. (HB 5) Sec Certification of Municipal Inspectors. TERP Amended (79th Legislature, 005) Ch. 8 & 86. Health and Safety Code (HB 9) Sec Development of Creditable Statewide emissions from wind and other renewables. (HB 965) Sec Commission Action Relating to Water Heaters Energy Systems Laboratory 005 p.

3 Weather Normalize? Normalize energy use for Year X to SIP base year (tons-nox/osd), 7 climate zones. Use simulation, regression, actual weather files (peak OSD =same). Texas: Base Years 999, 00 > future years 009, 00 Trace Savings to Pollution Sources? Spatially allocate using egrid Need to know utility supplier or county egrid converts MWh to NOx,SOx, CO by power plant by county Other Factors? Cumulative savings (degradation, discount, T&D losses, etc.) Verify Calculations? SF,MF, Commercial Case study buildings, utility bill analysis & site visits PUC rd party, independent, peer-review SECO rd party, independent review Wind energy utility bill verification using ERCOT data Energy Systems Laboratory 005 p.

4 Example: EPA s 999 egrid Contains Emissions/PCA Energy Systems Laboratory 005 p. 4

5 Example: EPA s 999 egrid Contains Emissions/PCA AEP Austin Brownsville LCRA Reliant San Antonio South Texas Texas Mun.Power Energy Systems Laboratory 005 TNMPA TXU p. 5

6 Simplified Prescriptive Paths for Envelope Compliance with the International Residential Code (IRC 000) Climate Zone Path Table of Building Envelope Requirements Glazing and Insulation Glazing Ceiling Wall Area% U-Factor SHGC 5.45 NR R-8 R- 0.7 NR R-8 R- 5.7 NR R-8 R NR R-0 R- 0.4 NR R-8 R- 5.4 NR R-8 R R-0 R R-8 R R-8 R R-0 R R-8 R R-8 R R-0 R R-8 R R-8 R R-6 R R-0 R R-0 R R-9 R R-0 R R-0 R R-9 R R-0 R R-0 R- Foundation Type Crawl Basement Slab Space Floor Wall Perimeter Wall R-9 R-8 R-5, ft R- R-9 R-9 R-6, ft R- R-9 R-9 R-6, ft R- R-9 R-8 R-5, ft R-0 R-9 R-8 R-6, ft R-0 R-9 R-8 R-6, ft R-0 R-9 R-7 R-4, ft R-8 R-9 R-7 R-0 R-8 R-9 R-7 R-0 R-8 R-9 R-6 R-4, ft R-7 R-9 R-6 R-0 R-7 R-9 R-6 R-0 R-7 R- R-5 R-0 R-6 R- R-5 R-0 R-6 R-9 R-8 R-0 R-0 R- R-5 R-0 R-5 R- R-5 R-0 R-5 R- R-6 R-0 R-6 R- R-0 R-0 R-5 R- R-0 R-0 R-5 R- R-0 R-0 R-5 R- R-0 R-0 R-4 R- R-0 R-0 R-4 R- R-0 R-0 R-4 NR means No Requirement specified in IECC Chapter 5 for SHGC in Zone 8 and 9. The map in IRC Figure R0.(6) or IECC Figure 50.(7) indicates that parts of Texas qualify as areas of "very heavy" termite infestation probability. Under an exception in the IRC, the slab perimeter insulation requirement in this path may be avoided. To make use of this exception and still comply with the Code, a builder must use IECC Section , IECC Section 50..4, or IECC Chapter 4, instead of this path. 00, 00 Texas Engineering Experiment Station, Energy Systems Laboratory, All Rights Reserved Notes:. The Table of Building Envelope Requirements is based upon the 000 International Residential Code (IRC), published by the International Code Council, as amended by the 00 Supplement.. The IRC prescriptive requirements are applicable to single family homes with glazing areas of 5% and below. For homes designed with glazing areas greater than 5%, the IRC incorporates the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) by reference, which contains additional prescriptive and performance-related compliance alternatives. The glazing areas for each path are maximum levels. For example, a glazing area of % must use Path, which is the path level for 5% glazing area.. Source of requirements: 000 IRC, Ch. (up to 5% only) and 000 IECC, Ch. 5, Prescriptive Packages for Climate Zones -9, and the 00 Supplement to IECC. IECC Chapter 4 must be used for glazing areas greater than 5%. 4. U-factor, and SHGC are maximum acceptable values. 5. Insulation R-values are minimum acceptable levels. 6. Applies to single-family, wood-frame residential construction, only. For mass wall construction, see IRC Section N0...; for steel-framed walls, see IRC Section N Glazing" refers to any translucent or transparent material in exterior openings of buildings, including windows, skylights, sliding glass doors, the glass areas of opaque doors, and glass block. 8. Fenestration product (window, door, glazing) U-factor and SHGC must be determined from a National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) label on the product, or obtained from default tables (IECC Table 0.5.() in Chapter ). 9. Glazing area % is the ratio of the area of the rough opening of windows to the gross wall area, expressed as a percentage. Up to one percent of the total window area may be exempt from the U-factor requirement. 0. Opaque doors are not considered glazing (or "windows") and must have a U-factor less than 0.5. One exempt door allowed.. Infiltration requirements: Windows 0.0 cfm per sq.ft. of window area; sliding doors 0.0 cfm per sq.ft. of door area (swinging doors below 0.50 cfm); determined in accordance with AAMA/WDMA 0/I.S. (must be tested in accordance with ASTM E 8).. R- shall be added to the requirements for slab insulation where uninsulated hot water pipes, air distribution ducts or electric heating cables are installed in or under the slab.. Floors over outside air must meet ceiling insulation requirements (Table 50. in the IECC). 4. R-values for walls represent the sum of cavity insulation plus insulated sheathing, if any. 5. Prescriptive packages are based upon meeting or exceeding minimum equipment efficiencies for HVAC and water heating (IECC Tables 50. and 504.). Toll Free: -877-AnM-CODE ( ) Texas Engineering Experiment Station The Texas A&M University System International Residential Code (IRC 000) and International Energy Conservation Code (IECC 000) as of May, 00 Texas Edition 00, Revision.04 Using This Guide Texas Counties by Climate Zones This guide contains eight color-coded climate zones (numbers through 9) Use the color-coded map of Texas to locate a county. The reverse side of this form shows three designed to simplify determination of the prescriptive paths for the selected Climate Zone. envelope requirements of the International Residential Code (IRC 000, Chapter ) 4,000-4,499 HDD,500 -,999 HDD or the International Energy Conservation Armstrong Hansford Oldham Code (IECC 000) for Texas. Refer to the Austin Grimes Milam Bailey Hartley Parmer Bastrop Guadalupe Montgomery IRC 000 or IECC 000, as amended by Carson Hemphill Potter Bexar Hardin Orange the 00 Supplement, for a complete Castro Hutchinson Randall Brazos Harris Robertson description of all the requirements and Dallam Lipscomb Roberts Burleson Jefferson San Jacinto compliance alternatives. Local Deaf Smith Moore Sherman Caldwell Kinney Uvalde Gray Ochiltree Wheeler requirements may also vary. Each county Chambers Lavaca Val Verde Colorado Lee Walker is assigned to one of the eight zones,,500 -,999 HDD Comal Liberty Waller which vary according to the different Fayette Madison Washington climate zones in Texas. Briscoe Hall Fort Bend Medina Wilson Cochran Hockley Gonzales Donley Lamb Step-by-Step Instructions HDD = Floyd Swisher A. Use the color-coded map to locate the Hale Yoakum Heating,000 -,499 HDD county in which the construction or Degree Aransas Galveston McMullen remodeling is taking place and find the,000 -,499 HDD Days (base 65 F) Atascosa Goliad Nueces climate zone ( through 9) associated with Bee Jackson Refugio Archer Dickens Lynn Brazoria Jim Wells San Patricio that county. Baylor Foard Motley,000 -,499 HDD Calhoun Karnes Victoria B. Use the "Table of Building Envelope Borden Gaines Scurry Anderson Henderson Pecos DeWitt La Salle Webb Requirements" (on the back of this sheet) Childress Garza Stonewall Angelina Hill Polk Dimmit Live Oak Wharton Clay Hardeman Terry to find the set of construction options or Duval Matagorda Zavala Collingsworth Kent Wichita Bandera Hood Presidio "paths" associated with the climate zone Frio Maverick Cottle King Wibarger Bell Houston Reagan selected above. Each path describes an Crosby Knox Blanco Irion Real acceptable combination of envelope HDD Dawson Lubbock Bosque Jasper Runnels components based on percent glazed Brewster Johnson Rusk Brooks Jim Hogg Starr area.,500 -,999 HDD Brown Kendall Sabine Cameron Kenedy Willacy C. Review the paths and select the one Burnet Kerr San Augustine Andrews Gregg Palo Pinto Hidalgo Kleberg Zapata Cherokee Kimble San Saba most suited to your project. Bowie Harrison Parker Coleman Lampasas Schleicher D. Construct or remodel the building Callahan Haskell Rains Comanche Leon Shelby Limitations according to the selected path and comply Camp Hopkins Red River Cass Howard Reeves Concho Limestone Smith Texas recently enacted a statewide with basic code requirements, which Coke Hudspeth Rockwall Coryell Llano Somervell energy code. This guide provides a include: Collin Hunt Shackelford Crane Mason Sutton simplified prescriptive specification for Installing components to Mfr specifications Cooke Jack Stephens Crockett McCulloch Tarrant individual envelope components to aid Documenting load calculations to insure properly Culberson Jeff Davis Sterling Dallas McLennan Terrell sized HVAC equipment with code compliance. This guide does Delta Jones Taylor Edwards Menard Tom Green Meeting minimum equipment efficiency not provide a guarantee for meeting Denton Kaufman Throckmorton Ellis Mills Travis requirements for HVAC, water heating and other the IRC. For additional details on the fixtures (Tables 50. and 504. of IECC) Eastland Lamar Titus Falls Nacogdoches Trinity IRC or IECC, refer to the code Providing preventative maintenance manuals Ector Loving Upshur Freestone Navarro Tyler documents, consult local code officials Installing temperature controls El Paso Marion Van Zandt Gillespie Newton Upton or contact the International Code Limiting window and door leakage Erath Martin Ward Hamilton Panola Williamson Caulking or sealing joints, gaps and penetrations Fannin Midland Winkler Council. Hays Installing vapor retarders where required Fisher Mitchell Wise Sealing and insulating ducts (No duct tape Franklin Montague Wood allowed) Glasscock Morris Young Energy Systems Laboratory - Texas A&M University Insulating pipes properly Grayson Nolan Toll Free: -877-AnM-CODE ( ) Progress 00 to Provided IECC/IRC workshops Resolved issues: , economizers, EnergyStar, SEER, R-6 flex-duct Developed accounting methods. Code-compliant Test Suite for SF, MF, Commercial. Developed Simplified Builder s Guide. Published 00 Report to the TNRCC. tons NOx/peak-day (DOE-, 98 egrid, SF, by avg. PCA, TMY) Developed Emissions Calculator (Beta, /0) Demonstrated value of peak day vs annual avg. calcs. Recommended weather-normalization methods ( Peak day from monthly utility bills). Published 00 Report to the TCEQ.4 tons NOx/peak-day (DOE-, 98 egrid, SF & MF, by PCA, by Co., TMY) Developed ecalc with funding from EPA SF, MF, Office, Retail, Solar, Street & Traffic Lights, Water/Waste Water, Solar, PV, Wind Studied NOx reductions from DHW pilot lights (00) Studied Cumulative NOx reductions: SF + MF Developed AACOG Report Discount factors, degradation, SIP credits Developed web-based input for SECO Political Subdivisions. 004 Emissions Reduction & Energy Leadership Conf., San Antonio, Texas Published 00 Report to the TCEQ.9 tons NOx/peak-day (DOE-, 99 egrid, SF & MF, by PCA, by Co., 999 NWS, fuel-neutral) Tons-NOX/day (peak) Texas Residential Building Envelope Requirements 5 Energy Systems Laboratory Texas Residential Building Guide to Energy Code Compliance ,500 -,999 HDD Apx x difference : 4,500 -,999 HDD Tons-NOx/day (average) Laboratory Calculated : EGRID Calculated Energy Systems Laboratory 005 p. 6

7 Cumulat ive 005 Cumulat ive006 Cumulative007 Cumulative 008 Cumulative009 Cumulat ive 00 Year Progress 00 to /005 Develop preliminary emissions reductions calculations from green power (wind) purchases. Demonstrated weather normalization, forecasting, emissions Monthly reductions (hourly,daily,monthly). Calculated 999 NOx reductions from 00 electrical production data. Provided Technical Support to PUC to report emissions reductions from SB5 and SB7 programs (4.7 tons NOx/day 00). Helped TCEQ Develop an Integrated Emissions Reporting Tool (00): ESL, PUC, SECO, Wind power. Developed joint survey with TREIA for solar installations. Developed revised analysis of NOx reductions from DHW (.5 tons NOx/day, 00, new+replacement) Developed analysis of NOx reductions from replacement furnaces (0.4 tons-nox/day, 006) Developed New R-6/SEER 4 tradeoff to replace R 6/SEER tradeoff, including, SHCG, and AFUE. Asked to offer Technical Assistance to PUC by State Senator John Carona Developed preliminary shading analysis for potential PUC tree planting program. Add new water/waste water design module to ecalc (EPA funding) Turbine Power (kwh/h) Hourly Turbine Power vs. Wind Speed (Enertech) 0 60% % Randall Wind Turbine Power Average % % 00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun On-site Wind Speed (MPH) Date Tons/OzoneS eason Day OSDN Ox Savings (Tons-NOx/day) 70% 50% 40% 0% 0% OSD NOx reduction levels ( Preliminary Estimates) ESL-Single Family ESL-Multifamily PUC (SB7) PUC (SB5 grant program) SECO Wind-ERCOT Ozone Season Day NOx Emissions Reductions Total Energy Difference (%) 06 0 % Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec HDD LIVEOAK DECIDUOUS EVERGREEN Energy Systems Laboratory 005 p. 7

8 Emissions Reductions Calculator: ecalc New building models use the DOE- simulation Actual 999 weather data used to calculate peak day for each location egrid then calculates emissions by PCA for 999 and 007. Energy Systems Laboratory and 00 base year simulations planned for 006 p. 8

9 ecalc: Emissions Reductions Calculator Energy Systems Laboratory 005 Municipal models use: DOE- simulations for new buildings Component models for street & traffic lights Monthly utility billing models for beforeafter analysis egrid then calculates emissions by PCA for 999 and 007. p. 9

10 ecalc: Renewables Solar, Wind Renewable tools use: F-CHART for solar thermal PV F-CHART for photovoltaics ASHRAE IMT utility billing analysis for wind energy egrid used to calculate emissions by PCA for 999 and 007. Energy Systems Laboratory 005 p. 0

11 Integrated Emissions Reporting 004/005 Helped TCEQ Develop an Integrated Emissions Reporting Tool (00): ESL, PUC, SECO, Wind ESL Code Compliance (4.5 tons/day) PUC SB5,SB7 programs (.9 tons/day) SECO Political Sub. (. tons/day) Green Power (Wind) (5.7 tons/day) Total (5.4 tons/day) Tons/Ozone Season Day OSD NOx reduction levels (Preliminary Estimates) 004 Cumulat ive 005 Cumulat ive 006 Cumulat ive 007 Cumulat ive 008 Cumulat ive 009 Cumulat ive 00 ESL-Single Family ESL-Multifamily PUC (SB7) PUC (SB5 grant program) SECO Wind-ERCOT Ozone Season Day NOx reduction level for 00 (Preliminary Estimates) Wind-ERCOT 4% ESL-Single Family 8% ESL-Multifamily % SECO 9% PUC (SB5 grant program) 0% PUC (SB7) 7% Texas Wind Power Generation (Source: ERCOT 005) 400,000,600 Wind Power Generation (MWH) 50,000 00,000 50,000 00,000 50,000 00,000 50,000 Wind Power Generation Installed Capacity,400,00, Installed Capacity (MW) 0 0 Jul-0 Nov-0 Mar-0 Jul- 0 Nov-0 Mar-0 Jul-0 Nov-0 Mar- 04 Jul- 04 Nov- 04 Energy Systems Laboratory 005 p.

12 Involve everyone! Lessons Learned Stakeholders, Other State Agencies, COGs, EPA, DOE, etc. Accuracy counts! All procedures developed must be accurate from end-to-end (peer-reviewed). Weather normalization required for SIP Credits, back-casting to base-year weather data allows for alignment with EPA s egrid. Future projections require multiple discounts, degradation, and growth factors. Integrated accounting across State Agencies allows for Statewide, consistent, cumulative reporting to EPA. Documentation important! EPA Quality Assurance Project Plan QAPP. Energy Systems Laboratory 005 p.

13 Summary Procedures developed to calculate NOx, SOx and CO emissions from EE/RE projects. ecalc developed under EPA funding SF, MF, COM, Solar, PV, Municipal, Wind, water/waste water systems Future: new models, measured data EE/RE simulation procedures currently under review by DOE (preliminary review very positive). Integrated NOx emissions procedures developed (4) State Agencies: TCEQ, ESL, SECO, PUC (includes ERCOT) TCEQ is considering submitting EE/RE as part of State SIP Other states investigating Texas EE/RE procedures. Energy Systems Laboratory 005 p.

14 For more information: Jeff Haberl: Charles Culp: Bahman Yazdani: Tom Fitzpatrick: Visit the Calculator: Energy Systems Laboratory 005 p. 4