A REPORT OF. The Study on the Prioritization of EAC Standards and Technical Regulations for Development, Harmonization, Revision or Withdrawal

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1 A REPORT OF The Study on the Prioritization of EAC and Technical Regulations for Development, Harmonization, Revision or Withdrawal Prepared by Julius Oboth Managing Consultant Ayaah Enterprises Ltd Plot 6 Entebbe Road P.O. Box 6730 Kampala Tel: [email protected] Skype: julius.oboth1 April 2013

2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was undertaken by Julius Oboth, a Consultant based in Kampala, East Africa. The Consultant expresses his sincere gratitude to all interviewees and key informants in the various institutions in the East African Community Partner States who were not only available at very short notice but provided particularly valuable and interesting insights into the study during his short mission for data collection in the East African Community Partner States. Deepest gratitude to the Partner States study coordinators and assistants who arranged the meetings and discussions with the key stakeholders and made this study a success. Special thanks to East African Business Council for facilitating and coordinating the study. It was pleasure exchanging ideas and working with all of you. Page ii

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...II LIST OF ACRONYMS... VII GLOSSARY OF RELEVANT TERMS... X EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... XIII 1. BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION THE RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY PURPOSE OF THE STUDY THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY SITUATION OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY INTEGRATION PROCESS SOCIO-ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF TRADE IN EAST AFRICA STANDARDS AND TRADE FORMS OF STANDARDS Public Private TYPES OF STANDARDS THE WTO TBT AND SPS AGREEMENTS The TBT Agreement The SPS Agreement WTO Notifications THE TBT INFRASTRUCTURE OVERVIEW OF THE EAC STANDARDIZATION FRAMEWORK The East African Committee (EASC) Technical Management Committee (STMC) The Liaison Office The East African Accreditation Board (EAAB) Administration of at National Level THE NATIONAL METROLOGY INSTITUTE THE NATIONAL LEGAL METROLOGY DEPARTMENT THE NATIONAL ACCREDITATION BODY THE NATIONAL STANDARDS BODIES IN THE EAC PARTNER STATES Kenya Bureau of (KEBS) The Rwanda Bureau of (RBS) Tanzania Bureau of (TBS) Uganda National Bureau of (UNBS) Burundi Bureau of (BBN) TECHNICAL REGULATIONS Types of Technical Regulations PRESCRIPTIVE REGULATIONS PERFORMANCE BASED REGULATION Best Practices in Designing Technical Regulations REFERENCING VOLUNTARY STANDARDS ALIGNMENT WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS EQUIVALENCY CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT Conformity Assessment Regimes PRE-MARKET CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT REGIMES Choosing an Appropriate Conformity Assessment Regime Recognition of Conformity Assessment Activities STANDARDS AND TECHNICAL REGULATIONS FRAMEWORKS OF SOME REGIONAL ECONOMIC BLOCKS and Technical Regulations Frameworks in the EAC and Technical Regulations Framework in the European Union and Technical Regulations Framework in the SADC and Technical Regulations Framework in the COMESA Page iii

4 3. METHODOLOGY AND LIMITATIONS SOURCES OF DATA AND INFORMATION Secondary Data Primary Data CRITERIA FOR SELECTING MOST TRADED PRODUCTS Most Intra-EAC Traded Products for the Last Five Years Most Exported Products to the Rest of the World by Each Partner State Most Imported Products from the Rest of the World by Each Partner State Priority Sectors (Current and Prospective) for Intra-EAC Trade for Each Partner State DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS AND REPORT LIMITATIONS FINDINGS THE EAC MOST TRADED GOODS Intra-EAC Most Traded Products Extra-EAC Most Traded Products MOST EXPORTED PRODUCTS BY THE EAC PARTNER STATES TO THE REST OF THE WORLD MOST IMPORTED PRODUCTS BY THE EAC PARTNER STATES FROM THE REST OF THE WORLD EAC Informal Cross Border Trade Products Imported as Raw Materials for Manufacturing PROSPECTIVE AND CURRENT PRIORITY SECTORS FOR THE INTRA-EAC TRADE Potential and Prospective Priority Sectors AGRO-PROCESSING CHEMICALS (FERTILIZERS AND AGRO-CHEMICALS) MEDICAMENTS MINERAL PROCESSING OIL AND GAS PROCESSING ENERGY Current Priority Sectors STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT IN THE EAC STANDARDS OF THE MOST TRADED GOODS THAT NEED TO BE PRIORITIZED FOR DEVELOPMENT, HARMONIZATION OR REVISION GOOD PRACTICES AND BUILDING BLOCKS FOR TECHNICAL REGULATION FRAMEWORK EXAMPLES OF TECHNICAL REGULATIONS MODELS UNECE International Model Southern African Development Community (SADC) The Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) TECHNICAL REGULATIONS IN THE EAC The Current Technical Regulatory Arrangements in the EAC and the Partner States National Technical Regulations Existing In Each Partner State THE OBJECTIVES OF THE TECHNICAL REGULATIONS IN THE EAC The Technical Regulatory Models Available to EAC CONFORMITY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MOST IMPORTED PRODUCTS IN EAC Conformity Assessment in the EAC Mechanism for Acceptance of Conformity Assessment Results LESSONS LEARNT FROM OTHER ECONOMIC BLOCK CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS STANDARDS HARMONIZATION AND FAST TRACKING THE PROCESS HARMONIZATION OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENTS FOR IMPORTED GOODS EAC Technical Regulations Framework ANNEXES ANNEX 1: INTRA-EAC MOST TRADED PRODUCTS INTRA-EAC EXPORTS ANNEX 2: MOST EXPORTED PRODUCTS BY EAC TO THE REST OF THE WORLD ANNEX 3: MOST IMPORTED PRODUCTS BY EAC FROM THE REST OF THE WORLD ANNEX 4: EAC MOST IMPORTED GOODS AS RAW MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURING ANNEX 5: EAS OF THE MOST TRADED PRODUCTS WITHIN THE PARTNER STATES THAT NEED TO BE REVIEWED OR DEVELOPED ANNEX 6: NATIONAL COMPULSORY STANDARDS (TECHNICAL REGULATIONS) EXISTING IN EACH EAC PARTNER STATE Rwanda Compulsory Page iv

5 6.2 TANZANIA COMPULSORY STANDARDS UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS ANNEX 7: NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATIONS FOR REVIEW, ADOPTION OR HARMONISATION TO ENHANCE TRADE ANNEX 8: SUMMARY OF SOME LAWS AND REGULATIONS THAT IMPACT ON TRADE IN THE EAC PARTNER STATES ANNEX 9: CONFORMITY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MOST IMPORTED PRODUCTS FROM THE REST OF THE WORLD ANNEX 10: INSTITUTIONS CONTACTED ANNEX 11: TERMS OF REFERENCE REFERENCES LIST OF TABLES: Table 1: Partner States and EAC GDP at Current Market Prices (Million US$)... 6 Table 2: Subsector-wise Value added by activity at basic prices Table 3: Comparison of Table 4: Intra-COMESA Trade, 2011, Values in US$ millions and % Shares Table 5: The 20 Most Intra-EAC Traded Products Table 6: The 20 Most Exported Products by EAC to the Rest of the World Table 7: The 20 Most Imported Products into the EAC Block Table 8: Current Priority Products for Intra EAC Trade Table 9: Stages of the Development of East African Table 10: Summary of the Mandatory in the EAC Partner States Table 11: Import Conformity Assessment Schemes in the EAC Partner States LIST OF FIGURES: Figure 1: Generalized Building Blocks of a Technical Regulation Framework Figure 2: The Intra - EAC Imports and Exports in US$ Millions (Years 2000 to 2010) Figure 3: Trade Flows Figure 4: Stages in Development of Technical Regulations Figure 5: Recommended EAC Technical Regulations Implementation Structure Figure 6: Recommended Building Blocks for the EAC Technical Regulations Framework LIST OF BOXES: Box 1: Kenya Quality Marks and Conformity Regime Box 2: Rwanda Quality Marks and Conformity Regime Box 3: Tanzania Quality Marks and Conformity Regime Box 4: UNBS Certification Marks and Conformity regimes Box 5: Technical Regulatory Framework Model Box 6: Technical Regulations and Implementation in the EAC Box 7: The and Technical Regulations Implementation in the EU Box 8: Conformity Assessment in the EU Box 9: Standardization, Quality Assurance, Accreditation and Metrology (SQAM) in SADC Box 10: The and Technical Regulations Implementation in SADC Box 11: COMESA and Technical Regulations Page v

6 ANNEX 1: INTRA-EAC MOST TRADED PRODUCTS Table 1.1: Intra-EAC Exports: Uganda to Kenya..70 Table 1.2: Intra-EAC Exports: Uganda to Tanzania. 70 Table 1.3: Intra-EAC Exports: Uganda to Rwanda Table 1.4: Intra-EAC Exports: Uganda to Burundi Table 1.5: Intra-EAC Exports: Kenya to Uganda. 71 Table 1.6: Intra-EAC Exports: Kenya to Tanzania...72 Table 1.7: Intra-EAC Exports: Kenya to Rwanda.72 Table 1.8: Intra-EAC Exports: Kenya to Burundi. 73 Table 1.9: Intra-EAC Exports: Tanzania to Uganda...73 Table 1.10: Intra-EAC Exports: Tanzania to Kenya..74 Table 1.11 Intra-EAC Exports: Tanzania to Rwanda...74 Table 1.12: Intra-EAC Exports: Tanzania to Burundi...75 Table 1.13: Intra-EAC Exports: Rwanda to Uganda.. 75 Table 1.14: Intra-EAC Exports: Rwanda to Kenya. 75 Table 1.15: Intra-EAC Exports: Rwanda to Tanzania...76 Table 1.16: Intra-EAC Exports: Rwanda to Burundi Table 1.17: Intra-EAC Exports: Burundi to Uganda..77 Table 1.18: Intra-EAC Exports: Burundi to Kenya.77 Table 1.19: Intra-EAC Exports: Burundi to Tanzania 77 Table 1.20: Intra-EAC Exports: Burundi to Rwanda...77 ANNEX 2: MOST EXPORTED PRODUCTS BY EAC TO THE REST OF THE WORLD. 78 Table 2.1: Extra EAC Exports: Uganda Table 2.2: Extra EAC Exports: Tanzanian. 80 Table 2.3: Extra EAC Exports: Kenya Table 2.4: Extra EAC Exports: Rwanda Table 2.5 Extra EAC Exports: Burundi...82 ANNEX 3: MOST IMPORTED PRODUCTS BY EACH PARTNER STATE FROM THE REST OF THE WORLD...83 Table 3.1: Extra EAC Imports: Uganda..84 Table 3.2: Extra EAC Imports: Tanzania..84 Table 3.3: Extra EAC Imports: Kenya...85 Table 3.4: Extra EAC Imports: Rwanda. 86 Table 3.5: Extra EAC Imports: Burundi. 86 Page vi

7 LIST OF ACRONYMS AU African Union BBN Burundi Bureau of BIPM International Bureau of Weights and Measures BRC British Retail Consortium CEN European Committee of Standardization CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization CET Common External Tariff CIPM International Committee of Weights and Measures COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa DI Destination Inspection EA East Africa EAAB East African Accreditation Board EABC EAC EACCM EACU EAGAP EAS EASC ECOWAS EEC EN ETSI EU FAO GAP GDP GLOBALGAP IAF ICBT IEC IFS ILAC IPPC ISO ITC East African Business Council East African Community East African Community Common Market East African Community Customs Union East African Good Agricultural Practice East African East African Committee Economic Community of West African States European Economic Community European Standard European Telecommunications Institute European Union Food and Agricultural Organization Good Agricultural Practices Gross Domestic Product Global Good Agricultural Practices International Accreditation Forum Informal Cross Border Trade International Electrotechnical Commission International Food Standard International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation International Plant Protection Convention International Organization for Standardization International Trade Centre Page vii

8 ITU International Telecommunications Union KEBS Kenya Bureau of KOAN Kenyan Organic Agriculture Network MDAs Ministries, Departments and Agencies MFPED Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development MQS Minimum Quality MRA Mutual Recognition Agreements MRLs Maximum Residue Limits NAB National Accreditation Body NOGAMU National Organic Movement of Uganda NSB National Bodies NTBs Non-Tariff Barriers NTMs Non Tariff Measures OECD Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development OIE World Organization for Animal Health Office (Internationale des Epizooties) OIML International Organization of Legal Metrology PSFU Private Sector Foundation Uganda PSO Private Sector Organizations PVoC Pre-Shipment Verification Conformity RBS Rwanda Bureau of SADC Southern African Development Community SADCA SADC Cooperation in Accreditation SADCMEL SADC Cooperation in Legal Metrology SADCMET SADC Cooperation in Measurement Traceability SADCSTAN SADC Cooperation in Standardization SADCTBTSC SADC TBT Stakeholders Committee SADCTRLC SADC Technical Regulations Liaison Committee SM Standardization Mark SME Small and Medium Enterprises SPS Sanitary and Phytosanitary SQAM Standardization, Quality assurance, Accreditation and Metrology SQAMEG SQAM Expert Group SQF Safe Quality Food SQMT Standardization, Quality Assurance, Metrology and Testing STMC Technical Management Committee TBS Tanzania Bureau of TBT Technical Barriers to Trade TFDA Tanzania Food and Drug Authority Page viii

9 TOAM TORs TR UNBS WHO WMA WTO Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study Tanzanian Organic Agriculture Movement Terms of Reference Technical Regulations Uganda National Bureau of World Health Organization Weights and Measures Agency World Trade Organization Page ix

10 GLOSSARY OF RELEVANT TERMS Accreditation Certification Accreditation is a third-party attestation related to a conformity assessment body conveying formal demonstration of its competence to carry out specific conformity assessment tasks in which specified requirements relating to a product, process and system. It is a formal recognition that an organisation is competent to perform specific processes, activities or tasks in a reliable, credible and accurate manner. It provides a high degree of assurance that organisations implementing these processes (activities or tasks) are competent. Certification is a procedure by which a third party gives written assurance that a product, process or service conforms to specified requirements. Codes of Practice Codes of Practice provide advice and recommendations for implementation (e.g. food hygiene and traceability practices, production practices, sampling and analysis methods). Compliance Conformance Conformity Assessment Compliance is the judgment that a product or service meets the requirements of specific standard. Conformance is the defined as a product or process is meeting the required criteria for a given standard. Conformity Assessment is any procedure used, directly or indirectly, to determine that relevant requirements in technical regulations or standards are fulfilled. Designation Designation refers to the nomination by a designating Authority of a conformity assessment service provider as competent to perform the service in accordance with the provision of the Standardization, Quality Assurance, Metrology and Testing Act, 2006, Section 12. Enforcement Enforcement refers to approaches responding to non-compliance and sanctions to withdraw recognition if corrective action is not taken. The regulator or standard setter has to have procedures for responding to the results of the conformity assessment, either by invoking corrective action or withdrawing the recognition of the organisation or operator as conforming to the regulation or standard. Equivalence Equivalence is the acceptance that regulations or standards different from provisions of the regulator or standard setter fulfill the same objectives, albeit by different means. Page x

11 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study This is the sum of value added at producers prices from all resident institutional units engaged in production plus all non-deductible taxes less subsidies on products and imports for a given period. Harmonization Informal trade Inspection Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) Non-Tariff Barriers (NTB) Non-Tariff Measures (NTM) Private standards Quality Assurance (QA) Quality Infrastructure (QI) Recognition Harmonization is a process, by which regulations or standards on the same subject (including requirements for conformity assessment), which are approved by different standardizing bodies, establishes interchangeability of products, processes and services, or mutual understanding of test results or information provided according to these standards. Informal trade is that trade that is not state controlled and monitored and is often unavailable for inclusion in gross domestic product (GDP) unlike the formal trade. Inspection is the conformity evaluation by observation and judgment accompanied as appropriate by measurement, testing, or gauging. Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) is formal recognition that the inspection and certification system of one country is equivalent to that of the partner country. Non-Tariff Barriers (NTB) are restrictions and limitations acting as obstacles to trade, appearing as rules, regulations or laws that have a negative impact on trade. Non-Tariff Measures (NTM) are policy measures, other than ordinary customs tariffs, that can potentially have an economic effect on boarder movement of goods. Private standards are trade or industry standards developed by individual firms (corporate standards) or by networks and business associations (collective standards, usually pre-competitive); examples: GlobalGAP, KenyaGAP, Nature's Choice. Quality Assurance (QA) is the part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled. Quality Infrastructure (QI) refers to all aspects of metrology, standardization, testing, and quality management including certification and accreditation. This includes both public and private institutions and the regulatory protocol within which they operate. Recognition refers to the acceptance of conformity assessment reports from a designated service provider by other member states. Page xi

12 Regulatory Authority (RA) Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) Standard Technical Regulation Regulatory Authority (RA) is a Competent Authority normally official government agency possessing jurisdiction and designated at national level to enforce specified regulations. Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) is a systemic approach to critically assessing the positive and negative effects of proposed and existing regulations and non-regulatory alternatives. At its core it is an important element of an evidence-based approach to policy making. Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) refer to (i) the protection of human or animal health against risks in food or feed; (ii) the protection of human, animal or plant health against risks from pests or diseases of plants or animals; and; (iii) the protection of the territory of a country against other damage from the entry, establishment or spread of pests. SPS can be seen as a subcategory of technical regulations since they may also take the form of regulations or standards, laying down product-related requirements. Standard is a document approved by a recognized body that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for products or related processes and production methods, with which compliance is not mandatory. It may also include or deal exclusively with terminology, symbols, packaging, marking or labelling requirements as they apply to a product, process or production method. A technical regulation is a document which lays down product characteristics or their related processes and production methods, including the applicable administrative provisions, with which compliance is mandatory. It may also include or deal exclusively with terminology, symbols, packaging, marking or labeling requirements as they apply to a product, process or production method. Page xii

13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY East African Community (EAC) is an economic integration involving Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. One of the objectives of EAC integration was to develop policies and programmes aimed at widening and deepening trade among the Partner States. Significant progress has been made in the EAC economic integration process. For example, the East African Community Customs Union was established in 2005 that abolished intracommunity tariffs and adopted a Common External Tariff (CET); in addition, the East African Community Common Market (EACCM) was established in 2010 aimed at free movements of goods in the EAC, among others. However, Partner States have not yet realize the full trade and welfare benefits of a customs union and common market because of the presence of technical barriers to trade (TBT), in addition to other trade barriers. Trade between the Partner States is still being hindered by the existence of non-tariff barriers, which is of concern to the private sector in the EAC. In order to respond to these challenges and unnecessary trade barriers faced by suppliers in the EAC intra-regional trade due to differences in technical regulations and standards amongst EAC Partner States, the East African Business Council (EABC) established an EAC regional private sector standards platform that developed and adopted a 3-5 year strategic programme to deal with the challenges. To support the standards platform in implementing some of these strategies, EABC commissioned this study to generate data that can assist to inform the private sector and other stakeholders to propose position(s) suggesting best actions to fast-track the harmonization of standards and the development of technical regulations framework with a view of promoting free movement of goods in the EAC. This study examined the EAC most traded goods and the standards and technical regulations that need to be prioritized for development, harmonization or revision, and recommends a technical regulation framework for EAC to enhance trade. It generates information and data that will assist the private sector and other stakeholders in the EAC and beyond to promote trade. The study was constrained by some limitations which included: lack of EAC regional integrated system for trade data and very scanty information on informal trade. Therefore, the trade statistics given does not include quantities of traded products and the informal trade. The study findings indicated that there has been a general increase in the intra-eac trade over the years. The Intra-EAC trade total increased by about 8% to US$ 4.5 billion in 2010 compared to US$ 4.2 billion in The most traded products included agricultural products and manufactured products. In spite of the growth of trade between EAC member countries, the study revealed that the level of intra-eac trade was still very low compared with other regional blocks. The intra-eac exports accounted for about 20% of the total exports, while intra-eac imports accounted for only about 6% of the total imports. Most of the imports into the EAC were from the rest world. The study identified 93 most traded goods in the EAC. Among the 93 products, the 20 most Page xiii

14 traded goods in the EAC were: tea, cement, iron and steel products, petroleum oils and related products, edible fats and oils, tobacco and tobacco products, soap and detergents, paper and paperboards, containers, medicaments, beer and other fermented products, edible salt, sugar confectionery, furnishing articles, motor vehicles, tin ores and concentrates, electrical transformers, fish, electrical energy and coffee. The most imported goods in the EAC from the rest of the world identified by the study were 44 and the most exported goods to the rest of the world were 68. The study further identified 170 specific raw materials used for manufacturing various products in the EAC region. The Intra-EAC trade share in 2010 was only 13 per cent of total trade with the external world. This indicates the need to address the constraints that hinder the growth of enormous trade opportunities within the region. The difference in technical regulations and standards amongst the Partner States and lack of EAC technical regulations framework are some of the constraints to the intra-eac trade. The study further revealed that Informal Cross Border Trade (ICBT) in the EAC is relatively more discernible when compared to other parts of the continent. Countries such as Uganda and Tanzania are generally recognized as sources of non-processed informally traded goods consumed in Kenya and South Sudan. Kenya was a major source of manufactured goods sold informally into the region. With regard to non-processed goods, food items are the most traded to satisfy the huge demands. Non-processed items generally included food stuff such as beans, maize and rice, but also non-food stuff such as hides and skins, paintings and handicrafts. Processed goods include industrial products such as sugar, edible oils, clothing, dairy products, packaged beverages, soft drinks and juices. Manufactured and re-export goods comprise low quality processed goods from Asia such as electronic appliances, apparel and shoes. Contraband and counterfeit goods are more difficult to differentiate but are estimated to include fuels, cosmetics, pharmaceutical drugs, and electronics. The quantities and the values of the informal trade were not readily available. In addition, the study identified the EAC Potential and Prospective Priority Sectors where comparative advantage in the region exists that included: iron-ore and other mineral processing, fertilizers and agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, petro-chemicals and gas processing, agro-processing, and energy and bio-fuels. The study further identified the current priority products for the EAC Partner States as detailed in the table below. COUNTRY Burundi Kenya Rwanda Tanzania PRIORITY PRODUCTS Tea, hides and skins, fruits and vegetables, tobacco and tobacco products, ferrous waste, coffee, soap and detergents, leguminous vegetables, shelled, tin ore concentrates, cotton Cement, petroleum oils and related products, iron and steel products, edible fats and oils, medicaments, containers, soap and detergents, edible salt, sugar confectionery, beer and other fermented products Tea, Coffee, Tin ore concentrates, Hides and skins, Ferrous waste, Vegetable, Cement, Foot ware, Cosmetics and related products, Automatic data processing machines magnetic readers Tea, furnishing articles, electrical transformers, paper and paperboards, fish, Page xiv

15 COUNTRY Uganda Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study PRIORITY PRODUCTS rope, oil seeds, iron and steel products, wood, cement Tea, tobacco and tobacco products, cement, edible fats and oils, electrical energy, maize (corn), soap and detergents, oil seeds, sugar, dried leguminous vegetables. The EAC has developed the basic principles, procedures and mechanisms, by which the East African Committee (EASC) and the EAC Partner States develop, publish, review and maintain East African (EAS) and other deliverables. The study showed that developing an EAC standard, as outlined in the EAC Development Procedures, took a minimum of 19 months. However, this period could be shortened to about 6 months by omitting some stages if an equivalent standard developed by a recognized body was adopted. The study further found that by the year 2012, EAC had 1,250 harmonized East African (EAS); out of this, 157 EAS of the most traded goods in the EAC needed to be prioritized for review because they had taken more than 4 years without review; and 63 new EAS needed to be prioritized for development. In addition, the study found that mandatory standards in the EAC Partner States are implemented in accordance with the provisions of the various Acts of the Partner States. Once a voluntary national standard has been developed, recommendations may be made to the Minister or Ministry responsible for trade and industry to have the standard declared mandatory through statutory orders and become technical regulations. The National Bodies (NSBs) function as the regulatory authority to ensure that the mandatory standards are properly observed in the market place. The objectives of the mandatory standards are to prevent deceptive practices, ensure safety and protection of human health, animal and plant life, and the environment. However, if the standards are not harmonized they impede trade between countries as a result of difference in technical specifications and conformity assessment procedures. The study also indicates that in Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda some national standards had been declared compulsory and compliance with such standards was mandatory for one to access the markets. There were 67 mandatory standards in Rwanda out of which 47 were due for review; Tanzania had 528 mandatory standards and 254 were due for review; and Uganda had 634 and 269 were due for review. The study further found that in Kenya and Burundi there were no national mandatory standards however there were national standards that products had to comply with in order to access their respective national markets. The study found that the EAC was in the process of establishing EASC-Technical Sub Committee on Technical Regulations and there were three Draft East African Community Regulations that were in final stages development namely: Designation of Laboratories, Product Certification Schemes, and Enforcement of Technical Regulations in Partner States. The draft technical regulation refers to standards declared compulsory by the Partner States to be Technical Regulations; but does not give reference to East African and yet Page xv

16 the main challenge that hinders intra-eac trade are different technical regulations (compulsory standards) in the Partner States. In the EAC Partner States a system of Mandatory has been implemented. The study further found that Mandatory in the Partner States are similar in concept, but the implementation varies. In most cases, the Partner States require products falling within the scope of Mandatory to be marked with the Product Certification Mark of the National Body if they are manufactured in the exporting EAC Partner State. In the case of imported products, most Partner States operate Import Inspection schemes with differing requirements and these include Pre-shipment verification of conformity (PVoC), destination inspection (DI) at entry points of the importing country, among others. The National Bodies are the custodians of the standards that have been declared mandatory and their conformity assessment requirements. The differences in the standards among the EAC member states hinder intra- EAC trade due to increase in technical barriers to trade, dampen free flow of goods and trade among Partner States and reduce product competitiveness and negatively impact on the private sector. In the EAC, conformity assessment procedures include product inspection and testing, evaluation, verification and assurance of conformity, registration, accreditation and approval as well as their combinations depending on the risk of the product. The study indicates four Technical Regulatory Models from which the EAC could adopt one for implementation. They include: Model 1 which involves maintaining the Current EAC Technical Regulatory System by utilization of harmonized declared national mandatory standards, NSB product certification marks and the PVoC system for imports to support intra-regional trade; Model 2 involves using the EAC Compulsory, technical legislations and conformity assessments for common use in the region which EAC needs to develop or adopt; Model 3 involves the EAC Common Regulatory Objectives which is based on the International Model for Technical Harmonization based on good regulatory practice for the preparation, adoption and application of technical regulations via the use of International published by the United Nations Economic Council for Europe (UNECE). This model can work in the EAC due to the number of East African standards already published, and by utilizing the available national quality and market surveillance infrastructure, though both will need to be upgraded; Model 4 involves the utilization a common EAC Certification Mark to denote compliance with mandatory standards, whether at the EAC or national level. If implemented it would provide visible evidence across the whole region on the compliance of products, though with a high cost of compliance. The study indicates that the strategies for fast tracking standards harmonization should optimize cost, time, quality, scope and demand of the standards. Harmonization of standards and technical regulations in the EAC would lead to several benefits that include: elimination Page xvi

17 technical barriers to trade (TBTs); encouraging a free flow of goods within the EAC; boosting trade among Partner States; and increasing competitiveness and productivity. The following strategies for fast tracking the standardization harmonization process in the EAC are recommended: i. EAC should be become members of regional and international standards development organizations to facilitate the adoption of standards developed by other recognized standards developing organizations. ii. New standards in the EAC should be developed as East African standards right from the proposal stage. iii. development and harmonization should be demand driven. iv. The EAC standards secretariat should encourage sector associations to initiate standards development for their products. v. All stakeholders especially the private sector should actively participate in the EAC standards development and harmonization processes. vi. The EAC standards secretariat should generate and avail the necessary scientific data to support the arguments during standards development and harmonization. vii. EAC Technical Committees and subcommittees should use modern information and communication technology (ICT) to carry out their work wherever possible. viii. The EAC standards secretariat should hire additional appropriate personnel. ix. EAC standards secretariat and the national standards bodies should continuously create awareness on standardisation and the benefits of standards, and technical regulations. The study further indicates that the choice of appropriate conformity assessment regime is dependent on the level of risk, or risk gap that needs to be regulated and controlled. For low level risk items, less involving conformity assessment regimes such as suppliers declarations of conformity can be used. As the level of risk increases, then more invasive conformity assessment regimes such as approvals, licensing, batch testing and inspections may need to be employed. The study recommends the following strategies for harmonizing conformity assessment in the EAC region: i. The EAC Partner States should designate, register and publish the list of the mutually recognized technically competent national conformity assessment service providers. ii. Suppliers in the EAC should procure conformity assessment services from the published list of the service providers. iii. The EAC Partner States should have their certification marks notified to the respective Partner States for recognition and acceptance as equivalent to their own. iv. The testing laboratories should be upgraded and accredited to international standards, ISO in order to attain international recognition of the services provided. v. The capacities of the inspection bodies in the EAC Partner States should be strengthened and accredited based on international standards, ISO 17020, for international recognition Page xvii

18 The study recommends the following strategies for harmonizing conformity assessment in the EAC region: of their services. vi. Certification bodies in the EAC Partner States should be accredited based on International standards, ISO vii. An EAC regulatory mark that symbolizes the conformity of the product with the EAC regulations be established. The study indicates that the objective of the EAC technical regulations framework should be to identify, prevent and eliminate unnecessary technical barriers to trade amongst the EAC Partner States. In addition, the technical regulations should refer to the East African standards or parts thereof that represent the minimum requirements necessary to fulfill the regulatory objectives. All conflicting national standards or technical regulations should be withdrawn once the text of the EAC regional standards or technical regulations has been developed and approved in accordance with the agreed EAC procedures. The technical regulations should be performance-based aimed at reducing the differences in regulatory requirements through the adoption of, or alignment with, international standards; and accepting the standards and/or technical regulations used by other member economies, provided these standards and/or technical regulations adequately fulfill the objectives of the accepting economy s regulations. This is in line with the WTO TBT Agreement (Article 2 (7), which states: Members shall give positive consideration to accepting as equivalent technical regulations of other Members even if these regulations differ from their own, provided they are satisfied that these regulations adequately fulfill the objectives of their own regulations. The study findings show that in order to further the objectives of the EAC Technical Regulations, a proper framework, in which there is formal cooperation and coordination amongst regulators, stakeholders and the national institutions in Standardization, Metrology, Quality Assurance, and Testing and (SMQT) is required. This will require creation of some structures at national and regional levels. The EAC technical regulations framework should have a policy to guide the intervention and the legal instruments to provide for product/process characteristics and administrative procedures. The study recommends that the EAC Common Regulatory Objectives model is best suited to operate in the EAC due to the number of East African standards already published, and by utilizing the available national quality and market surveillance infrastructure; however both will need to be upgraded. In order for the EAC Common Regulatory Objectives model to work, a formal institutional cooperation and coordination is required among the stakeholders. In order to facilitate the implementation of the EAC Common Regulatory Objectives model as a Technical Regulations Framework for EAC, it is recommended that: i. Partner States should agree on EAC Common Regulatory Objectives (CRO); ii. The EAC Secretariat should register all agreed CRO; iii. Partner States should transpose the CRO into national legislation; iv. The EAC should establish a Technical Committee on technical regulations; Page xviii

19 In order to facilitate the implementation of the EAC Common Regulatory Objectives model as a Technical Regulations Framework for EAC, it is recommended that: v. A Technical Regulations Liaison Office should be established at EAC Secretariat to coordinate technical regulatory functions at regional level. vi. A policy to support the implementation of the EAC technical regulations framework should be developed; vii. A regulatory impact assessment for any proposed technical regulations should be conducted in the EAC; viii. The EAC SQMT Act should be reviewed to provide for: technical requirements; regulatory authorities; conformity assessment; and sanctions. ix. The legal instruments at EAC level should be promulgated to establish an EAC Regulatory mark that symbolizes the conformity of the product with the applicable EAC regulatory requirements; x. A National Technical Regulations Coordination Committee consisting of regulators should be created in each Partner State to provide a platform for cooperation and harmonization of activities. xi. A National Technical Regulations Office should be established in each Partner State to act as a secretariat and coordinate the national regulatory functions. xii. EAC Partner States should carry out an extensive sensitization of all stakeholders on this new proposed approach. Page xix

20 1. BACKGROUND 1.1 Introduction Globally tariffs and quotas, which were traditionally important trade barriers, have been reduced, but technical barriers to trade (TBT), such as technical regulations (TR) and sanitary/phytosanitary (SPS) measures requirements remain important barriers to trade. TBT/SPS measures are the most frequently encountered Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) according to data collected by World Trade Organization (WTO). They are also considered among the most relevant impediments to exports, according to business surveys. 1 Newly collected official NTM information from 30 developing countries, the European Union and Japan shows a high cross-sectional incidence of TBT and SPS measures. Also, evidence from business surveys conducted by the International Trade Centre (ITC) in 11 developing countries suggested that TBT/SPS measures are the most burdensome for exporters. In 2010, the share of TBT/SPS measures in all NTMs perceived burdensome by exporting firms was 48 per cent. Evidence from WTO members specific trade concerns and ITC business surveys indicates that TBT/SPS measures applied by developed countries are an important source of concern (WTO, 2012). To overcome these challenges, a quality and product safety infrastructure is needed that complies with the TR and SPS requirements and at the same time supplies attractive products. Requirements in respect of safety, health and the environment are growing in number and complexity. Compliance with these requirements has to be documented in order to gain market access. The requirements are normally given in technical regulations and standards. Test reports, certificates, and other types of documents of compliance have to be issued by an internationally recognized institution. However, many developing countries are still inadequately equipped in this respect, which limits market access. One of the ways of overcoming these market access impediments is through regional integration and to develop Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRA), or other arrangements for gaining recognition, between countries 2. In addition to public requirements, potential customers have their own requirements in respect of product quality, packaging, delivery, among others. Therefore, the exporter needs intimate knowledge of customer and regulatory requirements in the target market in order to propose saleable Products. Economic development through free trade has been one of the central drivers for economic integration. Several important regional groupings have been established in Africa to enhance trade and they include: East African Community (EAC), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Southern African Development Community (SADC), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and the African Union (AU), among others. 1 World Trade Report (2012) Trade and Public Policies: A closer look at non-tariff measures in the 21 st century. 2 Section 24 of the EAC SQMT Act (2006), states that each EAC Partner State must notify the Council of the product certification marks within the jurisdiction of the Partner State including the design of the mark. Partner States are bound to recognize as equal to their own, product certification marks awarded by national quality system institutions of other Partner States.

21 In East Africa, economic integration involving Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania was established in 1967, but collapsed in In 1993, the initiative was revived with the signing of a Declaration on Closer East African Cooperation. The Treaty for Establishment of the East African Community was signed on 30 th November 1999 and entered into force on 7 th July 2000 following its ratification by the original three Partner States Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The Republic of Rwanda and the Republic of Burundi acceded to the EAC Treaty on 18 th June 2007 and became full Members of the Community with effect from 1 st July The overall objective of East African Community (EAC) was to develop policies and programmes aimed at widening and deepening cooperation among the Partner States in political, economic, social and cultural fields, research and technology, defence, security, and legal and judicial affairs for their benefits. Significant progress has been made in the EAC economic integration process. For example, the Community established a Customs Union (2005) and succeeded in abolishing intra-community tariffs and adopting a Common External Tariff (CET); in addition, the East African Community Common Market (EACCM) was established in 2010 aimed at free movements of goods in the EAC, among others. However, Partner States may not realize the full trade and welfare benefits of a customs union and common market in the presence of technical barriers to trade (TBT). Trade between the Partner States is still being hampered by the existence of non-tariff barriers, which is of concern to the private sector in the EAC. This was happening in spite of establishing the EAC Customs Union (EACU) and the EAC Common Market (EACCM) which aimed at elimination of trade barriers and facilitation of intra-eac trade. In an attempt to address the challenges faced by the private sector, The East African Business Council (EABC) is at the forefront of facilitating private sector participation in the integration process of the EAC. EABC is the apex body of business associations of the Private Sector and Corporate bodies from the five East African Community Member Countries, 1.2 The Rationale for the Study In order to respond to the challenges and unnecessary trade barriers faced by suppliers in intra-regional trade due to differences in technical regulation and standards amongst EAC Partner States the EABC established an EAC regional private sector standards platform. To deal with these challenges the Platform adopted for the next three to five years strategies that include: i. Persuade and work with the relevant EAC structures, the East African Committee (EASC), towards a common East African Technical Regulation Framework in order to harmonize the disparities in technical regulation development and administration currently experienced; ii. Facilitate the further harmonization of standards across the region by presenting private sector needs to the regional technical committees, and by increased and active participation in their development; Page 2

22 iii. iv. Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study Communicate actively at the EAC Sectoral Council of Trade, Industry, Investment and Finance to initiate and implement necessary changes to the current situation regarding standards and technical regulations; and Actively engage with the EASC as well as its national counterparts in order to bring about the necessary changes required to enhance intra-regional trade without negating the safety and health aspects of products and services. To assist in implementing some of these strategies, EABC commissioned this study. 1.3 Purpose of the Study This study had several key objectives as outlined in the specific terms of reference (shown in Annex 10).The broad objective of this study was to generate data that can assist to inform the private sector and other stakeholders to propose position(s) suggesting best actions to fasttrack the harmonization of standards and the development of technical regulations framework with a view of promoting free movement of goods in the EAC. 1.4 The Specific Objectives of the Study In order to meet the purpose of the study, the terms of reference were specifically to: i. Identify the most traded products in the EAC region by each partner state in the last 5 years; ii. Identify the most exported products by each partner state to the world in the last 5 years; iii. iv. Identify the most imported products by each partner state into the EAC region in the last 5 years; Identify priority sectors (current and prospective) for intra-trade for each partner state; v. Identify the standards covering the most traded products (as identified above ) and recommend the standards that need to be developed, harmonized, reviewed or withdrawn so as to facilitate intra-eac trade; vi. vii. viii. ix. Identify the conformity requirements for the most imported products (as identified in (iii) above; Recommend possible options/strategies to fast-track the standards harmonization process; Identify national technical regulations existing in each partner states; establishing the objectives of such regulations and their impact to the private sector; Identify the national technical regulations that impede trade; x. Draw various lessons from other regional economic blocks on: xi. harmonization Technical regulations development; Recommend a technical regulations framework that would be suitable for EAC. Page 3

23 1.5 The Scope of the Study The study was limited to identifying the most traded goods by each Partner State to the other Partner States and the rest of the world and examine whether the goods have sufficient and suitable standards; and identify the technical regulations existing in each partner state as well as examine the conformity assessment regimes in each partner state to assist in informing the private sector and other stakeholders to propose position(s) suggesting best actions to fasttrack the harmonization of standards and the development of technical regulations framework with a view of promoting free movement of goods in the EAC. 1.6 The Significance of the Study This study is of significance to the domain of standards and technical regulations in the EAC as it extends the knowledge base that currently exist in that field. The concept of standards and technical regulations are technical, scientific and relatively new in the EAC block. Therefore, this study generates information for stakeholders in the public and private institutions such as the Government Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) and Private Sector Organizations (PSO), businesses, the scholars and researchers and may help the MDAs, National Bodies (NSB), East African Committee and other relevant EAC structures and policy makers design standards policies and technical regulations that enhance trade through the free movements of goods. 1.7 Organization of the Study The study is composed of four chapters. Chapter 1 contains the study background, rationale, purpose, objectives, scope and significance. Chapter 2 reviews and analyses the current situation. Chapter 3 presents the methodology, Chapter 4 discuses the findings and Chapter 5 presents conclusions and recommendations. Page 4

24 2. SITUATION OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS The East African Community (EAC) is the regional inter-governmental organization of the Republics of Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and the United Republic of Tanzania, with its headquarters in Arusha, Tanzania. 2.1 The East African Community Integration Process Agreement was reached in 2004 by the EAC to fast track regional integration in all four key areas Customs Union, Common Market, Monetary Union and Political Federation. The key tasks identified by the EAC Development Strategy over the five year period were full implementation of the Customs Union in parallel with concluding the Common Market Protocol, and laying the foundations for an East Africa Monetary Union and an East African Political Federation. The establishment of a Customs Union in 2005 and a Common Market in 2010 has boosted the region's overall trade performance, though with some challenges. The EAC Common Market is an integrated single market across all EAC states with a Common External Tariff (CET). The Common Market was built on the success of the Customs Union, and is part of the process towards Monetary Union and ultimately Political Federation. A fully-fledged Common Market and Customs Union was envisaged to resolve some of the challenges that Partner States faced and culminate into benefits that include: trade opportunities, larger markets, improved competitiveness, the high returns on investment, free labor movement, increasing bargaining power, among others 3. The EAC Development Strategy aims at the consolidation of the Customs Union, Common Market, the establishment of a Monetary Union and laying the foundations for the political federation plus the promotion of solid and economic infrastructure (including energy) that would support and spur economic growth in the Partner States. 2.2 Socio-economic Significance of Trade in East Africa The realization of a large regional economic block encompassing the five (5) countries with a combined population of more than 133 million people (2010), land area of 1.82 million square kilometers and a combined Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at current prices of $79.2 billion (2010) 4, bears great strategic and geopolitical significance and prospects of a renewed and reinvigorated East African Community. Kenya has the highest GDP followed by Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi. Trade sector plays an important role in the region s economy in terms of GDP contribution and export earnings, but mostly, in terms of employment and income generation for its rural 3 Article 4 (2a) of the EAC Common Market Protocol states that the specific objectives of the Common Market are to accelerate economic growth and development of the Partner States through the attainment of the free movement of goods, persons and labour, the rights of establishment and residence and the free movement of services and capital; 4 Source: Partner States and EAC Statistics Page 5

25 population. It also accounts for the highest number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) compared to other sectors. Table 1: Partner States and EAC GDP at Current Market Prices (Million US$) Partner State Burundi , , ,498.1 Tanzania 11, , , , , , , ,914.9 Uganda 7, , , , , , , ,018.9 Kenya 14, , , , , , , ,171.0 Rwanda 1, , , , , , , ,628.5 East Africa 36, , , , , , , ,231.2 Source: EAC Statistics and EAC website The EAC per capita GDP (at current prices) increased slightly from US$ in 2009 to US$ 685 in Kenya had the highest per capita income of US$ 833.4, followed by Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, and Burundi with US$ 540.0, US$ 525.9, US$ 522.0, and US$ 173.0, respectively. The dominant sector in all the Partner States was agriculture, followed by wholesale and retail trade, manufacturing and transport and communication. Table 2: Subsector-wise Value added by activity at basic prices. GDP at basic prices (Millions US$) and % Subsector Composition (2010) Tanzania Uganda Kenya Rwanda Overall GDP at basic prices Value % Value % Value % Value % Value % Agriculture & Forestry 5,522 26% 3,117 20% 6,905 25% 1,794 34% 17,338 25% Wholesale & retail 2,774 13% 2,249 14% 3,306 12% % 9,070 13% Manufacturing 2,057 10% 1,347 8% 3,209 11% 374 7% 6,987 10% Transport & Communication 1,659 8% 1,568 10% 3,147 11% 439 8% 6,813 10% Construction 1,823 9% 2,152 14% 1,376 5% 420 8% 5,771 8% Real Estate, renting & 2,021 10% 1,011 6% 1,553 6% % 5,098 7% Business Services Public administration & 1,830 9% 522 3% 1,503 5% 256 5% 4,111 6% defense Education 323 2% 891 6% 1,836 7% 283 5% 3,333 5% Financial Intermediation 403 2% 533 3% 1,811 6% 137 3% 2,884 4% Electricity & Water Supply 486 2% 676 4% 772 3% 12 0% 1,946 3% Hotels & Restaurant 535 3% 765 5% 537 2% 117 2% 1,954 3% Health and social work 378 2% 181 1% 840 3% 87 2% 1,486 2% Mining & Quarrying 761 4% 55 0% 223 1% 36 1% 1,075 2% Other Community, social & personal services 144 1% 397 2% 1,067 4% 57 1% 1,665 2% Fishing 326 2% 473 3% 185 1% 19 0% 1,003 1% Total 21, % 5, % 28, % 5, % 70, % Source: EAC statistics and eac website 2.3 and Trade are common in all forms of human activity and are designed to both simplify transactions and provide an element of certainty in exchange. fulfill a number of diverse functions. In the technical realm, standards lower risk, increase credibility and trust, Page 6

26 and facilitate predictability for buyers and sellers. Therefore, standards are necessary for the smooth functioning of exchange between anonymous economic agents, as parties to a transaction must be assured of the nature and quality of the product involved. By reducing search and transaction costs and lowering risk, standards help to facilitate exchange and trade. The efficacy of exchange is enhanced by two main functions of a standard as a guarantee of a minimum quality and by defining the characteristics or specifications of the product or its production process and associated criteria of performance. Although standardization is necessary to facilitate market operations and implies some degree of homogeneity, it does not follow that variety per se is undesirable. reflect the needs of the groups that express them and as long as groups differ, their optimal standards will reflect these differences. Product standards and grades 5 specify the characteristics of the final product. These characteristics of the product can include shape, size, weight, safety, authenticity, energy, nutritional content and organo-leptic quality attributes (colour /appearance, taste, texture, etc.). Commodity standards and grades exist to facilitate the operation of product marketing systems. However, in an increasingly globalised economy, the role of grades and standards are shifting from the traditional or historical role of reducing transaction costs in mass commodity markets towards a role as strategic tools for product differentiation and market segmentation. Product standards, by nature, play a role in markets of vertically differentiated products, i.e. products that appear in different varieties and which can be ordered according to a certain objective scale (e.g. milk with higher or lower butter fat content). The concept of a minimum standard is used in the context of vertically differentiated goods, by implying that only products that reach a certain level of quality or higher are considered to meet the standard. Process standards specify the characteristics of the production process used to produce the product, such as organic or biological production, free range, use of animal welfare and environmentally friendly production processes, worker/ labor conditions, fair trade, among others. Process standards specify production techniques that the preparation of a product must follow from raw product, to processing through to the intermediate and final product for packing and distribution. 2.4 Forms of A broad definition of standards includes mandatory technical regulations as well as voluntary agreements on the quality characteristics of goods and services. Mandatory standards are standards set by public agencies and for which compliance is obligatory. While private or proprietary standards are voluntary standards, in many instances they have become de facto obligatory because of wide acceptance by market participants due to dominant share in the market or practice, or when compliance with them is a requirement for suppliers to access the proprietary value chain of some large food retailers and food service firms. 5 Grades and standards are defined parameters that segregate similar products into categories and describe them with consistent terminology that can be commonly understood by market participants. are rules of measurement established by regulation and authority and grades are a system of classification based on quantifiable attributes. Page 7

27 2.4.1 Public Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study Public standards often take the form of mandatory minimum quality standards (MQS) and have the effect of increasing the provision of some desirable attribute of the product. Traditionally these standards have been enforced through official inspection of production facilities and or end products, and at considerable public cost. International public standards comprise of standards developed by international organizations such as: International Organization for Standardization (ISO), that develops ISO International that ensure that products and services are safe, reliable and of good quality. ISO is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. The organization promulgates worldwide proprietary, industrial, and commercial standards. International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), which provides an international framework for plant protection which includes developing International for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) for safeguarding plant resources; World Organization for Animal Health Office (Internationale des Epizooties (OIE)), which is an intergovernmental organization responsible for improving animal health worldwide; CODEX Alimentarius, which is a collection of internationally recognized standards, codes of practice, guidelines and other recommendations relating to foods, food production and food safety as pioneered by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO). International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a non-profit, non-governmental international standards organization that prepares and publishes International for all electrical, electronic and related technologies collectively known as "Electrotechnology". IEC standards cover a vast range of technologies from power generation, transmission and distribution to home appliances and office equipment, semiconductors, fiber optics, batteries, solar energy, nanotechnology and marine energy as well as many others. The IEC also manages three global conformity assessment systems that certify whether equipment, system or components conform to its International. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is responsible for issues that concern information and communication technologies. The ITU coordinates the shared global use of the radio spectrum, promotes international cooperation in assigning satellite orbits, works to improve telecommunication infrastructure in the developing world, and assists in the development and coordination of worldwide technical standards. Page 8

28 Regional and National Public start at the country level and most countries have their own national standardsmaking bodies, and most of these are members of ISO and have all of the following roles: They publish, and may write, their own national standards They represent their country in regional and international standards-setting fora They hold a reference library of national, regional and international standards They sell copies of standards Some also offer conformity assessment services such as accreditation, certification or other commercial activities National standards bodies may also group together to make regional standards. For example, national standards bodies in EAC are also members of the East African Committee (EASC) as well as members of ISO. The EASC develops EAC regional standards known as East African (EAS) Private Private standards are developed by the private sector and continue to evolve in response to general regulatory requirements about food quality and in response to changing consumer preferences and demand for higher quality and more varied food in general. Private food standards have enabled firms to meet these challenges as well as to differentiate their products and to refocus agricultural and food markets from price-based to quality-based competition. The role of private standards is supported on the demand side by affluent consumers in developed countries with sophisticated and varied tastes and on the supply side by production, processing and distribution technologies that allow product differentiation and market extension and segmentation. A variety of niche/specialist market standards, include: organic standards, fair-trade standards, rainforest alliance standards, the carbon standards, and social accountability standards (SA 8000) as depicted by the following logos: Organic are mainly meant to promote farming that is non-contaminated with manufactured chemicals considered to be harmful to environment and to human health. Certification for organic standard covers several important areas of agriculture and of aquaculture as well. There are preliminary conversion requirements that help to ensure that the cultivation medium and the area cultivated are reasonably free of contaminants or synthetic agrochemicals. The certification addresses the processes of cultivation, particularly issues of fertilization, crop protection and risks of contamination. Page 9

29 Fair Trade standards are meant to promote socially conscious production, mainly dealing with human and worker rights. They guarantee minimum prices considered as fair to producers that must be invested in projects that enhance social, economic and environmental development. They set clear minimum and developmental criteria and objectives for social, economic and environmental sustainability. The SA 8000 is based on the principles of international human rights norms as described in International Labour Organization Conventions, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It measures the performance of companies in eight key areas: child labour, forced labour, health and safety, free association and collective bargaining, discrimination, disciplinary practices, working hours and compensation. SA8000 also provides for a social accountability management system to demonstrate ongoing conformance with the standard. Industry (private coalition) standards include: Global Good Agricultural Practices, (GLOBALGAP) formerly EUREPGAP; Safe Quality Food (SQF 1000/2000) quality code which is a HACCP-based food quality and safety certification code for primary producers, International Food Standard (IFS); Nature s Choice which promotes organic production and bio-friendly wholesome natural foods which are free of preservatives and chemicals; filiere qualite; British Retail Consortium (BRC), which was developed with the main objective of protecting consumers health and to enable British retailers to comply with the UK Food Safety Act. BRC works on the principles of HACCP standards and hence requires certification by a third party. Firms supplying to the UK retailers have to comply with this standard. Examples of the private coalition standards logos are: Some of the regulations of GLOBALGAP include Phyto-sanitary measures; conformity to quality standard; Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs); new organic inspection requirements; standards on labour rights and worker welfare; environmental standards; labeling and traceability requirements; requirements for record keeping and auditing; traceability and generally Good Agricultural Practices among others. GLOBALGAP is actively involved in harmonization of standards and provides and facilitates a benchmarking process whereby national and regional standards that are in line with the vision and objectives of GLOBALGAP standards are evaluated for GLOBALGAP equivalence. Private in the EAC Organic : East Africa is one of the major producers and exporters in African continent of certified organic products. Domestic markets are also growing rapidly through the Page 10

30 efforts of the Kenyan Organic Agriculture Network (KOAN), the Tanzanian Organic Agriculture Movement (TOAM) and the National Organic Movement of Uganda (NOGAMU). Through consultations between the public and the private sector and the efforts of these national organizations a common East African Organic Products Standard (EAS 456: 2007) was developed. The implementation of the East African Organic Products Standard was expected to boost organic trade and market development in the region, through awareness raising about organic agriculture among farmers and consumers, and create a unified negotiating position that should help East African organic farmers access export markets and influence international organic standard setting processes. Global GAP : In the EAC Kenya-GAP is the only comprehensive horticulture (vegetables, flowers, fruits) quality assurance scheme that has acquired EurepGAP/ GlobalGAP equivalence. It is also unique in the sense that it incorporates small scale farming techniques and concerns. There are efforts to roll out this benchmarked Global GAP Standard as East African Good Agricultural Practice (EAGAP). In additional, there are efforts at national levels to develop national equivalent standards of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). Other private standards have not been domesticated in the EAC and therefore there are no national or EAC equivalents. Suppliers have to comply with the requirements as stipulated in the importing country or the international standard. Table 3: Comparison of # Form of Standard 1 Public Regulation 2 Semi-public /private Norms 3 Private standards 4 Proprietary private standards Origin of Standard Implemented by the State Outcome of consensus between public and private representatives of sector Created by an enterprise for internal use or a group of producers and recognized by state Created by a retailer, food service operator or manufacturer to coordinate and control their suppliers Function of standards Protection of consumer, prevention of fraud General procedure such as HACCP A standard developed to reflect existing public regulations or a Designated Product and related process of production. Covers relations between buyer and private suppliers Compliance with Mandatory Voluntary Conformity Voluntary Voluntary but generally covered by contractual relations Enforcement of standard Official certification and inspection Certified by first, second or a third party Conformity guaranteed by internal controls or certified by an independent organization or public agency Conformity ensured by audit by second party or certification by an independent organization By applying the distinction between mandatory and voluntary standards, it is possible to define a two dimensional classification of standards that has been widely applied. In the case of countries at low levels of development, most standards fall into the mandatory public standards. While public standards may exist on the law books in least developed countries they may not have much effect in practice, if not enforced by state authorities. As the economy develops and becomes more integrated into the global market place, there is Page 11

31 typically increased incidence of voluntary public standards, particularly for the export sector, and then private standards increase. In the case of developed countries, many private proprietary standards have become de-facto obligatory for market participants as dominant firms impose their requirements on suppliers through the processes of market competition based on quality differentiation. Voluntary standards can also evolve as a mechanism to facilitate compliance with mandatory standards or to demonstrate such compliance. For example, compliance with voluntary standards (i.e. application of HACCP systems) can be used to demonstrate due diligence with respect to legal product liability standards. Mandatory standards can also reference private standards as part of their requirements. This can reinforce the voluntary use of such standards and increase their acceptance. It also helps to ensure that standards institutions seek to consult with industries in the standard setting process. A further distinction can be made between national standards and standards developed by countries on a collective or multilateral basis. In some circumstances adoption of international standards can be a cost effective way to upgrade domestic standards in order to meet international market requirements. The efficacy of this approach to standard setting is dependent on the extent to which international standards reflect domestic needs and circumstances. Where they do not take adequate account of local conditions, costs of compliance can be greater than what is required for domestically based standards. 2.5 Types of Two basic types of standards exist, namely: A prescriptive standard defines exactly how to do something like a recipe. A prescriptive standard allows little or no flexibility. On the other hand, performance standards define an end result, but allow total flexibility on how that result is achieved. The advantages of performance standards are that it allows for greater flexibility that results in cost reductions, encourages innovation, and able to use industry approaches to achieve outcomes and targets which are easier to communicate to industry. 2.6 The WTO TBT and SPS Agreements Technical and other requirements for products, as well as requirements for conformity assessment such as testing, certification, etc. were originally introduced to protect the public from hazardous or substandard products and practices in each country, and the requirements are one of the most important tools to this effect. As the systems developed according to national preferences, they gradually became effective barriers to trade. Certain countries have even used such requirements to establish new barriers to trade. To avert these practices, the World Trade Organization (WTO) 6 developed rules for the handling of such requirements. 6 The World Trade Organization (WTO) deals with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible. Currently all the EAC Partner States are members of the WTO. Page 12

32 These are manifested in two agreements, the Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement (TBT agreement) and the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS agreement). The TBT and SPS entered into effect on January 1, The TBT agreement deals mostly with industrial goods, but also includes certain aspects, such as packaging and labeling, of agricultural or agro-industrial products. The SPS agreement deals with food safety, animal and plant health. The agreement affirms the rights of WTO members to restrict international trade when necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health. At the same time, it aims to ensure that unnecessary health and safety regulations are not used as an excuse for protecting domestic producers from trade competition The TBT Agreement This agreement covers technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures. Technical regulations are mandatory requirements of governments, designed to fulfill objectives such as prevention of deceptive practices, protection of safety, health and the environment. are voluntary documents, developed for common use. Their objective includes those of the technical regulations, but they also aim wider, for example uniformity of products, in order to facilitate trade. Voluntary standards are usually developed by the participation of a wide range of interest groups, such as government, trade and industry, consumers and research. Conformity assessment is the procedure used to ensure that technical regulations or standards are met, for example inspection, testing, certification, etc. The aim of the TBT agreement 7 is to ensure that technical requirements or conformity assessment procedures do not in themselves create unnecessary obstacles to international trade. The agreement recognizes that all governments have the right to take measures necessary to ensure that their legitimate objectives are met, but these measures should not discriminate against countries (including their own) or result in disguised restrictions on trade. The WTO/TBT committee has laid down principles for the development of international standards such as transparency, openness, impartiality and consensus, effectiveness and relevance, coherence and a development dimension The SPS Agreement This agreement affirms the rights of WTO members to restrict international trade when necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health. At the same time, it aims to ensure that unnecessary health and safety regulations are not used as an excuse for protecting 7 Article 5 (Section 5.1.2) of TBT agreement states that Members shall ensure that, in cases where a positive assurance of conformity with technical regulations or standards is required, their central government bodies apply the provisions to products originating in the territories of other Members such that conformity assessment procedures are not prepared, adopted or applied with a view to or with the effect of creating unnecessary obstacles to international trade. This means, inter alia, that conformity assessment procedures shall not be more strict or be applied more strictly than is necessary to give the importing Member adequate confidence that products conform with the applicable technical regulations or standards, taking account of the risks nonconformity would create. Page 13

33 domestic producers from trade competition. To avoid SPS measures being used as disguised trade restrictions, the SPS agreement requires such measures to be based on scientific arguments, and they may not discriminate between countries where similar conditions prevail. The SPS agreement requires WTO members to base their SPS measures on international standards and explicitly recognize three intergovernmental organizations: the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) for food safety, the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) for animal health, and the FAO International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) for plant health. Measures based on these organizations standards are deemed to comply with the SPS agreement WTO Notifications The differences between technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment (testing, certification and inspection) procedures adopted by various countries can result in the creation of obstacles to international trade. The TBT Agreement and the SPS Agreement are the main international agreements instruments adopted to-date in the areas of technical regulations. The aim of the Agreements is to ensure that technical regulations, standards, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, and conformity assessment procedures do not create unnecessary obstacles to international trade. It provides for a notification procedure which requires all WTO members to inform other members, through the WTO Secretariat, of their proposed technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures. This procedure allows business enterprises in WTO member states to become acquainted with technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures proposed by members before they are adopted. The TBT and SPS Agreements require WTO members to establish National Enquiry Points (NEP) as a way of mitigating problems business enterprises face in obtaining information on technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures applicable to their products in international markets. The NEPs are responsible for: Responding to enquiries on standards, technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures; and Obtaining, compiling and dissemination of TBT and SPS notifications to business enterprises in the EAC. Member states of the EAC have set up TBT and SPS NEPs to help business enterprises obtain technical requirements for market access in WTO countries. The NEPs within the EAC are based in the National Bureaux of. 8 Article 4 of the SPS Agreement states that: 1. Members shall accept the sanitary or phytosanitary measures of other Members as equivalent, even if these measures differ from their own or from those used by other Members trading in the same product, if the exporting Member objectively demonstrates to the importing Member that its measures achieve the importing Member's appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection. For this purpose, reasonable access shall be given, upon request, to the importing Member for inspection, testing and other relevant procedures. 2. Members shall, upon request, enter into consultations with the aim of achieving bilateral and multilateral agreements on recognition of the equivalence of specified sanitary or phytosanitary measures. Page 14

34 2.7 The TBT Infrastructure The TBT infrastructure consists of institutions for standardization and conformity assessment. The role of the institutions is defined in legislation, which also states the national needs for protection. With the rapid expansion of economic integration and globalization of trade, standards have increasingly become crucial elements in facilitating production and trade in goods and services worldwide. stipulate parameters that products must meet in order for them, not just to be competitive in the local market but also to access both regional and international markets. also aid regulatory controls through issuance of technical regulations and conformity assessment requirements. However, standards, technical regulations and conformity requirements may create Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), if not well managed. Business competitiveness is also threatened by inefficient administration and irrational application of standards or technical regulations and private standards requirements that go beyond the objectives of human safety, plant and animal health and life. A complete and internationally recognized network for quality infrastructure is indispensable in a developing economy like that of EAC. The existence of well functioning quality infrastructure has therefore become a prerequisite for the developing economies close integration into the global value chains. Well functioning quality infrastructures will not only open door for producers in the developing countries to the lucrative premium markets in the developed countries, but it will also help the developing countries producers to raise the standard of their production processes and increase intra-trade. The improvement to productive capacity is vital to the sustained improvement of livelihoods in the developing countries. To gain international recognition of the national quality infrastructure, developing countries need to seek full membership in the main international accreditation organizations, that is, the International Accreditation Forum (IAF) and the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC), and should sign their mutual recognition agreements (MRA). A number of countries have not joined these organizations and therefore, their accreditation systems may lose credibility at home and abroad. 2.8 Overview of the EAC Standardization Framework The formation of the East African Community has led to many positive steps in the field of standards. The EAC Standardization, Quality Assurance, Metrology and Testing (SMQT) Act (2006) was developed in line with the EAC Protocol on SQMT which provides for regional cooperation in the areas of standards, metrology, conformity assessment, accreditation and technical regulations. The Act was meant to facilitate industrial development and trade and to ensure the protection of health and safety of society and the environment within the community. It is important to note that the SQMT Act also provides for the development of East African standards. The standards are developed jointly by the national standards bodies of the Partner States in accordance with the procedures approved and maintained by the East African Committee (EASC). Page 15

35 The EASC, may however for purposes of urgency develop and approve a normative document 9 to serve as an East African Standard. Section 1of the SQMT Act gives the EASC powers to declare an East African Standard or a provision of that standard to be a compulsory throughout the Community. The act also establishes three administrative structures at the community level namely, the East African Committee (EASC), Liaison Office and the East African Accreditation Board (EAAB) The East African Committee (EASC) The EASC established under Section 4 of the Act, has a crucial mandate that includes coordinating activities related to standardization, metrology and conformity assessment. The Committee monitors the implementation of the said activities at national and community levels. It submits standards, reports and recommendations to the Council of Ministers of the East African Community concerning the implementation of the Treaty that affects standardization, metrology and conformity assessments Technical Management Committee (STMC) The STMC is responsible for developing and harmonizing East African (denoted as EAS). Harmonization of standards is an essential requirement towards greater economic integration in the Community and facilitating trade The Liaison Office The Liaison Office under section 5 of the Act provides administrative support to the EASC. Its other functions include providing logistical support to the EASC in the design and management of Community projects for the implementation of standardization, metrology and conformity assessment activities. It arranges for public review of draft East African standards to solicit for comments by interested parties and presenting the same to the Council for declaration as East African and gazetting the. The office in addition to publicizing and promoting standardization, metrology and conformity assessment activities, also maintains the catalogue and authoritative texts of the declared East African standards The East African Accreditation Board (EAAB) The EAAB under section 11 is supposed to comprises of chief executives of the national accreditation bodies and national focal points. The Board is supposed to facilitate cooperation and coordinate accreditation activities to avoid duplication of functions of the national accreditation bodies and national focal points and also promote the acceptability of test certification and inspection results from accredited organizations within the Community Administration of at National Level The EAC SMQT Act provides for each Partner State to designate a national quality system institution. The said institution functions as a National Body (NSB), a national 9 A normative document means a document developed and approved by the Committee, that resembles an East African Standard, but which for reasons of urgency, cost, or expediency, has not achieved the same degree of consensus as an East African Standard. Such a document is developed for purposes of urgency in place of an East African Standard. It is ad-hoc and only valid for 2 years. Page 16

36 metrology institute, a national legal metrology department and a National Accreditation Body (NAB). These are the institutions that administer standards at the national level and may take the form of several institutions or one institution that combines all the above responsibilities. The national standards body is mandated, among others, to develop and publish standards in line with internationally recognized procedures and give effect to the decisions and recommendations of the Council and the EASC with regard to East African standards. The same body represents the country on the EASC and in all relevant regional and international standardization organizations such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) The National Metrology Institute The National Metrology Institute maintains and acts as a custodian of the national measurement standards according to the needs of the private and public sectors and in accordance with international standards. It also disseminates units of measurement and maintains a traceability chain. It also ensures that national measurements capabilities are appropriately tied to the international mutual recognition arrangements on measurement capability. The Institute represents the country on relevant metrology organizations such as the International Committee on Weights and Measures (CIPM) The National Legal Metrology Department The National Legal Metrology Department protects society from the consequences of false measurement in the trade and work environment and in the health and safety sectors; it approves measuring equipment to be used for public or private transactions. It controls the use of measuring equipment in public and private transactions; and controls pre-packaging of products and gives effect to the decisions of Council and the EASC with regard to legal metrology. The department represents the country on relevant international legal metrology organizations such as the Organization Internationale de Metrologie Legal (OIML) The National Accreditation Body This body is supposed to accredit conformity assessment bodies and personnel within the country, monitors international activities relevant to its own activities and represents the country on relevant international accreditation bodies. It is recognized by a Partner State provided it demonstrates that it is pursuing international recognition or is internationally recognized by the International Accreditation Forum (IAF). 2.9 The National Bodies in the EAC Partner States Each EAC Partner State has a national Body (NSB), namely: Kenya Bureau of (KEBS) Kenya Bureau of (KEBS) was established in 1974 and its functions are: development and harmonization Testing Measurement (Calibration) Enforcement of standards Page 17

37 Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study Product inspection Education and training in Standardization, Metrology and Conformity Assessment Management Systems Certification Product Certification Box 1: Kenya Quality Marks and Conformity Regime Standardization Mark (S-Mark) The Diamond Mark of Quality (D-Mark) The S-Mark is a mandatory product certification scheme for locally manufactured products provided for under section 10 of the Act Cap 496, Laws of Kenya. Import standardization Mark (ISM- Mark) The Import Standardization Mark Scheme ensures independent third-party certification, it gives clear evidence that the product bearing the ISM mark conforms to a specific Kenyan or International standard. The Diamond Mark of Quality (also referred to as D-Mark) is a voluntary product certification scheme operated by Kenya Bureau of (KEBS). It is a mark of excellence awarded to manufacturers (either based locally or abroad) which has demonstrated high degree of excellence in product manufacturing and quality. D-Mark permit holders to qualify automatically for the standardization mark (SM) without any additional payments. The permit to use the mark is valid for period of three years subject to satisfactory quality performance and full compliance to other contractual obligations signed between KEBS and the permit holder. Inspections/PVoC PVoC is a conformity assessment programme based on Article 5 of WTO-TBT agreement, administered by Kenya Bureau of on behalf of the Government, carried out by the appointed KEBS Verification partners on regulated goods in the country of supply. The overall objective is to minimize the risk of unsafe and substandard goods entering Kenyan market, thus ensuring health, safety and environmental protection for Kenyans. To ensure equal national treatment, in line with WTO, all conformity assessments shall be based on Kenyan technical regulations (i.e. Kenya Standard) where they exist. However, in the absence of Kenyan technical regulations, International Standard or technical regulations applicable in the country of supply shall apply The Rwanda Bureau of (RBS) Rwanda Bureau of (RBS) is a public institution established by Rwanda Government to undertake all activities pertaining to the development of standards, quality assurance and metrology in the country. It is the only body with powers to define and possess national standards. Public services and public or private firms must present their standards to RBS for adoption at national level. The Bureau is governed by the Board of Directors composed of major stakeholders from government, industry, academic institutions, and consumer associations. Box 2: Rwanda Quality Marks and Conformity Regime RBS Standardization Mark (S Mark) S Mark is issued for use on products that comply with the minimum product specifications prescribed in Rwanda. It uses standards as a benchmark for quality compliance and aims at giving manufactures improved market access and also giving consumers an assurance of quality for the products bearing the mark. The Standardization mark also referred to as S-Mark is currently a voluntary mark in Rwanda. It can be applied on locally Page 18

38 manufactured products complying with the relevant standards. A manufacture can acquire a standardization mark on application, once it is established that the product complies with the relevant standards, and that the manufacturing process can consistently manufacture similar products. This is confirmed through different interval audits conducted at the producers' premises. RBS Mark of Excellence ISO and HACCP on Food Safety Management System ISO 9001 Quality Management System ISO Environmental Management Systems The RBS Mark of Excellence is being used by business operators whose products proved worthiness Inspections Import quality inspection in Rwanda started in May 2004 after the establishing of the law no. 43/2006 of 5/10/2006 creating a National Bureau of. The Rwanda Bureau of standards instruction No 01/2004 of 01/12/2004 provides for Regulation for compulsory batch certification of import. Inspection activities cover products, premises and services. Inspection activities are done through import inspection, market surveillance as well as industry, hotels and restaurants inspection. All inspection activities conducted by Rwanda Bureau of (RBS) are aimed at effective implementation of Rwanda standards for the purpose of consumer protection and trade promotion Tanzania Bureau of (TBS) Tanzania Bureau of (TBS) was established by an Act of Parliament in 1975 as the National Institute and became operational in April It was subsequently renamed Tanzania Bureau of through an amendment to the Act by Act in Specifically, TBS was mandated to undertake measures for quality control of products of all descriptions and to promote standardization in industry and commerce. TBS has the following functions: To undertake measures for quality control of commodities, services and environment of all descriptions and to promote standardization in industry and trade; To make arrangements or provide facilities for the testing and calibration of precision instruments, gauges and scientific apparatus, for the determination of their degree of accuracy and traceability by comparison with standards approved by the Minister of Industry and Trade on the recommendation of the Board of Directors, and for issue of certificates in regard to them; To make arrangements or provide facilities for the examination and testing of commodities and any material or substance from or with which, and the manner in which, they may be manufactured, produced, processed or treated; To approve, register and control the use of standard marks in accordance with the provisions of the Act; To grant, renew, suspend, vary or cancel any license issued for the use of any standards mark; To assist industries in setting up and enforcing quality assurance and environmental management systems procedures; Page 19

39 Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study To prepare, frame, modify or amend National ; To encourage or undertake educational work in connection with standardization, quality assurance, metrology, testing and environment; To assist the Government or any other person in the preparation and framing of standards; To co-operate with other Government agencies, representatives of any industry or any other statutory corporation or person with a view to securing the adoption and practical application of standards; To provide for the inspection, sampling and testing of locally manufactured and imported commodities with a view to determining whether the commodities comply with the provisions of the Act or any other law dealing with standards relevant to those commodities; To act as the custodian of the National Measurement of weights and measures and from time to time adjust, replace or cancel any standards where the adjustment, replacement or cancellation is necessary for the maintenance of conformity to the international standards; To be the signatory of the mutual recognition arrangement with other national metrology institutes; To collect, publish and disseminate literature and other materials on standardization and other related subjects and to provide facilities for the members of the public to have access to the materials; To carry-out, promote or assist in research on standardization and related subjects; To participate in, or to make arrangements for conferences, workshops, seminars and discussions on matters connected with the activities of the Bureau; To co-operate with regional and international organizations in all matters related to standardization and quality assurance and represent the country in such matters; To publish from time to time an updated version of a National Standard for the quantities and units of measurement to be used, which shall be in conformity with the latest version of the International System of Units; To undertake pre-shipment verification conformity (PVoC) to standards; and To do all other acts and things, and enter into any transactions, which are, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, expedient or necessary for the proper and efficient discharge of the functions of the Bureau. In the performance of its functions the Bureau takes into consideration the health, safety, environment and general welfare of the people of the United Republic; and maintains, as far as may be practicable, a system of consultation and co-operation with anybody established by or under any written law and having functions similar or relating to industrial or commercial standards generally. Page 20

40 Box 3: Tanzania Quality Marks and Conformity Regime TBS operates three product certification schemes; namely the Mark of Quality Certification Scheme; the Batch Certification Scheme and the Tested Product Certification Scheme. The Bureau also operates the Systems Certification Scheme. Mark Certification The Mark Certification Scheme allows manufacturers whose products have conformed to Tanzania standards to use the tbs Mark of Quality on their products. The scheme requires that the product complies with relevant Tanzania standards. The Mark of Quality is a symbol which manufacturers may use to promote their products and consumers seek as prima facie evidence of quality. Batch Certification Scheme for Imports Batch Certification Scheme for Imports is part of the implementation of Government Notice No. 672 of 1998 The () Compulsory Batch Certification of Imports) Regulations. TBS operated a Batch Certification Scheme for all imports covered under compulsory standards. Under this scheme, the Bureau is also implementing Pre-Export Verification of Conformity (PVoC) to standards program under which products quality is verified in countries of origin. Tested Product Certification Scheme TBS runs the Tested Product Certification Scheme whereby the manufacturer who claims to produce according to company, foreign or international standards which may not be available in Tanzania. The manufacturer s product is tested in TBS laboratories according to the claimed standards and also on-site testing and inspection is done for quality ascertainment. The Tested Product Certification Scheme is a scheme whereby the Bureau has not issued a standard for a product but which otherwise complies with appropriate standard as specified by the product specification and approved by Specification Approval Committee of the Bureau. Pre-shipment Verification of Conformity (PVoC) The Tanzania Bureau of (TBS) has implemented a new product conformity assessment programme for the control of certain categories of imported consumer goods. The new programme, known as Pre-Export Verification of Conformity (PVoC) to standards was implemented from 01 February The objective of the PVoC is to ensure that all imports of regulated products comply with the approved Tanzanian technical regulations, (i.e. Tanzanian or other approved international standards), prior to shipment. Other Conformity Assessment Service Providers in Tanzania: Weights and Measures Agency (WMA) Tanzania The Weights and Measures Bureau has been in existence for over fifty years as a government department striving to meet the needs of the state and the community. Its responsibilities have always been that of consumer protection through ensuring that 'measuring' systems result in fair trade transactions. Throughout its history it has gone a continuous process of change to respond to a dynamic environment. Ever since the agency has remained the sole organization responsible for fair trade transactions through certification of weights and measures. Tanzania Food and Drug Authority The principal duty of Tanzania Food and Drug Authority (TFDA) is to regulate the quality and safety of food, drugs, cosmetics and medical devices marketed in Tanzania for the purpose of protecting public health from the hazards associated with the use of such products. TFDA is a regulatory body responsible for controlling the quality, safety and effectiveness of food, drugs, herbal drugs, cosmetics and medical devices. It was established under Tanzania Food, Drugs and Cosmetics Act No. 1 of 2003, after repealing the Pharmaceutical and Poisons Act No. 9 of 1978 (which established the Pharmacy Board) and Food {Control of Quality} Act No. 10 of 1978 (which established the National Food Control Commission). TFDA, a semi-autonomous body under the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, became operational on 1st July Uganda National Bureau of (UNBS) Uganda National Bureau of (UNBS) is a statutory organization established by an Act of Parliament of June 1983 and became operational in The UNBS is mandated to develop and promote standardisation, quality assurance, laboratory testing and metrology. In pursuit of its mandate, UNBS carries out the following activities: development; Page 21

41 Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study Assisting industrialists /manufacturers and producers to improve on the quality of their products and services; Providing efficient information services on all matters related to standards, quality assurance, metrology and testing ; Market surveillance to rid the market of dangerous, counterfeit and substandard products; Verifying accuracy of weighing and measuring instruments used by traders and consumers in commercial transactions and calibrating measuring and testing equipment used in industry; Carrying out shipment inspection and conformity assessment for exports, imports and tender supplies; Assisting the private sector, procurement agents, government and the general public in conformity assessment of goods by testing, measuring and inspection against standards and or specifications; Carrying out factory inspection to evaluate conformance with standards; and Liaising with national, regional and international standardisation and related bodies. Box 4: UNBS Certification Marks and Conformity regimes The UNBS Quality Mark The S-Mark UNBS operates a Product Quality Certification Scheme, as one of the services to the manufacturing sector. Under this scheme, UNBS certifies the quality of a product and grants the manufacturer a permit to affix the UNBS Quality Mark either on the product itself or on the packaging. This mark gives an assurance to the customer that the product conforms to Uganda and is of good quality This is a mandatory product certification scheme for locally manufactured products provided for under section 21 of the Act Cap 327, of the Uganda National Bureau of Act OTHER UNBS CERTIFICATION MARKS Burundi Bureau of (BBN) In 1989 the standardization and quality system was established by an Act of Parliament of Burundi and in 1992 the standardization and quality control Bureau was established. The Burundi Bureau of and Quality Control "BBN" is the national organization in Burundi in charge of quality control of all products sold in Burundi and those produced in the country for export. It delivers a certificate of sale to marketable products, and a certificate of compliance with quality to the export products. The functions of the Burundi Bureau of are to: Promote standardization in industry and commerce Page 22

42 Prepare or modify specifications and codes of practice Promote quality assurance and management Proceed on metrology testing Create and proceed on management of the certification mark Coordinate committees, laboratories and others services in the field of standardization and quality control Represent the national interest in the field of standardization and quality control 2.10 Technical Regulations Technical regulations are documents which lay down product characteristics or their related processes and production methods, including the applicable administrative provisions, with which compliance is mandatory. Technical regulations are government interventions to minimize risks imposed by products and services by setting minimum safety and other requirements that must be met Types of Technical Regulations The two main types of technical regulations are: Prescriptive - which specify the means for attaining the specified outcome; and Performance-based - which specify the desired objective in precise terms but allow the regulated entity to determine their own technique for achieving the outcome Prescriptive regulations Prescriptive regulations focus attention on only one means of achieving the desired objective. As such, prescriptive regulations can create an obstacle to trade and economic development because firms are locked into a single solution with no opportunity to utilize alternative, and possibly more cost efficient, compliance solutions. Prescriptive regulations may also suppress innovation and create barriers to the uptake of new technology. The advantage of prescriptive regulations is that it provides certainty for those being regulated and for those whose role it is to determine whether the desired objective has been met. Prescriptive regulations may only be applied when there are extremely limited ways of achieving a desired objective or when the problem that the regulation addresses is static because of the implications that result from reduced flexibility Performance Based Regulation Performance-based regulations prescribe the outcomes to be achieved rather than focusing on the step by step processes to which businesses must comply. This therefore allows industries as well as individual firms to take different (and optimal) approaches to achieving outcomes or performance targets. Performance based regulations: Maximizes the flexibility with which government agencies develop alternatives to prescriptive regulation. Places a strong emphasis on the use of performance or outcomes based regulation (i.e. focusing on the outcomes or deliverables rather than focus on detailed prescriptive process guidelines). Page 23

43 Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study Allows flexibility in discussions with industry so that industry may negotiate outcomes and allow flexibility in the approach to meeting regulatory requirements. Maximizes market efficiency in terms of achieving regulatory outcomes. Advantages of Performance Based Regulation The major advantage of performance-based regulations is that they can accommodate a range of technical solutions provided the outcomes are the same. Performance-based regulations provide flexibility for manufacturers in terms of demonstrating compliance with outcomes, thus providing scope for firms to innovate and adopt new technology. Performance-based regulations represent a more flexible approach and allow regulated entities to devise the most efficient and effective method of compliance. Typically, outcomes or performance based regulations are better suited to medium sized and larger firms. These firms have the resources to design tailored programs to achieve outcomes and performance standards and are well placed to devise their own innovative and least-cost means of achieving the desired outcome. However, performance based regulations can be less suitable for smaller organizations as smaller firms may have little internal capacity to develop plans or flexible processes to achieve outcomes. The performance- based means of meeting the needs of small business is to complement the performance standards with non-mandatory codes of practice or references to optional prescriptive standards which provide the concrete guidance which is not provided by performance standards. If compliance with the code of practice is treated as simply one way of achieving the performance standard, then flexibility can be maintained while at the same time giving small business the concrete guidance it often requires Best Practices in Designing Technical Regulations Research by the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) indicates that most countries throughout the world face similar regulatory issues that are largely due to the high volume of regulations, increased complexity of regulations and increased regulatory costs to business. The research by OECD identified the following strategies being implemented by member countries to simplify the regulatory environment and reduce the impact of regulations on businesses: Minimizing government intervention to regulating where there is a particular need, for example, where there is a significant risk to health, safety or the environment. Encouraging greater industry involvement in regulatory design and management. This helps ensure that regulations are relevant to business and are as efficient as possible for business. Endeavoring to make regulatory approaches flexible to allow innovation and more efficient processes within industry to comply with regulatory outcomes. Encouraging significantly greater involvement of business and industry in the design of regulatory systems. Greater use of and sharing of information across jurisdictions to achieve optimal outcomes. Page 24

44 The above elements of best practice in regulatory design help to ensure that efficient regulatory systems are developed taking into consideration the impacts on business. Performance-based technical regulations are generally preferred over prescriptive requirements as they provide flexibility while ensuring that the objective is achieved. Performance-based regulations are a less trade restrictive form of regulation and are endorsed by most trade blocks and by members of the WTO, through Article 2.8 of the WTO TBT Agreement which states: Wherever appropriate, Members shall specify technical regulations based on product requirements in terms of performance rather than design or descriptive characteristics. The best practices in designing technical regulations include: Referencing Voluntary, in particular voluntary standards, developed by both domestic and international standardization bodies, are not necessarily written with a view to possible endorsement or reference by mandatory requirements. As a result, voluntary standards can contain aspects which are not essential to the legitimate objective of the regulations that reference them. Therefore, the standard or parts thereof that represent the minimum necessary to fulfill the regulatory objective should be referenced by the regulations Alignment with International The adoption of common standards reduces the trade restrictive effects of regulation. Manufacturers benefit through the removal of the artificial segmentation between markets that differences in standards create. Manufacturers can produce a single version of the product that is acceptable in all markets, instead of producing numerous small batches for each of the markets they may wish to enter. This can lead to significant cost savings through economies of scale. The WTO TBT Agreement endorses the adoption of international standards as a mechanism for eliminating technical barriers to trade. In particular, the TBT Agreement Article 2(2) states that: Where technical regulations are prepared, adopted or applied in accordance with the relevant international standards, there shall be a presumption that the regulations do not create an unnecessary obstacle to international trade. In addition, standards should be drafted in a transparent, open and non-discriminatory manner. They should also have relevancy, responding to market and regulatory needs, scientific and technological developments, and should not distort global market competition. including national and international, should be continuously reviewed for them to confirm that they are fulfilling intended requirements and objectives Equivalency In the absence of international standards, member states can still achieve similar benefits through the use or recognition of standards from other economies. Acceptance of the Page 25

45 technical regulations or standards of another economy, even where the standards are not exactly identical, can result in significant efficiency gains for industry and regulators. For industry, the practice results in the removal of segmentation effects caused by different standards. The problems faced by regulatory authorities in one economy are often the same as those faced in another economy. The regulatory responses adopted by either economy, while they may be different, generally achieve the same level of protection of health and safety for their respective communities. Accordingly, it should be possible for member economies to reference compliance with the standards of another economy as an acceptable solution provided they are satisfied that these standards adequately fulfill the objectives of their own regulations. This process of reducing the burden to industry and trade is in line with the WTO TBT Agreement article 2 (7), which states: Members shall give positive consideration to accepting as equivalent technical regulations of other Members, even if these regulations differ from their own, provided they are satisfied that these regulations adequately fulfill the objectives of their own regulations. Recognition of technical regulations as equivalents minimizes the trade restrictive effects. Box 5: Technical Regulatory Framework Model Technical regulations are mainly developed and implemented to safeguard the safety and health of people and the environment, and to curtail exploitation of the consumer. Technical Regulations framework involves a system of government policies for intervention in the market place, including impact assessments, legal instruments, technical requirements, regulatory authorities, conformity assessments, sanctions and the supporting SQMT infrastructure. Before implementing a new technical regulation, the authorities need develop a proper policy and conduct an impact assessment to determine whether government intervention is required, and whether it is the most effective way to deal with the problem. A technical regulation is legislation; hence the understanding of what needs to be done starts with identifying and understanding the legislation. This can take many forms, and depends on the legal system and practices of the country. The legislation provides the details regarding the other four building blocks that define the product or process characteristics and the administrative provisions. Figure 1: Generalized Building Blocks of a Technical Regulation Framework Source: EAC Website Page 26

46 The products or process characteristics are the essentials that products or processes have to comply with. They are called technical requirements, standards, compulsory standards, mandatory standards. Some technical regulations contain essential requirements and applicable limits, e.g. maximum levels of contaminants and minerals in bottled water, whereas the testing methods and other technical requirements such as packaging are contained in a referenced standard. Regulatory Authority The Regulatory Authority is responsible to ensure that the products and services falling within the scope of a technical regulation meet the requirements, and has to have legal authority enforce it. The Regulatory Authority is therefore either a Government Department, or a Statutory Body established specifically for this function. In addition, the way in which these Regulatory Authorities go about their business varies tremendously. In principle they should conduct market surveillance, approve products and apply sanctions. In many economies the Regulatory Authorities have to approve products before they can be marketed. Conformity Assessment Conformity assessment is the collective term for the combination of inspection, testing and certification required to provide evidence that the product or service meets the stated requirements. Sanctions are the penalties for noncompliance specified in a law or decree. Without effective sanctions, unscrupulous suppliers will eventually undermine the technical regulation requirements and the objectives of the authorities will suffer or even be totally sabotaged. Two levels of sanctions are commonly encountered, namely: Administrative sanctions whereby suppliers are requested by the regulatory agency to rectify the problem identified in the market place without any further penalties involved. Administrative sanctions could include: - recall of the offending products from the market place to effect repairs and replacements (often used in the automotive industry); and/or - recall of the offending commodities from the market to be destroyed; and/or - advertising campaigns to warn and inform the public about the problem. Legal sanctions are implemented (e.g. court proceedings) should the supplier fail to respond positively on administrative sanctions. Good relations between the regulatory agencies and the supply industry are therefore of paramount importance as problems can be quite often satisfactorily sorted out administratively without resorting to the courts Conformity Assessment Conformity assessment involves procedures used, directly or indirectly, to determine that relevant requirements in technical regulations or standards are fulfilled. Conformity assessment procedures include: procedures for sampling, testing and inspection; evaluation, verification and assurance of conformity; registration, accreditation and approval as well as their combinations (WTO/TBT Agreement) Conformity Assessment Regimes Conformity assessment regimes fall into two broad categories: Pre-Market Conformity Assessment Regimes and Supplier Declaration Conformity Assessment Regimes Pre-Market Conformity Assessment Regimes This category of conformity assessment includes regimes that require products to be assessed prior to entry into the market. It often takes the form of product approvals, product registrations, licences (import/export) or inspections. Pre-market conformity assessment requirements delay the entry of goods onto the market. In some cases, these delays can constitute a significant barrier to entry and may prevent the Page 27

47 uptake of new, innovative and more efficient technologies. However, in high risk areas, for example medical devices and pharmaceuticals, pre-market assessment of a product s conformity may be essential to give adequate assurance that the products do not pose a risk to the health or safety of the community. The most common pre-market conformity assessment regimes include: Inspection Quality inspections are measures aimed at checking, measuring, or testing of one or more product characteristics and to relate the results to the requirements to confirm compliance. This task is usually performed by specialized personnel. Products that do not comply with the specifications are rejected by the inspector. Inspection involves the assessment of each individual product. In cases where a product may deteriorate over time (for example: gas cylinders, motor vehicles and marine vessels), inspection may occur a number of times over the product lifecycle. Inspection is a highly stringent conformity assessment regime and places a significant burden on industry Licensing Licensing individuals or companies is a conformity assessment regime that assesses the competence of an individual or a company to undertake a specific task. Licensing is applicable in situations where the performance characteristics of the product are not readily discernible and confidence that the product conforms to the applicable technical regulations can only be achieved if the product was manufactured by appropriately qualified individuals or companies. Such individuals or companies would be licensed and, where appropriate, subject to review of their license to ensure maintenance of competencies Batch Testing Batch testing involves a sample test of each batch or shipment of mass produced product. Batch testing is declining in popularity as a conformity assessment regime. This is because of the uptake of quality management systems by manufacturers that ensures each product made is of the same quality, and has the same characteristics, as the original batch or sample. Batch testing is used where the regulator has little confidence that each individual product will be of the same quality as the original or sample product Approvals Approvals involve the assessment of a sample of a product and in many economies the regulatory body undertakes the assessment of the product, whereas in others the conformity assessment is undertaken by competent service providers of test facilities or laboratories. However, in both cases the regulatory body retains the final decision, based on the test report, or certificate of conformity to approve or otherwise the sale and/or use of the product. Approval systems are usually augmented by a post-market surveillance mechanism to ensure that the goods being placed on the market are the same as those for which the original approval was given. Page 28

48 Certification Certification is the process of approving that a certain product has passed performance tests and quality assurance tests, and meets qualification criteria stipulated in contracts, regulations, or specifications. In some cases, an initial assessment of the manufactures premises/manufacturing practices is undertaken. Manufacturer s quality management system may also be assessed during the course of certification. Governments in a number of economies rely on certification programs delivered by competent third party product certification bodies that operate in a competitive environment. Such regimes have the advantage of delivering a conformity assessment regime whose costs are reduced through competition while maintaining the same, or possibly better, level of control/regulation of the market place as that offered through the approval system Listing/registration Listing/registration involves registering a product before it is put on the market. Manufacturers and suppliers submit the appropriate documentation, together with supporting evidence, such as test reports, to the regulatory body. The regulatory body, following an assessment of the documentation, lists the product on a register or gazette of approved/recognized products. Listing/registration of products provides the regulatory body with a quick reference for identifying the manufacturer/supplier of any product on the market. Should an instance of non-conformity arise, the regulator can quickly and easily identify the relevant party and take necessary actions Pre-export Verification of Conformity (PVoC) PVoC is a conformity assessment programme based on Article 5 of WTO-TBT agreement, administered by the Bureaus of on behalf of their Governments, carried out by the appointed agents on regulated goods in the country of supply. The overall objective is to minimize the risk of unsafe and substandard goods being exported thus protecting the health, safety and environmental of the importing country. All Conformity assessments shall be based on technical regulations.however, in the absence of national technical regulations, International Standard or technical regulations applicable in the country of supply is applied. PVoC programme is independent of and additional to any existing import processes such as destination inspection (DI). Goods accompanied by Certificate of Conformity (CoC) will be subjected to surveillance inspection based on the pre-determined surveillance plan. The advantage of PVoC is to minimize the risk of unsafe and substandard goods being exported thus protecting the health, safety and environmental of the importing country and also prevents dumping of substandard products. The main disadvantage of PVoC is that there are costs involving in assessing the conformity of the goods in the exporting country that is borne by the importer and therefore increases the cost of doing business and the prices of the goods. Page 29

49 Supplier Declaration Conformity Assessment Regimes Supplier Declaration Conformity Assessment Regimes relies on the manufacturer or supplier, rather than the regulatory agency, taking on the responsibility for ensuring that products entering the market comply with the relevant technical regulations. Supplier declarations of conformity should not, however, be confused with no conformity assessment at all. A manufacturer or supplier still needs to undertake some form of conformity assessment to show that due diligence has been undertaken prior to placing the goods onto the market. This is a necessary step for manufacturers so that they are in a defensible position should the conformity of their products with the required technical regulations ever be questioned by a regulatory body, during the course of a post-market surveillance exercise, or by the courts in the case of a product liability or negligence action. Supplier declarations provide significant advantages to industry because suppliers are not required to seek approvals from a regulatory agency prior to the placement of goods onto the market. Instead, suppliers can choose from any number of conformity assessment bodies or, in some cases, use their own internal conformity assessment mechanisms to ensure compliance. However, there are instances where a pre-market conformity assessment requirement is necessary to give adequate confidence that the product conforms to the technical regulations, especially for high risk goods such as pharmaceuticals and food among others Choosing an Appropriate Conformity Assessment Regime Member states should be mindful of the risk non-compliance may pose to human health, the safety of animal and plant life, and the environment. Accordingly, the least interventionist conformity assessment regime may not be the most appropriate in all circumstances. As outlined above, there are situations/sectors where the more interventionist conformity assessment regimes, such as inspections, are not only warranted but necessary, e.g. pharmaceuticals, food products among others. In addition to the type of conformity assessment regimes chosen, member states should consider the specifics of any conformity assessment regime. For example, the number of licenses, certifications, approvals, authorities etc should be kept to the minimum necessary to achieve regulatory objectives. The regulatory burden for industry can be reduced if the level of interaction between individuals or companies, and the government, is kept to a minimum. This can be achieved through measures such as one-stop-points, harmonized forms and process design Recognition of Conformity Assessment Activities It is good practice that member states require assurance that products placed on their market comply with the technical regulations they have determined as essential to ensure the health and safety of their citizens. This burden manifests itself most noticeably for manufacturers who are required to have products re-tested or re-certified even though they have already been tested or certified in another partner state or economy. This requirement can Page 30

50 substantially increase costs for manufactures to enter the market and increases the cost of doing business and makes the products uncompetitive. Costs to manufacturers and limitations to the importing member economies economic prosperity, can be reduced and/or eliminated if member economies mutually recognize the results of conformity assessment activities undertaken by competent bodies in other member states. Such a move would reduce the amount of re-testing that occurs, and therefore the cost, in addition to reducing the workload for the regulatory agencies. Mechanisms recognizing conformity assessments include accreditation; peer assessment; and government designation and Technical Regulations Frameworks of Some Regional Economic Blocks and Technical Regulations Frameworks in the EAC Box 6: Technical Regulations and Implementation in the EAC Technical regulation is a document which lays down product characteristics or their related processes and production methods, including the applicable administrative provisions, with which compliance is mandatory. It may also include or deal exclusively with terminology, symbols, packaging, marking or labeling requirements as they apply to a product, process or production method (WTO/TBT Agreement). Legislation In the EAC, the EAC SQMT Act (2006) provides the starting point for legislation. East African contain essential quality and compositional requirement, Contaminants, Hygiene, Packaging, Weights and measures, Labelling, Method of sampling and Criteria for conformity. The Act also gives the Council power to amend or revoke regulations. Regulatory Authority The Regulatory Authorities in the EAC are either Government Departments or statutory bodies established specifically for a given function e.g Drug Authority, National Bureau of. In some partner states, the Regulatory Authorities are funded by the state, and in some they are empowered to raise fees through direct charges. Conformity Assessment In the EAC Partner States, conformity assessment for the Mandatory is mostly provided by the National Bodies, although they may accept testing and certification from abroad under certain circumstances. The Bodies are therefore the Regulatory Authority as well as the conformity assessment service provider. In Section 20 of the SQMT Act (2006), each Partner State is obliged to appoint a public regulatory authority to administer compulsory standards and notify the Secretariat and Partner States accordingly. Pursuant to Section 22 of the Act, no person is allowed to manufacture, trade, distribute, sell, supply or bring a product that is within the scope of a compulsory standard into the Community unless the product conforms to the requirements of the compulsory standards. Partner States also apply their national laws in the enforcement of compulsory standards. Persons aggrieved by the decision issued under this section of the law, may within 14 days appeal to the EASC. In terms of Section 21 of the Act, each Partner State is obliged to register technically competent national conformity assessment service providers including inspection agencies, test laboratories and certification organizations to support the implementation of compulsory standards in its territory. It then notifies the Secretariat and Partner States accordingly. The suppliers of products and processes must procure conformity assessment services in compliance with compulsory standards, from the said registered national conformity assessment service providers. Section 24 of the Act, each Partner State must notify the Council of the product certification marks within the jurisdiction of the Partner State including the design of the mark. Partner States are bound to recognize as equal to their own, product certification marks awarded by national quality system institutions of other Partner States. Sanctions The EAC SQMT Act section 25 provides for the offences but doesn t provide for specific Sanctions for the offenders. The sanctions are yet to be harmonized at the EAC level. Page 31

51 and Technical Regulations Framework in the European Union The EU is a unique economic and political partnership between 27 European countries (currently) that together cover much of the European continent. What began as a purely economic union has also evolved into an organization spanning all policy areas, from development aid to environment. A name change from the EEC to the European Union (the EU) in 1993 reflected this change. The EU's single market is the main economic engine, enabling most goods, services, money and people to move freely. The creation of the single market and the corresponding increase in trade and general economic activity transformed the EU into a major trading power. The EU is trying to sustain economic growth by investing in transport, energy and research, while also seeking to minimize the environmental impact of further economic development. Box 7: The and Technical Regulations Implementation in the EU Legislation in the EU There are three basic types of EU legislation: regulations, directives and decisions. A regulation is similar to a national law with the difference that it is applicable in all EU countries. Directives set out general rules to be transferred into national law by each country as they deem appropriate. A decision only deals with a particular issue and specifically mentioned persons or organizations. EU Directives EU directives lay down certain end results that must be achieved in every Member State. National authorities have to adapt their laws to meet these goals, but are free to decide how to do so. Each directive specifies the date by which the national laws must be adapted - giving national authorities the room for manoeuvre within the deadlines necessary to take account of differing national situations. Directives are used to bring different national laws in line with each other, and are particularly common in matters affecting the operation of the single market (e.g. product safety standards). EU Regulations Regulations are the most direct form of EU law - as soon as they are passed, they have binding legal force throughout every Member State, in line with national laws. They are different from directives, which are addressed to national authorities, who must then take action to make them part of national law, and decisions, which apply in specific cases only, involving particular authorities or individuals. Regulations are passed either jointly by the EU Council and European Parliament, or by the Commission alone. The EU initially endeavoured to harmonize the technical regulations on an individual basis. From 1987 onwards, a "New Approach", i.e. Directives containing essential requirements and the Global Approach on the conformity assessment provisions were increasingly implemented. The "Old Approach" was not withdrawn, and predominates in areas such as motor vehicles, food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. In addition, products that do not fall within the scope of European legislation may still be subject to national technical regulations of the various Member states of the European Union. The EU Approach (The New Approach) The "New Approach", defined in a Council Resolution of May 1985, represents an innovative way of technical harmonization. It introduces, among other things, a clear separation of responsibilities between the EC legislator and the European standards bodies CEN, CENELEC and ETSI in the legal framework allowing for the free movement of goods. European Commission directives define the "essential requirements", e.g., protection of health and safety that goods must meet when they are placed on the market. The European standards bodies have the task of drawing up the corresponding technical specifications meeting the essential requirements of the directives, compliance with which will provide a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements. Such specifications are referred to as "harmonized standards". The establishment of an internal market based upon the free movement of goods critically depends upon an adequate level of technical harmonization. Since 1985, the "new approach to harmonization and standardization" has represented a major change in dealing with the drafting of directives which are proposed in application of Article 100A of the Treaty. Such a new approach is based on a few key principles: There is a clear separation between the European Economic Community (EEC) legislation and European standardization; EEC legislative harmonization (e.g. EEC Directives) is limited to the essential requirements (safety requirements of general interest) needed to ensure the free movement of products throughout the Community; Page 32

52 The task of drawing up the corresponding technical specifications is entrusted to the standardization bodies; Products manufactured in conformity with harmonized standards are presumed to be conformant to the essential requirements; are not mandatory, they remain voluntary. Alternate paths are possible but the producer has an obligation to prove his products are conformant to the essential requirements; must offer a guarantee of quality with regard to the essential requirements of the directives; Public authorities are still responsible for the protection requirements on their territory (e.g. market surveillance); Safety clauses require the Member States to take all appropriate measures to withdraw unsafe products from the market. In comparison with the former directives, some improvements have to be noted since the new approach: Deals with large families of products (e.g. machinery, toys, etc.); Covers horizontal risks and not specific products; Establishes a close co-operation between public authorities and market operators; Is based on total harmonization (replacing diverging national legislation) as compared to optional harmonization (dual regime). A summary of the key features of the "New Approach" would not be complete without mentioning the degree of flexibility which is allowed in most of the directives. The flexibility of the "New Approach" is linked to the following features: It indicates what has to be achieved but not the details of the corresponding technical solutions. It presents different options for conformity assessment. It does not necessitate regular adaptation to technical progress. The "New Approach" directives are supported by "harmonized standards" which play a significant role in ensuring their application. Such standards have first the characteristics inherent to European standards: The standards (typically EN, ETSs) are drafted by one of three European Organizations (CEN, CENELEC, ETSI); The work is based on consensus; are adopted after a public inquiry with the national votes based on corresponding weighting features; remain voluntary but their transposition into national standards and the withdrawal of diverging national standards is mandatory according to the internal rules of the European Organizations. Within the context of the "New Approach" additional conditions are superposed to the European standards to cover the specific role of harmonized standards: The Commission issues a standardization mandate according to the procedure of Directive 98/34/EC (consolidating Directive 83/189/EEC); The standards are developed in taking due account of the essential requirements; The reference of the standard is published in the Official Journal with the indication of the Directive for which the presumption of conformity should apply. Box 8: Conformity Assessment in the EU In the EU Conformity assessment is based on the intervention of either the first party (i.e. the manufacturer) or a third party (Notified Body). The conformity assessment requirements are subdivided into eight Modules, numbered A to H. The Modules relate to the design or the production phase or both depending on the risk and consequential damages should a product fail. Each Directive describes the range and content of possible Modules that are applicable. Modules D, E and H require that the manufacturer must have a quality assurance system in place. In this case, compliance with ISO 9001 confers presumption of conformity with the requirements of the Directives. The manufacturer is obliged in all cases to draw up a technical file that is intended to provide design, manufacture and operational information regarding each product. In addition an EC Declaration of Conformity is required. This is drawn up by the manufacturer if resident in the EU, or by the resident Authorized Representative of a manufacturer outside of the EU. The EC Declaration of Conformity is a formal statement that the product meets all the essential requirement of the Directive. The EC Declaration of Conformity has to be kept for at least 10 years after manufacture should the authorities wish to scrutinize it. Page 33

53 Notified Bodies (EU) A Notified Body is a conformity assessment service provider that has demonstrated its technical competency, capability of carrying out the conformity assessment procedures in question, and that can demonstrate its independence, impartiality and integrity all to the satisfaction of the Member State in which it is resident. This Member State takes the final responsibility for the service providers it notifies to the EC authorities in Brussels. The list of Notified Bodies can be obtained from the official website of the EU: Notified Bodies carry out tasks pertaining to the conformity assessment requirements detailed in the Directive. The CE Mark The free movement of goods is the cornerstone of a free trade area. The mechanisms that have been implemented in the EU to ensure free movement of goods include the prevention of barriers to trade, harmonization of technical requirements and mutual recognition of conformity assessment outputs. In the New Approach, harmonization is limited to essential requirements, and only products that meet the essential requirements may be placed on the market. Compliance with harmonized standards (EN ) provides a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements. These EN, identified on the Official Journal of the EU, are considered to be voluntary in nature and manufacturers are free to choose other technical solutions if they so wish to meet the essential requirements. Using the EN is however considered the most pragmatic approach. The Use of the CE Mark The CE Mark symbolizes the conformity of the product with the applicable European Union requirements as detailed in the relevant Directive. The manufacturer (or authorized representative) affixes the CE Mark visibly, legibly and indelibly on the product as a sign to the authorities that the manufacturer assumes full responsibility for the integrity of the product, i.e. that the product conforms to all the applicable provisions and that all the conformity assessment requirements have been fulfilled. The CE Mark is therefore a regulatory mark and not a quality mark as many would believe. In the European Union it would be an offence if the CE Mark is affixed to products that do not meet all the relevant requirements and heavy penalties are the result of misdemeanors. Essential Requirements Essential requirements are mandatory requirements that products must meet to be placed on the market in order to protect the public interest. These requirements define the results to be attained, or the risks to be dealt with, but do not specify the technical solutions for doing so; suppliers are free to choose how the requirements are to be met. Essential requirements are therefore written in such a way that they remain valid over time, and do not become obsolete with technical progress. Assessment of whether requirements have been met should be based on the state of technical know-how at a given moment. This does not mean that essential requirements are vague. They have to be drafted in such a way as to give sufficient information to enable assessment of whether products meet them. Page 34

54 Compliance with essential requirements can be achieved through construction of products according to the harmonized standards, if such standards are available and are covering all essential requirements of the products. Harmonized According to the European Commission, a harmonized standard issued within the context of the New Approach is a standard for which the European Commission (and/or EFTA) has issued a standardization mandate to CEN, CENELEC or ETSI, and for which a reference has been published in the Official Journal of the EU. Harmonized standards provide a method for a product to comply with the relative Directive s essential requirements, and therefore provide a path for CE marking. Declaration of Conformity The declaration of conformity is a procedure, in which the manufacturer or his authorized representative established in the Community declares that the product placed on the market complies with all the relevant safety requirements of the appropriated directive. It is a form that is to be provided with every product and must be completed in the user s language. The Declaration must include: the manufacturer s details (name and address etc); the essential characteristics that the product complies with; any European standards and performance data; if relevant the identification number of the Notified Body; and a legally binding signature on behalf of the organization. The EC declaration of conformity must be kept for at least 10 years from the last date of manufacture of the product, unless the directive expressly provides for any other duration. This is the responsibility of the manufacturer or the authorized representative established within the Community. The EC declaration of conformity and other technical documentation are intended to provide the surveillance authorities with necessary information about the product. Market surveillance Market surveillance is an essential tool for the enforcement of New Approach directives. The purpose of market surveillance is to ensure that the provisions of applicable directives are complied with across the EU. Citizens are entitled to an equivalent level of protection throughout the single market, regardless of the origin of the product. Market surveillance is important for economic operators, because it aims at eliminating unfair competition. Member States must nominate or establish public authorities to be responsible for market surveillance. The nominated authorities need to have the necessary resources and powers for their surveillance activities, ensure technical competence and professional integrity of their personnel, and act in an independent and non-discriminatory way respecting the principle of proportionality. Although market surveillance operations cannot take place during the design and production stages, efficient enforcement usually requires that market surveillance authorities act in collaboration with manufacturers and suppliers in order to prevent the placing on the market of noncompliant products. Market surveillance authorities control the market by regularly visiting commercial, industrial and storage premises in an annual program of random and spot checks to examine products and take samples of suspect products for additional testing. They have the legal powers to get all necessary information. Information Exchange Systems The rapid information exchange system RAPEX has been set up by the EU Commission on general product safety to handle emergency situations caused by consumer products that present a serious and immediate danger. It is designed to handle urgent situations caused by new, used or repaired products that present a serious and immediate risk to the health and safety of consumers. Its essential aim is to provide information in order to allow market surveillance authorities of all Member States to take immediate and appropriate action when a serious risk arising from a product has been detected and Technical Regulations Framework in the SADC The Southern African Development Community (SADC) was established as a Development Coordinating Conference (SADCC) in 1980 and transformed into a development community in It is an inter-governmental organization whose goal is to promote sustainable and equitable economic growth and socio-economic development through efficient productive systems, deeper co-operation and integration, good governance and durable peace and security among fifteen Southern African Member States. SADC encourages the following strategies as a way to foster trade throughout Southern Africa: Gradual elimination of tariffs; Adoption of common rules of origin; Page 35

55 Harmonization of customs rules and procedures; Attainment of internationally acceptable standards, quality, accreditation, and metrology; Harmonization of sanitary and phyto-sanitary measures; Elimination of non-tariff barriers (i.e., any barrier to trade other than import and export duties); and Liberalization of trade in services. Box 9: Standardization, Quality Assurance, Accreditation and Metrology (SQAM) in SADC 1. SADC SQAM Programme A formal framework, referred to as the SADC SQAM Programme, in which the cooperation amongst the national institutions in Standardization, Quality Assurance, Accreditation and Metrology (SQAM) has been established in SADC. Member States have been building up their national SQAM infrastructures for trade development and consumer protection. A Regional Accreditation Body has been established as a subsidiary organization of SADC. The SQAM Programme is responsible for: Facilitating trade through harmonization of standards based on international standards; Ensuring that the region s approach to dealing with sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and technical barrier to trade (TBT) issues is aligned with WTO norms and does not result in the creation of non-tariff barriers (NTBs); Facilitating industry competitiveness through ensuring the use of relevant standards and the production of quality goods in the region; and Ensuring the protection of consumers through use of regulations based on international best practices for quality, safety and conformity assessment. 2. SADC SQAM Cooperation Structures To further the objectives of the SADC Protocol on Trade, the progressive elimination of technical barriers to trade amongst the Member States and between SADC and other Regional and International Trading Blocks and the promotion of quality and of an infrastructure for quality in the Member States, a formal framework, in which the cooperation amongst regulators, stakeholders and the national institutions in SQAM can take place, was established and the following SADC SQAM Structures that report directly to SADC Committee of Ministers of Trade (CMT) in relation to the functions provided for in the Annex: i. SADC Technical Regulation Liaison Committee (SADCTRLC) This committee s objective is to promote and facilitate implementation of the SADC Technical Regulation Framework. The SADCTRLC consists of representatives of government departments of the Member States that have been given overall responsibility for compliance with the WTO TBT Agreement and obligations set forth in the SADC Protocol TBT Annex. ii. iii. iv. SADC Technical Barriers to Trade Stakeholders Committee (SADCTBTSC) This committee s objective is to facilitate stakeholder s participation in SADC TBT matters in both the voluntary and regulatory domain. Members of the committee are national delegations and regulators with an interest in matters contemplated in the SADC Protocol TBT Annex. SADC Cooperation in Accreditation (SADCA) This committee s objective is to facilitate the creation of a regional accreditation system which shall provide Member States with accreditation as a tool for the removal of technical barriers to trade in both the voluntary and regulatory areas. SADCA Members are government recognized accreditation bodies in Member States or any other institution nominated by the Minister responsible for industry and trade. SADC Cooperation in Legal Metrology (SADCMEL) The SADC Cooperation in Legal Metrology (SADCMEL) s objective is to facilitate the harmonization of the national Legal Metrology regulations of the Member States and between SADC and other regional and international trading blocks. Members of SADCMEL are the Legal Metrology services / institutions of Member States; or where such a service / institution has not been established in a Member State, any other service / institution designated by its Minister responsible for industry and trade. v. SADC Cooperation in Measurement Traceability (SADCMET) The SADC Cooperation in Measurement Traceability (SADCMET) s objective is to coordinate metrology activities and services in the Region, in order to provide regional calibration and testing services, including regulatory agencies, with readily available traceability to the SI units of Page 36

56 vi. vii. Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study measurement, through legally defined and regionally and internationally recognized national measurement standards. Members of SADCMET are National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) of Member States. Where such an institute has not been established by a Member State, any other institution holding custody of the top-level measurement standards in that Member State or any other institution as designated by its Minister responsible for industry and trade. SADC Cooperation in Standardization (SADCSTAN) The SADC Cooperation in Standardization (SADCSTAN) s objective is to promote the coordination of standardization activities and services in the Region, with the purpose of achieving harmonization of standardization in support of the objectives of the SADC Protocol on Trade. Members of SADCSTAN are the National Bodies of Member States; or where a National Body has not been established in a Member State, any other institution designated by its Minister responsible for industry and trade. SADC SQAM Expert Group (SQAMEG) The SADC SQAM Expert Group (SQAMEG) is there to support the SADC Secretariat in an advisory capacity in dealing with SQAM matters not covered by the other SQAM Cooperation Structures, and/or those of an overlapping nature in both the voluntary and regulatory domain. The members of SQAMEG shall be the Chairpersons and Regional Coordinators of the other SQAM Cooperation Structures with the SADC Secretariat providing the Secretariat for the expert group. 3. SADC Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Coordination Structure The SPS Annex to the SADC Protocol on Trade provides a framework for cooperation in animal and plant health issues as well as food safety standards. The following are the SADC SPS Structures as defined by the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Annex to the SADC Protocol on Trade, approved by the SADC Committee of Ministers of Trade on 12 July 2008, Lusaka, Zambia: i. National Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Each Member State is required to establish a National Committee on SPS measures and appoint a representative on the SADC SPS Coordinating Committee. ii. SADC SPS Coordinating Committee (SADC SPSCC) A SADC SPSCC was established in July Members of this committee are representatives from the National Committee on SPS for each Member State. The objective of the SPSCC is to promote transparency in the area of sanitary and phytosanitary measures. Box 10: The and Technical Regulations Implementation in SADC TECHNICAL REGULATION FRAMEWORK This is provided for in Article 6 of TBT Annex to the SADC Protocol on Trade which states that: 1. The objective of the Framework shall be the identification, prevention and elimination of unnecessary TBTs amongst the Member States and between SADC and other Regional and International Trading Blocks through harmonized standards, technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures in order to facilitate and increase trade in goods and services. This includes: a) The use of consultation, participation and exchange of information processes when technical regulations are developed, amended and implemented; b) The appropriate use of common performance based standards based on international standards rather than prescriptive standards as a basis for technical regulations; c) The withdrawal of a conflicting national standard once the text of a regional standard has been developed and approved in accordance with the agreed SADCSTAN procedures; d) The relevant use of impact and risk assessment to inform technical regulatory decisions; e) The use of appropriate international measures to promote acceptance of conformity assessment results among Member States; f) The review, update and modification of technical regulations to meet changing needs; and g) The co-ordination amongst various institutions that are part of the technical regulation framework. 2. Member States recognize that the purpose of harmonization or making compatible is not to establish identical technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures for the protection of human, animal or plant life and health, safety, prevention of deceptive practices and protection of the environment, but to facilitate and increase trade in goods and services. 3. Before Member States develop, adopt and implement technical regulations, governments shall ensure that the intervention is based on objective evidence that action is justified given the: Page 37

57 nature of the problem, absence of suitable alternatives for addressing the problem, likely socio-economic benefits to society as a whole, costs of proposed actions, and risks associated with proposed actions. 4. Member States shall make this evidence available on request in order to enhance the transparency of the whole process and to foster increased compliance with the objectives of the SADC Protocol on Trade. TECHNICAL REGULATION LEGISLATIVE INSTRUMENTS This provision is in Article 7 of TBT Annex to the SADC Protocol on Trade which states that: 1. Member States shall ensure that the technical regulation is promulgated through a legislative instrument that describes the range of products covered, and / or the legitimate objective it intends to fulfill. 2. Member States shall ensure that their technical regulations indicate: a) Requirements that are necessary to achieve the objectives of the technical regulation but do not specify or predict the technical solutions for doing so. The wording for these necessary requirements shall be precise enough to create legally binding obligations that can be enforced, facilitate the development and/or reference of the appropriate standards, and enable the assessment of conformity of products; b) Technical requirements based on national, regional or international standards or parts thereof either by direct reference to the standards or parts thereof, or by indirect reference to the standards with the standards published as a separate official list; and c) The relevant conformity assessment provisions, which are the relevant combination of inspection, testing and certification appropriate to the risk and consequential damages of failure. 3. Member States shall ensure that the legislative instrument: a) Makes it clear that products that comply with the referenced standard are deemed to conform to the requirements of the legislation. Should the supplier choose to use an unreferenced but similar standard or part thereof, the proof that the unreferenced standard also provides evidence of conformance with the requirements remains the responsibility of the supplier; b) Makes it clear that before placing a commodity on the market or into service the supplier must have the commodity subjected to the conformity assessment provisions as detailed in the legislative instrument; c) Identifies and empowers the regulatory agency to administer the technical regulation; d) Identifies appropriate sanctions for non-compliance with the technical regulations; and e) Makes it clear that the supplier ultimately remains responsible for the conformity of the product even though the regulatory agency may have approved the product and/or third party conformity assessments may have been conducted. PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF STANDARDS This is provided for in Article 8 of TBT Annex to the SADC Protocol on Trade which states that: 1. Member States shall ensure that national standards are based to the greatest extent possible on the relevant international or regional standards, and that national deviations are the result of demonstrable and scientifically proven national specificities. 2. Member States shall ensure that National Bodies (and any other national institutions developing standards) meet the relevant provisions of the WTO TBT Agreement, and in particular develop and publish national standards in accordance with Annex III: Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption and Application of of the WTO TBT Agreement. 3. Member states shall ensure that once a SADC harmonized text for a standard has been developed and approved in accordance with the agreed SADCSTAN procedures, this text is adopted as a national standard and that any conflicting national standards are withdrawn REGULATORY AGENCIES The regulatory agencies are provided for in Article 9 of TBT Annex to the SADC Protocol on Trade which states that: 1. In implementing technical regulations Member States shall ensure that the responsible regulatory agency or relevant government department: a) Require regulatory approval of products before they are brought into circulation only where it is necessary, e.g. the risk of non-conformance is high and detrimental for the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, safety, the protection of the environment or the prevention of deceptive practices; b) Conducts the relevant market surveillance to establish whether products falling within the scope of technical regulations do indeed meet the necessary requirements once they are in the market place; and c) Applies appropriate sanctions to ensure that suppliers not meeting the provisions of the technical regulations are discouraged from contravening the technical regulation provisions and in so doing endanger the protection of human, Page 38

58 animal or plant life or health, safety, the protection of the environment or the prevention of deceptive practices. 2. Member States shall ensure that responsible government departments and/or their regulatory agencies meet the obligations on advance notification through the National Notification Authorities in respect of the WTO TBT Agreement obligations on technical regulations that are to be implemented for their area of responsibility. 3. Member States shall ensure that the responsible government department and/or their regulatory agency shall avail in a transparent manner all the information regarding the administrative and conformity assessment provisions of the technical regulations under their jurisdiction. CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT Conformity assessment is provided for in Article 10 of TBT Annex to the SADC Protocol on Trade which states that: 1. Where a positive assurance of conformity with a technical regulation is required, Member States, shall wherever practicable: a) Follow international best practices for conformity assessment, b) Allow for public and private sector conformity assessment service providers to provide the supplier a choice thereby ensuring that the services are provided in the most cost effective way, c) Make use of international conformity assessment schemes, where they exist, and thereby avoid duplication of conformity assessment. 2. Member States shall ensure that conformity assessment service providers are a) Technically competent as attested to by an appropriate scope of accreditation, b) Compliant with additional transparent requirements of relevant departments or their regulatory authorities and c) Legally liable in the Member State where they provide conformity assessment services, where legal recourse is necessary should the conformity assessment service providers fail in their duties. 3. An Accreditation Body or Bodies, which is / are part of an international mutual recognition mechanism as managed by ILAC, IAF and others as relevant, shall be recognized by the Member State. SANCTIONS Sanctions are provided for in Article 11 of TBT Annex to the SADC Protocol on Trade which states that: 1. Member States shall ensure that the appropriate measures are in place to compel suppliers to meet their obligations in terms of the technical regulations. These measures should include administrative and legal sanctions as relevant: a) Administrative sanctions whereby suppliers are required to rectify the problem identified in the market place without further penalties. Administrative sanctions could include recall of the non-complying commodities from the market place to effect repairs and replacements, recall of the non-complying commodities from the market to be destroyed, and/or advertising campaigns to warn and inform the public about the problem. b) Legal sanctions that are implemented through the judicial system should the supplier fail to respond positively on administrative sanctions. IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE AT NATIONAL LEVEL This is provided for in Article 12 of TBT Annex to the SADC Protocol on Trade which states that: 1. Every Member State is responsible for the observance of all the obligations set forth in this Annex. Member States shall formulate and take all reasonable measures as may be available to them to enforce positive measures and mechanisms in support of the observance of the provisions of this Annex. 2. Each Member State shall establish within 1 (one) year of adoption of this Annex, a function within government which will oversee the implementation of this Annex at national level for all future technical regulation work. 3. Member States shall implement a programme to update their existing technical regulations developed before this Annex came into force. Such a programme could include: a) Identifying all such existing technical regulations; b) Deciding whether these technical regulations are still required and, if not, having them removed; c) Deciding whether these technical regulations meet the requirements of this Annex and current technical developments, and if not having them revised; and d) Re-affirming and publishing technical regulations so reviewed and/or revised. 4. Member States shall repeal any technical regulations not re-affirmed within a given period of time and Technical Regulations Framework in the COMESA The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) current strategy can be summed up in the phrase 'economic prosperity through regional integration'. With its 19 member states, population of over 389 million and annual import bill of around US$32 billion with an export bill of US$82 billion, COMESA forms a major market place for both internal and external trading. The details are shown in Table 4. Page 39

59 Table 4: Intra-COMESA Trade, 2011, Values in US$ millions and % Shares Intra-COMESA Trade, 2011, Values in US$ millions and % Shares No Exporter Value % Share Importer Value % Share 1 Kenya 2, Zambia 1, Egypt 1, Libya 1, Zambia 1, Egypt Congo DR 1, Congo DR Djibouti 1, Sudan Uganda Uganda Sudan Kenya Libya Zimbabwe Ethiopia Rwanda Malawi Ethiopia Mauritius Malawi Rwanda Madagascar Zimbabwe Burundi Swaziland Eritrea Madagascar Mauritius Burundi Djibouti Comoros Seychelles Seychelles Comoros Eritrea Swaziland Total: 9, ,885.7 Page 40

60 Box 11: COMESA and Technical Regulations The COMESA programme relating to Standardisation, Accreditation, Metrology and Conformity Assessment was established as part of COMESA's agenda to move towards higher integration in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa. The programme started in 1989 with the establishment of the Sub-Committee on Standardisation and Quality Control (SQC). In 1994, the COMESA Treaty made a provision for cooperation in Standardization and Quality Assurance under Chapter 15 of the Treaty- Standardisation and Quality Assurance. Under this Chapter, Member States, recognized the importance of standardisation and quality assurance in the promotion of health, the enhancement of the standard of living, the rationalisation and reduction of unnecessary variety of products, the facilitation of inter-changeability of products, the promotion of trade, consumer protection, the creation of savings in government purchasing, improved productivity, the facilitation of information exchange as well as in the protection of life, property, and the environment. Member States thus agreed to evolve and apply a common policy with regard to the standardisation and quality assurance of goods produced and traded within the Common Market. They also agreed to establish institutions in their member States and enhance their capacities to enable them carry out their mandates. In addition, member states agreed to promote and enforce standards relating to public health and safety as well and the protection of the environment as well as develop cooperation with other organizations relating to standardization and related activities within and outside Africa. In order to implement the provisions of Chapter 15 of the Treaty the member States through the Council of Ministers, in May 2002, established a Committee on Standardization and Quality Assurance to steer its implementation. This was followed by the establishment in 2003, of the Sub-Committee on Harmonization, which was given the responsibility of harmonising standards in the region. The Sub-Committee working with the Secretariat has to-date agreed on some 300 harmonised standards most of which are based on International. In order to develop further the programme on Standardization, Accreditation, Metrology and Conformity Assessment, the Committee on Standardization and Quality Assurance, in 2007, recommended to the Council of Ministers, the establishment of a Sub-Committee on Accreditation, a Sub-Committee on Metrology (to deal with Industrial and Scientific Metrology), a Sub- Committee on Legal Metrology (to deal with Measurement standards designed for commerce), a Sub-Committee on testing and Quality Assurance (to deal with conformity assessment activities such as Testing, Certification, Inspection and others). COMESA has also proposed a Regional Policy on Standardization, Accreditation, Metrology and Conformity Assessment (SAMCA) which will guide member States in the implementation of the various activities. In order to enhance the mutual acceptability of products in the Region COMESA developed modalities for achieving Mutual Recognition in areas of Accreditation, Metrology and Conformity Assessments as well as a Mechanism for implementation of and a Technical regulatory Framework for implementation of Technical regulations. Page 41

61 3. METHODOLOGY AND LIMITATIONS The Consultant reviewed the existing EAC Partner State s standards and technical regulations as well as other relevant available documents. The consultant further reviewed the work done by the East African Committee (EASC) in the development, harmonization and revision of East African standards. Consultations were also made through field visits to both public and private sectors stakeholders in all the EAC Partner States. 3.1 Sources of Data and Information Both primary and secondary data and information sources were used in the study Secondary Data The Consultant reviewed the existing EAC Partner States standards and technical regulations as well as other relevant available documents and publications. Specifically, a review of the national and the EAC regional economic data on each partner states national and international trade were undertaken to determine the major economic priority sectors, and trade statistics. Review of standards and technical regulations information available in the EAC and other regional economic blocs such as EU, SADC, EurAsEC and COMESA among others were undertaken for benchmarking best practices relevant to the study Primary Data The primary data were collected through field visits in each Partner State, where questionnaires for data collection were administered. Consultations, interviews, and discussions with informants in key public and private sector stakeholder institutions were also undertaken during the field visits for data collection. 3.2 Criteria for Selecting Most Traded Products Most Intra-EAC Traded Products for the Last Five Years The criteria used to identify the most intra - EAC traded products in each partner state was their respective contributions to export earnings. Based on this criterion, products were ranked and selected for each partner state, as the most intra-eac traded products Most Exported Products to the Rest of the World by Each Partner State The criteria used to identify the most exported products by each partner state to the rest of the world included identifying the exported products and their respective total CIF value or export earnings, as the most exported products from the partner state to the rest of the world Most Imported Products from the Rest of the World by Each Partner State The criteria used to identify the most imported products into the EAC region included identifying the imported products and their respective total cost, insurance and freight (total CIF value) in each partner state. Based on this criterion, products were ranked according to the total CIF value. Page 42

62 3.2.4 Priority Sectors (Current and Prospective) for Intra-EAC Trade for Each Partner State The criteria included: i. Political priority sector and products as mentioned in speeches or government strategic plans, such as the Nation Visions, Developments plans and Budgets; ii. Sectors and/or products where the partner state had a comparative advantage and are the most traded; iii. The EAC Development Strategy; and the EAC Industrialization Strategy; 3.3 Data Collection and Analysis and Report. Data was collected, analyzed and used to generate this report. 3.4 Limitations This study generated important findings on the EA standards and technical regulations however, there were limitations which included: a) The data on the quantity of the traded products: The EAC trade statistics does not capture the quantity of the traded products and therefore, the statistical data reviewed were all value based. The EAC does not have a regional integrated system for trade data. Therefore, trade data could only be obtained from the respective revenue authorities in the EAC Partner States. Efforts were made to get quantities /volumes of the traded products during the study field visits to all the Partner States but could not be got due to bureaucratic procedures and time constraint. b) The use of secondary data: The limitations included availability, reliability, accuracy and adequacy of the secondary data collected. The reliability and accuracy were addressed by extracting the data from credible and authentic publications issued by outstanding organizations and government ministries. The availability of data on the quantity of the traded products remained a serious limitation to the study. c) Techniques and Time-frame: an average of about three days per partner state for the consultative field visits were not enough to collect all the data from the EAC. This inadequate time was exacerbated by the bureaucratic systems in some institutions visited. d) Informal Trade Statistics: A lot of informal trade takes place across the boarders both intra-eac and extra-eac. However, data and information on the informal trade was very scanty. Therefore the trade statistics given do not include informal trade. e) HS Coding System: the traded products were as captured in the customs harmonization system of classification of products. Page 43

63 4. FINDINGS Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study The findings of the study based on the terms of reference are discussed in this chapter of the report. 4.1 The EAC Most Traded Goods The intra-eac trade almost doubled from about US$ 2.3 billion in the year 2005 to about US $4.5 billion in the year Kenya dominates the EAC regional trade accounting for about 40% of the total intra-eac Trade and about 57% of the total intra-eac exports while Uganda is the lead importer accounting for about 37% of the intra-eac Imports. The graph below shows the trends in the intra-eac trade. Figure 2: The Intra - EAC Imports and Exports in US$ Millions (Years 2000 to 2010) Sources: Trade statistics from EAC website In spite of the growth of trade between EAC member countries, the level of intra-eac trade is still very low compared with other regional blocks. The intra-eac exports accounted for about 20% while intra-eac imports accounted for only about 6% of the total imports. Most of the imports into the EAC are from the rest world (50%). The figure below shows the share of exports and imports of the EAC and other trade blocks. Figure 3: Trade Flows 2010 Source: EAC Trade Report 2012 Page 44

64 The Intra-EAC trade share in 2010 stood at only 13 per cent of total trade with the external world. This indicates the need to address the constraints that hinder the growth of enormous trade opportunities within the region. The difference in technical regulations and standards amongst the Partner States is one of the constraints to the intra-eac trade Intra-EAC Most Traded Products The study findings indicate that there has been a general increase in the intra-eac trade over the years. The Intra-EAC trade total increased by about 8% to US$ billion in 2010 compared to US$ billion in The most traded products include agricultural products and manufactured products. The study shows that there are over 90 most traded products within the EAC by the Partner States. The table 5 shows the 20 most traded products in the EAC by the Partner States. The details of other intra-eac traded products are shown in Annex 1and Tables 1.1 to Table 5: The 20 Most Intra-EAC Traded Products S/N Product Value ($), millions 1. Tea Cement Iron, steel and its products Petroleum oils and related products Edible fats and oils Tobacco and tobacco products Soap and detergents Paper and paperboards Containers, bottles, flasks, ampoules, caps, capsules stoppers and lids Medicaments Beer and other fermented products Edible salt Sugar confectionery Furnishing articles Motor vehicles Tin ores and concentrates Electrical transformers, static converters and inductors Fish Electrical energy Coffee Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Page 45

65 4.1.2 Extra-EAC Most Traded Products The total Extra-EAC trade increased by about 17% to US$ billion in 2010 compared to US$ billion in Most Exported Products by the EAC Partner States to the Rest of the World The findings indicate that over 60 products are exported by the EAC Partner States to the rest of the world. The 20 most exported products to the rest of the world are shown in the table 6 below. Details of other exported products are shown in Annex 2 and Tables 2.1 to 2.5. Table 6: The 20 Most Exported Products by EAC to the Rest of the World S/N Product Value ($), millions 1. Tea 4, Gold 4, Horticultural products 3, Coffee 2, Precious metal ores and concentrates 1, Fish 1, Cement 1, Tobacco and tobacco products 1, Cotton 1, Iron, steel and its products Leguminous vegetables, shelled Edible fats and oils Carbonates; Peroxocarbonates; Commercial Ammonium Carbonate Petroleum oils and related products Other live plants, cuttings and slips, mushroom spawn Coconuts, brazil nuts and cashew nuts, fresh or dried Manganese ores and concentrates Containers, bottles, flasks, ampoules, caps, capsules stoppers and lids Medicaments Sugar confectionery Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website It should be noted that some products are traded both within the EAC and are exported outside the EAC because of the market demands they have the respective market segments. In addition, these products meet the standards requirements of those markets. Such products included tea, coffee, cement, iron and steel products among others Most Imported Products by the EAC Partner States from the Rest of the World The study findings reveal that that over 40 products are imported by the EAC Partner States from the rest of the world. The 20 most imported products by the EAC Partner States from the rest of the world are shown in the table 7. Details of other exported products are shown in Annex 3 and Tables 3.1 to 3.5. Page 46

66 Table 7: The 20 Most Imported Products into the EAC Block S/N Product Value ($), millions 1. Petroleum oils and related products 22, Motor vehicles 11, Iron, steel and its products 3, Edible fats and oils 3, Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy 2, Medicaments 2, Wheat grains and wheat flour 2, Aircraft (eg helicopters, aeroplanes) and spacecraft 1, Polymers of ethylene, in primary forms 1, Cement 1, Automatic data processing machines and magnetic readers 1, Sugar 1, Mineral or chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous 1, Motor vehicles spare parts and accessories Electric generating sets and rotary converters New pneumatic tyres, of rubber Rice Insecticides, rodenticides. and similar products Spark-ignition reciprocating/rotary internal combustion Radio-communication/television transmission apparatus, cameras Source: EAC Trade Reports and EAC website EAC Informal Cross Border Trade Informal Cross Border Trade (ICBT) in the EAC is relatively more discernible when compared to other parts of the continent. Countries such as Uganda and Tanzania are generally recognized as sources of non-processed tradable goods consumed in Kenya and South Sudan. Kenya is a major source of manufactured goods sold informally into the region. With regard to non-processed goods, food items are the most traded to satisfy the huge demand in the horn of Africa and to mitigate ecological variations. All the countries in the region except South Sudan trade in re-exports. Non-processed items generally include food stuff such as beans, maize and rice, but also nonfood stuff such as hides and skins, paintings and handicrafts. Processed goods include industrial products such as sugar, edible oils, clothing, dairy products, packaged beverages, soft drinks and juices. Manufactured and re-export goods comprise low quality processed goods from Asia such as electronic appliances, apparel and shoes. Contraband and counterfeit goods are more difficult to discern but are estimated to include fuels, cosmetics, pharmaceutical drugs, and electronics Products Imported as Raw Materials for Manufacturing The study findings indicate that the EAC Partner States produce various products through manufacturing. In order to produce these manufactured products, the Partner States import raw materials that are used in the manufacturing. Annex 4 shows the imported raw materials into the EAC for manufacturing and the expected products. Page 47

67 4.2 Prospective and Current Priority Sectors for the Intra-EAC Trade Potential and Prospective Priority Sectors The EAC Industrialization Strategy (2012) identifies six strategic regional industries in which the region has potential comparative advantage, namely: Iron-ore and other mineral processing, fertilizers and agrochemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Petro-chemicals and gas processing, Agro-processing, and Energy and Bio-fuels Agro-processing The abundant agricultural resources in the region present a strategic base for socio-economic growth and food security through the promotion of agro-processing industries. Agro-processing industries are the biggest direct employer of all manufacturing industries, and also have a huge indirect employment potential in the services sector through backward and forward linkages. The industry produces mainly basic food and cash crops which are traded. Examples include coffee, cotton, tea, sugar, pyrethrum, vanilla, cloves and other spices, horticultural and floricultural products Chemicals (Fertilizers and Agro-chemicals) Chemicals, both organic and inorganic, and fertilizers are imported into the region in large quantities. Opportunities for producing such chemicals for both domestic and regional markets remain unexploited despite the availability of essential raw materials. Opportunities exist for the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin from ethyl alcohol, formaldehyde from methanol, melanine and urea, mixing and granulating of fertilizers, cuprous oxychloride for coffee bean disease, caustic soda and chlorine-based products, carbon black, activated carbon, precipitated calcium carbonate, textile dyestuff, ink for ballpoints and gelatin capsules, among other things Medicaments The findings from the EAC statistics indicate that the imports of chemicals and pharmaceuticals account for about 5% of total imports in the region. A few pharmaceuticals in the form of tablets, syrups, capsules, liquid mixtures, disposable syringes, surgical gauze, aspirin and paracetamol and injectables are manufactured in the region. Production opportunities exist in the manufacture of drugs for the treatment of various tropical diseases, the provision of modern family-planning services, and the manufacture of medical equipment and sundries (surgical cotton/gauze, sanitary pads, syringes, bandages, infusion syrups, oxygen). The rich biodiversity of the region also provides an opportunity in the processing of herbal medicines. The processing of pyrethrum extracts and the production of vaccines, antibiotics and vitamins also offer opportunities Mineral Processing The EAC Partner States have a broad-based iron and steel products industry with various independent engineering, foundry and metalwork shops. The majority of iron and steel industries depend on erratic steel scrap as their raw material, and yet, potential exists for an integrated iron and steel mill utilizing the existing iron ore and other feedstock in the region. Page 48

68 The EAC also offers tremendous opportunities for value-addition in other minerals and they include: beryllium, bismuth, copper, clay, glass sands, gold, gypsum, lead zinc ores, limestone, lithium, marble, mica, phosphates, silver, uranium, coal, platinum, tin, tungsten, salt, vermiculite, oil, and cobalt Oil and Gas Processing Interest in oil and gas has been growing in the EAC Partner States. Oil and gas exploration has been ongoing and enough oil and gas has been discovered to provide for the entire current consumption of the EAC, with some left over for export to other countries. Exploration of these resources will significantly change the political and economic dynamics of the EAC Energy The EAC has abundant untapped energy resources. They include coal reserves, natural gas (methane gas reserves and even larger deposits of carbon dioxide), and geothermal, solar and hydroelectric energy. Energy production is crucial for industrialization and the growth of agriculture and services, and better exploitation of the existing resources could help save the foreign exchange that goes to pay for the import of petroleum products Current Priority Sectors The study identified the following current priority sectors for Intra-EAC trade for each partner state, shown in Table 8. Table 8: Current Priority Products for Intra EAC Trade COUNTRY Burundi Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda PRIORITY PRODUCTS Tea, hides and skins, fruits and vegetables, tobacco and tobacco products, ferrous waste, coffee, soap and detergents, leguminous vegetables, shelled, tin ore concentrates, cotton Cement, petroleum oils and related products, iron and steel products, edible fats and oils, medicaments, containers, soap and detergents, edible salt, sugar confectionery, beer and other fermented products Tea, Coffee, Tin ore concentrates, Hides and skins, Ferrous waste, Vegetable, Cement, Foot ware, Cosmetics and related products, Automatic data processing machines magnetic readers Tea, furnishing articles, electrical transformers, paper and paperboards, fish, rope, oil seeds, iron and steel products, wood, cement Tea, tobacco and tobacco products, cement, edible fats and oils, electrical energy, maize (corn), soap and detergents, oil seeds, sugar, dried leguminous vegetables. 4.3 Development in the EAC The EAC has developed the basic principles, procedures and mechanisms, by which the East African Committee and the EAC Partner States develop, publish and maintain East African and other deliverables. The table 9 shows the stages of the development process of the EA. Page 49

69 Table 9: Stages of the Development of East African STAGE ASSOCIATED DOCUMENT ABBREVIATION TIME FRAME MAXIMUM TIME ALLOWED FOR EACH STAGE 0. Preliminary stage Preliminary work item PWI Not applicable Not applicable 1. Proposal stage New Work Item Proposal NWIP 2-4 months 2. Preparatory stage Working Draft WD 2 months 3. Committee stage including internal commenting 4. Enquiry stage including preparation 4 Months Committee Draft(s) CD 6 months 9 Months Draft East African Standard for balloting 5. Ballot stage Final Draft East African Standard DEAS 2 months 8 Months FDEAS 1 Month 1 Month 6. Approval and East African Standard EAS Not applicable 2 Month Declaration stage 7. Publication stage East African Standard EAS Not applicable Total 19 Months 24 months The findings indicate that if an International Standard (IS) was adopted, it would be circulated primarily for objection or acceptance at the balloting stage (stage 5). Four (4) months were allowed for national consultations and one month for balloting on the NWIP. The study further found out that developing an EAC standard, as outlined in the current EAC Development Procedures, took a minimum of 19 months. However, this period could be shortened to 6 months if an equivalent standard developed by a recognized body was adopted. If a document with a certain degree of maturity is available at the start of a standardization project, for example a standard developed by another recognized organization; it was possible to omit certain stages in the standardization process. According to ISO, in the so-called "Fast-track procedure", a document was submitted directly for approval as a draft International Standard (DIS) to the ISO member bodies or, if the document was developed by an international standardizing body recognized by the ISO Council, it was submitted as a final draft International Standard (FDIS), without passing through the previous stages. 4.4 of the Most Traded Goods that need to be Prioritized for Development, Harmonization or Revision The study findings indicate that the EAC has developed procedures and guidelines for standards development. According to the EAC guidelines, the East African (EAS) are supposed to be reviewed at regular intervals not exceeding 5 years or whenever need arises. Any review of each EAS may result into an amendment, reconfirmation, revision or withdrawal. The review is conducted by the responsible technical committee (TC). The regular reviews are supposed to be initiated by the TC Secretariat at least not more than four years after declaration. EAC has got 1250 harmonized standards. In addition, the EAC Page 50

70 Secretariat is supposed to list once every year all the EAS that have reached four years after declaration date, and inform the concerned TC of the need for a review of the. The study findings however indicate that there are standards that have taken more than five years without review. In addition the findings reveal that 157 EAS of the most traded products in the EAC need to be reviewed and 63 new EAS need to be developed or harmonized if they already exist in the EAC Partner States. After the review, decisions on whether to amend, reconfirm, revise or withdrawal the standards will be undertaken based on the review findings. The details of the said standards are indicated in Annex Good Practices and Building Blocks for Technical Regulation Framework The study findings further shows that the good practice for the implementation of any technical regulation follows a policy decision on the part of government that there is a legitimate need and reasons to intervene in the market place to ensure the health and safety of the people, plant and animal life; or to protect the environment or to address a market failure. It is further considered good practice to conduct an impact assessment to evaluate the impact the envisaged technical regulations will have on trade, what the costs would be, whether all of society benefits or just a small part, and whether the required result cannot be achieved through less tedious means. The impact assessment should indicate whether a technical regulation is in fact required or not. In addition, there is need for enabling Legislation is necessary to give effect to the intended intervention and deal with the more operational issues. The actual technical regulation has two major components namely: the product or process characteristics, and the administrative procedures. The WTO TBT Agreement requires the product or process characteristics to be based on international standards, and the administrative procedures consist of the conformity assessment requirements, the regulatory authority activities and the sanctions. Conformity assessment provides the regulatory authority with information on which decisions are made regarding the integrity of the products in the market place. The regulatory authority is the agency that will administer the technical regulations at national level, and institute sanctions should it be required. Sanctions are required in the case where suppliers or products fail to meet the requirements of the technical regulations, and have to be suitably dealt with. The way in which the technical regulation building blocks (policy, impact assessment, product characteristics and administrative procedure) are implemented is called a technical regulation framework. The study finding also indicate that probably the best known and elaborate technical regulatory framework could be the New Approach Directives and the Global Approach of the EU that utilise the CE-marking as a regulatory mark to denote compliance of products with the relevant EU technical regulations. The study findings further indicates that Performance-based technical regulations were generally preferred over prescriptive requirements as they provide flexibility while ensuring that the objectives were achieved. Performance-based technical regulations were less trade Page 51

71 restrictive form of regulation and were endorsed by most trade blocks (e.g. SADC, EU) and by members of the WTO, through Article 2 (8) of the WTO TBT Agreement which states: Wherever appropriate Members shall specify technical regulations based on product requirements in terms of performance rather than design or descriptive characteristics. The stages for developing the technical regulations are illustrated in figure 4: Figure 4: Stages in Development of Technical Regulations Identify scope of the problem Assess various regulatory response options Are technical regulations the only viable solution? A clear definition of the problem to be addressed is essential. Problems described in the broad may lead to unnecessarily restrictive regulatory responses. Noting the existing mechanisms available, such as regulatory safety nets assess the relative merits of a range of possible regulatory responses. The regulatory response chosen should be the one with the greatest net benefit and that is not more restrictive than necessary to fulfill the regulatory objective. NO YES Design technical requirements keeping trade restrictive effects to a minimum Design conformity assessment regime keeping regulatory intervention to a minimum Ensure that the conformity assessment regimes do not create any unnecessary obstacles to trade. Where applicable, establish appropriate post-market surveillance regimes Ensure that a monitoring and review mechanism is established. Adopted from: Guide to Good Regulatory Practice Technical regulations should not be prepared, adopted or applied with the effect of creating unnecessary barriers to trade. Member economies should therefore, consider: the use of performance based regulations; the appropriateness of referencing voluntary standards; the use of international standards; and the use of other member economies standards where international standards do not exist or are inappropriate Noting existing mechanisms available such as regulatory safety nets, assess the relative merits of a range of conformity assessment regimes. The conformity assessment regime should be the one: with the least level of interaction between government and business; Which is the least interventionist possible taking into account the risk posed by potential non-compliance. Member economies should give consideration to recognizing the results of conformity assessment activities undertaken by technically competent conformity assessment bodies. Where member economies have chosen low interventionist conformity assessment regimes (eg type approvals and suppliers declaration) post-market surveillance regimes may be necessary to ensure that products comply, or continue to comply, with the relevant technical regulations. The world is a dynamic environment and member economies should have in place formalised mechanisms for review of the chosen regulatory response and conformity assessment regime to ensure that they take into account technological and other changes. Page 52

72 4.6 Examples of Technical Regulations Models The study indicated some existing technical regulations model around the world which included: UNECE International Model The UNECE International Model was a set of principles and procedures that countries would implement to approximate their technical regulations in a single sector; a product area or across the board. At the core of the Model was the concept of Common Regulatory Objectives (CROs) which the countries jointly defined related to public health, safety or protection of the environment, preferably by making recourse to applicable international standards. They also specified how conformity was to be determined and defined other complimenting issues such as compliance clause and market surveillance provisions. These arrangements were then transposed into national technical regulations by participating countries. The products that complied with those regulations could then use a regulatory mark with no further assessment requirements in the importing country. These arrangements in the end were beneficial to all stakeholders: Governments benefited because they could find optimal tools to achieve their regulatory objectives; industries had lower transaction costs and could compete on a fairer basis in larger markets; consumers, workers and the environment were protected more effectively from non-compliant products and the costs of trading economic block members were effectively lowered. In practice, when countries wish to harmonize their technical regulations in a specific sector according to this International Model, they announce their intention through a call for participation and invite all stakeholders. The New Directives and Approach of the EU are a typical example of such a system Southern African Development Community (SADC) In SADC the unnecessary TBTs amongst the Member states were minimised through harmonized standards, technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures in order to facilitate and increase trade in goods and services. This included: The use of common performance based standards based on international standards rather than prescriptive standards as a basis for technical regulations; The withdrawal of conflicting national standards once the text of a regional standard has been developed and approved in accordance with the agreed SADCSTAN procedures; The relevant use of impact and risk assessment to inform technical regulatory decisions; The use of appropriate international measures to promote acceptance of conformity assessment results among Member States; The review, update and modification of technical regulations to meet changing needs; The co-ordination amongst various institutions that are part of the technical regulation framework. Page 53

73 4.6.3 The Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) EurAsEC uses the Common system of: regulation, technical legislation, mandatory requirements, and standards on the basis of international requirements, principles and regulations for information on dangerous products, single mechanism of conformity attestation against mandatory requirements, mark for products circulation in the market. Also common principles and regulations are used for accreditation, liability, market surveillance and control of products from other countries. 4.7 Technical Regulations in the EAC The study findings indicate that the EAC is in the process of establishing EASC-Technical Sub Committee on Technical Regulations and the Ministries responsible for the EAC affairs were to constitute the membership of the Sub-Committee to operationalise it. Under Section 19 of the EAC SQMT Act (2006), gives the Council power to declare an East African Standard or a provision of that standard to be a compulsory standard throughout the Community. This is done to prevent deceptive practices, protect human and animal health, animal or plant life and protect the environment. The findings indicate that the EAC standards are voluntary, however the EAC Partner States have mandatory standards that that suppliers must comply with. Section 28 of the SQMT Act gives the council powers to make, amend and revoke regulations for giving effect to the provisions of the act. The study found that there were three Draft East African Community Regulations on; Designation of Laboratories, Product Certification Schemes in Partner States, and Enforcement of Technical Regulations in Partner States that were in final stages development. The draft technical regulations consider standards declared compulsory by Partner States to be Technical Regulations but does not give reference to East African and yet the main challenge that hampers intra-eac trade are different technical regulations (compulsory standards) in the Partner States The Current Technical Regulatory Arrangements in the EAC and the Partner States The findings further showed that many developing economies, EAC inclusive, either do not have an effective technical regulation framework or where it exists it is fragmented and uncoordinated. Most Ministries, Government Departments and Agencies over the years have developed their own regulatory approach without really considering international best practices. In addition, the regulators face many constraints in developing and especially implementing effective technical regulations that include inadequate competent human resource, financial resources and equipments. The current arrangement in the EAC Partner States is that national standards bodies develop national standards, provide testing and certification services and administer compulsory standards. Similarly, most regulators provide both regulatory and conformity assessment services. Although not strictly required in terms of any international agreements such as the WTO TBT Agreement, such constructs are not considered to be a good practice because it results into a conflict of interest and an unnecessary impediment to trade. In addition, the way in which technical regulations are developed and implemented amongst the various Page 54

74 responsible regulatory authorities, differs appreciably from authority to authority and some of them do not comply with the requirements of the WTO TBT Agreement or the SQMT Act. The emerging necessity is to separate the administration of regulatory functions from the standardization and the conformity assessment services; and to establish a National Technical Regulatory Office (NTRO) to undertake the implementation of the technical regulatory framework to deal with: Coordination of various regulatory authorities and facilitating cooperation among them; The process of development, approval and implementation of technical regulations; Regulatory impact assessments before technical regulations can be adopted; The Initiation to make use of standards in technical regulations and in the National Quality Infrastructure (NQI) National Technical Regulations Existing In Each Partner State declared compulsory by the Partner States after fulfillment of the provisions of section 23 of the EAC SQMT Act (2006) are considered to be Technical Regulations. In Section 23 of the Act, a partner State that intends to develop and implement a national technical regulation relating to a product that does not fall within the scope of EAC compulsory standard shall notify the Secretariat and other Partner States of the national technical regulation at least 60 (sixty) days before they come into force. As much as possible, national technical regulations should be modeled on East African standards. No person is allowed to manufacture, trade, distribute, sell, supply or bring a product that is within the scope of a compulsory standard into the EAC unless the product conforms to the requirements of the compulsory standards. In the EAC Partner States a system of Mandatory is implemented in addition to the technical regulations implemented in terms of the provisions of the various Acts of the Partner States. Once a voluntary national standard has been developed, recommendations can be made to the Minister or Ministry responsible for trade and industry to have the standard declared mandatory. The National Bodies in each Partner State function as the regulatory authority to ensure that the Mandatory are properly observed in the market place. Other regulatory agencies also administer their respective technical regulations within their mandate. The list of products that fall within the scope of these Mandatory varies between the Partner States, and therefore this may impede on trade in the region. Mandatory in the Partner States are similar in concept, but the implementation varies. In most cases, the Partner States require products falling within the scope of Mandatory to be marked with the Product Certification Mark of the National Body if they are manufactured in the exporting EAC Partner State. In the case of imported products, most Partner States operate Import Inspection schemes with differing requirements and these include Pre export verification of conformity (PVoC), Inspection at entry points of the importing country, Destination inspection (DI) among others. The National Bodies are the custodians of the standards that have been declared mandatory and their conformity assessment requirements. Page 55

75 The study findings indicated that there were national mandatory standards in Uganda, Rwanda and Tanzania. In Kenya and Burundi, the standards were voluntary, however to access the markets the products had to comply with the standards The Objectives of the Technical Regulations in the EAC The objectives of the technical regulations are to prevent deceptive practices, ensure safety and protection of human health, the animal and plant life, and the environment. However, if the standards are not harmonized they impede trade. This may be as a result of difference in technical specifications and conformity assessment procedures in the EAC partner states. Protection of human safety or health The largest number of technical regulations and standards are adopted with the aim of protecting human safety or health. Examples of regulations under this category include: regulations that require that motor vehicles be equipped with seat belts to minimise injury in the event of road accidents; regulations that sockets be manufactured in a way to protect users from electric shocks; regulations of labelling of cigarettes to indicate that they are harmful to health. Protection of animal and plant life or health Regulations that protect animal and plant life or health are very common. They include regulations intended to ensure that animal or plant species endangered by water, air and soil pollution do not become extinct. Some countries, for example require that endangered species of fish reach a certain length before they can be caught. Protection of the environment Increased environmental concerns among consumers, due to rising levels of air, water and soil pollution, have led many governments to adopt regulations aimed at protecting the environment. Regulations of this type cover for example, the re-cycling of paper and plastic products, and levels of motor vehicle emissions. Prevention of deceptive practices Most of these regulations aim to protect consumers through information, mainly in the form of labelling requirements. Other regulations include classification and definition, packaging requirements, and measurements (size, weight etc.), so as to avoid deceptive practices. Other objectives of regulations Other objectives of regulations are quality, technical harmonization, or simply trade facilitation. Quality regulations e.g. those requiring that vegetables and fruits reach a certain size to be marketable are very common in certain developed countries. Regulations aimed at harmonizing certain sectors, for example that of telecommunications and terminal equipment, are widespread in economically integrated areas. The table10 shows the summary of the mandatory standards existing in each EAC Partner State. Page 56

76 Table 10: Summary of the Mandatory in the EAC Partner States EAC Partner State Uganda Rwanda Tanzania Burundi Kenya Number of Mandatory ,094* About 4,000* Number of mandatory standards due for review * Voluntary product standards but products have to comply The details of the mandatory standards in the three EAC Partner States (Uganda, Rwanda and Tanzania) are attached as Annex 6. Unless these standards are harmonized within the EAC, market access will remain a challenge because of the differences in technical specifications and conformity assessment procedures required. The differences in the standards among the EAC member states harmfully impact on intra- EAC trade due to increase in technical barriers to trade, dampen free flow of goods and trade among Partner States and reduce product competitiveness and negatively impact on the private sector. Refer to Annex 7 for the list of the products affected and the National Technical Regulations that impede trade and therefore need to be reviewed, adopted by Partner States or harmonized to facilitate trade. Refer to Annex 8 for the summary of some laws and regulations that have got impact on trade and products affected in the EAC Partner States The Technical Regulatory Models Available to EAC The study findings identified the following four technical regulatory models that EAC could consider for adoption: Model 1: Maintaining the Current EAC Technical Regulatory System This model consists of mainly utilization of: harmonized declared national mandatory standards, NSB product certification marks and the PVoC system for imports to support intra-regional trade. The study findings however indicate that the major challenges that would have to be resolved if this model was adopted by EAC included: i. Ensuring that all regulatory authorities fully honor mutual recognition of NSB product certification marks; ii. Ensuring that NSBs comply fully with ISO/IEC standard as regards their certification activities; iii. Dealing with the inconsistencies amongst Partner States regarding the number of mandatory standards and their respective products. Model 2: Using the EAC Compulsory For this model to be operational, EAC will need to develop or adopt a set of EAC Compulsory, technical legislation and conformity assessment for common use in the EAC region that will ultimately be approved by the Council of Ministers. This is the situation for example in the Community of Former Soviet States (EurAsEc). Page 57

77 The challenges to be dealt with under this model will include developing the following in all Partner States and maintaining them in the Secretariat: i. Common regulations under the EAC SQMT Act; ii. Common infrastructure with the legal text; iii. Common modalities to designate regulatory authorities and conformity assessment service providers; iv. Common competent infrastructure to implement the EAC Compulsory. Model 3: EAC Common Regulatory Objectives This model will be based on the International Model for Technical Harmonization based on Good Regulatory Practice for the Preparation, Adoption and Application of Technical Regulations via the use of International published by the United Nations Economic Council for Europe (UNECE). This model can work in the EAC due to the number of East African standards already published, and by utilizing the available national quality and market surveillance infrastructure, though both will need to be upgraded. To operationalise this model the following will be needed: i. Partner States will agree on EAC Common Regulatory Objective (CRO) listing the products to be regulated, product requirements, referenced standards, compliance procedures and market surveillance modalities; ii. Partner States will transpose the CRO into national legislation; iii. The EAC Secretariat will register all agreed CRO; iv. Partner States will be fully responsible for market surveillance in their own jurisdiction; v. The promulgation of legal instruments at EAC level to establish an EAC Regulatory mark that symbolizes the conformity of the product with the applicable EAC regulatory requirements; by affixing an EAC Regulatory Mark on a product, a manufacturer declares conformity with all the regulatory requirements in the EAC; vi. An extensive information programme to sensitize all stakeholders on this new approach. Model 4: Common EAC Product Certification Mark This model utilizes a common EAC Certification Mark to denote compliance with mandatory standards, whether at the EAC or national level. If implemented it would provide visible evidence across the whole region on the compliance of products. The challenges that will have to be dealt with in this model include: i. It may become a barrier to trade to major Extra-EAC trading partners. ii. The logistics to provide certification services quite expensive. iii. The promulgation of relevant legal instruments to establish such a system; iv. The modalities to award and administer EAC Certification Mark will have to be agreed v. The system may lead to unfair competitive environment between the NSBs. 4.8 Conformity Requirements for the most Imported Products in EAC Conformity assessment procedures include product inspection and testing, evaluation, verification and assurance of conformity, registration, accreditation and approval as well as their combinations. Page 58

78 4.8.1 Conformity Assessment in the EAC The study findings indicate that the EAC Partner States import most of their manufactured goods and raw materials. In order to ensure the integrity of such imported goods, and to protect consumers, the Partner States through the National Bodies, are responsible for the administration of appropriate Import Inspection Schemes. The Import Inspection Schemes vary in complexity. In Partner States such as Uganda, Rwanda and Tanzania, all imported products falling within the scope of Mandatory must be inspected for compliance with the respective compulsory product standards. In Kenya and Burundi the imported products are checked for compliance with national, regional or international standards. In some cases test reports and certificates from abroad are accepted, while in others products will be retested in accordance with the Mandatory or parts thereof. In exceptional cases imported products have to obtain the Product Certification Mark of the National Body. As these procedures take place, delays can lead to products being held up at the entry points whilst the testing is conducted. In some Partner States, varying fees are payable for the Import Inspection which increases the cost of doing business. To overcome these challenges among others, some EAC Partner States have implemented or are in the process implementing import inspection scheme called Pre-Export Verification of Conformity (PVoC). The PVoC Programme is a conformity assessment and verification procedure applied to specific Goods/Products at the respective exporting countries, to ensure their compliance with the applicable National Mandatory or approved equivalents. PVoC is a conformity assessment programme based on Article 5 of WTO-TBT agreement, administered by National Bureaus of on behalf of the Government, carried out by the appointed verification partners on regulated goods in the country of supply. The findings indicate that to ensure equal national treatment, in line with WTO, all conformity assessments under PVoC are based on national technical regulations (i.e. mandatory standards or national standards) where they exist. However, in the absence of national technical regulations, International Standard or technical regulations applicable in the country of supply apply. Goods complying with the requirements are accompanied by Certificate of Conformity (CoC) may not be subjected to Destination Inspection (DI) but undergo surveillance inspection. Further findings indicate that the overall objective of PVoC is to minimize the risk of unsafe and substandard goods entering the market, thus ensuring health, safety and environmental protection.the benefits of PVoC include: prohibiting entry of substandard goods and reduce substandard products on the domestic market; reducing on the clearance time of imported goods at entry points; offering value for money and protecting the health and safety of the public; providing a fair competition to locally manufactured quality products thereby enhancing trade and investments in the country; enhancing the confidence of consumers on Page 59

79 the quality of imported goods on the domestic market; and assisting in the reduction of losses caused by re-exported or destruction of substandard imported goods. Findings also show that for risky products like food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, some EAC Partner States have created and mandated specific regulators to assess their conformance and ensure compliance with the technical regulations. Examples of such regulators include the Tanzania Food and Drug Authority (TFDA). In addition the study findings indicate that import conformity assessment schemes that exist in the EAC Partner States were relatively the same as shown in Table 12. Table 11: Import Conformity Assessment Schemes in the EAC Partner States # Partner Import Conformity Assessment Affected Products State Scheme 1 Uganda Destination Inspection All regulated products Pre-Export verification of Products falling under conformity (PVoC) In process mandatory standards Market Surveillance Products falling under mandatory standards Registration, approvals and Pharmaceutical products licensing Notification and Approval Food, dietary supplements, herbs, public health chemicals, Cosmetics 2 Kenya Import Standardization Mark Products falling under national (ISM) Scheme standards Destination Inspection All regulated products Pre-Export verification of Products falling under national conformity (PVoC) standards Market Surveillance All regulated products Registration, approvals and Pharmaceutical products licensing Notification and approval Food, dietary supplements, herbs, public health chemicals 3 Rwanda Destination Inspection All regulated products In process of establishing PVoC Products falling under mandatory standards Market Surveillance Products falling under mandatory standards Batch Certification of import Products falling under Scheme mandatory standards Registration, approvals and Pharmaceutical products licensing Notification and approval Food, dietary supplements, herbs, public health chemicals 4 Burundi Destination Inspection All regulated products Page 60

80 # Partner State Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study Import Conformity Assessment Scheme In process of establishing PVoC Market Surveillance Affected Products Products falling under national standards Products falling under national standards Pharmaceutical products Registration, approvals and licensing Notification and approvals Food, dietary supplements, herbs, public health chemicals 5 Tanzania Destination Inspection All regulated products PVoC Products falling under mandatory standards Market Surveillance Products falling under mandatory standards Batch Certification of import Products falling under Scheme mandatory standards Registration, approvals and Pharmaceutical products licensing Notification Food, dietary supplements, herbs, public health chemicals Mechanism for Acceptance of Conformity Assessment Results There are a number of mechanisms that can be used for acceptance of the results of conformity assessment. The study findings show that the key factor governing any recognition arrangement at government level is the confidence that regulatory authorities in the importing country or economy have in the technical competence of the conformity assessment bodies in the exporting country to assess the product to the importing country s or economy's requirements. Additionally, findings indicate that there exist a number of commonly used mechanisms for determining the technical competence of conformity assessment bodies. Such mechanisms include accreditation; peer assessment; and government designation. Whichever mechanisms for the acceptance of the results of conformity assessment is used, it must, for the purposes of the WTO TBT Agreement, meet the essential WTO TBT principles of transparency and nondiscrimination and take into consideration national and most favoured nation treatment. The concept of unilateral recognition arrangements, sometimes called national treatment of laboratories, is embodied in the WTO TBT Agreement (Article 6.1) which states that: Members shall ensure, whenever possible, that results of conformity assessment procedures in other Members are accepted provided they are satisfied that those procedures offer an assurance of conformity with applicable technical regulations or standards equivalent to their own procedures. These principles are supported by the WTO TBT Agreement (Article 6.1) which states that: Prior consultations may be necessary in order to arrive at a mutually satisfactory understanding regarding, in particular adequate and enduring technical competence of the Page 61

81 relevant conformity assessment bodies in the exporting Member, so that confidence in the continued reliability of their conformity assessment results can exist; in this regard, verified compliance, for instance through accreditation, with relevant guides or recommendations issued by international standardizing bodies shall be taken into account as an indication of adequate technical competence. 4.9 Lessons Learnt from other Economic Block The lessons learnt from various economic blocks include: An effective technical regulation framework identifies, prevents and eliminates unnecessary TBTs amongst the member states and other regional and international trading blocks through harmonized standards, technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures to facilitate and increase trade. Technical regulations harmonization is limited to the essential requirements needed to ensure the free movement of products throughout the economic block. Once a harmonized text for a standard or technical regulation has been developed and approved in accordance with the agreed procedures, member states in an economic block withdral all conflicting national standards or technical regulation Performance-based technical regulations are generally preferred by most trade blocks over prescriptive technical regulations because they provide flexibility, less trade restrictive while ensuring that the objective is achieved. Techical regulations make reference to standards or parts thereof that represent the minimum necessary to fulfill the regulatory objectives. Intervention in trade using technical regulations is applied where there is a particular significant risk to health, safety or the environment. Encouraging all stakeholders involvement in regulatory design and management helps to ensure that regulations are relevant and efficient to business. A technical regulations framework is facilitated by having a formalized institutional cooperation and coordination. The key factor governing any mutual recognition arrangement between two or more countries is based on the level of confidence that regulatory authorities in the importing country have in the technical competence of the conformity assessment bodies in the exporting country. Page 62

82 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The study findings indicated that trade between the Partner States was still being hampered by the existence of technical barriers, which was of concern to the private sector and other stakeholders in the EAC. In spite of the existence of the EAC SQMT Act and establishment of the EAC Customs Union and the EAC Common Market which all aimed at facilitation of intra-eac trade, the technical barriers to trade still exist. The challenges and unnecessary technical barriers to trade amongst the EAC Partner States and between EAC and other Regional and International Trading Blocks should be dealt with through harmonizing: standards, technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures in order to promote free movement of goods in the region to facilitate and increase trade. The study generated information that will assist the stakeholders in the EAC in making decision with a view of promoting free movement of goods in the region. They include: 5.1 Harmonization and Fast Tracking the Process The strategies for fast tracking standards harmonization should optimize cost, time, quality and scope of the standards. Harmonization of standards and technical regulations in the EAC will lead to the following benefits: Eliminate technical barriers to trade (TBTs); Encourage a free flow of goods within the EAC; Boost trade among Partner States; Protect the health and safety of the consumers, animals, plants and the environment in general; Prevent deceptive practices in business transactions; Increase competitiveness and productivity; The development of an EAC standard, as outlined in the EAC Development Procedures, takes a minimum of 19 months. However, this period can be shortened to 6 months if an equivalent standard developed by a recognized body is adopted. The following strategies for fast tracking the standardization harmonization process in the EAC are recommended: x. EAC should be become members of regional and international standards development organizations to facilitate the adoption of standards developed by other recognized standards developing organizations. xi. New standards in the EAC should be developed as EA standards right from the proposal stage. xii. development and harmonization should be demand driven. xiii. The EAC standards secretariat should encourage sector associations to initiate standards development for their products. xiv. All stakeholders especially the private sector should actively participate in the EAC standards development and harmonization processes. xv. The EAC standards secretariat should generate and avail the necessary scientific data to Page 63

83 support the arguments during standards development and harmonization. xvi. EAC Technical Committees and subcommittees should use modern information and communication technology (ICT) to carry out their work wherever possible. xvii. The EAC standards secretariat should hire additional appropriate personnel. xviii. EAC standards secretariat and the national standards bodies should continuously create awareness on standardization and the benefits of standards. 5.2 Harmonization of Conformity Assessments for Imported Goods The choice of appropriate conformity assessment regime is dependent on the level of risk, or risk gap that needs to be regulated and controlled. For low level risk items, less involving conformity assessment regimes such as suppliers declarations can be used. As the level of risk increases, then more invasive conformity assessment regimes such as approvals, licensing, batch testing and inspections may need to be employed. The mutual acceptance and recognition of the conformity assessment services in the EAC will inevitably depend on the confidence in the technical competence of the conformity assessment service providers. The recommended strategies for harmonizing conformity assessment in the EAC region are: viii. The EAC Partner States should designate, register and publish the list of the mutually recognized technically competent national conformity assessment service providers. ix. Suppliers in the EAC should procure conformity assessment services from the published list of the service providers. x. The EAC Partner States should have their certification marks notified to the respective Partner States for recognition and acceptance as equivalent to their own. xi. The testing laboratories should be upgraded and accredited to international standards, ISO in order to attain international recognition of the services provided. xii. The capacities of the inspection bodies in the EAC Partner States should be strengthened and accredited based on international standards, ISO 17020, for international recognition of the services. xiii. Certification bodies in the EAC Partner States should be accredited based on International standards, ISO xiv. An EAC regulatory mark that symbolizes the conformity of the product with the EAC regulations be established EAC Technical Regulations Framework The objective of the EAC technical regulations framework should be to identify, prevent and eliminate unnecessary technical barriers to trade amongst the EAC Partner States. This can be achieved through harmonized standards, technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures in order to facilitate and increase trade. Page 64

84 The technical regulations should refer to EAC standards or parts thereof that represent the minimum requirements necessary to fulfill the regulatory objectives. All conflicting national standards or technical regulations should be withdrawn once the text of the EAC regional standards or technical regulations has been developed and approved in accordance with the agreed EAC procedures. The technical regulations should reduce the differences in regulatory requirements through the adoption of, or alignment with, international standards; and accepting the standards and/or technical regulations used by other member economies, provided these standards and/or technical regulations adequately fulfill the objectives of the accepting economy s regulations. This is in line with the WTO TBT Agreement (Article 2 (7), which states: Members shall give positive consideration to accepting as equivalent technical regulations of other Members even if these regulations differ from their own, provided they are satisfied that these regulations adequately fulfill the objectives of their own regulations. In order to further the objectives of the EAC Technical Regulations, a formal framework, in which the cooperation amongst regulators, stakeholders and the national institutions in Standardisation, Metrology, Quality Assurance, and Testing and (SMQT) is required. This will require creation of some structures at national and regional levels. The recommended EAC technical regulations implementation structure is illustrated figure 5. Figure 5: Recommended EAC Technical Regulations Implementation Structure Council Ministers of East African Secretariat Other EA Subcommittees EA Committee (EASC) EAC Technical Regulations Liaison Office National Bodies EASC SubCommittee on Technical Regulations National Technical Regulations Office National Codex Commitee National TBT/SPS Committee National Technical Regulations Coordination Committee Key: Existing Component To created be Page 65

85 The EAC technical regulations framework should have a policy to guide the intervention and the legal instruments to provide for product/process characteristics and administrative procedures. The recommended building blocks for the EAC technical regulations framework is shown in figure 6. Figure 6: Recommended Building Blocks for the EAC Technical Regulations Framework EAC and Quality Policy EAC Regulatory Impact Assessment(s) EAC and Quality Legislation EAC Technical Regulations Requirements EAC EAC Partner States Regulatory Authorities EAC Partner States Conformity Assessment Service Providers Sanctions for the Offenders The EAC Common Regulatory Objectives model is best suited to operate in the region due to the number of East African standards already published, and by utilizing the available national quality and market surveillance infrastructure; however both will need to be upgraded. In order for this mode work, a formal institutional cooperation and coordination is required among the stakeholders. In order to facilitate the implementation of the EAC Common Regulatory Objectives model as a Technical Regulations Framework for EAC, it is recommended that: xiii. Partner States should agree on EAC Common Regulatory Objectives (CRO); xiv. The EAC Secretariat should register all agreed CRO; xv. Partner States should transpose the CRO into national legislation; xvi. The EAC should establish a Technical Committee on technical regulations; xvii. A Technical Regulations Liaison Office should be established at EAC Secretariat to coordinate technical regulatory functions at regional level. xviii. A policy to support the implementation of the EAC technical regulations framework should be developed; xix. A regulatory impact assessment for any proposed technical regulations should be conducted in the EAC; xx. The EAC SQMT Act should be reviewed to provide for: technical requirements; regulatory authorities; conformity assessment; and sanctions. xxi. The legal instruments at EAC level should be promulgated to establish an EAC Regulatory mark that symbolizes the conformity of the product with the applicable EAC Page 66

86 regulatory requirements; xxii. A National Technical Regulations Coordination Committee consisting of regulators should be created in each partner state to provide a platform for cooperation and harmonization of activities. xxiii. A National Technical Regulations Office should be established in each partner state to act as a secretariat and coordinate the national regulatory functions. xxiv. EAC Partner States should carry out an extensive sensitization of all stakeholders on this new proposed approach. Page 67

87 ANNEXES Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study ANNEX 1: Intra-EAC Most Traded Products S/N Product Value ($), millions 1. Tea Cement Iron, steel and its products Petroleum oils and related products Edible fats and oils Tobacco and tobacco products Soap and detergents Paper and paperboards Containers, bottles, flasks, ampoules, caps, capsules stoppers and lids Medicaments Beer and other fermented products Edible salt Sugar confectionery Furnishing articles Motor vehicles Tin ores and concentrates Electrical transformers, static converters and inductors Fish Electrical energy Coffee Footwear Table, kitchen, household and sanitary articles Maize(Corn) Hides and skins Twine, cordage, rope and cables Wood, poles and boards Oil cake Insecticides, rodenticides and similar products Sugar Cosmetics and related products Sacks and bags Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits Insulated wires, cables, optical fibre cables Plastics and articles thereof Dairy and dairy products Ethyl alcohol, undenatured of>=80% alcohol Dressing garments Dried leguminous vegetables, shelled Primary cells and primary batteries Mineral or chemical fertilizers, other fertilizers; goods New pneumatic tyres, of rubber Brans, sharps (flour) and other residues Tubes, Pipes, hoses and fittings Rice Fruits, vegetables and derived products, unfermented Cotton Carbonates; peroxocabonates commercial Meat and meat products Ferrous waste and scrap; remelting scrap ingots of iron or steel Paints and vanishes Fishing equipments Millet and other related cereals 5.12 Page 68

88 S/N Product Value ($), millions 53. Prepared unrecorded media for sound or similar Limestone flux Other live plants, cuttings and slips, mushroom spawn Motor vehicles spare parts Gold Automatic data processing machines magnetic readers Surveying, hydrographic, oceanographic instruments/appliance Confectionary Woven fabrics Beddings, mattresses and related products Vegetable,frozen Wheat grains and wheat flour Polyethers and epoxide resins; polyesters Pens, pencils and related products Leguminous vegetables, shelled Cereal flour Molluses and aquatic invertebrates Human and animal blood, vaccines and toxins Agricultural machinery Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens including incinerators Baths, shower baths Machines for assembling electric lamps, tubes hot working glassware Aluminum plates, sheets and strip Waters Seeds, fruits and spore, for planting Non-Domestic heating cooling equipment Fresh or dried roots and tubers Machines for cleaning seed and milling Machinery for sorting and agglomerating Radio-communication/television transmission apparatus Polymers of ethylene, in primary forms Poultry Portable electric lamps Rubber Machine tools for drilling, boring, milling Zinc waste and scrap Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical,dental or veterinary science 0.04 including other elector medical apparatus and sight testing instruments 90. Air/vacuum pumps, air/gas compressors and fans; hoods with Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy Machines and mechanical appliances, Electric motors and generators (excluding generating sets) Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Page 69

89 Intra-EAC Exports Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study Table 1.1: Intra-EAC Exports: Uganda to Kenya No. Product Value ($), millions Total 1. Tea Tobacco and tobacco products Electrical energy Maize(Corn) Oil seeds Dried leguminous vegetables, shelled Dairy and dairy products Brans, sharps (flour) and other residues Coffee Iron, steel and its products Cotton Wood, poles and boards Millet and other related cereals Containers, bottles, flasks, ampoules, Caps, capsules stoppers and lids Oil cake Edible fats and oils Fruits, vegetables and derived products Sugar Rice Wheat grains and wheat flour Footwear Cosmetic and related products Motor vehicles Soap and detergents Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.2: Intra-EAC Exports: Uganda to Tanzania No. Product Value ($), millions Total 1. Edible fats and oils Electrical Energy Iron, steel and its products Cement Cosmetic and related products Soap and detergents Sacks and bags Maize (Corn) Oil Seeds Paper and paperboards Motor vehicles Waters Fruits, vegetables and derived products Dairy and dairy products Non-Domestic heating cooling equipment Machinery for sorting and agglomerating Electrical transformers, static converters and inductors Poultry Rubber Page 70

90 No. Product Value ($), millions Total 20. Machine tools for drilling, boring, milling Medicaments Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.3: Intra-EAC Exports: Uganda to Rwanda No. Product Value ($), millions Total 1. Cement Edible fats and oils Iron, steel and its products Soap and detergents Sugar Paints and vanishes Tubes, Pipes, hoses and fittings Wood, poles and boards Meat and meat products Confectionary Cosmetic and related products Paper and paperboards Fruits, vegetables and derived products Molluses and aquatic invertebrates Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.4: Intra-EAC Exports: Uganda to Burundi No. Product Value ($), millions Total 1. Cement Iron, steel and its products Maize(Corn) Meat and meat products Edible fats and oils Paper and paperboards Tobacco and tobacco products Containers, bottles, flasks, ampoules, Caps, capsules stoppers and lids Sugar Human and animal blood, vaccines and toxins Dressing garments Wood, poles and boards Sacks and bags Tubes, Pipes, hoses and fittings Fresh or dried roots and tubers Medicaments Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.5: Intra-EAC Exports: Kenya to Uganda No. Product Value ($), millions Total 1. Cement Petroleum oils and related products Beer and other fermented products Iron, steel and its products Edible salt Medicaments Page 71

91 No. Product Value ($), millions Total 7. Soap and detergents Containers, bottles, flasks, ampoules, Caps, capsules stoppers and lids Paper and paperboards Tobacco and tobacco products Sugar confectionery Motor vehicles Edible fats and oils Ethyl alcohol, undenatured of>=80% alcohol, Plastics and articles thereof Insulated wires, cables, optical fiber cables Footwear Insecticides and rodenticides Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.6: Intra-EAC Exports: Kenya to Tanzania No. Product Value ($), millions Total 1. Edible fats and oils Iron, steel and its products Medicaments Containers, bottles, flasks, ampoules, Caps, capsules stoppers and lids 5. Soap and detergents Sugar confectionery Petroleum oils and related products Table, kitchen, household and sanitary articles Motor vehicles Insecticides and rodenticides Edible salt Footwear Cement Paper and paperboards Primary cells and primary batteries New pneumatic tyres, of rubber Sacks and bags Dairy and dairy products Carbonates; peroxocabonates commercial Other live plants, cuttings and slips, mushroom spawn Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.7: Intra-EAC Exports: Kenya to Rwanda No. Product Value ($), millions Total 1. Petroleum oils and related products Edible fats and oils Iron, steel and its products Paper and paperboards Tobacco and tobacco products Footwear Insulated wires, cables, optical fiber cables Sugar confectionery Edible salt Medicaments Plastics and articles thereof maize(corn) Page 72

92 No. Product Value ($), millions Total 13. Automatic data processing machines magnetic readers Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.8: Intra-EAC Exports: Kenya to Burundi No. Product Value ($), millions Total 1. Iron, steel and its products Containers, bottles, flasks, ampoules, Caps, capsules stoppers and lids 3. Sugar confectionery Petroleum oils and related products Motor vehicles Motor vehicles spare parts Tubes, Pipes, hoses and fittings Paints and vanishes Pens, pencils and related products Edible fats and oils Ethyl alcohol, undenatured of>=80% alcohol Paper and paperboards Insulated wires, cables, optical fibre cables Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.9: Intra-EAC Exports: Tanzania to Uganda No. Value ($), millions Product Totals 1. Twine, cordage, rope and cables Other furnishing articles, excluding those of HS Edible fats and oils Iron, steel and its products Dressing garments Fishing equipments Oil cake Rice Fish Containers, bottles, flasks, ampoules, Caps, capsules stoppers and lids 11. Sacks and bags Electrical transformers, static converters and inductors 13. Sugar Paper and paperboards Surveying, hydrographic, oceanographic instruments/appliance 16. Beer and other fermented products Petroleum oils and related products Polyethers and epoxide resins; polyesters Woven fabrics Tobacco and tobacco products Moto vehicles spare parts Motor Vehicles Agricultural machinery Plastics and articles thereof Machines for assembling electric lamps, tubes hot working glassware 26. Machines for cleaning seed and milling Page 73

93 No. Value ($), millions Product Totals 27. Footwear Polymers of ethylene, in primary forms Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.10: Intra-EAC Exports: Tanzania to Kenya No. Value ($), millions Product Total 1. Tea Furnishing articles Electrical transformers, static converters and inductors 4. Paper and paperboard Fish Oil cake Wood, poles and boards Petroleum oils and related products Twine, cordage, rope and cables Iron, steel and its products Beer and other fermented products Dressing garments Cosmetic and related products Sugar Prepared unrecorded media for sound or similar Tobacco and tobacco products Gold Edible fats and oils Containers, bottles, flasks, ampoules, Caps, capsules stoppers and lids 20. Sacks and bags Rice Woven fabrics Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.11 Intra-EAC Exports: Tanzania to Rwanda No. Value ($), millions Total Product 1. Mineral or chemical fertilizer, nitrogenous Cement Iron, steel and its products Cosmetics and related products Tubes, Pipes, hoses and fittings Sugar Containers, bottles, flasks, ampoules, Caps, capsules stoppers and lids Beddings, mattresses and related products Seeds, fruits and spore, for planting Motor vehicles Cereal flour Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Page 74

94 Table 1.12: Intra-EAC Exports: Tanzania to Burundi No. Value US$, millions Total Product 1. Aluminum plates, sheets and strip cement Edible salt Limestone flux Oil seeds Mineral or chemical fertilizers Soap and detergents Iron, steel and its products Beddings, mattresses and related products Tubes, Pipes, hoses and fittings Cosmetic and related products Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens including incinerators 13. Baths, shower baths Cereal flours excl wheat or meslin Edible fats and oils Medicaments Aluminium plates sheets and strips Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.13: Intra-EAC Exports: Rwanda to Uganda No. Value ($), millions Product Totals 1. Ferrous waste and scrap; re melting scrap ingots of iron or steel 2. Coffee Tea Cosmetics and related products Dressing garments Insecticides, rodenticides and similar products, for retail sale 7. Air/vacuum pumps, air/gas compressors and fans; hoods with 8. Medicaments Electric motors and generators (excluding generating sets). 10. Aluminum plates, sheets and strip Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.14: Intra-EAC Exports: Rwanda to Kenya No. Value ($), millions Product Total 1. Tea Coffee Tin ores and concentrates Hides and skins Ferrous waste and scrap; remelting scrap ingots of iron or steel 6. Wheat and wheat flour Motor Vehicles Motor vehicles spare parts Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical,dental or veterinary science including other elector medical apparatus and sight testing Page 75

95 No. Product instruments Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study Value ($), millions Total 10. Dressing garments Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy 12. Other agricultural forestry machinery; poultry incubators/brooders Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.15: Intra-EAC Exports: Rwanda to Tanzania No. Value ($), millions Product Total 1. Dressing garments Tin ores and concentrates Ferrous waste and scrap; remelting scrap ingots of iron or steel 4. Machinery for sorting, agglomerating, earth, stone, ores, Etc 5. Automatic data processing machines magnetic readers 6. Machines and mechanical appliances, having individual 7. Mineral or chemical fertilizers, other fertilizers; goods 8. Motor vehicles Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.16: Intra-EAC Exports: Rwanda to Burundi No. Value ($), millions Product Total 1. Vegetable,frozen Cement Foot ware Cosmetics and related products Plastics and articles thereof Automatic data processing machines magnetic readers 7. Dried leguminous vegetables, shelled Maize(corn) Portable electric lamps Iron, steel and its products Waters Fruits, vegetables and derived products, unfermented Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Page 76

96 Table 1.17: Intra-EAC Exports: Burundi to Uganda N0. Value ($), millions Product Total 1. Fruits, vegetables and derived products, unfermented 2. Tobacco and tobacco products Ferrous waste and scrap; re melting scrap ingots of iron or steel 4. Leguminous vegetables, shelled Coffee Hides and skins Zinc waste and scrap Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.18: Intra-EAC Exports: Burundi to Kenya No. Product Value ($), millions Total 1. Tea Hides and skins Wheat and wheat flour Zinc waste and scrap Ferrous waste and scrap; re melting scrap ingots of iron or steel 6. Coffee Fish Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.19: Intra-EAC Exports: Burundi to Tanzania No. Value ($), millions Product Total 1. Coffee Tea Other oil seeds and oleaginous fruits Beer and other fermented products Hides and skins Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 1.20: Intra-EAC Exports: Burundi to Rwanda No. Product Value ($), millions Total 1. Soap and detergents Tin ores and concentrates Coffee Tobacco and tobacco products Cotton Fruits, vegetables and derived products, unfermented 7. Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Page 77

97 ANNEX 2: Most Exported Products by EAC to the Rest of the World S/N Product Value ($), millions 1. Tea 4, Gold 4, Horticultural products 3, Coffee 2, Precious metal ores and concentrates 1, Fish 1, Cement 1, Tobacco and tobacco products 1, Cotton 1, Iron, steel and its products Leguminous vegetables, shelled Edible fats and oils Carbonates; Peroxocarbonates; Commercial Ammonium Carbonate Petroleum oils and related products Other live plants, cuttings and slips, mushroom spawn Coconuts, brazil nuts and cashew nuts, fresh or dried Manganese ores and concentrates Containers, bottles, flasks, ampoules, caps, capsules stoppers and lids Medicaments Sugar confectionery Furnishing articles Oil Seeds and oleaginous fruits Other parts of plants for ornamental purposes Soap and detergents Cocoa Beans Tin ores and concentrates Wheat grains and wheat flour Precious stones (excl. diamonds) and semi-precious stones, Vegetable products not elsewhere specified Electric water and space heaters, hair-dressing apparatus, irons Paper or paperboard Niobium, tantalum, vanadium or zirconium ores and concentrates Edible salt Cobalt ores and concentrates Sugar Radio-communication/television transmission apparatus Maize(Corn) Beer and other fermented products Electrical transformers, static converters and inductors Tungsten ores and concentrates New stamps ;stamp-impressed paper; cheque forms Diamonds, not mounted or set Plastics and articles thereof Meat and meat products Electrical energy Wood, poles and boards Hides and skins Food preparations not elsewhere specified or included Worn clothing and other worn articles Waters Other ores and concentrates Ferrous waste and scrap remelting scrap ingots of iron or steel Chromium ores and concentrates Foot wear 2.66 Page 78

98 S/N Product Value ($), millions 55. Cosmetic and related products Molybdenum ores and concentrates Motor vehicles Brans, sharps and other residues derived from working of cereals Wines of fresh grapes,including fortified wines; grapes must Paintings and vanishes Waste and scrap of precious metal Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy Anti-knock preparations, oxidation inhibitors, to use as mineral oils Plants and parts of plants, of a kind used id perfumery, pharmacy Starches and insulin Cigarette paper Prefabricated buildings Wadding, gauze, etc with pharmaceutical substances or for retail sale 0.13 Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC websit Extra-EAC Exports of Each Partner State Table 2.1: Extra EAC Exports: Uganda No. Product Value ($), millions Totals 1. Coffee , Cement Fish Tea Tobacco and tobacco products Other live plants, cuttings and slips, mushroom spawn 7. Edible fats and oils Gold Iron, steel and its products Other tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of iron Cocoa beans, whole or broken, raw or roasted Cotton Soap and detergents Radio-communication/television transmission apparatus 15. Maize(Corn) New stamps ;stamp-impressed paper; cheque forms 17. Cobalt ores and concentrates Beer and other fermented products Other oil seeds and oleaginous fruits Sugar Cobalt mattes and other products of cobalt metallugry; cobalt 22. Electrical energy Dried leguminous vegetables, shelled Food preparations not elsewhere specified Meat and meat products Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Page 79

99 Table 2.2: Extra EAC Exports: Tanzanian No. Value ($), millions Product Totals 1. Gold , Precious metal ores and concentrates , Cotton Fish Tobacco and tobacco products Coconuts, brazil nuts and cashew nuts, fresh or dried 7. Manganese ores and concentrates Dried leguminous vegetables, shelled Tea Furnishing articles Oil Seeds and oleaginous fruits Wheat grains and wheat flour Precious stones (excl. diamonds) and semiprecious stones, 14. Electric water and space heaters, hair-dressing apparatus, irons 15. Paper or paperboard Cocoa Beans Electrical transformers, static converters and inductors 18. Iron, steel and its products Fresh cut flowers Diamonds, not mounted or set Plastics and articles thereof Edible salt Sugar Cement Wood, poles and boards Edible fats and oils Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 2.3: Extra EAC Exports: Kenya No. Product Value ($), millions Totals 1. Tea , Fresh cut flowers , Coffee Fruits, vegetables and derived products Carbonates; Peroxocarbonates; Commercial Ammonium Carbonate 6. Petroleum oils and related products Tobacco and tobacco products Cement Iron, steel and its products Containers, bottles, flasks, ampoules, caps, capsules stoppers and lids 11. Leguminous vegetables, shelled or unshelled, fresh or chilled 12. Fresh fruits Other live plants, cuttings and slips, mushroom spawn 14. Edible fats and oils Medicaments Page 80

100 No. Product Value ($), millions Totals 16. Sugar confectionery Fish Gold Other parts of plants for ornamental purposes Vegetable products not elsewhere specified Margarine Soap and detergents Edible salt Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 2.4: Extra EAC Exports: Rwanda No. Product Value ($), millions Totals 1. Coffee Tin ores and concentrates Tea Niobium, tantalum, vanadium or zirconium ores and concentrates 5. Tungsten ores and concentrates Meat and meat products Raw hides and skins Dried leguminous vegetables Fruits, vegetables and derived products Cement Beer and other fermented products Worn clothing and other worn articles Waters Ferrous waste and scrap remelting scrap ingots of iron or steel 15. Chromium ores and concentrates Other ores and concentrates Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of 600 mm or more, clad, plated or coated 18. Foot wear Cosmetic and related products Molybdenum ores and concentrates Brans, sharps and other residues derived from working of cereals 22. Leguminous vegetables, shelled or unshelled, fresh or chilled 23. Wines of fresh grapes,including fortified wines; grapes must other than that HS Goat or kid skin leather, without hair Paintings, drawings and pastels Waste and scrap of precious metal Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy 28. Maize(Corn) Anti-knock preparations, oxidation inhibitors, to use as mineral oils 30. Precious metal ores and concentrates Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Page 81

101 Table 2.5 Extra EAC Exports: Burundi No. Product Value ($), millions Totals 1. Coffee Gold Tea Tungsten ores and concentrates Raw hides and skins Cotton Beer and other fermented products Other raw hides and skins, Tobacco and tobacco products Sugar Niobium, tantalum, vanadium or zirconium ores and concentrates 12. Soap and detergent Motor vehicles Live Fish Plants and parts of plants, of a kind used id perfumery, pharmacy 16. Starches and insulin Fresh cut flowers Other live plants, cuttings and slips, mushroom spawn Other ores and concentrates Meat of bovine animals, fresh or chilled Cigarette paper Tin ore and concentrates Motor vehicles Food preparations not elsewhere specified or included 25. Prefabricated buildings Wadding, gauze, etc with pharmaceutical substances or for retail sale 27. Fresh Fruit Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Page 82

102 ANNEX 3: Most Imported Products by EAC from the Rest of the World S/N Product Value ($), millions 1. Petroleum oils and related products 22, Motor vehicles 11, Edible fats and oils 3, Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy 2, Medicaments 2, Wheat grains and wheat flour 2, Iron, steel and its products 3, Aircraft (eg helicopters, aeroplanes)and spacecraft 1, Polymers of ethylene, in primary forms 1, Cement 1, Automatic data processing machines and magnetic readers 1, Sugar 1, Mineral or chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous 1, Motor vehicles spare parts and accessories Electric generating sets and rotary converters New pneumatic tyres, of rubber Rice Insecticides, rodenticides. and similar products Spark-ignition reciprocating/rotary internal combustion Radio-communication/television transmission apparatus, cameras Maize(corn) Worm clothing and other worn articles Human blood; animal blood; antisera, vaccines and toxins Furnishing articles Electric motors and generators (excluding. generating sets) Machinery for sorting, agglomerating earth, stone and ores Hydraulic turbines, water wheels and regulators thereof Malt Glazed ceramic flags, paving, hearth or wall tiles; mozaic cubes, etc Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical and dental sciences Insulated (including enameled oranodised) wire, cable (including coakial-cables Tubes, pipe and hoses and fittings therof (eg joints, elbows) Mixtures of odoriferous substances used as raw materials in industry Electrical transformers, static converts and inductors Edible salt Carboys, bottles, flasks, ampoules, stoppers and lids of glass Motorcycles (including. mopeds) and cycles fitted with an auxiliary motor Dish washing machines, machinery for cleaning filling and aerating Soap and detergents Seats Dairy and dairy products Bitumen and asphalt, natural; bituminous or oil shale and asphaltites Primary cells and primary batteries Hand tools (eg. hoes) 1.25 Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Page 83

103 Extra EAC Imports of Each Partner State Table 3.1: Extra EAC Imports: Uganda No. Product Value ($), millions Totals 1. Petroleum oils and related products , Motor Vehicles , Iron, steel and its products Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy 5. Edible fats and oil Medicaments Wheat grains and wheat flour Cement Sugar Polymers of ethylene, in primary forms Automatic data processing machines, magnetic readers 12. New pneumatic tyres, of rubber Motorcycles (Including Mopeds) and cycles fitted with an auxiliary motor 14. Radio-communication/television transmission apparatus cameras 15. Worn clothing and other worn articles Electric generating sets and rotary converters Hydraulic turbines, water wheels and regulators thereof 18. Human blood, animal blood ;anti-sera, vaccines, toxins and related products 19. Electric Motors and generators (excluding generating sets) 20. Motor vehicle spare parts Other furnishing articles, (excluding of those of HS 94.04) 22. Mixtures of odoriferous substances used as raw materials in industry 23. Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical, dental sciences Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 3.2: Extra EAC Imports: Tanzania No. Product Value ($), millions Totals , , , , Petroleum oils and related products 8 2. Motor vehicles , Iron, steel and its products , Motor vehicle spare parts , Wheat flour and wheat grains Edible fats and oils Medicaments Polymers of ethylene, in primary forms New pneumatic tyres, of rubber Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy 11. Polymers of propylene or of other olefins in primary form 12. Mineral or chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous Page 84

104 No. Product Value ($), millions Totals 13. Other aircraft (eg helicopters, aeroplanes); spacecraft, etc 14. Electric generating sets and rotary converters 15. Automatic data processing machines, magnetic readers 16. Sugar Radio-communication/television transmission apparatus cameras 18. Mineral or chemical fertilizers, other fertilizer; goods=<10kg 19. Machinery for sorting agglomerating earth, stone, ores 20. Glazed ceramic flags, paving, hearth or wall tiles; mosaic cubes 21. Maize (Corn) Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 3.3: Extra EAC Imports: Kenya No. Product Value ($), millions Totals 1. Petroleum oils and related products 1, , , , , , Motor vehicles , Edible fats and oils Aircraft (eg helicopters, aero planes); space 5. Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy 6. Iron, steel and its products , Medicaments , Wheat grains and wheat flour Polymers of ethylene, in primary forms Automatic data processing machines Mineral or chemical fertilizers, other fertilizes 12. Sugar Rice Insecticides, rodenticides. and similar products 15. Electric generating sets and rotary converters 16. Spark-ignition reciprocating/rotary internal combustion 17. Polymers of propylene or of other olefins, in primary forms 18. Maize(corn) Radio-communication/television transmission apparatus cameras Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Page 85

105 Table 3.4: Extra EAC Imports: Rwanda No. Product Value ($), millions Totals 1. Petroleum oils and related products Motor vehicles Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy 4. Iron, steel and its products Medicaments Cement Sugar Automatic data processing machines,magnetic readers 9. Edible fats and oil Human blood; animal blood; anti-sera, vaccines, toxins, 11. Other furnishing articles, excluding those of HS Mineral or chemical fertilizer containing two or three of the fertilizing elements 13. Insulated (including enameled or anodized) wire, cable (including co-axial cables Worm clothing and other worn articles Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical, dental sciences 16. Wheat grains and wheat flour Rice Tubes, pipe and hoses and fittings thereof (eg joints, elbows) 19. Motor vehicles spare parts Maize(Corn) Malt Electric motors and generators (excluding generating sets) 23. Electrical transformers, static converts and inductors 24. New pneumatic tyres, of rubber Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website Table 3.5: Extra EAC Imports: Burundi No. Product Value ($), millions Totals 1. Petroleum oils and related products Motor vehicles Medicaments Cement Iron, steel and its products Motor vehicle spare parts Malt Sugar Furnishing articles Edible salt New pneumatic tyres, of rubber Carboys, bottles, flasks ampoules, etc; stoppers, lids of glass 13. Motorcycles (including. mopeds) and cycles fitted with an auxiliary motor Page 86

106 No. Product Value ($), millions Totals 14. Automatic data processing machines, magnetic readers 15. Radio-communication/television transmission apparatus cameras 16. Worn clothing Dish washing machines; machinery for cleaning filling, aerating, 18. Rice Soap and detergents Sets of woven fabric and yarn, for making up into rugs, etc, prs 21. Dairy and dairy products Seats, other than those of HS 94.02, and parts thereof 23. Oil seeds Bitumen and asphalt, natural; bituminous or oil shale asphaltites and asphaltic rocks 25. Primary cells and primary batteries Wheat grains and wheat flour Hand tools (eg. hoes) Source: EAC Trade Report and EAC website ANNEX 4: EAC Most Imported Goods as Raw Materials for Manufacturing S/N HS CODE DESCRIPTION OF RAW MATERIAL EXPECTED FINISHED PRODUCT Hard wheat, spelt, common wheat and meslin Wheat flour Other wheat and meslin Wheat flour Other wheat Wheat flour Starches, insulin Soap Malt not roasted Beer Roasted malt Beer Maize (corn) starch Cooking oil Soya beans, whether or not broken Cooking oils Sunflower seeds, whether or not broken Cooking oils Cotton seeds Cotton fiber and cooking oils Other oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, whether or not Cooking oils broken Lard stearin, lard oil, oleostearin, oleo - oil, and tallow oil, Cooking oil not emulsified or mixed otherwise prepared Palm Olein whether or not refined,palm Olein, fractions Cooking oils, fats toilet and laundry bar soaps and edible oil Palm Stearin, whether or not refined Cooking oils, fats toilet and laundry bar soaps and edible oil Palm Stearin RBD Laundry soap Sugar for Industrial Use Carbonated soft drink Lactose and lactose syrup Sweets Other lactose and lactose syrup. Soft drink and Juice Glucose and glucose syrup, containing <20% fructose Sweets, candies and lolly pops Other orange, frozen or not frozen Juice Other apple juice,unfermented, no spirit Juice Active yeasts Opaque beer in powder form, beer and bakers ware's Other food preparations and preparations of a kind used in manufacturing of beverages Juices Page 87

107 S/N HS CODE DESCRIPTION OF RAW MATERIAL EXPECTED FINISHED PRODUCT Bread improver Bakers wares Ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denatured, of any Strength Beer and Soft drinks Natural magnesium carbonate (magnesite) Beer and Soft drinks Quick lime Mattress Slaked lime Beer, Sugar and Soft drinks Hydraulic lime Cement Cement clinkers Cement Natural sodium borates and concentrates (whether or not Beer and Soft drinks calcined) Other coal whether or not pulverised Soft drinks Base Oil and Other Oils Lubricants Petroleum Jelly Cosmetics 35. Other paraffin wax and similar products, Other residues of Cosmetics petroleum oils Prepared driers Paints, Labels, boxes and similar packing materials Pigments in non-aqueous media, for retail sale Paint Other pigments of a kind used Paint Black printing ink, writing or drawing ink and other inks, whether or not concentrated or solid Other printing ink, writing or drawing ink and other inks, whether or not concentrated or solid Mixtures of odoriferous substances of a kind used in the Juice food or drink industries Personal deodorants and antiperspirants Cosmetics Other soap; organic surface-active products and Soaps preparations for use as soap Anionic organic surface-active agents Beer and soft drinks Cationic organic surface-active agents Beer and soft drinks Non-ionic organic surface-active agents Beer and soft drinks Other organic surface-active agents, surface-active preparations, washing preparations, and cleaning preparations Peptones and their derivatives; other protein substances and their derivatives, not elsewhere specified or included; hide powder, whether or not chromed Beer and soft drinks, exercise books, stationary and printing, corrugated boxes and cartons, labels, boxes and similar packing materials, newspapers, polypropylene sacks and bags Beer and soft drinks, cigarettes, printed materials, plastic materials, exercise books, stationary and printing, printing of packaging material, printing on jerricans, packing boxes, polypropylene sacks and bags, labels, boxes and similar packing materials, corrugated boxes and cartons, wrapping, shopping bags and carriers Beer and soft drinks Cotton products for medical purposes Casein Beer and soft drinks Other casein, caseinates and other casein derivatives; casein glues, Reaction initiators, accelerators and catalytic preparation Beer and soft drinks, fabrics mattresses Other chemical products and preparations Polyethylene Polyethylene having a specific gravity Polyethylene Polyethylene having a specific gravity Polyethylene Polyvinyl acetate in aqueous dispersion Polyethylene Vinly acetate copolymers in aqueous dispersion Polyethylene Polyvinyl alcohol, whether or not containing unhydrolysed Glue and fabrics acetates groups Other copolymers and other polymers of other vinyl esters Glue and fabrics and foam Page 88

108 S/N HS CODE DESCRIPTION OF RAW MATERIAL EXPECTED FINISHED PRODUCT Other acrylic polymers prepared in primary form fabrics Alkydresins, in primary forms Paints Unsaturated polyesters, in primary forms Foam mattresses Polyester in primary forms Foam mattresses Melamine resins, in primary forms Packing of products Polyurethanes, in primary forms Foam Mattresses Plate and sheets of polymers of ethylene, (unprinted) Packing of products Plates of polymers of propylene, not reinforced, etc Polythene bags and PP woven bags, packing of products Other plates, sheets, film, foil and strips Packing of products Plates of other acrylic polymers, not reinforced, etc Detergents, exercise books, stationary and printing, spirit (gin), tooth brush, packing of products, plastic bottles Other, other plate unprinted, other plates of acrylic polymers, other plates of polymers of styrene Exercise books, stationary and printing plastic bottles, spirit (gin), detergents, tooth brush, packing of products Cellular plates, strips of other plastics Sanitary pads, packing of products, packing materials for sweets, packaging for sweets and soaps 70. Packing materials for Soaps, packing materials for sweets, Packaging for sweets and soaps Other plates of other plastics, other unprinted Carboys, bottles, flasks and similar articles Packaging material Other plates, Other rods and profile shapes of cellular Toilet papers Plates, sheets and strip of non-cellular, Corrugated boxes and cartons Other road and profile of non cellular rubber Corrugated boxes and cartons Other road and profile of non cellular rubber Aluminium windows, doors, panels and similar products 76. Treads for cold retreading, solid tyres, interchangeable Tyres tyre treads Particle board Boards Oriented strand board (OSB) Boards Worked oriented strand board and wafer board of wood Boards Fibre board of a thickness not exceeding 5mm Boards Fibre board of a thickness exceeding 9mm Boards Fiber board of density =<0.35/cm 3 not worked or surface Furniture Fibre board of a density Of a density exceeding 0.8g /cm 3 Furniture Densified wood in blocks, plates, strips or profile shape Furniture Newsprint, in rolls sheets exercise books and counter books Newsprint, in rolls or sheets Newspaper and other paper publications, exercise books, stationary, and printing Newsprint in rolls or sheets weighing more than 42 gsm, Newspaper and other paper publications, exercise books, printed materials, manufacture of exercise books Other paper and paper board not containing fibers Labels, boxes and similar packing materials, newspaper and other paper publications, exercise books and other stationary, printed materials Other uncoated papers and paper board of a kind used for writing, printing, or other graphic purpose, weighting 40g/m 2 not more than 150g/m 2 Printed material, exercise books and other stationary, labels, boxes and similar packing materials stationary, and printing Manila and hard boards Manufacture of exercise books Other paper and paper board Weighing more than 150g/m 2, Other paper and paperboard weighing more than Stationary, and Printing, Exercise books and counter books, General printing, Page 89

109 S/N HS CODE DESCRIPTION OF RAW MATERIAL EXPECTED FINISHED PRODUCT 150g/m Toilet similar paper, in rolls or sheets Toilet paper and Soft tissue Kraft paper, Unbleached kraftliner, uncoated, in rolls or sheets Manufacture of exercise books, packing boxes, foam mattresses, packaging materials - cartons and boxes, exercise books stationery Kraftliner, uncoated (excl. unbleached), in rolls or sheet Packaging materials - cartons and boxes, Corrugated boxes and cartons, Exercise books, other stationery and printed materials, Tooth brush, Foam Mattresses Bleached Kraftliner, Other uncoated craft paper and Exercise books and counter books paperboard Unbleached sack kraft paper, uncoated, in rolls or sheets Exercise books, other stationery and printed materials, stationery, packaging materials - cartons and boxes Bleached sack Kraftliner Packaging materials - cartons and boxes, Printed & Packing materials Bleached Kraft paper and paperboard. unbleached), weighing =<150g/m Bleached kraft paper and paperboard weighing more than 150g/m 2 but <225g/m 2 Packaging materials - cartons and boxes, stationery, exercise books, stationary and printing, packaging materials/printed materials Stationery, toilet paper, packaging materials/printed materials Other unbleached kraft paper and paperboard Paper and paperboards Bleached uniformly throughout mass Paper and paperboards Other kraft paper and paper board weighing Paper and paperboards Semi-chemical fluting paper Packaging materials - cartons and boxes Composite paper and paperboard Exercise books, stationary and printing Corrugated paper and paperboard, in rolls or sheets Wrapping for bicycles, Corrugated boxes and cartons Kraft paper, creped or crinkled, (excl. sack), in rolls Toilet paper and Soft tissue, Corrugated boxes and cartons Other paper and paperboard, corrugated, Paper and paperboards Self-copy paper, in rolls or sheets Labels, boxes and similar packing materials, computer stationary, printed materials Paper and paperboard In rolls Exercise books stationery Coated boards, metallic paper (other) Manufacture of exercise books, packing material, printed materials, labels, boxes and similar packing materials Multi-ply paper and paperboard Paper and paperboards Other self-adhesive gummed or adhesive paper and Printed materials paperboard Gummed or adhesive paper and paper board (tetra pack),other gummed and adhesive paper and paperboard Juices, exercise books, other stationery and printed materials, packaging materials/ labelled materials Other paper and paperboard coated, Paper and paperboards Other paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding and webs of Cigarettes, packaging materials cellulose fibers Skillets, free hinge lid packets Sacks and bags Other folding cartons, boxes and cases, of Cartons and boxes Other paper or paper board labels of all kinds. Labeled materials Straw wrappers Packaging materials Plain weave, weighing not more than 100g/m 2, Cotton sewing thread containing 85% or more, Unbleached plain cotton weave, with >=85% Threads Page 90

110 S/N HS CODE DESCRIPTION OF RAW MATERIAL EXPECTED FINISHED PRODUCT Plain weave, weighing more than 100g/m 2 Threads High tenacity yarn of nylon or other polyamides Polypropylene sacks and ropes, Fishing nets Other Packaging materials Of polyesters,textured yarn of polyesters Polypropylene sacks and bags Multiple or cabled yarn and Other multiple Polypropylene sacks and bags synthetic monofilament Garments Sewing thread of artificial staple fibers Polypropylene sacks and bags Single yarn, with >=85% staple fibers of nylon or others Blankets Multiple or cabled yarn, >=85% acrylic or Sacks and bags Multiple or cabled yarn Blankets Of polyesters staple fibers, plain weave Sacks and bags Non woven fabrics weighing >25g/m 2 but< 70g/m 2 sacks and bags Twine, cordage, rope and cables, of synthetic fibers, Fishing nets Textile fabrics impregnated Exercise books, other stationery and printed materials Textiles Fabrics impregnated with polyurethane Transformers Textile fabrics impregnated with plastics Transformers Textile fabrics otherwise impregnated, Transformers Textile fabrics, felt and felt lined woven Transformers Counter Materials Hair Looped pile fabrics of manmade fibers, knitted or crochet Gum boots Uppers and parts thereof (excl. stiffeners) Safety shoes and leather gloves Outer soles and heels of rubber or plastics Shoes, Safety shoes and leather gloves Non-wood parts of footwear, Footwear of other materials, Slippers Non-wood parts of footwear (excl. uppers, outer soles Brake linings and pads Brake linings and pads Containing asbestos Brake linings and pads Brake linings and pads Brake linings and pads Coils of iron of a thickness of 0.5 mm or more Pipe, angles, hollow sections and plates Coils of iron of a thickness of less than 0.5 mm Galvanised sheets, Karai's, Wash basins, Roofing sheets Flat/cold-rolled iron/steel, in coils, width Rolled iron/steel Flat rolled products of thickness of 3mm or more Factory Spare Parts Flat rolled iron/steel, width>=600mm, zinc Rolled iron/steel Non corrugated flat rolled products of iron or non alloyed Roofing sheets, metal containers, steel corrugated roofing sheets Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel plated or Roofing Sheets coated with aluminum-zinc alloys Rolled iron/steel, >=600mm wide, painted, varnished or Roofing sheets plated Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of Roofing less than 600 mm, not clad, plated or coated; Not further worked than cold-rolled (cold-reduced) Containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon Angles, shapes and sections, not further worked than coldformed Aluminum products or cold-finished Sheet piling of iron or steel Steel Bale strapping metal and stitching wire, plaited bands, Cables and ropes slings Wire of refined copper, maximum Cables Copper wire and plates of refined copper(other),wire of Metal containers, Packaging Materials refined copper, maximum Galvanised steel wire of copper alloys (other), Wire of Cables copper alloy Bars, rods and profiles of aluminum, not alloyed Aluminium products, aluminum casements, Page 91

111 S/N HS CODE DESCRIPTION OF RAW MATERIAL EXPECTED FINISHED PRODUCT electrical cables and conductors Hallow profiles of aluminum alloys Aluminium products Rod of aluminum alloys, Wire of aluminium alloys, Aluminum products maximum and others of aluminum alloys Plates, sheets and strip, of a thickness exceeding 0.2 mm, Aluminum products rectangular (including square) of aluminum, not alloyed Unprinted aluminum foil. Wrapping material Cables of aluminium, with steel core, not Cables Hooks, eyes and eyelets of base metal Clasps Tubular or bifurcated rivets of base metal Clasps and hooks Scrap batteries for extraction of lead Manufacture of batteries Source: EAC Secretariat and EAC website Page 92

112 ANNEX 5: EAS of the most traded products within the Partner States that need to be Reviewed or Developed No. Product Number and Title of the EAC standard Proposed actions on EAC standards Review Develop 1. Cement EAS 18-1:2001. Cement Part 1: Composition, specification and conformity criteria for common cement EAS 73:2000, Building limes (Quicklime and Hydrated Lime) Specification 2. Tea EAS 28:2000. Black tea specifications 3. Petroleum oils and EAS 159:2000. Engine oil specification related products EAS 158:2000, Gasoline (petrol) unleaded Specification No available EAC standards for Aviation Spirit No available EAC standards for Illuminating Kerosene (IK) specification No available EAC standards for Gas oil or diesel oil specification No available EAC standards for Lubricating greases specification EAS 699-1:2008, Petroleum products Fuels (class F) classification Part 1: Categories of marine fuels Petroleum products Fuels (class F) Classification Part 2: Categories of gas turbine fuels for industrial and marine applications EAS 699-2:2008 Petroleum products Fuels (class F) Classification Part 3: Family L (Liquefied petroleum gases) EAS 699-3:2008 Petroleum products Fuels (class F) Classification Part 99: General EAS : Paper and paperboards 5. Iron, steel and its products Petroleum products Fuels (class F) Specifications of marine fuels EAS 700:2008 EAS 271:2001. Paper and board Folders and files Sizes specification EAS 270:2001. Paper Untrimmed sizes Designation and tolerances for primary and supplementary ranges, and indication of machine direction EAS 269:2001. Writing paper and certain classes of printed matter Trimmed sizes A and B series EAS 355:2004. Toilet paper Specification EAS 30:2000. Steel bars for reinforcement of concrete Specification EAS 108:2008. Steel sheet and strip, heavy thickness coils, carbon, hot-rolled Specification EAS 134:1999. Cold rolled steel sections Specification EAS 135:1999. Steel wire products for fencing Specification EAS 509:2008. Zinc-coated steel wires for stranded conductors EAS 468:2008. Pre-painted metal coated steel sheets and coils Specification EAS 415:2005. Hot-rolled steel sheet of high yield stress structural quality EAS 414:2005. Cold-reduced steel sheet of structural quality EAS 133:1999, Steel nails Specification EAS 412-3:2005. Steel for the reinforcement of concrete Part 3: Welded fabric EAS 412-2:2005. Steel for the reinforcement of concrete Page 93

113 No. Product Number and Title of the EAC standard Proposed actions on EAC standards Review Develop Part 2: Ribbed bars EAS 412-1:2005. Steel for the reinforcement of concrete Part 1: Plain bars EAS 412-5:2005. Steel for the prestressing of concrete Part 5: Hot-rolled steel bars with or without subsequent processing EAS 11:2008, Galvanized plain and corrugated iron sheets Specification (2nd Edition) EAS 410:2005, Hot-dip aluminum-zinc coated plain and 6. Plastics and articles thereof corrugated steel sheets Specification EAS 481:2008, Plastic carrier bags Specification EAS 182-1:2007, Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (upvc) pipes for cold water services Specification Part 1: General requirements EAS 182-2:2007, Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (upvc) pipes for cold water services Specification Part 2: Normal diameters, wall thickness and nominal pressure (metric series) EAS 354:2004, Plastic containers for up to 5 litres capacity Specification 7. Sugar confectionery EAS 350:2004, Hard-boiled sugar confectionery Specification 8. Containers, bottles, flasks, ampoules, Caps, capsules stoppers and lids No available EAC standards 9. Edible fats and oils EAS 321: 2002, Edible Fats and Oils (General) - Specifications 10. Ropes No available EAC standards 11. Beer and other EAS 61:2000, Opaque Beer and other fermented productss fermented products Specification EAS 63:2000, Beer and other fermented products Specification 12. Tobacco and tobacco EAS 110:2005, Cigarettes Specification, 2 nd Edition products 13. Soap and detergents EAS 31:2000, Laundry soap Specification EAS 186:2000, Toilet soap Specification EAS 127:1999, Powdered laundry detergents for household use Specification EAS 296:2002, Liquid household hand dishwashing and light duty detergent Specification EAS 383:2005, Synthetic organic liquid detergent for household use Specification EAS 294:2002, Scouring powders Specification EAS 295:2002, Sodium hypochlorite solutions for domestic use Specification 14. Edible Salt EAS 35:2000, Edible salt Specification No available EAC standards 15. Furnishing articles 16. Table, kitchen, household and sanitary articles No available EAC standards 17. Motor vehicles No available EAC standards 18. Oil-cake EAS 287:2002, Oil-seed cakes for compounding livestock feeds Specification 19. Insecticides, rodenticides and similar products No available EAC standards 20. Rice EAS 128:1999, Milled rice Specification 21. Headgears No available EAC standards Page 94

114 No. Product Number and Title of the EAC standard Proposed actions on EAC standards Review Develop 22. Electrical energy No available EAC standards 23. Maize (Corn) EAS 2:2005, Maize (grains) Specification EAS 44:2000, Milled whole maize-meal and maize products Specification 24. Footwear No available EAC standards 25. Dairy and dairy EAS 27:2007, UHT milk Specification products EAS 33:2007, Yoghurt Specification EAS 49:2007, Dried whole milk and skimmed milk powder Specification EAS 67:2007, Raw cow milk Specification EAS 69:2007, Pasteurized milk Specification EAS 70:2007, Dairy milk ices and dairy ice creams Specification EAS 78:2000, Milk based baby food Specification EAS 87:2007, Sweetened condensed milk Specification EAS 22:2007, Butter Specification 26. Margarine EAS 14:2000, Margarine Specification 27. Sugar EAS 5:2000, Refined white sugar Specification EAS 8:2000, Raw sugar Specification EAS 16:2000, Plantation (mill) white sugar Specification 28. Neutral Spirit EAS 144:2000, Neural Spirit - Specifications Insulated wire, cable optical fiber cables EAS 506-1:2008, Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages from 1 kv (Um = 1.2 kv) up to 30 kv (Um = 36 kv) Part 1: Cables for rated voltages of 1 kv (Um = 1.2 kv) and 3 kv (Um= 3.6 kv) EAS 503-1:2008, Rubber insulated cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V Part 1: General requirements EAS 137-1:2000, PVC insulations and sheaths of electric cables and cords Specification Part 1: Physical and electrical requirements EAS 137-2:2000, PVC insulations and sheaths of electric cables and cords Part 2: Methods of measurement of thickness and overall dimensions and determination of the mechanical properties EAS 137-3:2000, PVC insulations and sheaths of electric cables and cords Specification, Part 3: Thermal-ageing methods EAS 137-4: 2000, PVC insulations and sheaths of electric cables and cords Specification Part 4: Loss of mass and thermal stability test EAS 498-2:2008, Low-frequency cables and wires with PVC insulation and PVC sheath Part 3: Equipment wires with solid or stranded conductor wires, PVC insulated, in singles, pairs and triples EAS 498-1:2008, Low-frequency cables and wires with PVC insulation and PVC sheath Part 1: General test and measuring methods EAS 498-3:2008, Low-frequency cables and wires with PVC insulation and PVC sheath Part 3: Equipment wires with solid or stranded conductor wires, PVC insulated, in singles, pairs and triples EAS 114:1999, PVC-Insulated cables (non-armoured) for electrical power and lighting Specification EAS 116:1999, Copper conductors in insulated cables Specification Page 95

115 No. Product Number and Title of the EAC standard Proposed actions on EAC standards Review Develop EAS 117:1999, Insulated flexible cables Specification 31. Dried shelled leguminous vegetables EAS 499-3:2008, Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V Part 3: Non-sheathed cables for fixed wiring EAS 504:2008, Standard colours for insulation for low-frequency cables and wires EAS 375-5:2005, Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies Part 5: Particular requirements for assemblies intended to be installed outdoors in public places Cable distribution cabinets (CDCS) for power distribution in networks. EAS 57:2000, Groundnuts (peanuts) Specification EAS 46:2000, Dry beans for human consumption Specification No available EAC standards Peas Specification 32. Primary cells and EAS 3-1:1998, Primary batteries Part 1: General requirements primary batteries EAS 3-2:1998, Primary batteries Specification Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications 33. Sacks and bags EAS 221:2001, Woven bags (100 % sisal) for clean coffee beans Specification EAS 481:2008, Plastic carrier bags Specification EAS 156-3:2000, Part 3:Woven bags for sugar Woven bags from natural fibres Specification EAS 156-2:2000, Woven bags from natural fibres Specification Part 2: Woven bags for milled products EAS 156-1:2000, Woven bags from natural fibres Specification Part 1: Woven bags for cereals 34. New pneumatic EAS 359:2004, Pneumatic tyres for light trucks Specification tyres, of rubber EAS 357:2004, Pneumatic tyres for trucks and buses Specification EAS 448:2007, Valves for tubeless tyres and valves for tubes Identification system for valves and their components EAS 358:2004,Pneumatic tyres for passenger cars Specification EAS 360:2004, Pneumatic tyres for agricultural implements Specification EAS 359:2004, Pneumatic tyres for light trucks Specification 35. Brans, sharps (flour) No available EAC standards and other residues, 36. Blankets and No available EAC standards travelling rugs 37. Coffee EAS 130:1999, Green coffee beans Specification Roasted EAS 105:1999, Coffee beans and roasted ground coffee Specification; 38. Carbonates; No available EAC standards peroxocabonates commercial ammonium carbonate 39. Malt No available EAC standards 40. Cosmetics and EAS 64:2000, Groundnut (peanut) oil for cosmetic industry related products Specification EAS 65:2000, Coconut oil for cosmetic industry Specification Page 96

116 No. Product Number and Title of the EAC standard Proposed actions on EAC standards Review Develop EAS 126:1999, Pure petroleum jelly for cosmetics industry Specification EAS 86:2000, Sesame (simsim) oil for cosmetic industry Specification EAS 425:2005, Skin powders Specification Part 2: Baby powders EAS 337:2004, Henna powder Specification 41. Meat and meat EAS 84-1:2000, Meat grades and meat cuts Specification products EAS 26:2000, Canned corned beef Specification 42. Cobalt ores and No available EAC standards concentrates 43. Cocoa beans No available EAC standards 44. Coconuts, brazil nuts No available EAC standards and cashew nuts, 45. Cotton EAS 155-1:2000, Cotton yarns Specification Part 1:Grading by appearance EAS 224:2001, Cotton khanga Specification EAS 225-1:2001, Umbrella fabrics Specification Part 1: Cotton fabrics EAS 227:2001, Knitted cotton fabric Specification EAS 228:2001, Cotton bed sheets Specification 46. Fresh cut flowers EAS 286:2002, Cut flowers and Cut foliage Part 1: Fresh cut flowers Specification 47. Electric water and No available EAC standards space heaters, hairdressing apparatus and irons 48. Electrical EAS :2005 Power transformers Specification Part 10: transformers, static converters and inductors Determination of sound levels 49. Fish EAS 97:1999, Fish-meal Specification 50. Fruits, vegetables and derived products No available EAC standards for fresh fish EAS 91:2000, Passion fruit Specification EAS 6:2000, pineapples Specification; Fresh EAS 50:2000 pineapples Specification; Canned EAS 76:2000, Tomato products Specification EAS 66-1:2000, Tomato products Specification Part 1: Canned tomato EAS 66-2:2000, Tomato products Specification Part 2: Tomato juice EAS 66-3:2000, Tomato products Specification Part 3: Tomato concentrates (puree and paste) EAS 66-4:2000, Tomato products Specification Part 4: Highly seasoned tomato products (sauce and ketchup) EAS 83:2000, tomatoes Specification; Fresh EAS 77-2:2000, Soft fruit juice Specification Part 2: Comminuted soft fruit drinks EAS 77-1:2000, Soft fruit juice Specification Part 1: Soft fruit juice drinks EAS 29:2000, soft drinks Specification; Carbonated and uncarbonated (beverage) EAS 10:2000, Pineapple juice preserved exclusively by physical Page 97

117 No. Product Number and Title of the EAC standard Proposed actions on EAC standards Review Develop means Specification EAS 47:2000, papaya Specification; Fresh EAS 185:2000, Papain Specification EAS 37:2000, Orange juice preserved exclusively by physical means Specification EAS 329:2002, Mangoes Specification; Fresh EAS 52:2000, Mango juice preserved exclusively by physical means Specification EAS 175:2002, Black current juice (preserved exclusively by physical means) Specification EAS 174:2000, Black currant concentrate (preserved exclusively by physical means) Specification; Concentrated 51. Gold No available EAC standards 52. Manganese ores and No available EAC standards concentrates 53. Molybdenum ores No available EAC standards and concentrates 54. Niobium, tantalum, No available EAC standards vanadium or zirconium ores and concentrates 55. Precious metal ores No available EAC standards and concentrates 56. Precious stones, No available EAC standards 57. Radiocommunication/televi No available EAC standards sion transmission apparatus 58. Raw hides and skins No available EAC standards 59. Tin ores and No available EAC standards concentrates 60. Tungsten ores and No available EAC standards concentrates 61. Wheat grains or EAS 1:2000, Wheat flour Specification wheat flour EAS 51:2000, Wheat grain Specification; Grades of 62. Mineral or chemical No available EAC standards fertilizer, nitrogenous 63. Waters (mineral EAS 12:2000, Drinking (potable) water Specification waters and aerated EAS 13:2000, Containerized mineral water Specification waters); EAS 123:1999, Distilled water Specification EAS 153:2000, Bottled drinking water Specification 64. Tubes, Pipes, hoses EAS 182-1:2007, Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (upvc) pipes for and fittings cold-water services Part 1: General requirements EAS 419:2005, Concrete pipes and fittings, unreinforced, steel fibre and reinforced EAS 426-1:2006, Concrete pipes and ancillary concrete products Part 1: Specification for unreinforced and reinforced concrete pipes(including jacking pipes) and fittings with flexible joints EAS 204-1:2001, Metallic conduits and fittings for electrical installations Specification Part 1: Conduits EAS 204-2:2001, Metallic conduits and fittings for electrical installation Specification Part 2:Fittings 65. Ferrous waste and scrap; remelting No available EAC standards Page 98

118 No. Product Number and Title of the EAC standard Proposed actions on EAC standards Review Develop scrap ingots of iron or steel 66. Paints and vanishes EAS 289:2002, Aluminium pigments for paints Specification EAS 184: 2001, Emulsion paints Specification 67. Fishing equipments No available EAC standards 68. Millet and other EAS 89:2000, Millet flour Specification related cereals EAS 284:2002, Pearl millet grains Specification EAS 283:2002, Finger millet flour Specification 69. Prepared unrecorded media for sound or similar EAS 284:2002, Pearl millet grains Specification No available EAC standards 70. Limestone flux No available EAC standards 71. Live plants, cuttings and slips, mushroom spawn No available EAC standards 72. Motor vehicles spare parts 73. Automatic data processing machines magnetic readers 74. Surveying, hydrographic, oceanographic instruments /appliance No available EAC standards No available EAC standards No available EAC standards 75. Confectionary EAS 43:2000, Bread Specification 76. Beddings, mattresses EAS 7:2000, Flexible polyurethane foam Specification and related products 77. Polyethers and epoxide resins; polyesters No available EAC standards 78. Pens, pencils and EAS 343:2004, Ballpoint pens Specification Part 1: General related products use No available EAC standards for Pencils 79. Agricultural No available EAC standards machinery 80. Industrial or No available EAC standards laboratory furnaces and ovens including incinerators 81. Baths, shower baths No available EAC standards 82. Machines for assembling electric lamps, tubes hot working glassware No available EAC standards 83. Aluminum plates, sheets and strip 84. Seeds, fruits and spore, for planting No available EAC standards No available EAC standards 85. Maize seeds for planting EAC Maize seeds for planting- Specifications 86. Non-Domestic heating cooling No available EAC standards Page 99

119 No. Product Number and Title of the EAC standard Proposed actions on EAC standards Review Develop equipment 87. Fresh or dried roots No available EAC standards and tubers 88. Machinery for sorting No available EAC standards and agglomerating 89. Polymers of ethylene, No available EAC standards in primary forms 90. Poultry No available EAC standards 91. Portable electric No available EAC standards lamps 92. Rubber No available EAC standards 93. Machine tools for No available EAC standards drilling, boring, milling 94. Zinc waste and scrap No available EAC standards 95. Air/vacuum pumps, No available EAC standards air/gas compressors and fans; hoods with 96. Electrical apparatus No available EAC standards for line telephony or line telegraphy 97. Electric motors and No available EAC standards generators (excluding generating sets). 98. Organic Products EAS 456:2007, East African Organic Products Standard Source: EAC Catalouge and EAC Website Page 100

120 ANNEX 6: National Compulsory (Technical Regulations) Existing In Each EAC Partner State 6.1 Rwanda Compulsory List Of Rwanda Compulsory No. REFERENCE NUMBER TITLE 1. RS CODEX STAN General standard for the labeling of pre-packaged foods 2. RS CODEX STAN General standard for the labeling of food additive when sold as such 3. RS CODEX STAN General standard for the labeling of and claims for pre-packages foods for special dietary uses 4. RS CAP/GL General guidelines on claims 5. RS CAC/GL Guidelines on nutrition labeling 6. RS CAP/GL Guidelines for use of nutrition claims 7. RS CAP/RCP Code of Practice for food hygiene 8. RS 1:2003 Specification for natural mineral water 9. RS 2:2003 Specification for packaged/bottled drinking water (other than packaged natural mineral water) 10. RS 4:2004 Specification for neutral spirit for manufacture of alcoholic beverages 11. RS 5:2004 Specification for Gins 12. RS 6: 2004 Specification for Brandy 13. RS 7:2004 Specification for Whisky 14. RS 8:2004 Specification for Rum 15. RS 9:2004 Specification for Vodka 16. RS 10:2004 Specification for still table wines 17. RS 11:2004 Specification for sparkling wines 18. RS 12:2004 Specification for fortified wines 19. RS 16:2004 Standard Specification for beer 20. RS 17:2004 Specification for carbonated and non-carbonated beverages 21. RS 18:2004 Specification for glucose based energy drinks 22. RS 19:2004 Specification fruit-based soft drinks part 1 and RS 20:2004 Specification for cereal based alcoholic beverages 24. RS 21:2004 Specification for passion fruit juice preserved exclusively by physical means 25. RS 22:2004 Specification for mango juice preserved exclusively by physical means 26. RS 24:2004 Specification for sorghum grains 27. RS 25:2004 Specification for maize grains 28. RS 26:2004 Specification for wheat grains 29. RS 27:2004 Specification for milled rice 30. RS 28:2004 Specification for whole maize meal 31. RS 29:2004 Specification for edible maize starch 32. RS 30:2004 Specification for sorghum flour 33. RS 31:2004 Specification for whole wheat flour 34. RS 37:2004 Specification for black tea 35. RS 39:2004 Specification for roasted coffee beans and roasted ground coffee 36. RS 40:2004 Specification for instant (soluble) coffee 37. RS 41:2004 Specification for unprocessed whole milk 38. RS 42:2004 Specification for pasteurized liquid milk 39. RS 43:2004 Specification for fermented (cultured) milk 40. RS 44:2004 Specification for UHT milk 41. RS 45:2004 Specification for milk powered and cream powders 42. RS CODEX STAN Standard specification for edible oils and fats 43. RS CODEX STAN Standard for named animal fats 44. RS 50-1 : 2004 Cement, part 1: composition, specification and conformity criteria 45. RS 51:2004 Specification for aggregate from natural resources for use in concrete 46. RS 53:2004 Specification for concrete 47. RS 54:2004 Specification for sausage, part 1 Page 101

121 List Of Rwanda Compulsory No. REFERENCE NUMBER TITLE 48. RS 55:2004 Specification for canned corned beef 49. RS 57:2005 Specification for dressed poultry 50. RS 58:2005 Specification for fresh tomato sauce 51. RS 60:2005 Specification for yoghurt 52. RS 61:2005 Specification for cheese 53. RS 62:2005 Specification for butter 54. RS 64:2005 Specification for toothpaste 55. RS 66:2005 Specification for cosmetic cream, lotions and gels for skin care 56. RS 67:2005 Specification for canned fish in tomato sauce, part RS 68:2005 Specification for soya bean 58. RS 69:2005 Specification for processed cereals based foods for infants and children 59. RS 70: 2005 Specification for breakfast cereals flaked cereals 60. RS 71:2005 Specification for bread 61. RS ISO 884-1:1994 Specification for tea sacks, part RS ISO 10470:2004 Green coffee defect reference chart 63. RS IEC : Primary batteries part 1 : general 64. RS IEC : Primary batteries part 2 : physical and electrical specifications 65. RS 56:2005 Code of practice for handling, processing, and distribution of fish 66. RS 59:2005 Specification for fin fish 67. RS CAC/RCP:1993 Ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection of slaughter animals and for ante-mortem and post mortem judgment of slaughter animals and meat Source: Rwanda Catalouge and EAC Website 6.2 Tanzania Compulsory TANZANIA COMPULSORY STANDARDS AS OF 2012 No. Standard Number Title 1. TZS 7 (Part 1):1979(E) Aluminium conductors and aluminium conductors steel reinforced for overhead power transmission All aluminium stranded conductors (AAC) Specification 2. TZS 7 (Part 2): 1979(E) Aluminium conductors and aluminium conductors steel reinforced for overhead power transmission Aluminium conductors, galvanized steel reinforced (ACSR) Specification 3. TZS 8: 1979(E) Reels and drums for bare wires Specification 4. TZS 11: 1979(E) Steel Cold drawn mild steel wire for general engineering purposes Specification 5. TZS 15: 2009 (E) Steel Determination of phosphorus by alkalimetric method 6. TZS 16: 1979(E) Steel Clout or slate nail Specification 7. TZS 17: 1979(E) Steel Spring head twisted shank nail Specification 8. TZS 18: 2009 (E) Steel Panel pins Specification 9. TZS 19: 2009 (E) Steel Round plain head nails Specification 10. TZS 28: 2002(E) Compounded poultry feeds Specification 11. TZS 30:1979(E) Black pepper and white pepper (whole and ground) 12. TZS 31: 2010(E) Chilies and capsicums (whole and ground) 13. TZS 36: 2001(E) Soap Laundry Specification 14. TZS 37: 2001(E) Soap Toilet Specification 15. TZS 38: 1979(E) Soap Laundry powder Specification 16. TZS 39: 2012 (E) Synthetic detergents (powder) for household use Specification 17. TZS 45: 2010(E) Curry powder Specification 18. TZS 46: 2010(E) Turmeric whole and ground Specification 19. TZS 47:1979(E) Ginger Whole in pieces and ground Specification 20. TZS 48: 2010 Margarine Specification 21. TZS 49: 2010(E) Groundnut oil Specification 22. TZS 50: 2011(E) Sunflower seed oil Specification 23. TZS 51: 2010 Sesame seed oil Specification Page 102

122 TANZANIA COMPULSORY STANDARDS AS OF 2012 No. Standard Number Title 24. TZS 52: 2010 Coconut oil Specification 25. TZS 53: 2010(E) Cotton seed oil Specification 26. TZS 55: 1979(E) Edible tallow Specification 27. TZS 56: 2003 (E) Beer Specification 28. TZS 57: 1999(E) Safety matches in boxes Specification 29. TZS 58 (Part 2): 1980(E) Natural aggregates for concrete Specification 30. TZS 59: 1980(E) Water distilled quality Specification 31. TZS 60: 1979(E) Mosquito coils Specification 32. TZS 61 (Part-1): 1979(E) and products General requirements for aerosol containers Specification Aerosols Containers 33. TZS 61 (Part-2): 1979(E) Aerosols Containers and products Household aerosols against flying insects Specification 34. TZS 66: 1980(E) Folders and files Specification 35. TZS 67: 1980(E) Correspondence envelopes Specification 36. TZS 68: 1980(E) School chalks Moulded White Specification 37. TZS 69: 2009 (E) School exercise books and papers Specification 38. TZS 71: 1980(E) Ball point pen ink Specification 39. TZS 72: 2002 (E) Tooth paste Specification 40. TZS 73: 1980(E) Tooth brushes Specification 41. TZS 74: 1980(E) Sulphuric acid Specification 42. TZS 75: 1980(E) Water for lead acid batteries Specification 43. TZS 87: 1983(E) Processed tomato concentrates Specification 44. TZS 88: 2011 (E) Raw sugar Specification 45. TZS 100: 2011 (E) Plantation white sugar Specification 46. TZS 101: 2011 (E) Refined sugar Specification 47. TZS 102: 2012(E) Specification for bread 48. TZS 103: 2010 (E) Refined soya bean oil Specification 49. TZS 104: 1982(E) Aluminium PVC insulated conductors for overhead power service lines - Specification 50. TZS 106: 1982(E) Electric cables Flame -retardant characteristics-specification 51. TZS 107: 1982(E) PVC Insulated cables (Non-Armoured) for electrical power and lighting Specification 52. TZS 108: 2002 (E) Electric cables Flexible cords rated up to 300/500 V, for use with appliances and equipment intended for domestic, office and similar environments 53. TZS 115: 1999 (E) Permissible food additives and levels of use Schedule 54. TZS 128: 1981(E) Meat and meat products Canned microbiological Specification 55. TZS 132: 1996 (E) Edible common salt Specification 56. TZS 135: 1983(E) Hard boiled sugar confectionery Specification 57. TZS 136: 1983(E) Biscuits Specification 58. TZS 142: 2006 (E) Hot rolled steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete Specification 59. TZS 143 (Part 1): 2010(E) Primary batteries- General-Specification 60. TZS 143 (Part 2): 2001(E) Primary batteries Sheets- Specification 61. TZS 144(Part 1): 2011(E) Lead acid starter batteries - General requirements and methods of test 62. TZS 144 (Part2): 2011 (E) Lead acid starter batteries -Dimensions of batteries and marking of terminals 63. TZS 144 (Part 3): 2011(E) Lead acid starter batteries -Dimensions of batteries for heavy commercial vehicles 64. TZS 152: 1982(E) Steel tubes Mild steel tubes and sockets screwed 65. TZS 153: 1982(E) Pipe threads Specification 66. TZS 154: 1982(E) Steel tubes for structural purposes Specification 67. TZS 157: 1983(E) Triple super phosphate Specifications 68. TZS 158: 1983(E) Ammonium sulphate fertilizer grade Specification 69. TZS 159: 2006 (E) Fertilizers Methods of sampling 70. TZS 160: 1983(E) Tomato sauce and ketchup Specification 71. TZS 161: 1983(E) Tanzania chili sauce Specification 72. TZS 162: 1983(E) Jams, jellies and marmalade Specification 73. TZS 164: 1999 (E) Textiles Cotton vitenge Specification Page 103

123 TANZANIA COMPULSORY STANDARDS AS OF 2012 No. Standard Number Title 74. TZS 165: 1999 (E) Textiles Cotton khanga Specification 75. TZS 172: 2009 (E) Hexagon head bolts Product grades A & B 76. TZS 173: 2009(E) Hexagon head bolts Product grade C 77. TZS 174: 2009(E) Hexagon nuts, style 1 Product grades A & B 78. TZS 175: 2009(E) Hexagon nuts, style 2 Product grade A & B 79. TZS 176: 2009(E) Hexagon nuts product grade C 80. TZS 180:1983(E) Processed cereal based weaning foods Specification 81. TZS 181:1983(E) Infants and children foods Microbiological Specification 82. TZS 182: 1983(E) Subsistence milk production Code of hygiene 83. TZS 185: 1983(E) Milk and milk products Microbiological Specification 84. TZS 187: 1983(E) Infant formula Specification 85. TZS 213: 1984(E) Textiles Bed sheets Specification 86. TZS 214: 2012(E) Textiles Hospital cotton bed sheets Specification 87. TZS 215: 2012 (E) Textiles Hospital woolen blankets Specification 88. TZS 216: 1984(E) Gaseous carbon dioxide (technical grade) Specification 89. TZS 217: 1984(E) Gaseous oxygen (technical grade) Specification 90. TZS 218: 1984(E) Gaseous nitrogen (technical grade) Specification 91. TZS 219: 1984(E) Sodium silicate for industrial use Specification 92. TZS 220: 1984(E) Soap Liquid Specification 93. TZS 221: 1984(E) Soap Carbolic Specification 94. TZS 222: 1984(E) Soap Soft Specification 95. TZS 223: 1984(E) Detergent Synthetic Industrial use Specification 96. TZS 225: 1984(E) Powders Scouring Specification 97. TZS 228 (Part 1): 1985(E) Enameled copper conductors Polyurethane base with solderable properties Round wire - Specification 98. TZS 229 (Part 1): 1985(E) Enameled copper conductors (modified polyester base) Round wire - Specification 99. TZS 230 (Part 1): 1985(E) Enameled copper conductors Aromatic polyamide Base Round wire- Specification 100. TZS 231 (Part 1): 1985(E) Enameled copper conductors - Polyvinyl acetyl base with high mechanical properties -Round wire- Specification 101. TZS 232: 1984(E) PVC insulated cables for electricity supply - Specification 102. TZS 233 (Part 1): 1984(E), Non Metallic conduits for electrical installation Rigid PVC conduits- Specification 103. TZS 236: 2012 (E) Textiles White open woven bandages Specification 104. TZS 237: 1984(E) Code of practice for safe use of polyethylene in contact with foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and drinking water 105. TZS 238: 1984(E) Road vehicle Leaf springs - Specification 106. TZS 239: 1984(E) Road vehicles Steel based exhaust systems Specification 107. TZS 242: 2011(E) Farm implements Forged hand hoe Specification 108. TZS 243: 1984(E) Farm implements Single furrow animal drawn plough shares Specification 109. TZS 245: 2012(E) Lemon juice Specification 110. TZS 246: 1985(E) Fruit squashes Specification 111. TZS 247: 2012(E) Orange juice Specification 112. TZS 248: 1985(E) Textiles Cotton curtain cloth, bleached, dyed, stripped or checked Specification 113. TZS 251: 1985(E) Standardized and pasteurized cow s milk Specification 114. TZS 252: 1985 (E) Butter Specification 115. TZS 270: 1986(E) Pyrethrum Space spray Specification 116. TZS 271: 2010 (E) Edible palm oil Specification 117. TZS 272: 2010(E) Hardened vegetable fats Specification 118. TZS 273: 1986(E) Blades Safety razor Specification 119. TZS 278: 2012 (E) Textiles Absorbent cotton gauze Specification 120. TZS 279: 2012 (E) Textiles Sanitary towels Specification 121. TZS 283: 2002 (E) Concrete bricks and blocks (masonry units) Specification 122. TZS 284: 1986(E) Three phase distribution transformers 11KV and 33KV Specification Page 104

124 TANZANIA COMPULSORY STANDARDS AS OF 2012 No. Standard Number Title 123. TZS 285: 1986(E) Unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switch gear Specification 124. TZS 300: 2010 (E) Road vehicles Retro Reflective registration plates for motor vehicles and trailers Specification 125. TZS 303: 2012(E) Mango juice Specification 126. TZS 304: 2012(E) Pineapple juice Specification 127. TZS 305: 2012(E) Lime juice Specification 128. TZS 306: 1987(E) Ice cream Specification 129. TZS 307: 1987(E) Yoghurt Specification 130. TZS 313: 2003 (E) Cosmetic creams, lotions and gels for skin care Specification 131. TZS 316: 2002(E) Shampoo, soap based Specification 132. TZS 317: 2002(E) Shampoo, synthetic Detergent base Specification 133. TZS 318 (Part 1): 1999(E) Petroleum jelly -Cosmetic industry Specification 134. TZS 318 (Part 2): 1999(E) Petroleum jelly - Marketed petroleum jelly products ready for use as body ointment Specification 135. TZS 320: 2012 (E) Textiles Absorbent cotton wool for medical use Specification 136. TZS 321: 1988(E) Textiles Woven blended blankets Specification 137. TZS 328: 2012(E) Maize flour Specification 138. TZS 352: 1989(E) Black tea Specification 139. TZS 353: 2012(E) Galvanized plain and corrugated steel sheets Specification 140. TZS 354: 2011(E) Farm implements Straight panga Specification 141. TZS 355-1: 2010 Agricultural wheeled tractors- Rear mounted three- point linkage- Part 1: Categories 1N, 1, 2N, 2, 3N, 3 4N and TZS 357: 2012 (E) Cloves Specification 143. ZS 358: 1987(E) Cardamoms Specification 144. TZS 360: 1996 (E) Domestic mattresses Flexible polyurethane foam Specification 145. TZS 369: 2002(E) Sodium hypochlorite solutions Specification 146. TZS 374 (Part 1): 1988(E) Three Phase induction motors Rating and performance- Specification 147. TZS 374 (Part 2): 1988(E) Three Phase induction motors Dimensions and output ratings - Specification 148. TZS 388: 2012(E) Passion fruit juice Specification 149. TZS 389: 1989(E) Fruit nectars Specification 150. TZS 390:2004 (E) Carbonated soft drinks Specification 151. TZS 391-1: 2010 Agricultural vehicles- Mechanical connections between towed and towing vehicles- Part 1: Dimensions of hitch hooks 152. TZS 392-1: 2010 Agricultural vehicles- Mechanical connections on towed and towing vehicle- Part 1: Dimensions for itch ring 50/30mm cross section 153. TZS 392-2: 2010 Agricultural vehicles- Mechanical connections on towed and towing vehicle- Part 2: Coupling ring 40 with socket 154. TZS 397: 1990(E) Cattle feeds Specification 155. TZS 398: 1990(E) UHT milk Specification 156. TZS 399: 1990(E) Compound pig feeds Specification 157. TZS 402: 1988 (E) Microbiological specification for fish and fish products 158. TZS 407: 1989(E) Tungsten filament lamps for general lighting service Specification 159. TZS 411: 2010(E) Textiles Polyester/cellulose suiting fabrics Specification 160. TZS 414: 2009(E) Instant (soluble) coffee powder Specification 161. TZS 417: 2009(E) Roasted and ground coffee Specification 162. TZS 420: 2010(E) Ballpoint pens with single refill Specification 163. TZS 421:1989(E) Ball point pen refills Specification 164. TZS 427: 1989(E) Tyre reconditioning Specification 165. TZS 433: 2003(E) Pickles Specification 166. TZS 434: 2003(E) Chutneys Specification 167. TZS 437: 1989(E) Wheat grain Specification 168. TZS 438: 2012(E) Maize grain Specification 169. TZS 439: 2010 (E) Wheat flour Specification 170. TZS 443: 1990(E) Cables for motor vehicles Specification 171. TZS 448 (Part 2) 2010 Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Particular requirements 172. TZS 448 (Part 2-1):2010 (E) Safety of household and similar electrical appliances- General Page 105

125 TANZANIA COMPULSORY STANDARDS AS OF 2012 No. Standard Number Title 173. TZS 448 (Part 2-2): 2010(E) Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Cooking ranges, cooking tables, ovens and similar appliances for household use 174. TZS 448 (Part 2-3): 2010(E) Safety of household and similar electrical appliances -Appliances for heating liquids 175. TZS 448 (Part 2-4): 2010(E) Safety of household and similar electrical appliances -Appliances for skin or hair care 176. TZS 448 (Part 2-6): 2010(E) Safety of household and similar electrical appliances -Battery chargers 177. TZS 448 (Part 2-7): 2010(E) Safety of household and similar electrical appliances- Electric fans 178. TZS 449: 1990(E) Cheese Specification 179. TZS 454: 1992(E) Cigarettes Specification 180. TZS 465: 2011(E) Edible cassava chips Specification 181. TZS 466: 2011(E) Edible cassava flour Specification 182. TZS 467: 2012(E) Table wines Specification 183. TZS 468: 2008 (E) Potable spirits Specification 184. TZS 469: 2012(E) Kibuku Specification 185. TZS 473:2010 Household cooking stove- specification for domestics charcoal cooking stove 186. TZS 489: 2010(E) Clay roofing tile and fittings Specification 187. TZS 493: 1992(E) Road vehicles Advance warning triangle to indicate temporary obstruction Specification 188. TZS 508: 1992(E) Tubular fluorescent lamps for general lighting service Specification 189. TZS 527: 1992(E) Fortified wines Specification 190. TZS 537: 1995(E) Fish and fish products Quick frozen prawns or shrimps Specification 191. TZS 538: 1999(E) Packaging and labeling of foods 192. TZS 547: 1995(E) Fish Meal Specification 193. TZS 548: 1995(E) Blood meal Specification 194. TZS 549: 2002 (E) Steamed and calcined bone meal Specification 195. TZS 559: 2010(E) Palm Olein Specification 196. TZS 560: 2010(E) Palm stearin Specification 197. TZS 571: 1997(E) Ghee Specification 198. TZS 572: 1997(E) Toffees Specification 199. TZS 573: 1999(E) Specification for natural mineral water 200. TZS 574: 2008 (E) Packaged/ bottled drinking water Specification 201. TZS 576: 1999(E) Microbiological specification for prawns, shrimps and lobsters 202. TZS 580: 2006 (E) Illuminating kerosene Specification 203. TZS 581:2001(E) Hand dishwashing and light duty detergent (liquid) 204. TZS 582: 2001(E) Solid compound for cleaning toilet bowls Specification 205. TZS 583: 2001(E) Liquid cleanser for toilet bowls and urinals Specification 206. TZS 584: 2003(E) Wafers Specification 207. ZS 585: 2011 (E) Ready to drink beverages (non carbonated) Specification 208. TZS 592: 2012(E) Rice Specification 209. Automotive engineering Bus bodybuilding Part 2: Specification of Bus chassis TZS 598-2: 2010(E) 210. TZS 598-3: 2010 Automotive engineering Bus bodybuilding Part 3: Code of practice for bus body building 211. TZS 605: 2001(E) Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC U pipes for cold potable water) Specification 212. TZS 606: 2001(E) Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U; PVC-hl) pipes Dimensions 213. TZS 611: 1999(E) 13A Socket Outlets switched and unswitched Specification 214. TZS 612: 1999 (E) 13A Fused plugs rewirable and non-rewirable - Specification 215. TZS 613: 1999(E) 13A Fused connection units switched and unswitched Specification 216. TZS 614: 1999(E), Junction boxes for use in electrical installations with rated voltages not exceeding 250V Specification 217. TZS 615:1999(E) Macaroni, spaghetti and vermicelli Specification 218. TZS 616:1999(E) Durum wheat semolina Specification 219. TZS 617: 2010(E) Pneumatic tyres for trucks and buses Specification 220. TZS 618: 1999(E) Pneumatic tyres for passenger cars Specification 221. TZS 623: 2012(E) Textiles Woven sacks for packing cement High density Page 106

126 TANZANIA COMPULSORY STANDARDS AS OF 2012 No. Standard Number Title polyethylene/polypropylene Specification 222. TZS 624: 2004(E) Synthetic organic liquid detergent for household use Specification 223. TZS 626: 2001 Raw milk Specification 224. TZS 627: 2003(E) Cycles pneumatic tyres Specification 225. TZS 628: 2004(E) Cycles rubber tubes for tricycles and bicycles Specification 226. TZS 629: 2001(E) Class 0.5, 1 and 2 alternating Current watthour meter Specification 227. TZS 632: 2012 (E) Textiles - Natural latex rubber condoms Requirements and test methods 228. TZS 638 (Part 2): 2006(E) Code of good manufacturing practice for cosmetic industries for cosmetics -List of substances that must not form part of cosmetic products, Generally Not Recognized As Safe (GNRAS) 229. TZS 638 (Part 4): 2006(E) Code of good manufacturing practice for cosmetic industries for cosmetics- List of raw materials for cosmetic industry Dyes, Pigments and Colour Additives Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) 230. TZS 645: 2001(E) Ice cream cones Specification 231. TZS 647: 2001(E) Engine oil minimum performance Specification 232. TZS 652: 2011 Soil quality- Pretreatment of samples for physic- chemical analysis TZS 656:2001(E) Copper/chromium/ arsenic composition for the preservation of timber - Specification 234. TZS 664: 2003(E) Fruit wine Specification 235. TZS 665: 2003(E) Ready to drink unfermented fruit flavour based alcoholic beverage Specification 236. TZS 666: 2001(E) Aviation turbine Fuel - Jet A-L Specification 237. TZS 667:2001(E) Motor vehicle brake fluids Specification 238. TZS 670: 2001(E) Automotive radiators Materials Specification 239. TZS 671:2001(E) Automotive radiators Test methods 240. TZS 672: 2012 (E) Automotive gasoline (premium motor spirit) Specification 241. TZS 673: 2001(E) Fuel oils Specification 242. TZS 674: 2012 (E) Automotive gas oil (automotive diesel ) Specification 243. TZS 675: 2001(E) Multipurpose automotive gear lubricants (EP) Specification 244. TZS 681: 2002(E) Security systems-cash-in-transit services 245. TZS 682: 2002(E) Security systems Control room / area 246. TZS 683: 2002(E) Aluminium and aluminium alloys Household cooking utensils Specification 247. TZS 684: 2002(E) Aluminium and aluminium alloys Sheet, strip and plate for household utensils Specification 248. TZS 685: 2002(E) Wood preservation by means of pressure creosoting Specification 249. TZS 686: 2011(E) Wood poles and blocks for power and telecommunication lines Specification 250. TZS 688:2009(E) Finger millet flour-specification 251. TZS 696: 2002(E) Textiles Specification for mosquito nets 252. TZS 697: 2003(E) Malt drink Specification 253. TZS 698: 2012(E) Road vehicles Code of practice for inspection and testing of used motor vehicles for road worthiness 254. TZS 699:2009 (E) Super-gloss solvent borne paints for interior and exterior use-specification 255. TZS 721:2008(E) Road marking paints Specification 256. TZS 722: 2008(E) Matt emulsion paints for interior and exterior use Specification 257. TZS 723: 2008(E) Silk (sheen) emulsion paints for interior and exterior use Specification 258. TZS 724: 2011(E), Matt solvent borne paints for interior and exterior use-specification 259. TZS 725 :2004(E) General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories 260. TZS 726:2011(E) Semi-gloss solvent borne paints for interior and exterior use- Specification 261. TZS 727 (Part 1): 2002(E) Cement - Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements 262. TZS 727 (Part 2): 2002(E) Cement - Conformity evaluation 263. TZS 728: 2002(E) Black tea Blended Specification 264. TZS 732: 2008(E) Non-medicinal mouth-rinse/mouthwash preparation Specification 265. TZS 735: 2002 (E) Maize bran for livestock feeds Specification 266. TZS 737: 2002 (E) Ostrich feed Specification 267. TZS 738: 2002(E) Maize gluten Specification 268. TZS 739: 2010(E) Cashew kernels Specification Page 107

127 TANZANIA COMPULSORY STANDARDS AS OF 2012 No. Standard Number Title 269. TZS 740: 2010(E) Groundnuts (peanuts) Specification 270. TZS 741: 2010(E) Simsim (sesame) seeds Specification 271. TZS 742: 2010(E) Oleagenous seeds Sampling and methods of test 272. TZS 743: 2010(E) Paper sacks for cement Specification 273. TZS 744 (Part 1): 2003(E) Packaging Method of specification for sacks -Paper sacks 274. TZS 758: 2003(E) Code of practice for inspection and acceptance criteria for used textile products (mitumba) 275. TZS 764: 2003(E) Brewing barley Specification 276. TZS 765: 2003(E) Sorghum flour Specification 277. TZS 766: 2003(E) Pearl millet grains Specification 278. TZS 771 (Part 1): 2003(E) Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations General requirements 279. TZS 771 (Part 2 1): 2003(E) Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations Particular requirements Electronic switches 280. TZS 771 (Part 2 2):2003(E) Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations Particular requirements Remote control switches (RCS) 281. TZS 771 (Part 2 3): 2003(E) Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations Particular requirements Time delay switches (TDS) 282. TZS 773: 2006(E) Labeling and marking of pharmaceutical products Specification 283. TZS 774: 2003(E) Labeling of cosmetic products Specification 284. TZS 775: 2003(E) Chemical hair relaxers and hair waving products Specification 285. TZS 776: 2003(E) Fertilizer Urea Specification 286. TZS 777: 2003 (E) Fertilizer Calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) Specification 287. TZS 778: 2003 (E) Fertilizer Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) compound Specification 288. TZS 779: 2003(E) Fertilizer Potassium chloride (muriet of potash) Specification 289. TZS 783: 2006(E) Fertilizer Potassium sulphate (sulphate of potash) Specification 290. TZS 784: 2004(E) Sodium hypochlorite solution used for disinfection of water intended for human consumption- Specification 291. TZS 785: 2008(E) Calcium hypochlorite for Disinfection of water intended for human consumption Specification 292. TZS 786: 2004(E) Kerosene lighting appliances for domestic use Specification 293. TZS 787: 2004 (E) Vacuum ware, insulated flasks, jars and jugs Specification 294. TZS 788: 2003(E) Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres Salt spray tests 295. TZS 789: 2008 (E) Drinking (potable) water - Specification 296. TZS 790 (Part 1): 2004(E) Hand pumps- Lever arm hand operated water pumps General requirements 297. TZS 790 (Part 2): 2004(E) Hand pumps- Direct action hand operated water pumps General requirements 298. TZS 791: 2003(E) Road signs Retro-reflective devices for road traffic control purposes Specification 299. TZS 795: 2007(E) Corrugated glossy compound roofing materials Specification 300. TZS 796: 2011(E) Ice cubes for use in food processing and catering industry- Specification 301. TZS 798: 2004(E) Automotive service greases Specification 302. TZS 801: 2004(E) Disinfectants Specification 303. TZS 802: 2004(E) Quaternary ammonium compound disinfectant Specification 304. TZS 805: 2004(E) Textiles Nylon fishnet twine Specification 305. TZS 806: 2004(E) Manhole covers and frames Specification 306. TZS 809: 2004(E) Rubber gloves for electrical purpose - Specification 307. TZS 811:2004 (E) Cosmetics and air freshener aerosols- Specification 308. TZS 812:2004(E) Cosmetic pencils Specification 309. TZS 813:2004 (E) Henna powder- Specification 310. TZS 814:2004(E) Road Vehicles- Taximeters- Specification 311. TZS 815:2004(E) Billboards size and location Specification 312. TZS 818: 2004(E) Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) Specification 313. TZS 819: 2004(E) Oil seed cakes Specification 314. TZS 820: 2004(E) Wheat bran for livestock feeds- Specification 315. TZS 830: 2004(E) Dextrose monohydrate Specification Page 108

128 TANZANIA COMPULSORY STANDARDS AS OF 2012 No. Standard Number Title 316. TZS 831:2011 (E) Tanzania brown sugar Specification 317. TZS 832:2005(E) Textiles Cotton bales Packing and Labeling 318. TZS 835: 2005(E) Textiles Fish-nets Specification 319. TZS 838: 2004(E) Energy drinks- Specification 320. TZS 844:2006(E) Peanut butter Specification 321. TZS 845:2012(E) Air quality Specification 322. TZS 846:2012(E) Tolerance limits of emissions discharged to the air by cement factories 323. TZS 849: 2005(E) Building lime Specification 324. TZS 851:2006(E) Honey Specification 325. TZS 857:2006 (E) Packaging Pictorial marking for handling of goods 326. TZS 858: 2006(E) Packaging Pictorial marking for handling of dangerous goods 327. TZS 860: 2006(E) General tolerance limits for municipal and industrial wastewaters 328. TZS 872:2006(E) Natural rubber inner tubes for motorized vehicles -Specification 329. TZS 874: 2006(E) Pearl millet/ bulbrush flour Specification 330. TZS 875:2006(E) Beans Specifications 331. TZS 877: 2006(E) Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic modules Design qualification and type approval 332. TZS 878: 2006(E) Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic modules Design qualification and type approval 333. TZS 879:2006(E) Liquid toilet soap Specification 334. TZS 880: 2006(E) Chemical depilatory Specification 335. TZS 881:2006 (E) Cologne and perfumes Specification 336. TZS 882:2006(E) Hair creams Specification 337. TZS 883: 2008 (E) Neem herbal soap Specification 338. TZS 884: 2011 Pomades and solid brilliantine s- specification 339. TZS 892 (Part 1): 2007(E) Polyethylene tanks for storage of potable water Specification 340. TZS 893: 2006(E) Fertilizers - Mono ammonium Phosphate and Di Ammonium Phosphate (MAP & DAP) Specification 341. TZS 894:2008 (E) Jatropha herbal soap Specification 342. TZS 905: 2006(E) Cocoa beans Specification 343. TZS 908: 2006 (E) Vehicle systems Specification for central power locking systems for motor vehicles 344. TZS 909: 2006(E) Vehicle systems Specification for locking systems for motor vehicles 345. TZS 913: 2006(E) Textiles Cotton socks Specification 346. TZS 914: 2006(E) Textiles Cotton baby napkins Specifications 347. TZS 922: 2006(E) High -density polyethylene (PE-HD) pipes and fittings for buried drainage and sewerage systems Specification 348. TZS 925 (Part 2):2007(E) Solar photovoltaic power systems test procedures for main components- Installation, maintenance, testing and replacement of batteries 349. TZS 926: 2006(E) Characteristic parameters of stand alone photovoltaic systems 350. TZS 927:2007(E) Plastic carrier bags Specification 351. TZS 944:2007 (E) Laboratory glassware Test tubes Specification 352. TZS 945: 2007(E) Gasoline, aviation: Grade 80/87, 100/130 and 100/130 low lead: Specification (Joint Service Designated: AVDAS 100 and VGAS 100LL) 353. TZS 948: 2007(E) Metal roofing tiles Specification 354. TZS 953 (Part 1): 2007(E) Concrete pipes and ancillary concrete products- Un-reinforced and reinforced concrete pipes (including jacking pipes) and fittings with flexible joints Specification 355. TZS 953 (Part 2): 2008(E) Concrete pipes and ancillary concrete products- Specification for unreinforced and reinforced concrete manhole and soakaways 356. TZS 953(Part 3): 2008(E) Concrete pipes and ancillary concrete products- Specification for unreinforced and reinforced concrete inspection chambers 357. TZS 953(Part 4): 2008(E) Concrete pipes and ancillary concrete products- Specification for pre-stressed non-pressure pipes and fittings with flexible joints 358. TZS 955: 2007 (E) Steel castings General technical delivery requirements 359. TZS 964:2010(E) Edible cassava starch (Native) Specification 360. TZS 972:2007(E) Soil quality Limits for soil contaminants in habitat and agriculture Page 109

129 TANZANIA COMPULSORY STANDARDS AS OF 2012 No. Standard Number Title 361. TZS 983:2007(E) Air quality Vehicular exhaust emissions limits 362. TZS 987:2009(E) Fertilizer-Rock phosphate powder-specification 363. TZS 988: 2009(E) Fertilizer Granulated rock phosphate-specification 364. TZS 990:2009(E) Solid fertilizer-determination of moisture content 365. TZS 993 (Part 1):2008(E) Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use-syringes for manual use 366. TZS 993 (Part 2):2008(E) Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use-syringes for use with power-driven syringe pumps 367. TZS 993 (Part 3): 2008(E) Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use-auto disable syringes for fixed-dose immunization 368. TZS 993(Part 4):2008(E) Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use-syringes with re-use prevention features 369. TZS 998: 2008(E) Citrus fruits Specification 370. TZS 999: 2008(E) Fresh pineapple Specification 371. TZS 1000:2008(E) Tomato Specification 372. TZS 1001: 2008(E) Fresh mango specification 373. TZS 1002:2009(E) Fresh fruits and vegetables-sampling 374. TZS 1003:2009(E) Guide to the Pre-packing of fruits and vegetables 375. TZS 1004:2008(E) Photocopying paper - Specification 376. TZS 1006:2009(E) Metre rules and rulers for office use-specification 377. TZS 1007:2008(E) Code of practice for the cleaning of petroleum storage tanks and disposal of sludge 378. TZS 1009: 2008(E) Herbal soap Specification 379. TZS 1018: 2008(E) Neutral (fine) spirit - Specification 380. TZS 1051 (Part 1): 2008(E) Reusable all-glass or metal-and-glass syringes for medical use- Dimensions 381. TZS 1051 (Part2):2008(E) Reusable all-glass or metal-and-glass syringes for medical use- Design, performance requirements and test 382. TZS 1052: 2008(E) Hypodermic needles for single use Colour coding for identification (Identical to ISO 6009:1992) 383. TZS 1053:2008(E) Sterile hypodermic needles for single use 384. TZS 1056: 2008(E) Fire fighting-potable fire extinguishers - Performance and construction 385. TZS 1058 (Part1):2008(E) Steel for pre-stressing of concrete- General requirements 386. TZS 1059:2008(E) Continuous hot-dip zinc-coated carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities 387. TZS 1060:2008(E) Continuous hot-dip aluminum/zinc-coated steel sheet of commercial, drawing and structural qualities 388. TZS 1061: 2008(E) Continuous hot-dip zinc-coated carbon steel sheet of structural qualities 389. TZS 1063 (Part 1): 2008(E) Industrial tyre and rims-pneumatic tyres (metric services) on 5º tapered or flat base rims-designation, dimensions and marking 390. TZS 1063 (Part 2): 2008(E) Industrial tyre and rims-pneumatic tyres (metric services) on 5º tapered or flat base rims-load ratings 391. TZS 1083:2009(E) Soya beans- Specification 392. TZS 1084:2009(E) Pigeon peas- Specification 393. TZS 1090 (Part 1):2009(E) Textiles Specification for spun yarns (Part 1): Yarns for weaving 394. TZS 1091 ( Part 2) :2009(E) Textiles Specification for spun yarns. (Part 2): Yarns for knitting 395. TZS 1092: 2009(E) Textiles- specification for spun polyester sewing threads 396. TZS : 2009(E) Ceramic tiles-part 4: Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength 397. TZS 1099:2012 Automotive biodiesel fuel- specification 398. TZS 1116:2009(E) Management of mercury in small scale gold mining and refining- Code of practice 399. TZS 1133:2010 Skin Care Oils- Specification 400. ZS 1134: 2010 Hair Oil- Specification 401. TZS 1184: 2010 Vehicle stability performance in the event of tyre failure 402. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 1: General requirements and definition 403. TZS :2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 2: Performance and general test meth Page 110

130 TANZANIA COMPULSORY STANDARDS AS OF 2012 No. Standard Number Title 404. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 3: Check valve 405. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 4: Manual valve 406. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 5: Manual cylinder valve 407. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 6: Automatic valve 408. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 7: Gas injector 409. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 8: Pressure indicator 410. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 9: Pressure regulator 411. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 10: Gas- flow adjuster 412. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 11: Gas/ air mixer 413. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 12: Pressure relieve valve (PRV) 414. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 13: Pressure relief device (PRD) 415. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 14: Excess flow rate 416. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 15: Gas- Tight housing and ventilation hose 417. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 16: Rigid fuel line 418. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 17: Flexible fuel line 419. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 18: Filter 420. TZS : 2010 Road vehicles- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fuel system components- Part 19: Fittings 421. TZS 1188: 2010 Dried Mango-Specification 422. TZS 1189: 2010 Dried Banana- Specification 423. TZS 1190: 2010 Dried Roselle-Specification 424. TZS 1191: 2010 Roselle Non-Alcohol drink- Specification 425. TZS 1192: 2010 Roselle Alcoholic drink 426. TZS 1193: 2010 Gypsum plasterboard- Specification 427. TZS 1224:2010 Textiles- disposable baby diapers- Specification 428. TZS 1227:2012 PVC insulated, armored cables for voltages of 600/1000V and 1900/3300V 429. TZS : 2010 Textiles- Specification for mosquito nets Part 1: Net made from 100% Polyester yarn 430. TZS : 2010 Textiles- Specification for mosquito nets Part 2: Net made from 100% Polyethylener yarn 431. TZS : 2010 Motorcycles for general use Part 1: Specification for two wheeled motorcycles 432. TZS : 2010 Motorcycles for general use Part 2: Specification for three wheeled motorcycles 433. TZS 1233:2010 Tolerance limits for industrial effluents Discharged into inland surface water- Sugar industry 434. TZS 1234: 2010 Tolerance limits for industrial effluents Discharged into inland surface water- Textile industry 435. TZS 1235: 2010 Steel tubes for water and sewage 436. TZS 1244: 2010 Pasteurized Ulanzi Bamboo Alcoholic Drink- Specification 437. TZS 1245: 2010 Draught Beer- Specification 438. TZS 1247:2012 Fuel additives- specification Page 111

131 TANZANIA COMPULSORY STANDARDS AS OF 2012 No. Standard Number Title 439. TZS 1250: 2010 Information and documentation- requirements for binding materials and method used in the manufacture of books 440. TZS 1252: 2010 Stainless steel needle tubing for manufacture of medical device 441. TZS 1256: 2010 Non- Cereal Based Alcoholic Beverage- Specification 442. TZS : 2010 Textile- Woven bags from natural Fibres-Specification Part 1: Bags for cereal 443. TZS : 2010 Textile- Woven bags from natural Fibres-Specification Part 2: Bags for Mille products 444. TZS : 2010 Textile- Woven bags from natural Fibres-Specification Part 3: Bags for sugar 445. TZS 1272: 2010 Pressure sensitive adhesive polypropylene tapes for packaging 446. TZS 1274: 2010 Packaging- Metal crown closure for glass bottles- Specification 447. TZS 1275: 2010 Cassava crips- specification 448. TZS 1276: 2010 Fresh sweet cassava- specification 449. TZS 1277: 2010 Cassava wheat composite flour - specification 450. TZS 1278:2012 Fresh potato tuber (ware potato tuber)- specification 451. TZS 1279: 2012 Fried potato chips- specification 452. TZS 1280:2012 Frozen potato chips- specification 453. TZS 1281:2012 Potato crisps- specification 454. TZS 1298: 2010 Sharps containers- Specification 455. TZS : 2010 Fire protection-vocabulary- Part 1: General terms and phenomena of fire 456. TZS 1304: 2010 Fire protection- Safety signs 457. TZS 1305: 2010 Graphical symbols- safety colors and safety signs- Safety signs used in workplace and public areas 458. TZS 1306: 2010 Graphical symbols- safety signs- safety way guidance systems (SWGS) 459. TZS 1307: 2010 Gas cylinders- High pressure cylinders for the on board storage of natural gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles 460. TZS 1312: 2010 Specification for wood charcoal and charcoal briquettes for household use 461. TZS 1313: 2010 Fortified fats and oils- Specification 462. TZS 1325: 2011 Animal and vegetable fats and oils- determination of specification value TZS 1332: 2010 Plastic monobloc chairs- Specification 464. TZS 1350:2012 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs- insulated containers for domestic use- specification for insulated bags and boxes TZS 1355:2012 Artificially sweetened flavoured drink in solid form- specification 466. TZS : 2011 Information and documentation- records management- part 2: guidelines 467. TZS 1391: 2011 Refined mustard oil- specification 468. TZS 1393: 2011 Cream- determination of fat content by gravimetric method 469. TZS 1408: 2011 Cationic polyacrylamides for treatment of water intended for human consumption- specification 470. TZS 1409: 2011 Polyamines for treatment of water intended for human consumption specification 471. TZS 1410: 2011 Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption- Anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamides- specification 472. TZS 1412: 2011 Fat spread and blended fat spreads - specification 473. TZS 1413: 2011 Building hardware- padlocks and padlock fitting requirement and test methods 474. TZS 1415: 2011 Agriculture equipment- four wheeled tractors- requirements 475. TZS 1416: 2011 Agriculture equipment- disc plough- specification 476. TZS 1418: 2011 Agricultural equipment- soil tillge and equipment- terminology 477. TZS 1419 part 1:2011 Furniture- chairs and tables for educational institutions- part 1: functional dimensions 478. TZS 1419 part 2: 2011 Furniture- chairs and tables for educational institutions- part 2: safety requirements and test methods 479. TZS 1425: 2011 Sewing threads- specification: sewing threads made wholly or party from synthetic fibres 480. TZS 1428: 2011 Setting lotion- specification 481. TZS 1430: 2011 Tea masala- specification 482. TZS 1431: 2011 Refined edible rapeseed (canola) oil- specification 483. TZS 1432: 2011 Refined olive oil and refined olive pomace oil- specification 484. TZS 1433: 2011 Pilau masala - specification Page 112

132 TANZANIA COMPULSORY STANDARDS AS OF 2012 No. Standard Number Title 485. TZS 1434 part 1: 2011 Ceramic tiles- grouts and adhesives- part 1: terms, definition and specification 486. TZS 1434 part 2: 2011 Ceramic tiles- grouts and adhesives- part 2: test methods for adhesives TZS 1435: 2011 Resilient floor covering- expanded (cushioned) poly (vinyl chloride) flooring covering specification 488. TZS 1436 part 1: 2011 Gypsum binders and gypsum plasters- part 1: definition and requirements 489. TZS 1436 part 2: 2011 Gypsum binders and gypsum plasters 490. TZS 1437: 2011 Timber structure- joints made with mechanical fasteners- general principles for the determination of strength and deformation characteristics TZS 1439: 2011 Timber structure- dowel type fasteners part 1: determination of yield moment 492. TZS 1442 part 1: 2011 Soil shear test part 1: direct shear stress 493. TZS 1472: 2011 Bayonet lampholder 494. TZS 1473: 2011 Edison screw lamphoders 495. TZS 1474:2012 Burnt building bricks- specification 496. TZS 1475: 2012 Hot- dip aluminium- zinc coated plain corrugated and troughed sheetsspecification 497. TZS 1476:2012 Sheet roof and wall covering- Aluminium alloy corrugated and troughed sheet 498. TZS 1477:2012 Specification for steel sheet, metallic coated by the hot- Dip process and pre painted by the coil- coating process for exterior exposed building products, published by the American Society for testing and materials TZS 1482:2012 Containers for pharmaceutical dispensing specification for glass and plastics containers for solid dosage forms, semi- solids and powders 500. TZS1487:2012 Oleaginous seeds- Kashata- specification 501. TZS 1512: 2012 Precast concrete paving blocks- Specification 502. TZS 1513: 2012 Marble tiles and slabs- Specification 503. TZS 1516:2012 Textiles- Female condoms- requirements and test methods 504. TZS 1518 part 1:2012 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cable of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V- Part 1: General requirements 505. TZS1518 part 3: 2012 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cable of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V- Part 3: None sheathed cables for fixed wiring 506. TZS 1518 part 4: 2012 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cable of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V- Part 4: Sheathed cables for fixed wiring 507. TZS 1519: 2012 Conductors of insulated cables 508. TZS 1520: 2012 Non malted cereal beer- specification 509. TZS 1532: 2012 Plastics crates for fruits and vegetables- specification 510. TZS 1534: 2012 Opthalmic optics- spectacle lenses- Fundamental requirements for uncut finished lenses 511. TZS 1535: 2012 Oleagious seeds Roasted cashew kernels- specification 512. TZS 1536: 2012 Species and condiments cumin- specification 513. TZS 1547: 2012 Opthalmic- specification for single- vision ready- to- wear near- Vision spectacle 514. TZS 1548 part 1: Opthalmic optics- Semi- finished spectacle lens blanks- part TZS 1548part 2:2012 Opthalmic optics- Semi- finished spectacle lens blanks- part 2: specification for single progressive power lens blanks 516. TZS 1347: 2010 Preservation- Treated timber 517. TZS 2113: 2010 Small power distribution units (ready boards) for single phase 230V services connections- Requirements 518. TZS 663:201 Textiles Cotton woven canvas materials Specification 519. TZS 803: 2012 Textiles B Twill jute bags Specification 520. TZS 1429:2012 Paratha (chapatti) dough Specification 521. TZS 1510: 2012 Edible full fat soya flour- specification 522. TZS 1518(Part 5): 2012 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V Part 5: Flexible cables (Cords) 523. TZS 1518(Part 6): 2012 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V Part 6: Lift cables and cables for flexible 524. TZS 1518(Part 7): 2012 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V Part 7: Flexible cables screened and unscreened with two or more conductors. Page 113

133 TANZANIA COMPULSORY STANDARDS AS OF 2012 No. Standard Number Title 525. TZS 1549:2012 Lining Fabric- Specification 526. TZS 1550: 2012 Woven Handkerchief Performance Specification 527. TZS 1569:2012 Soya milk- Specification Source: Tanzania Catalouge and EAC Website 6.3 Uganda Compulsory UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS- UP DATED 2012 S/N Standard Number Standard Title 1. US 7:2002 Pre-packaged Food labelling 2. US 334:2001 Barley grains 3. US 46:2001 Beer 4. US EAS 1:2011 Wheat flour 5. US 556:2006 Biscuits 6. US 292:2002 Black Tea 7. US 43: 2008 Bottled/packaged natural mineral water 8. US 42: 2008 Bottled/packaged waters other than natural mineral waters Specification 9. US 281 : 2006 Bread 10. US EAS 22: 2006 Butter 11. US CODEX STAN 73: 1981 Canned baby foods 12. US 36 CS 88:1993 Canned corned beef 13. US 216-1:2000 Carbon dioxide for use in manufacture of beverages. 14. US 47:2011 Carbonated and non carbonated soft drinks 15. US EAS 740:2010 Cassava flour 16. US EAS 741:2010 Cassava wheat composite flour 17. US EAS 742:2010 Food grade cassava starch 18. US CODEX STAN 74: 1981 Cereals for infants and children 19. US CODEX STANDARD A 6: Cheese US 419:2002 Chewing gum and bubble gum 21. US 32:1999 Citrus marmalade 22. US 348:2001 Composite flour - Edible 23. US 185:2000 Corn Oil Edible 24. US 738:2007 Contaminants and Toxins in Food (General) 25. US 170:2000 Cotton seed oil - edible 26. US EAS 98 : 1999 Curry powder 27. US EAS 70: 2006 Dairy ices and dairy ice creams 28. US 201:2008 Drinking (potable) water Specification 29. US EAS 46:2011 Dry beans 30. US CODEX STANDARD A- Evaporated milk 3: US 511: 2003 Fats & oils Specification for fortified edible fats & oils 32. US 168: 2006 Fats and oils - edible 33. US CODEX STANDARD Fermented milks 243: US 129:1999 Fish & fishery products: Code of Practice for handling 35. US EAS 33:2006 Yoghurt Specification 36. US CODEX STAN 156: 1987 Follow up formula 37. US 45:2011 Food Additives (2ndEdition) General 38. US 3:1992 Fresh avocados 39. US 569: 2005 Fresh Fruits & vegetables - labelling of fresh fruits & Vegetables 40. US 568: 2005 Fresh fruits & Vegetables - packaging for transportation 41. US 877: 2011 Dried fruits Specification Page 114

134 UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS- UP DATED 2012 S/N Standard Number Standard Title 42. US 2: 1992 Fresh pineapples 43. US 62:2011 Fruit juice drinks 44. US 818:2011 Fruit juices and nectars Specification 45. US 882: 2011 Fruit chips and crisps Specification 46. US 44:1999 Gins 47. US 206:2000/EAS 142 Vodka 48. US 205:2000/EAS 146 Rum 49. US 204:2000/EAS 143 Brandy 50. US 207:2000/EAS 141 Whisky 51. US EAS 144 : 2007 Neutral (fine ) Spirit - Specification 52. US 172:2000 Ground nut oil edible 53. US EAS 57-1 : 2000 Groundnuts Raw 54. US EAS 57-2 : 2000 Groundnuts Roasted 55. US 871:2011 Malted cereal beverages 56. US 872:2011 Fermented (non alcoholic) cereal beverages 57. US 18:2005 Honey 58. US 33:2002 Ices and ice mixes edible 59. US CODEX STAN 72: 1981 Infant formula 60. US 4 CS72 :1993 Infant formula 61. US 34 ISO:1993 Instant tea in solid form 62. US 31:1999 Jam (fruits preserves) and jellies 63. US 277:2002 Labelling of food additives 64. US 421:2002 Liquid glucose 65. US 35 CS 89:1993 Luncheon meat 66. US 509 :2006 Maize fortified milled 67. US EAS 2:2011, Maize grains Specification 68. US EAS 44:2011 Milled maize (corn) products Specification 69. US 889:2011 Dried vegetables and herbs for food use 70. US EAS 14: 2000 Margarine 71. US 890:2011 Dried tomatoes Specification 72. US 891:2011 Dried carrots 73. US 894:2011 Dried edible mushrooms 74. US 907:2011 Instant coffee 75. US EAS 105:1999 Roasted coffee beans and roasted ground coffee 76. US EAS 130:1999 Green coffee beans 77. US EAS 738:2010 Fresh sweet cassava 78. US EAS 739:2010 Dried cassava 79. US EAS 743:2010 Cassava crisps 80. US EAS 745:2010 Potato crisps 81. US EAS 746:2010 Frozen potato chips 82. US EAS 747:2010 Fried potato chips 83. US EAS 748:2010 Fresh potato tuber (ware potato tuber) 84. US EAS 753:2011 Seed potato 85. US 51-2:2000 Mayonnaise Low fat mayonnaise 86. US 51-1:2000 Mayonnaise Real mayonnaise 87. US EAS 67: 2006 Milk Raw cow milk 88. US EAS 87: 2006 Milk Sweetened condensed Milk Page 115

135 UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS- UP DATED 2012 S/N Standard Number Standard Title 89. US EAS 79: 2000 Milk based baby foods 90. US EAS 69: 2006 Milk -Pasteurised milk 91. US EAS 49: 2006 Milk powder Dried whole milk and skimmed 92. US EAS 27: 2006 Milk UHT Milk 93. US 817 : 2008 Milk fat products - Specification 94. US EAS 89:2011, Millet flour Specification 95. US EAS 284:2011 Pearl millet grains Specification 96. US EAS 331:2011 Green grams 97. US EAS 755:2011 Cowpeas 98. US EAS 754:2011 Chickpeas 99. US EAS 756:2011 Pigeon peas 100. US EAS 759:2011 Dry whole peas 101. US EAS 760:2011 Lentils 102. US EAS 761:2011 Dry split peas 103. US 500:2003 Nutrition labelling of food guidelines 104. US 511 :2006 Oil fortified edible oil 105. US 446:2002 Oil-seed cakes for compounding livestock feed 106. US 642: 2006 Olive oil 107. US 174:2000 Palm kernel oil edible 108. US 173:2000 Palm oil edible 109. US 617: 2006 Palm olein 110. US 636: 2006 Palm stearin edible 111. US 40:2000 Papain powder 112. US 243:2000 /EAS 173 Pasta 113. US EAS 60 : 2000 Peanut butter 114. US 14 CS 171:2002 Pulses (excluding beans) 115. US EAS 128:2011 Milled rice Specification 116. US EAS 764:2011 Rough (Paddy) rice Specification 117. US EAS 765:2011 Brown rice Specification 118. US 203 :2006 Salt fortified edible salt 119. US 203:2006 Salts - edible 120. US 175:2000 Sesame oil edible 121. US EAS 95:2011 Sorghum flour Specification 122. US EAS 757:2011 Sorghum grains Specification 123. US 349:2001 Soy flour edible 124. US 169:2000 Soya bean oil edible 125. US EAS 762:2011 Dry Soya beans 126. US EAS 763:2011 Faba beans 127. US 510:2003 Sugar - fortified sugar 128. US EAS 749:2010 Brown sugars Specification 129. US 365:2002 Sugar - Powdered (icing) sugar 130. US EAS 5:2009 Refined white sugar Specification 131. US EAS 8:2010 Raw cane sugar Specification 132. US EAS 16:2009 Plantation (mill) white sugar Specification 133. US 171:2000 Sunflower oil - edible 134. US 616: 2006 Sunflower seeds 135. US 413:2002 Sweets - Hard boiled sugar confectionery Page 116

136 UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS- UP DATED 2012 S/N Standard Number Standard Title 136. US 420:2002 Toffee 137. US 38:1999 Tomato ketchup 138. US EAS 66-1 : 2000 Tomato products Canned tomato 139. US EAS 76 : 2000 Tomato products Test methods 140. US 39:1999 Tomato Sauce 141. US CODEX STAN 179: 1991 Vegetable Juices General standard 142. US 212-2:2000/EAS Vinegar - from artificial sources 143. US 212-1:2000 /EAS Vinegar - from natural sources 144. US 333:2001 Wheat and Durum wheat 145. US EAS 1:2011 Wheat flour 146. US 473:2002 Wheat flour - Durum wheat flour 147. US EAS 51:2011 Wheat grain 148. US 394:2002 Wheat meal (ATTA) 149. US 395:2002 Wheat semolina 150. US 472:2002 Wheat semolina - Durum 151. US CODEX STANDARD A-15: Whey powders US 208:2003 Wine - fortified wine 153. US 209:2003 Wine - sparkling wine 154. US 210:2003 Wine table wine 155. US EAS 33: 2006 Yoghurt 156. US 733:2007 Requirements for handling transportation of slaughter animals 157. US 734:2007 Requirements for the design and operation of abattoirs and slaughter houses 158. US 736:2007 Hygienic requirements for Butcheries 159. US 737:2007 Requirements for hygiene in production of packed meat products (processed or manufactured) 160. US 778: 2007 Requirements for animal stock routes, check points and holding grounds 161. US779:20007 Requirements for the transportation of meat and meat products 162. US EAS 456::2007 Organic products ( Organic Agriculture ) 163. US 806:2009 Poultry Feeds-Specifications 164. US 807:2009 Cattle Feeds- Specifications 165. US 808:2009 Dog Feeds- Specifications 166. US 811:2009 Pig Feeds- Specifications 167. US 812:2009 Goat and Sheep Feeds-Specifications 168. US 813:2009 Rabbit Feeds- Specifications 169. US 814:2009 Fish Feeds- Specifications 170. US 815:2009 Cat Feeds- Specifications 171. US EAS 97:1999 Fishmeal- Specifications 172. US EAS 230:2001 Maize Bran as livestock feed- Specifications 173. US EAS 231:2001 Bone meal for compounding animal feeds- specifications 174. US EAS 232:2001 Maize gluten feed- specifications 175. US EAS 233:2001 Ostrich Feed- Specifications 176. US EAS 353:2004 Wheat bran for animal feeds-specifications 177. US 481-2:2003 Primary batteries Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications 178. US 481-1:2003 Primary batteries Part 1: General 179. US 481-3:2003 Primary batteries Part 3: Watch batteries 180. US 481-4: 2003 Primary Batteries Part 4: Safety of lithium 181. US 481-5:2003 Primary batteries Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte 182. US 149-3:2003 Secondary cells and batteries for solar photovoltaic energy systems-part 3: Page 117

137 UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS- UP DATED 2012 S/N Standard Number Standard Title 183. US 147:2003 Solar photovoltaic systems. System design, installation, operation monitoring and maintenance. Part 1 requirements for PV systems 184. US EAS 505 : 2008 Basic and Safety Principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification Identification of conductors by colours or alphanumbers 185. US 735 : 2008 Code of practice for repair and service of electrical and electronic machines /devices 186. US 662 : 2008 Code of practice for inspection and acceptance of audio, video and similar electronics apparatus 187. US 254:2000 Tungsten filament lamps for general lighting service 188. US EAS 507 : 2008 Aluminium Magnesium Silicon alloy wire for overhead line conductors 189. US 261-1:2001/EAS 178 Conduits - Flexible PVC conduits for electric wiring plain conduits 190. US EAS 497 : 2008 Colours of the cores of flexible cables and codes 191. US 255:2000 Junction boxes for use in electrical installations 192. US EAS 501 : 2008 Conductors of Insulated Cables 193. US EAS 502:2008 Electric cables Tests on extruded over sheaths with a special protective function 194. US 776 : 2008 Furniture - Chairs and Cables for Educational institutions Functional sizes 195. US 819 : 2008 General labelling of electrical appliances Instructions for use 196. US EAS 510 : 2008 Hard drawn aluminium wire for overhead line conductors 197. US EAS 514 : 2008 IEC Standard Voltages 198. US 150:2000 Florescent lights for use in photovoltaic systems 199. US EAS 506-1: 2008 Power Cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages from 1 kv (Um = 1.2 kv ) up to 30kV (Um = 36kV) part 1: Cables for rated voltages of 1kV (Um = 1.2 kv and 3kV (Um = 3.6kV) 200. US EAS : 2008 Low frequency cables and wires with PVC insulation and PVC sheath Part 2 : Cables in pairs, triples, quads and quintuples for inside installations 201. US EAS : 2008 Low frequency cables and wires with PVC insulation and PVC sheath Part 3: Equipment wires with solid or stranded conductor wires, PVC insulated, in singles, pairs and triples and quintuples for inside installations 202. US EAS 513: 2008 Overhead electrical conductors - Formed wire, concentric lay, stranded conductors 203. US EAS : 2008 Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages from 1 kv (Um = 1.2 kv) up to 30 kv (Um = 36 kv) Part 1: Cables for rated voltages of 1 kv (Um = 1.2 kv) and 3 kv (Um = 3.6 kv) 204. US EAS : 2008 Power Cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages from 1kV (Um = 1.2 kv) up to 30kV (Um = 36kV Part 2: Cables for rated voltages from 6 kv (Um = 7..2kV ) up to 30kV (Um = 36kV) 205. US EAS : 2008 US EAS 506-4:2008, Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages from 1 kv (Um = 1.2 kv) up to 30 kv (Um = 36 kv) Part 4: Test requirements on accessories for cables with rated voltages from 6 kv (Um = 7.2 kv) up to 30 kv (Um = 36 kv) 206. US EAS : 2008 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750V - part 1: General requirements 207. US EAS499 3 : 2008 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750V - part 3: Non sheathed cables for fixed wiring 208. US EAS : 2008 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750V - part 4: Sheathed cables for fixed wiring 209. US EAS : 2008 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750Vpart 5 : Flexible cables (codes) Page 118

138 UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS- UP DATED 2012 S/N Standard Number Standard Title 210. US EAS : 2008 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750Vpart 6 : Lift cables and cables for flexible connections 211. US EAS : 2008 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750Vpart 7 : Flexible cables screened and un screened with two or more conductors 212. US EAS : 2008 Rubber Insulated cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750V Part 1: General requirements (+Am1) : 2007) 213. US EAS : 2008 Rubber insulated cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V Part 2: Test methods 214. US EAS : 2008 Rubber Insulated cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750V Part 3: Heat resistant silicone insulated cables (+Am1) : 1997) 215. US EAS 503-4: 2008 Rubber Insulated cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750V Part 4: Codes and flexible cables 216. US EAS 503 5: 2008 Rubber Insulated cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750V Part 5: Lift cables (+Am1 : 2003) 217. US EAS : 2008 Rubber Insulated cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750V Part 6: Arc welding electrode cables (+Am1: 1997 and Am2 : 2003) 218. US EAS503 7 : 2008 Rubber Insulated cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750V Part 7: Heat resistant ethylene vinyl acetate rubber insulated cables (+ Am1: 1997) 219. US EAS503 8 : 2008 Rubber Insulated cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750V Part 8 : cords for applications requiring high flexibility 220. US EAS 511 : 2008 Sleeves of insulating material for live working 221. US EAS 504 : 2008 Standard colours for insulation for low frequency cables and wires 222. US EAS 512 : 2008 Thermal resistant aluminium alloy wire for overhead line conductor 223. US EAS 508:2008 High-voltage test techniques Partial discharge measurements 224. US EAS 509 : 2008 Zinc coated steel wires for stranded conductors 225. US 463: 2005 Part 1 10 Photovoltaic Devices (Solar Systems) 226. US IEC 60238:2004 Edison screw lamp holders 227. US IEC : 2002 Amusement machines and personal service machines 228. US EAS : 2005 Ancillary equipment terminal blocks for copper conductors 229. US 602:1995 PVC Insulated cables (non armoured) for electric power and lighting 230. US 601:1995 PVC Insulated cables for electricity supplies 231. US 604:1995 PVC insulation and sheath of electric cables 232. US 605:1995 Conductors in insulated cables and cords 233. US 607:1996 Insulating and sheathing materials of electric cables 234. US 611:1995 Conductors Aluminium stranded conductors and steel-reinforced for overhead power transmission 235. US EAS : 2005 Ancillary equipment protective conductor terminal blocks for copper conductors 236. US EAS : 2005 Ancillary equipment safety requirements for fuse terminal blocks 237. US IEC : 2003 Appliances for heating liquids 238. US IEC : 2004 Appliances for skin exposure to ultraviolet and infrared radiation 239. US IEC : 2003 Appliances skin or hair care 240. US IEC : 2004 Appliances to recover and/or recycle refrigerant from air conditioning and refrigeration equipment 241. US EAS 375-4: 2005 Assemblies for construction sites (ACS) 242. US EAS : 2005 Automatic transfer switching equipment 243. US IEC : 2004 Battery chargers 244. US EAS 375-2: 2005 Busbar trunking systems (busways) Page 119

139 UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS- UP DATED 2012 S/N Standard Number Standard Title 245. US EAS 375-5: 2005 Cable distribution cabinets (CDCs) for power distribution in networks 246. US IEC : 2003 Circuit breakers 247. US IEC : 2002 Clocks 248. US IEC : 2002 Commercial electric bains-marie 249. US IEC : 2002 Commercial electric boiling pans 250. US IEC : 2002 Commercial electric cooking range, ovens, hobs and hob elements 251. US IEC : 2002 Commercial electric deep fat fryers 252. US IEC : 2002 Commercial electric dishwashing machines 253. US IEC : 2002 Commercial electric forced convention ovens, steam cookers and steam-convention ovens 254. US IEC : 2002 Commercial electric griddles and griddle grills 255. US IEC : 2002 Commercial electric grillers and toasters 256. US IEC : 2002 Commercial electric hot cupboards 257. US IEC : 2003 Commercial electric kitchen machines 258. US IEC : 2002 Commercial electric multi-purpose cooking pans 259. US IEC : 2002 Commercial microwave oven 260. US IEC : 2002 Commercial refrigerating appliances with an incorporated or remote refrigerant condensing unit or compressor 261. US IEC : 1999 Contactors and motor starters- AC semiconductors controllers and contactors for non motor loads 262. US IEC : 1999 Contactors and motor starters- AC semiconductors motor controllers and starters 263. US IEC : 1999 Contactors and motor starters-electromechanical contactors and motors-starters 264. US EAS 378-8: 2005 Control units for built in thermal protection (PTC) for rotating electrical machines 265. US IEC : 2004 Deep fat fryers, frying pans and similar appliances 266. US IEC 60081: 2002 Double-capped fluorescent lamps performance specifications 267. US IEC : 2003 Drives for gates, doors and windows 268. US IEC : 2003 Electric dishwashers 269. US IEC : 2002 Electric fence energizers 270. US IEC Electric Irons 271. US EAS : 2005 Electrical emergency stop devices with mechanical latching function 272. US IEC : 2002 Electrical heat pumps, air conditioners and dehumidifiers 273. US IEC : 2002 Electrical heating appliances for breeding and rearing animals 274. US IEC : 2003 Electromechanical control circuits devices 275. US IEC : 2004 Fans 276. US IEC : 2002 Fixed immersion heaters 277. US IEC : 2002 Floor treatment and floor cleaning machines for industrial and commercial use 278. US IEC : 2002 Floor treatment machines & wet scrubbing machines 279. US 695: 1999 Flourescent lamps for general lighting 280. US IEC 60921: 2004 Fluorescent lamps - Ballasts for tubular - performance specifications 281. US IEC 61199: 1999 Fluorescent lamps - Single-capped safety requirements 282. US IEC Fused Plugs 283. US IEC General requirements for safety of electrical items 284. US IEC 60155: 1993 Glow-starters for fluorescent lamps 285. US IEC : 2002 Grills, toasters and similar portable cooking appliances 286. US IEC : 2002 Insect killers Page 120

140 UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS- UP DATED 2012 S/N Standard Number Standard Title 287. US IEC : 2003 Ironers 288. US IEC : 2002 Kitchen machines 289. US IEC 60400: 1999 Lampholders for tubular fluorescent lamps and starterholders 290. US IEC 60188: 2001 Lamps- mercury vapour lamps performance specifications 291. US IEC : 2004 Edison screw lamp holders 292. US IEC : 2005 Tungsten filament lamps for domestic and similar general lighting purposes Performance requirements 293. US 794 : 2007 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment 294. US IEC : : 2007 Lamp caps and holders together with gauges for the control of interchangeability and safety part 1 : Lamp caps 295. US IEC : : 2007 Lamp caps and holders together with gauges for control of interchangeability and safety part 2 : Lamp holders 296. US IEC 60192: 2001 Low-pressure sodium vapour lamps performance specifications 297. US EAS 375-3: 2005 Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies intended to be installed in places where unskilled persons have access for their use distribution boards 298. US 261-2:2001/EAS 179 Conduits - Flexible PVC conduits for electric wiring corrugated conduits 299. US IEC : 2002 Massage appliances 300. US IEC : 2002 Microwave ovens, including combination microwave ovens 301. US IEC : 2004 Milking machines 302. US IEC : 2002 Motor compressors 303. US EAS : 2005 Multiple function equipment control and protective switching devices (or equipment) (CPS) 304. US IEC : 2002 Outdoor barbecues 305. US IEC : 2002 Pedestrian controlled mains-operated lawnmowers 306. US IEC Plugs & Sockets 307. US IEC : 2002 Portable heating tools and similar appliances 308. US IEC : 2003 Portable immersion heaters 309. US IEC : 2002 Projectors and similar appliances 310. US EAS : 2005 Proximity devices with analogue output 311. US EAS : 2005 Proximity devices with defined behaviour under fault conditions (PDF) 312. US EAS : 2005 Proximity sensors and switching amplifiers (NAMUR) 313. US EAS : 2005 Proximity switches 314. US IEC : 2004 Pumps 315. US IEC : 2002 Range hoods 316. US IEC Refrigerating Appliances 317. US EAS 376-1: 2005 Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 1: General requirements 318. US IEC : 2002 Sauna heating appliances 319. US IEC : 2002 Sewing machines 320. US IEC : 2002 Shavers, hair clippers and similar appliances 321. US IEC 60901: 1996 Single-capped fluorescent lamps Performance specifications 322. US IEC : 2003 Spin extractors 323. US IEC : 2002 Stationary circulation pumps for heating and service water installations 324. US IEC : 2002 Stationary cooking range, hobs ovens and similar appliances Page 121

141 UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS- UP DATED 2012 S/N Standard Number Standard Title 325. US IEC : 2004 Surface cleaning appliances for household use employing liquids or steam 326. US IEC : 2001 Switches for appliances Part 1: General requirements 327. US IEC : 1994 Switches for appliances Part 2-1: cord switches 328. US IEC : 1999 Switches, diconnectors, switch-disconnectors and fuse-combination units 329. US EAS 375-1: 2005 Tested and particularly type-tested assemblies 330. US IEC : 2003 Tumble dryers 331. US IEC : 2002 Vacuum cleaners and water suction cleaning appliances 332. US IEC : 2002 Walk-behind and hand-held lawn trimmers and lawn edge trimmers 333. US IEC : 2002 Warming plates and similar appliances 334. US IEC : 2002 Washing machines 335. US IEC : 2004 Water heater - storage water heaters 336. US IEC : 2002 Water heaters - instantaneous 337. US IEC : 2002 Wet and dry vacuum cleaners, including power brush, for industrial and commercial use 338. US IEC :2003 Electricity metering equipment (AC) General requirements, tests and test conditions Part 11: Metering equipment 339. US IEC :2004 Electricity metering equipment (AC) General requirements, tests and test conditions Part 21: Tariff and load control equipment 340. US IEC :2003 Electricity metering equipment (AC) Particular requirements Part 11: Electromechanical meters for active energy (classes 0.5, 1 and 2) 341. US IEC :2003 Electricity metering equipment (AC) Particular requirements Part 22: Static meters for active energy (classes 0.2S and 0.5S) 342. US IEC :2003, Electricity metering equipment (AC) Particular requirements Part 23: Static meters for reactive energy (classes 2 and 3) 343. US IEC :2005, Electricity metering equipment (AC) Particular requirements Part 52: Symbols 344. US IEC :2010, Protection against lightning Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard 345. US IEC :2010, Protection against lightning Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard 346. US IEC : 2002 Boxes and enclosures for electrical accessories for household and similar fixed electrical installations Part 1: General requirements 347. US IEC : 2004 Boxes and enclosures for electrical accessories for household and similar fixed electrical installations Part 21: boxes and enclosures with provision for suspension means 348. US IEC : 2003 Boxes and enclosures for electrical accessories for household and similar fixed electrical installations Part 22: boxes and enclosures with provision for suspension means 349. US IEC : 1996 Cable trunking and ducting - Service poles 350. US IEC Cable trunking and ducting systems for electrical installations: General requirements 351. US IEC : 1996 Cable trunking systems and cable ducting systems intended for mounting on walls and ceiling 352. US IEC : 2003 Cable trunking systems and cable ducting systems intended for underfloor and flushfloor installations 353. US IEC 60934: 2000 Circuit breakers for equipment (CBE) 354. US IEC : 1993 Conduit fittings - Metal conduit fittings 355. US IEC : 1995 Conduit fittings - Conduit fittings of aluminium alloy 356. US IEC : 1993 Conduit fittings - flexible conduits of metal or composite materials 357. US IEC : 1990 Conduit fittings for electrical installations Part 1: General requirements 358. US IEC : 1993 Conduit fittings of insulating material Page 122

142 UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS- UP DATED 2012 S/N Standard Number Standard Title 359. US IEC : 2002 Conduit systems flexible 360. US IEC : 2002 Conduit systems Pliable conduit systems 361. US IEC : 2002 Conduit systems - Rigid conduit systems 362. US IEC : 2004 Conduit systems buried underground 363. US IEC : 1996 Conduit systems for electrical installations: General requirements 364. US EAS 373: 2005 External TV aerials in the frequency range 30MHz 1gHz - Specification 365. US EAS 388-1: 2005 Fuses - Current limiting fuses 366. US EAS 388-2: 2005 Fuses - Expulsion fuses 367. US EAS : 2005 Generic telecommunications cabling systems for commercial buildings 368. US IEC : 1991 Glow wire test and guidance 369. US EAS 379-2: 2005 Information technology Integrated services digital network (ISDN) primary rate 370. US IEC : 2001 Information technology equipment Safety Part 1: General requirements 371. US EAS 379-1: 2005 Information technology: Integrated services digital network (ISDN basic access) 372. US EAS 372-3: 2005 Integrated telecommunications cabling systems for small office residential premises 373. US IEC : 2003 Lamp caps and holders : Lamp caps 374. US IEC : 2003 Lamp caps and holders Gauges 375. US EAS 371-3: 2005 Power transformers - Part 3: Insulation levels and dielectric tests 376. US EAS 371-4: 2005 Power transformers - Part 4: Specification for tapping and connectors 377. US EAS 371-5: 2005 Power transformers - Part 5: Ability to withstand short circuit 378. US EAS 371-1: 2005 Power transformers - Part 1: General requirements 379. US EAS 371-2: 2005 Power transformers - Part 2: Specification for temperature rise requirements 380. US EAS 380: 2005 Public information symbols specifies the image content of graphical symbols used for the information of the public 381. US IEC 62106: 2000 Radio data system (RDS) for VHF/FM sound broadcasting in the frequency range from 87,5 to 108,0 MHz 382. US IEC : 2004 Rotating electrical machines Part 1: Rating & performance 383. US IEC : 1994 Rubber insulated cables for welding machines 384. US IEC 60968: 1988 Self ballasted lamps for general lighting services Safety requirements 385. US IEC 60686: 1980 Stabilizers power supplies, ac output 386. US IEC : 1994 Switches - change-over selectors 387. US IEC : 2003 Switches - independently mounted switches 388. US IEC : 2004 Switches - Isolating 389. US IEC : 2002 Switches Electronic switches 390. US IEC : 2000 Switches -Part 1: General requirements 391. US IEC : 1997 Switches Time-delay switches (TDS) 392. US IEC : 2002 Switches: remote control switches (RCS) 393. US IEC : 2004 Switchgear and control gear Part 1: General rules 394. US EAS 372-2: 2005 Telecommunications pathways and spaces for commercial buildings 395. US IEC : 2004 Uninterruptible Power systems (UPS) Part 1-1: General and safety requirements for UPS and in operator access areas 396. US IEC : 2004 Uninterruptible Power systems (UPS) Part 1-2: General and safety requirements for UPS and in restricted access locations 397. US IEC : 1999 Uninterruptible Power systems (UPS) Part 2: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMS) requirements Page 123

143 UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS- UP DATED 2012 S/N Standard Number Standard Title 398. US IEC : 1999 Uninterruptible Power systems (UPS) Part 3: Methods of specifying the performance and test requirements 399. US IEC : 1998 Weld arc equipment Part 1: Welding power sources 400. US IEC : 2004 Weld arc equipment Part 11: Electrode holders 401. US IEC : 1992 Weld arc equipment Part 12: Coupling devices for welding cables 402. US 900-1:2011 Performance of household electrical appliances refrigerating appliances Part 1: Energy labelling and minimum energy performance standards requirements 403. US 902:2011, Self-ballasted lamps for General Lighting Services (GLS) Performance requirements 404. US 903-1:2011 Double-capped fluorescent lamps-performance specifications Part 1: Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) 405. US 903-2:2011 Double-capped fluorescent lamps Performance specifications Part 2: Procedure for quantitative analysis of mercury present in fluorescent lamps 406. US 904-1:2011 Performance of electrical lighting equipment-ballasts for fluorescent lamps Part 1: Energy labelling and Minimum Energy Performance requirements 407. US 905-1:2011 Rotating electrical machines General requirements Part 1: Three phase cage induction motors High efficiency and Minimum Energy Performance requirements 408. US 1026: 2006 Automatic gravimetric filling instruments 409. US 1031: 2006 Automatic rail weighbridges 410. US 1015: 2006 Clinical thermometers 411. US 1023 : 2006 Continuous totalising automatic weighing instruments ( Belt weighers) part 1: Metrological and technical requirements 412. US 1013:1999/ARS 304 Cylindrical weights of medium accuracy class (M2) from 1 gram to 10 kgs 413. US 1019: 2006 Diaphragm gas meters 414. US 1027: 2006 Fixed storage tanks 415. US 1014: 2006 Gas volume meters 416. US 1000:1999 /ARS 563 Hexagonal weights, ordinary accuracy class from 100 gm to 50 kg US 1001:1999 /ARS 294 Materials measures of length 418. US 1005:1999/OIML R 117 Measuring systems for liquids other than water US 1025: 2006 Moisture meters for cereal grains and oilseeds 420. US 1016: 2006 Non invasive mechanical sphygmomanometers 421. US 1004:1999 OIML R76-1 Non-automatic weighing instruments 422. US 1029: 2006 Road and rail tankers 423. US 1020: 2006 Rotary gas meters and turbine gas meters 424. US 1017: 2006 Taximeters 425. US 1034: 2006 Total vehicle weighing 426. US 1032: 2006 Totalising hopper weighers 427. US 1002:1999 /OIML R23 Tyre pressure gauges for motor vehicles 428. US 1021: 2006 Water meters 429. US 1003:1999 /OIML R111 Weights of classes E1, E2, F1, F2, M1, M2, M US 101:2002 Aggregates from natural sources for concrete 431. US 65:2002 Blocks - Pre-cast concrete paving blocks 432. US 156:1995 Building lime 433. US 709: 2006 Carbon square pipes 434. US 708: 2006 Carbon Steel tubes Page 124

144 UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS- UP DATED 2012 S/N Standard Number Standard Title 435. US 310:2002 Cement- Part 1: Composition, Specification and conformity criteria 436. US 256-4:2000 /EAS 172 Circular saws and circular knives 437. US 845 : 2008 Code of practice for inspection and testing of used motor vehicles for road worthiness 438. US 648 :2006 Cold reduced sheet of structural quality 439. US 649 :2006 Continuous hot-dip zinc-coated carbon steel sheet of structural quality 440. US 153-1:2000 Cooking pots - domestic aluminium cooking pots (sufuria) & lids 441. US 403:2002 Deep well CBMS hand pump-model U US 405:2002 Shallow well CBMS hand pump-model U2/U US 471:2002 Deep well hand pump 444. US 256-2:2000 /EAS 170 Drills 445. US 404:2002 Extra Deep well CBMS hand pump-model 446. US 263:2000 Fuel tank assembly for automotive 447. US 256-3:2000 /EAS 171 Grinders, polishes and disk type sanders 448. US 256-1:2000 /EAS 169 Hand-held motor operated tools 449. US 301 : 2006 Iron (steel) sheets galvanised, plain and corrugated 450. US 301:1993 Iron sheets - galvanized plain and corrugated iron sheets 451. US 291:2001 Lime (quicklime and hydrated lime) for chemical industries 452. US 288:2001 Lime for soil stabilisation 453. US 192-1:2001 Locks and latches for doors in buildings 454. US 162:2000 Machetes 455. US 194-1:2001 Nails 456. US 482-2:2003 Pipes High density polyethylene (PE-HD) pipes Part 2. Dimensions 457. US 482-1:2003 Pipes High density Polyethylene (PE-HD) pipes. Part 1. General quality requirements 458. US 264-1:2001/EAS 182-1&2 Pipes and fittings made of unplasticised Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC-U) for water supply 459. US 663 :2006 Pre-painted Metal coated steel sheets and coils 460. US 774 : 2011 Protective Helmets for motor cycle users (Second Edition) Specification 461. US 775-1:2008 Retro reflective registration plates for motor vehicles Specification Part 1: Blanks (metal) 462. US 775-2:2008 Retro-reflective registration number plates for motor vehicles-specification part 2 : Metallic registration plates 463. US 533 :2006 Retro reflective warning signs for road vehicles chevron 464. US 401:1993 Retro-reflective sheeting materials for traffic control signs 465. US 317:2003 Road binders (Hydraulic) Composition, specification & conformity criteria 466. US 646 :2006 Roofing products Copper sheets 467. US 643 :2006 Roofing products Stainless steel sheets 468. US 644 :2006 Roofing products Steel sheets 469. US 645 :2006 Roofing products Zinc sheets 470. US 306:2003 Sand 471. US 256-5:2000 /EAS 173 Screwdrivers and impact wrenches 472. US 155:1995 Steel bars for reinforcement of concrete 473. US 159:2000 Steel pipes for water and gas suitable for screwing 474. US ISO 657-5: 1976 Steel sections Hot rolled, equal leg and unequal-leg angles 475. US ISO Steel sections Hot rolled, equal-leg angles 476. US ISO 657-2: 1989 Steel sections Hot rolled, unequal-leg angles 477. US 540 : 2006 Steel sheets Hot-dip aluminium zinc plain and corrugated 478. US 158:1999 Wheelbarrows 479. US 196:2001 Window stays fasteners and handles for vertically hinged windows Page 125

145 UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS- UP DATED 2012 S/N Standard Number Standard Title 480. US 328-1:2001/EAS Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy sheets, strips and plates 481. US 618 : 2006 Zinc coated steel sheets and coils 482. US 816 : 2008 Specification for clay roofing tiles and ridges 483. US EAS 134:1999 Cold rolled steel sections Specification 484. US EAS 412:2005, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete Part 3: Welded fabric 485. US ISO 1096:1999 Plywood Classification 486. US ISO :2000 Plywood Classification by surface appearance Part 1: General 487. US ISO 1954:1999 Plywood Tolerances on dimensions 488. US ISO :2000 Plywood Classification by surface appearance Part 2: Hardwood 489. US ISO 12465:2007 Plywood Specifications 490. US ISO :2000 Plywood Classification by surface appearance Part 3: Softwood 491. US EAS 322:2002 Wood poles and blocks for power an telecommunication lines Specification 492. US EAS 326:2002 Copper/chromium/arsenic composition for the preservation of timber Specification 493. US 839:2009 Particleboards- specifications 494. US 849:2011 Specification for stabilized soil 495. US 837:2009 Decorative melamine-faced boards- specifications 496. US EAS 421:2005 Ceramic tiles Definitions, classification, characteristics and marking 497. US ISO :2004 Ceramic tiles Grouts and adhesives Part 1: Terms, definitions and specifications for adhesives 498. US :2004 Ceramic tiles Grouts and adhesives Part 3: Terms, definitions and specifications for grouts 499. US 855-1:2011 Thermal solar systems & components Factory made solar systems Part 1: General requirements 500. US 857-1: 2011 Custom built solar systems Part 1: General requirements 501. US ISO :1997 High Pressure laminates- Sheets from Thermosetting resins-part 1: Classification and specification 502. US 866:2011 Classification of fires 503. US 895-1:2011 Specification for expanded metal Part 1: Sheets and plates 504. US 895-2:2011 Specification for expanded metal Part 2: Building products 505. US 898-1:2011 Polypropylene (PP) pipes Dimensions 506. US :2011 Types 1, 2 and 3 Polypropylene (PP) pipes Part 2: General quality requirements and testing 507. US 927 :2011 Polyethylene/aluminium/ polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) and polyethylene-rt/aluminium/ polyethylene-rt (PERT-AL-PERT) composite pressure pipes Specification 508. US ISO 5923:1989 Fire protection Fire extinguishing media Carbon dioxide 509. US ISO :1995 Fire extinguishing media Foam concentrates Part 1: Specification for low expansion foam concentrates for top application to water-immiscible liquids 510. US ISO :1995 Fire extinguishing media Foam concentrates Part 2: Specification for medium and high expansion foam concentrates for top application to water-immiscible liquids 511. US ISO :1999 Fire extinguishing media Foam concentrates Part 3: Specification for low expansion foam concentrates for top application to water-miscible liquids 512. US ISO 4210:1996 Cycles Safety requirements for bicycles 513. US ISO 7159:2009 Fire fighting Portable fire extinguishers Performance and construction 514. US ISO 11601:2008 Fire fighting Wheeled fire extinguishers Performance and construction 515. US 1: 2011 National flag of Uganda Specification 516. US 153-2:2000 Aluminium cooking pans 517. US EAS 96:2009 Sanitary towels-specifications 518. US 950:2011 Disposable baby diapers Specification 519. US 914-1:2011 Bed blankets Part 1 Specifications of blankets made from suitable flame Page 126

146 UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS- UP DATED 2012 S/N Standard Number Standard Title resistant fabrics 520. US EAS 125: 2011 Safety matches- specifications 521. US 841:2009 Requirements- Packaging and Labelling of tobacco 522. US 842:2009 General requirements for the production, distribution, publishing and filing of audio/audiovisual works of art 523. US 875:2009 Lipstick- specifications 524. US 883-1:2011, Single-use medical examination gloves Part 1: Specification for gloves made from rubber latex or rubber solution 525. US 883-2:2011 Single-use medical examination gloves Part 2: Specification for gloves made from poly (vinyl chloride) 526. US 966-1:2011 Medical devices Surgical gowns, drapes and clean air suits, Part 1: General requirements 527. US 966-3:2011 Medical devices Surgical gowns, drapes and clean air suits, Part 3: Performance requirements and performance levels 528. US ISO 10282: Single-use sterile rubber surgical gloves Specification 529. US ISO 25518:2009 Single-use rubber gloves for general applications Specification 530. US 706:2010 Non-woven surgical dressings Specification 531. US 1018: 2006 Medical syringes 532. US ISO 7864:1993 Sterile hypodermic needles for single use 533. US ISO :1993 Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use Part 1: Syringes for manual use 534. US ISO :1996 Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use Part 2: Syringes for use with powerdriven syringe pumps 535. US ISO :2005 Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use Part 3: Autodisable syringes for fixeddose immunization 536. US ISO :2006 Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use Part 4: Syringes with re-use prevention feature 537. US ISO 8537:2007 Sterile single-use syringes, with or without needle, for insulin 538. US ISO :2011 Prefilled syringes Part 2: Plunger stoppers for dental local anaesthetic cartridge 539. US ISO : 1995 Sterile, Single-use intravascular catheters - Part 1: General requirements 540. US ISO :1996 Sterile, single-use intravascular catheters - Part 2: Angiographic catheters 541. US ISO :1996 Sterile, single-use intravascular catheters - Part 3: Central venous catheters 542. US ISO :1996 Sterile, single-use intravascular catheters - Part 4: Balloon dilation catheters 543. US ISO :1996 Sterile, single-use intravascular catheters - Part 4: Balloon dilation catheters 544. US ISO :1996 Sterile, single-use intravascular catheters - Part 5: Over-needle peripheral catheters 545. US ISO 4074:2002 Natural Latex rubber condoms- requirements and test methods 546. US 244:2000 /EAS 154 Baby napkins 547. US 571:2006 Baking powder 548. US 488:2003 Ball Point pens for General Use-Specification 549. US 637: 2006 Bathing bars (soap) 550. US 821 : 2008 Bond paper Specification 551. US 634: 2006 Chairs plastic monobloc 552. US 506:2003 Chemical Depilatories- Specification 553. US 313:2006 Cigarettes 554. US 505:2003 Cologne Specification 555. US 484:2007 Cosmetics - Labelling of Cosmetics products-general requirements 556. US 442-2:2002, US 442-3:2002 Cosmetics (unwanted and restricted components) 557. US 339:2006 Creams, lotions and gels 558. US 653:2006 Disinfectants Quaternary ammonium Page 127

147 UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS- UP DATED 2012 S/N Standard Number Standard Title 559. US 123:2006 Distilled water 560. US 435:2002 Duplicating papers US 249:1999 /EAS159 Engine Oil 562. US 434:2002 Files & Folders 563. US 202:2006 Flexible Polyurethane foam for mattresses 564. US ISO 5423: 1992 Footwear Boots moulded plastics, industrial use 565. US ISO 6112: 1992 Footwear Boots moulded plastics, industrial use 566. US 614 : 2005 Footwear Heavy-duty use 567. US ISO 2251: 1991 Footwear lined antistatic rubber 568. US ISO 723: 1986 Footwear rubber or plastics 569. US 651: 2006 Footwear/Shoes infants 570. US 654:2006 Footwear/Shoes Ladies 571. US 582 1: 2007 Footwear/Men s Shoes with stuck on outer soles (leather) Part 1 Flat lasted construction -Specification 572. US : 2007 Footwear/Men s Shoes with stack on outer soles ( leather ) part 2 : California type construction - Specification 573. US : 2007 Footwear/Men s shoes with stuck on outer soles (leather) part 3 : Moccasin type construction Specification 574. US 711 : 2007 General requirements for fitness for purpose of Household consumer products 575. US 487:2003 Hair Creams, Lotions and Gels- Specification 576. US 507:2003 Henna Powder 577. US 161:2000 Hurricane lanterns 578. US 762 : 20 Illuminating Candles specification 579. US 308:2001 Insecticide for treatment of mosquito nets 580. US 768 : 2007 Insulated Flasks Specification 581. US 803 : 2008 Kerosene for domestic heating and illumination(bik) 582. US 307:2011 Netting materials for vector control 583. US 486:2003 Nail Polish removers Specification Part 1: Solvent Based 584. US 127:2000 National cheque 585. US247:2000 /EAS157:2000 Petrol- Leaded petrol (gasoline) for motor vehicles 586. US 947-1:2011 Handling of petroleum products and their derivatives Part 1: Sitting, design and construction of service station 587. US ISO 4512:2007 Petroleum and liquid petroleum products Equipment for measurement of liquid levels in storage tanks Manual methods 588. US EAS 158: 2011 Automotive gasoline, premium motor spirit, Specification 589. US EAS 177: 2011 Automotive gas oil (automotive diesel) Specification 590. US 916:2011 Specification for denatured fuel ethanol as used for blending with gasoline 591. US 933:2011 Gasohol Specification for E5 and E US 946:2011 Specification for biodiesel fuel as used for blending with automotive gas oil 593. US ISO 4925:2005 Road vehicles Specification of non-petroleum-base brake fluids for hydraulic systems 594. US 786 : 2008 Plastics Codes for resin identification on plastic containers 595. US 438:2002 Plastic containers for up to 5 litres 596. US 766 : 2007 Plastic Basins Specification 597. US 773 : 2007 Plastic Carrier Bags and Flat bags Specification Page 128

148 UGANDA COMPULSORY STANDARDS- UP DATED 2012 S/N Standard Number Standard Title 598. US 575:2006 Polish paste for floor and wooden furniture 599. US 485:2003 Pomades and Brilliantines Specification 600. US 489:2003 Powder. Hair dyes. Aryl Di-amine based Specification 601. US 191:2007 /EAS 118 : 2000 Pure petroleum jelly for cosmetics industry Specification 602. US 312:2001 Safety matches 603. US : 2007 Safety razor blades and razors part 1 : Blades - specification 604. US : 2007 Safety razor blades and razors part 2 : Blades - specification 605. US 391-1:2002 Sanitary towels 606. US 820 : 2008 Scholastic Stationary -- Specification 607. US 326:2001 Scouring powder 608. US 488:2003 Skin powders Specification Part 2: Baby powders 609. USEAS 31:2011 Laundry soap specification 610. US EAS 127: 2011 Synthetic laundry detergents for household use Specification 611. US 572:2006 Sodium carbonate 612. US 327:2001 Sodium hypochlorite solution for domestic use 613. US 436:2002 Stencil papers 614. US 426:2002 Textiles Fibre content labelling 615. US 323: 2006 Timber cypress and pine 616. US 126:2002 Toilet paper 617. US EAS 186: 2011 Toilet soap Specification 618. US EAS 766: 2011 Antibacterial solid toilet soap Specification 619. US EAS 296:2011 Liquid household hand dishwashing detergent Specification 620. US 466: 2006 Toothbrushes 621. US189:2000/EAS 187:2000 Toothpaste 622. US 638: 2006 Washing bars Household 623. US EAS 121: 2006 Water for lead acid batteries 624. US 573:2006 Wax Shoe polish 625. US 757 : 2007 Ammonium sulphate Nitrate (ANS) Ferttiliser 626. US 758 : 2007 Calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) Fertiliser specification 627. US 759 : 2007 Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertiliser specification 628. US 760 : 2007 Potassium chloride (muriate of potash) fertiliser grade Specification 629. US 756 : 2007 Urea fertilizer grade specification 630. US EAS 184: 2011 Emulsion paints Specification 631. US 743 : 2007 Decorative high gross paints Specification 632. US : 2007 Road and Runaway marking paints Specification part 1: Single pack solvent borne and water-born paints US : 2007 Road and runaway marking paints specification Part 2: Single pack water borne paints 634. US 713 : 2008 Requirements for hygiene in commercial skin penetration, hairdressing, and beauty and natural therapy Source: Uganda Catalouge and EAC Website Page 129

149 ANNEX 7: National Technical Regulations for Review, Adoption or Harmonisation to Enhance Trade Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets Recommended Action No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory 1. Cassava flour US EAS 740:2010 TZS 466: 2011(E) 2. Cassava wheat composite US EAS 741:2010 TZS 1277: 2010 flour 3. Chewing gum and bubble US 419:2002 Adopt and gum 4. Citrus marmalade US 32:1999 TZS 162: 1983(E) 5. Composite flour - Edible US 348:2001 TZS 1277: Corn Oil Edible US 185:2000 RS CODEX STAN Contaminants and toxins in food (general) US 738: Cotton seed oil - edible US 170:2000 TZS 53: 1979(E) 9. Curry powder US EAS 98 : 1999 TZS 45: 1979(E) 10. Dairy ices and dairy ice creams US EAS 70: 2006 TZS 306: 1987(E) 11. Drinking (potable) water US 201:2008 TS 605: 2001(E) RS 2:2003 Specification 12. Dry beans US EAS 46:2011 TZS 875:2006(E) 13. Evaporated milk USCODEXSTANDARD A-3: Fats& oils Specification for fortified edible fats &oils US 511: Fats & oils Specification for US 511: 2003 RS CODEX fortified edible fats & oils STAN Fermented milks US CODEX RS 43:2004 STANDARD 243: Fish & fishery products: Code of Practice for handling US 129:1999 RS 56: Follow Up formula US CODEX STAN formula 156: Food Additives (2 nd US 45:2011 TZS 115: 1999 (E) Edition) General 20. Fresh avocados US 3: Fresh Fruits & vegetables US 569: 2005 TZS 1003:2009(E) labeling of fresh fruits &Vegetables 22. Dried fruits Specification US 877: 2011 Adopt and 23. Fresh pineapples US 2: Fruit juice drinks US 62:2011 Adopt and Page 130

150 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action US 818:2011 TZS 389: 1989(E) US 882: 2011 Adopt and 25. Fruit juices nectars Specification 26. Fruit chips & crisps Specification 27. Gins US 44:1999 RS 5: Vodka US 206:2000 /EAS 142 RS 9: Rum US 205:2000 /EAS 146 RS 8: Whisky US 207:2000 /EAS 141 RS 7: Ground nut oil edible US 172: Groundnuts Raw US EAS 57-1: Groundnuts Roasted US EAS 57 2 : Malted Cereal beverages US 871:2011 RS 20: Fermented (non alcoholic) US 872:2011 Adopt and cereal beverages 36. Honey US 18:2005 TZS 851:2006(E) 37. Infant formula US CODEX STAN 72: 1981 ZS 187: 1983(E) 38. Infant formula US 4 CS72 :1993 ZS 187: 1983(E) 39. Instant tea in solid form US 34 ISO: Jam (Fruits preserves) and jellies US 31:1999 TZS 162: 1983(E) 41. Labeling of food additives US 277: Liquid glucose US 421: Luncheon meat US 35 CS 89: Maize fortified US 509 : Milled (corn) products US EAS 44:2011 Adopt and Specification 46. Dried vegetables and herbs US 889:2011 Adopt and for food use 47. Margarine US EAS 14: 2000 TZS 48: 2004(E) 48. Dried tomatoes US 890:2011 Adopt and Specification 49. Dried carrot US 891:2011 Adopt and 50. Dried edible mushrooms US 894:2011 Adopt and Page 131

151 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action 51. Instant coffee US 907:2011 TZS 414: 2009(E) RS 40:2004 Adopt and 52. Green coffee beans US EAS 130:1999 Adopt and 53. Fresh sweet cassava US EAS 738:2010 TZS 1276: 2010 Adopt and 54. Dried Cassava chips US EAS 739:2010 Adopt and 55. Cassava crisps US EAS 743:2010 Adopt and 56. Potato crisps US EAS 745:2010 Adopt and 57. Frozen Potato chips US EAS 746:2010 Adopt and 58. Fried potato chips US EAS 747:2010 Adopt and 59. Fresh potato tuber (ware US EAS 748:2010 Adopt and potatotuber) 60. Seed potato US EAS 753:2011 Adopt and 61. Mayonnaise Low fat US 51-2:2000 mayonnaise 62. Mayonnaise Real mayonnaise US 51-1: Milk Sweetened US EAS 87: 2006 condensed Milk 64. Milk based baby foods US EAS 79: Milk powder Dried whole US EAS 49: 2006 RS 45:2004 milk & skimmed 66. Milk fat products US 817 : 2008 Specification 67. Millet flour Specification US EAS 89:2011 TZS 688:2009(E) Adopt and 68. Pearl millet grains US EAS 284:2011 TZS 766: 2003(E) Adopt and Specification 69. Green grams US EAS 331:2011 Adopt and 70. Cow peas US EAS 755:2011 Adopt and 71. Chickpeas US EAS 754:2011 Adopt and 72. Pigeon peas EAS 756:2011 TZS 1084:2009 (E) Adopt and 73. Dry whole peas US EAS 759:2011 Adopt and 74. Lentils US EAS 760:2011 Adopt and 75. Dry split peas US EAS 761:2011 Adopt and Page 132

152 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action 76. Nutrition labelling of food US 500:2003 RS CAC/GL 2- guidelines Oil fortified edible oil US 511 : Oil-seed Cakes for US 446:2002 compounding livestock feed 79. Olive oil US 642: 2006 TZS 1432: Palm kernel oil edible US 174: Palm oil edible US 173:2000 TZS 271: 1997 (E) 82. Papain powder US 40: Pasta US243:2000/EAS Peanut butter US EAS 60 : 2000 TZS 740: 2003(E) 85. Pulses (excluding US 14 CS171:2002 beans) 86. Milled rice specification US EAS 128:2011 RS 27:2004 Adopt and 87. Rough (Paddy) rice US EAS 764:2011 Adopt and Specification 88. Brown Rice Specification US EAS 765:2011 Adopt and 89. Salt fortified edible salt US 203 : Salts - edible US 203:2006 TZS 132: 1996 (E). EAS 35: Sorghum grains US EAS 757:2011 RS 24:2004 Specification 92. Soy flour edible US 349: Dry Soya beans US EAS 762:2011 TZS 1083:2009(E) US EAS 762: Sugar - fortified sugar US 510: Brown sugars US EAS 749:2010 TZS 831:2011 (E) Specification 96. Sugar - Powdered (icing) US 365:2002 sugar 97. Refined white sugar US EAS 5:2009 TZS 100: 2011 (E) Specification 98. Raw cane sugar US EAS 8:2010 TZS 88: 2011 (E) Specification 99. Plantation (mill) White US EAS 16:2009 TZS 100: 2011 (E) Adopt and sugar Specification 100. Sunflower oil - edible US 171:2000 TZS 50: 2011(E) Adopt and 101. Sunflower seeds US 616: 2006 Page 133

153 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action 102. Sweets - Hard boiled Sugar confectionery US 413:2002 TZS 135: 1983(E) 103. Toffee US 420:2002 TZS 572: 1997(E) 104. Tomato ketchup US 38:1999 TZS 160: 1983(E) 105. Tomato products Canned tomato US EAS 66-1 : Tomato products Test US EAS 76 : 2000 methods 107. Vegetable Juices General standard US CODEX STAN 179: Vinegar -From artificial US 212 2:2000/EAS sources Vinegar from natural US212-1:2000/EAS sources Wheat flour Durum wheat flour US 473: Wheatmeal (ATTA) US 394: Wheat semolina US 395:2002 TZS 616:1999(E) 113. Wheat semolina -Durum US 472:2002 TZS 616:1999(E) 114. Whey powders USCODEXSTANDARD A-15: Wine sparkling wine US 209:2003 RS 11: Wine table wine US 210: Requirements for Handling transportation of slaughter animals 118. Requirements for the Design and Operation of abattoirs and slaughter houses 119. Hygienic Requirements for Butcheries 120. Requirements for hygiene In production Of packed Meat products (processed Or manufactured) 121. Requirements for the transportation of meat and meat products US 733:2007 US 734:2007 US 736:2007 US 737:2007 US 779: Organic products (Organic Agriculture) US EAS 456: Poultry Feeds US 806:2009 TZS 28: 2002(E) Adopt and Specifications 124. Cattle Feeds Specifications US 807:2009 TZS 397: 1990(E) Adopt and Page 134

154 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action 125. Dog Feeds- Specifications US 808:2009 Adopt and 126. Pig Feeds- Specifications US 811:2009 TZS 399: 1990(E) Adopt and 127. Goat and Sheep Feeds Specifications US 812:2009 Adopt and 128. Fish Feeds Specifications US 814:2009 Adopt and 129. Cat Feeds- Specifications US 815:2009 Adopt and 130. Fishmeal- Specifications US EAS 97:1999 TZS 547: 1995(E) 131. Maize Bran as livestock US EAS 230:2001 TZS 735: 2002 (E) feed-specifications 132. Bone meal for compounding animal feedsspecifications US EAS 231:2001 TZS 549: 2002 (E 133. Maize gluten feed- US EAS 232:2001 specifications 134. Ostrich Feed- US EAS 233:2001 TZS 737: 2002 (E) Specifications 135. Wheat bran for animal US EAS 353:2004 TZS 820: 2004(E) feeds- specifications 136. Rabbit Feeds Specifications US 813: Primary batteries Part 3: Watch batteries US 481-3:2003 Primary TZS 144 (Part 3): 2011(E 138. Primary Batteries Part 4: Safety of lithium US 481-4: Primary batteries US 481-5: Secondary cells and US 149-3:2003 batteries for solar photovoltaic energy systems-part Solar Photovoltaic systems. System design, installation, Operation monitoring and US 147:2003 maintenance. Part 1 requirements for PV systems 142. Basic and safety principles for man- machine interface, marking and identification of conductors by colours or alpha numbers 143. Code of practice for repair and service of electrical and electronic machines /devices US EAS 2008 Adopt and US 735 : 2008 Adopt and Page 135

155 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory 144. Code of practice for inspection and acceptance of audio, video and similar electronics apparatus 145. Tungsten filament lamps for general lighting service 146. Aluminium Magnesium Silicon alloy Wire for overhead line conductors 147. Conduits Flexible PVC conduits for electric wiring plain conduits 148. Colours of the cores Of flexible cables and codes 149. Junction Boxes for use in electrical installations 150. Electric cables Tests on extruded over sheaths with a special protective function 151. Furniture Chairs and Cables For educational institutions Functional sizes 152. General labeling of electrical appliances instructions for use 153. Hard drawn aluminum wire for overhead line conductors Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action US 662 : 2008 Adopt and US 254:2000 TZS 407: 1989(E) US EAS 2008 TZS 684: 2002(E) US :2001/EAS TZS 233 (Part 1): 1984(E), US EAS: 2008 Adopt and US 255:2000 TZS 614: 1999(E) US EAS 502:2008 Adopt and US 776 : 2008 TZS 1419 part 2: 2011 US 819 : 2008 Adopt and US EAS: 2008 TZS 7 (Part 2): 1979(E) 154. IEC standard voltages US EAS Adopt and 155. Florescent lights for use In US EAS 506-1: 2008 Adopt and photovoltaic systems 156. Power Cables With US EAS 506-1: 2008 Adopt and extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages from 1 kv (Um = 1.2 kv ) up to 30kV (Um = 36kV) part 1: Cables for rated voltages of 1kV (Um = 1.2 kv and 3kV (Um = 3.6kV) Low frequency cables and wires with PVC insulation and PVC sheath Part 2 : Cables in pairs, triples, quads and quintuples for inside installations US EAS 498 2:2008 Adopt and 158. Low frequency cables US EAS : 2008 Adopt and Page 136

156 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory and wires with PVC insulation and PVC sheath Part 3: Equipment wires with solid or stranded conductor wires PVC 159. Overhead Electrical conductors Formed wire, concentric lay stranded conductors 160. Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages from 1 kv (Um = 1.2 kv) up to 30 kv (Um = 36 kv) Part 1: Cables for rated voltages of 1 kv (Um = 1.2 kv) and 3 kv (Um = 3.6kV) 161. Power Cables with Extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages from 1kV (Um = 1.2kV) up to 30kV (Um = 36kV Part 2: Cables for rated voltages from 6 kv (Um = 7..2kV )up to 30kV (Um = 36kV) 162. Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages from 1 kv (Um = 1.2 kv) up to 30 kv (Um = 36 kv) Part 4: Test requirements on accessories for cables with rated voltages from 6 kv (Um = 7.2 kv) up to 30 kv (Um = 36 kv) 163. Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and Including 450/750V - part 1: General 164. Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750V - part 3: Non sheathed cables for fixed 165. Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750v - part 3: non sheathed cables for fixed wiring Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action US EAS 513: 2008 TZS 7(Part1):1979(E) US EAS :2008 Adopt and US EAS : 2008 Adopt and US EAS : 2008 Adopt and US EAS : 2008 Adopt and US EAS : 2008 Adopt and US EAS : 2008 Adopt and Page 137

157 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory 166. Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750V - part 4: Sheathed cables for fixed wiring 167. Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750Vpart 5 : Flexible cables (codes) 168. Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750Vpart 6 : Lift cables and cables for flexible connections 169. Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750V- part 7 : Flexible cables screened and un screened with two or more conductors 170. Rubber Insulated cables Rated voltages up to and Including 450/750V Part 1: General requirements (+Am1) : 2007) 171. Rubber insulated Cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V Part 2: Test methods 172. Rubber Insulated Cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750V Part 3: Heat Resistant silicone Insulated cables (+Am1) : 1997) 173. Rubber Insulated cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750V Part 4: Codes and flexible cables 174. Rubber Insulated cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750V Part 5: Lift cables (+Am1 : 2003) 175. Rubber Insulated cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750V Part 6: Arc welding electrode Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action US EAS : 2008 Adopt and US EAS : 2008 Adopt and US EAS : 2008 Adopt and US EAS : 2008 Adopt and US EAS : 2008 Adopt and US EAS : 2008 Adopt and US EAS : 2008 Adopt and US EAS 503-4: 2008 Adopt and US EAS 503 5: 2008 Adopt and US EAS :2008 Adopt and Page 138

158 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory cables(+am1: 1997 and Am2 : Rubber Insulated Cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750V Part 7: Heat Resistant ethylene vinyl acetate rubber insulated cables (+ Am1: 1997) 177. Rubber Insulated Cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750V-Part 8 : cords for applications requiringhigh flexibility 178. Sleeves Of insulating material for live working 179. Thermal-resistant aluminum Alloy wire For overhead Line conductor 180. High-voltage test techniques -Partial discharge measurements 181. Zinc coated Steel wires For stranded conductors Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action US EAS503 7:2008 Adopt and US EAS503 8:2008 Adopt and US EAS511: 2008 Adopt and US EAS 512: 2008 Adopt and US EAS 508:2008 Adopt and US EAS 509 : 2008 Adopt and 182. Photovoltaic Devices US 463: 2005 Part 1 TZS 925 (Part2):2007(E) (Solar Systems) Edison Screw lamp holders US IEC 60238:2004 TZS 1473: Amusement machines and personal service machines US IEC : Ancillary equipment US EAS : TZS 953 (Part 2): terminal blocks for copper conductors PVC Insulated cables (non armoured) For electric power and lighting 187. PVC Insulated cables for electricity supplies 188. PVC Insulation and Sheath of electric cables 189. PVC Insulation and Sheath of electric cables 190. Insulating And sheathing materials of electric cables US 602:1995 TZS 107: 1982(E) US 601:1995 TZS 232: 1984(E) US 604:1995 TZS 232: 1984(E) US 604:1995 US 607: Ancillary equipment US EAS : 2005 protective conductor terminal blocks for copper conductors 192. Ancillary equipment safety US EAS : 2005 Page 139

159 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action requirements for fuse terminal blocks 193. Appliances For heating US IEC TZS 448 (Part 2-3): liquids 15: (E) 194. Appliances for skin US IEC : exposure to 2004 ultraviolet and infrared radiation 195. Appliances skin or hair US IEC : TZS 448 (Part 2-4): RS 66:2005 care (E 196. Appliances To recover US IEC and/or recycle refrigerant 104: 2004 from air conditioning and refrigeration equipment 197. Assemblies For US EAS 375-4: 2005 construction Sites (ACS) 198. Automatic Transfer US EAS : 2005 switching equipment 199. Battery chargers US IEC : 2004 TZS 448 (Part 2-6): 2002(E) 200. Busbar trunking systems (busways) US EAS 375-2: Cable distribution US EAS 375-5: 2005 cabinets(cdcs) for power distribution in networks 202. Circuit breakers US IEC : Clocks US IEC : Commercial electric bainsmarie US IEC : Commercial electric boiling pans US IEC : Commercial electric US IEC : cooking range, ovens, hobs and hob elements Commercial electric deep fat fryers 208. Commercial electric dishwashing machines 209. Commercial electric forced convention ovens, steam cookers and steamconvention ovens 210. Commercial electric griddles and griddle grills 211. Commercial electric grillers and toasters 212. Commercial Electric hot cupboards 213. Commercial electric kitchen machines US IEC : 2002 US IEC : 2002 US IEC : 2002 US IEC : 2002 US IEC : 2002 US IEC : 2002 US IEC : 2003 Page 140

160 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory 214. Commercial Electric multipurpose cooking pans 215. Commercial microwave oven 216. Commercial refrigerating appliances with an incorporated or remote Refrigerant condensing unit or compressor 217. Contactors and motor starters- AC Semiconductors controllers and contactors for non motor loads 218. Contactors and motor starters- AC Semiconductors motor controllers and starters 219. Contactors and motor starterselectromechanical contactors and motorsstarters 220. Control units for built in thermal protection (PTC) for rotating electrical machines 221. Deep fat fryers, frying Pans and similar appliances 222. Double-capped fluorescent lamps performance specifications 223. Drives for gates,- doors and windows US IEC : 2002 US IEC : 2002 US IEC : 2002 US IEC : 1999 US IEC : 1999 US IEC : 1999 US EAS 378-8: 2005 Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action US IEC : 2004 US IEC 60081: 2002 TZS 508: 1992(E) US IEC : Electric dishwashers US IEC : Electric Fence energizers US IEC : Electric Irons US IEC Electrical us eas US EAS :2005 emergency stop devices with mechanical latching function 228. Electrical heat pumps, air conditioners and dehumidifiers 229. Electrical heating appliances for breeding and rearing animals US IEC : 2002 US IEC US IEC Electromechanical control US IEC : Page 141

161 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action circuits 2003 devices 231. Fans US IEC : TZS 448 (Part ):2002(E) 232. Fixed immersion heaters US IEC : Floor treatment and floor US IEC : cleaning machines for 2002 industrial and commercial use 234. Floor treatment Machines & wet scrubbing machines 235. Flourescent lamps for general lighting 236. Fluorescent lamps - Ballasts for tubular performance specifications US IEC : 2002 US 695: 1999 TZS 508: 1992(E) US IEC 60921: 2004 TZS 508: 1992(E) 237. Fluorescent Lamps -Single- US IEC 61199:1999 capped safety requirements 238. Fused Plugs US IEC TZS 612: 1999 (E) 239. General requirements for safety of electrical items US IEC TZS 448 (Part 2) Glow-starters for US IEC 60155:1993 fluorescent lamps 241. Grills, toasters and similar US IEC TZS 448 (Part 2- portable cooking appliances 9: ):1993(E) 242. Ironers US IEC : Kitchen- machines US IEC Lampholders for tubular US IEC 60400: 1999 fluorescent lamps and starterholders 245. Lamps- mercury Vapour lamps Performance specifications US IEC 60188: Edison Screw lamp holders US IEC : 2004 TZS 1473: Tungsten filament lamps for US IEC 60064:2005 domestic and similar general lighting purposes Performance requirements 248. Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment US 794 : 2007 Adopt and 249. Lamp caps and Holders US IEC : :2007 Page 142

162 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action togetherwith gauges for the control of interchangeability and safety part 1 : Lamp caps 250. Lamp caps and holders together with gauges for US IEC : : 2007 control of interchangeability and safety 251. Low-pressure Sodium US IEC 60192: 2001 vapour lamps performance specifications 252. Low-voltage switchgear US EAS 375-3: 2005 and control gear assemblies intended to be installed in places where unskilled persons have access for their use distribution boards 253. Conduits flexible pvc US261-2:2001/EAS conduits for electric wiring 179 corrugated conduits 254. Iron Sheets galvanized US 301:1993 TZS 353: 2001(E) plain and corrugated iron sheets 255. Lime (quicklime and US 291:2001 hydrated lime) for chemical industries 256. Lime for stabilization soil US 288: Locks and latches for US 192-1:2001 doors in buildings 258. Machetes US 162: Nails US 194-1:2001 TZS 19: 2009 (E) 260. Pipes High US Density polyethylene (PE-HD) pipes Part 2. dimensions 261. Pipes High density Polyethylene (PE-HD) pipes. Part 1. General quality requirements 262. Pipes and fittings made of unplasticised Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC-U)For water supply 263. Pre-painted Metal coated steel sheets and coils 264. Protective Helmets for motor cycle users (Second Edition) Specification 265. Retro reflective registration plates for motor 482-2:2003 US 482-1:2003 US 264-1:2001/EAS 182-1&2 TZS 606: 2001(E) US 663 :2006 US 774 : 2011 Adopt and US 775-1:2008 TZS 300: 2008 (E) Adopt and Page 143

163 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory vehicles Specification Part 1 Blanks (metal) 266. Retro-reflective registration number plates for motor vehicles-specification part 2 Metallic registration plates 267. Retro reflective warning signs for road vehicles chevron 268. Retro-reflective sheeting materials for traffic control signs 269. Road binders (Hydraulic) Composition, specification & conformity criteria 270. Roofing products Copper sheets 271. Roofing products Stainless steel sheets 272. Roofing products Steel sheets 273. Roofing products Zinc sheets Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action US 775-2:2008 TZS 300: 2008 (E) Adopt and US 533 :2006 TZS 791: 2003(E) US 401:1993 TZS 791: 2003(E) US 317:2003 TZS 721:2008(E) US 646 :2006 US 643 :2006 US 644 :2006 US 645 : Sand US 306: Screwdrivers impact US 256-5:2000 /EAS wrenches Steel bars for reinforcement US 155:1995 TZS 142: 2006 (E) of concrete 277. Steel pipes for water and US 159:2000 gas suitable for screwing 278. Steel sections rolled, US ISO 657-5:1976 equal leg and unequal-leg angles 279. Steel sections Hot rolled, equal-leg angles 280. Steel sheets dip aluminium zinc plain and corrugated US ISO 657-2: 1989 US 540 : Wheelbarrows US 158: Window stays fasteners US 196:2001 and handles for vertically hinged windows 283. Wrought Aluminium and aluminium alloy sheets, strips and plates 284. Zinc coated steel sheets and coils 285. Cold rolled steel sections- Specification US 328-1:2001/EAS 202- US 618 : 2006 US EAS 134:1999 Page 144

164 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory 286. Steel for The reinforcement of concrete Part 3: Welded fabric US EAS 412:2005 Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action 287. Plywood Classification US ISO 1096: Plywood Classification by surface appearance Part 1: General US ISO : Plywood Tolerances dimensions 290. Plywood Classification by surface appearance Part 2:Hardwood US ISO1954:1999 US ISO : Plywood Specifications US ISO 12465: Plywood Classification by surface appearance Part 3: Softwood US ISO 24263: Wood poles and blocks for power an telecommunication lines Specification 294. Copper/chromium/ arsenic composition for the preservation of timber Specification 295. Particleboardsspecifications 296. Specification for stabilized soil 297. Decorative melamine-faced boards- specifications 298. Ceramic tiles Grouts and adhesives Part 1: Terms, definitions and specification s for adhesives 299. Ceramic tiles Grouts and adhesives- part 3: terms, definitions and specification for grouts 300. Thermal solar systems & component factory made solar systems part1: general requirements 301. Custom built solar systems Part 1: General requirements 302. High pressure laminatessheets from thermosetting resins- part 1: classification and specification US 322:2002 US EAS 326:2002 TZS 656:2001(E) US 839:2009 Adopt and US 849:2011 Adopt and US 421:2005 EAS US ISO :2004 U S3:2004 US 855-1:2011 Adopt and US 857-1: 2011 Adopt and US ISO :1997 Adopt 303. Classification Of fires US 866:2011 Adopt and and Page 145

165 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory 304. Specification for expanded metal Part 1: Sheets and plates 305. Specification for expanded metal Part 2: Building products 306. Polypropylene (PP) Dimensions 307. Types 1, 2 and 3 Polypropylene (PP) pipes Part 2: General Quality requirements and testing 308. Polyethylene/aluminium/Pol yethylene (PE-AL-PE) And polyethylene- RT/aluminium/ polyethylene-rt (PERT- AL-PERT) composite pressure pipes Specification 309. Fire protection Fire Extinguishing media Carbondioxide 310. Fire extinguishing media Foam concentrates Part 1: Specification for low expansion Foam concentrates for top application to waterimmiscible liquids 311. Fire extinguishing mediafoam concentrates part 2: specification for medium and high expansion foam concentrates for top application to waterimmiscible liquids 312. Fire extinguishing Media Foam concentrates Part 3: Specification for low expansion foam concentrates for top application to watermiscible liquids 313. Cycles Safety requirements for bicycles 314. Fire fighting portable fire extinguishers performance and construction Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action US 895-1:2011 Adopt and US 895-2:2011 Adopt and US 898-1:2011 Adopt and US :2011 Adopt and US 927 :2011 Adopt and US ISO 5923:1989 US ISO :1995 US ISO :1995 US ISO :1999 US ISO 4210:1996 US ISO 7159:2009 Page 146

166 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory 315. Fire fighting portable fire extinguishers performance and construction 316. Fire fighting wheeled fire extinguishers performance and construction 317. National Flag of Uganda Specification 318. Aluminium cooking US pans 319. Sanitary specifications towels Disposable baby diapers Specification 321. Bed blankets Part 1 - Specifications of blankets made from suitable flame resistant fabrics 322. Safety matchesspecifications 323. Requirements- packaging and labelling of tobacco 324. General requirements for the production, distribution publishing and filing of audio/audio visual works of art Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action US ISO 7159:2009 TZS 1056: 2008(E) US ISO 11601:2008 US 1: :2000 US EAS 96:2009 TZS 279: 2001 (E) US 950:2011 Adopt and US 914-1:2011 Adopt and US EAS 125:2011 TZS 57: 1999(E) US 841:2009 US 842: Lipstick- specifications US 875:2009 Adopt and 326. Single-use medical US 883-1:2011 Adopt and examination gloves Part 1: Specification for Gloves made from rubber latex or 327. Single-use medical examination gloves Part 2: Specification for gloves made from poly (vinyl chloride) 328. Medical devices Surgical gowns, drapes and clean air suits, Part 1: General requirements 329. Medical devices Surgical gowns, drapes and clean air suits, Part 3: Performance requirements and performance levels 330. Single-use sterile rubber surgical gloves Specification US 883-2:2011 Adopt and US 966-1:2011 Adopt and US 966-3:2011 Adopt and US ISO 10282:2002 Page 147

167 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action 331. Single-use gloves for US ISO 25518:2009 Adopt and applications specification rubber general 332. Non-woven surgical US 706:2010 Adopt and dressing Specification 333. Medical syringes US 1018: Sterile hypodermic needles for single use US ISO 7864: Sterile hypodermic US ISO TZS 993 (Part 1): syringes for single use 2008(E) 1:1993 Part 1: Syringes formanual use 336. Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use Part 2: Syringes for Use with power- driven syringe pumps 337. Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use Part 3: Autodisable syringes for fixed-dose immunization 338. Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use Part 4: Syringes with re-use prevention feature 339. Sterile single-use syringes, with or without needle, for insulin 340. Prefilled syringes Part 2: Plunger stoppers for dental Local anaesthetic cartridges 341. Sterile, Single-use US intravascular catheters - Part 1: General requirements 342. Sterile, single-use intravascular catheters - Part 2: Angiographic catheters 343. Sterile, single-use intravascular catheters - Part 3: Central venous catheters 344. Sterile, single-use intravascular catheters - Part 4: Balloon dilation catheters US ISO :1996 TZS 993 (Part 2):2008(E US ISO :2005 TZS 993 (Part 3): 2008(E) US ISO :2006 TZS 993(Part 4):2008(E US 8537:2007 US ISO :2011 Adopt and ISO : 1995 US ISO :1996 US ISO :1996 US ISO :1996 Page 148

168 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory 345. Sterile, single-use intravascular catheters - Part 4: Balloon dilation catheters 346. Sterile, single-use intravascular catheters - Part 5: Over-needle peripheral catheters 347. Natural Latex rubber condoms- requirements US ISO :1996 US ISO :1996 Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action US ISO 4074:2002 TZS 632: 2006 (E) and test methods 348. Baby napkins US 244:2000 /EAS 154 TZS 914: 2006(E) 349. Baking powder US 571: Ball Point pens for General Use-Specification US 488:2003 TZS 71: 1980(E) 351. Bathing bars (soap) US 637: 2006 TZS 222: 1984(E) 352. Bondpaper specification US 821 : Chairs plastic monobloc US 634: Chemical Depilatories- US 506:2003 Specification 355. Cigarettes US 313:2006 TZS 454: 1992(E) 356. ColognenSpecification US 505:2003 TZS 881:2006 (E) 357. Cosmetics - labelling of cosmetics products-general requirements 358. Cosmetics (unwanted and US restricted components) US 484:2007 TZS 774: 2003(E) US 442-2:2002, 442 3:2002 TZS 638 (Part 2): 2006(E) 359. Disinfectants Quaternary ammonium US 653:2006 TS 802: 2004(E) 360. Distilled water US 123:2006 TZS 59: 1980(E) 361. Duplicating papers US 435: Engine oil US 249:1999 /EAS159 TZS 647: 2001(E) 363. Files & Folders US 434:2002 TZS 66: 1980(E) 364. Flexible Polyurethane foam for mattresses US 202:2006 TZS 360: 1996 (E) 365. Footwear Boots molded plastics, industrial use US ISO 5423: Footwear Boots molded plastics, 1992 industrial use US ISO 6112: Footwear Heavy- duty US 614 : 2005 Page 149

169 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action use 368. Footwear lined antistatic rubber US ISO 2251: Footwear rubber: or US ISO plastics 370. Footwear/Shoes infants US 651: Footwear/shoes ladies US 654: Footwear/men s shoes with stuck on outer soles (leather) part 1 flat lasted construction specification 373. Footwear/men s shoes with stack on outer soles ( leather ) part 2 : california type construction specification 374. Footwear/Men s shoes with stuck on outer soles (leather) part 3 : Moccasin type construction Specification 375. General requirements for fitness for purpose of household consumer products US 582 1: 2007 US : 2007 US : 2007 US 711 : Hair creams, lotions and gels specification US 487:2003 TZS 882:2006(E) 377. Henna Powder US 507:2003 TZS 813:2004 (E) 378. Hurricane lanterns US 161: Illuminating candles specification 380. Insecticide for treatment of mosquito nets 381. Insulated Flasks Specification 382. Kerosene for domestic heating and illumination(bik) 383. Netting materials for vector control 384. Nail polish removers specification part 1: solvent based US 762 : 2007 US 308:2001 TZS 696: 2002(E) US 768 : 2007 TZS 787: 2004 (E) US US 307:2011 Us 486: National cheque US 127: Handling of petroleum US 947-1:2011 Adopt and products and their derivatives part 1: sitting, Page 150

170 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory design and construction of service station 387. Petroleum and liquid petroleum products equipment for measurement of liquid levels in storage tanks manual methods 388. Automotive gasoline, premium motor spirit, Specification 389. Specification for denatured fuel ethanol as used for blending with gasoline 390. Gasohol Specification and E Specification for biodiesel fuel as used for blending with automotive gas oil 392. Road vehicles Specification of nonpetroleum-base brake fluids for hydraulic systems 393. Plastics codes for resin identification on plastic containers 394. Plastic containers for up to 5 litres US ISO 4512:2007 Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action US EAS 158: 2011 TZS 672: 2006 (E) Adopt and US 916:2011 Adopt and US 933:2011 Adopt and US 946:2011 Adopt and US 4925:2005 US 786 : 2008 US 438: Plastic basins specification US 766 : Plastic carrier bags and flat bags specification US 773 : 2007 TZS 927:2007(E) 397. Polish paste for floor and wooden US 575:2006 furniture 398. Pomades brilliantines US 485:2003 specification 399. Powder hair dyes aryl diamine US 489:2003 based specification 400. Pure petroleum jelly for US EAS :2007 TZS 318 (Part 1): cosmetics industry 1999 /Specification 401. Safety matches US 312:2001 TZS 57: 1999(E) 402. Safety razor blades and razors part 1 : Blades - specification US : 2007 TZS 273: 1986(E) 403. Safety razor blades and razors part 2 : Blades - specification US : Sanitary towels US 391-1:2002 TZS 279: 2001 (E) 405. Scholastic stationary US 820 : 2008 Page 151

171 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action specification 406. Scouring powder US 326:2001 TZS 225: 1984(E) 407. Skin powders specification part baby powders US 488: Laundry soap specification USEAS 31:2011 TZS 36: 2001(E) Adopt and 409. Synthetic laundry US EAS 127: 2011 TZS 39: 2006 (E) Adopt and detergents for household use Specification 410. Sodium carbonate US 572: Sodium hypochlorite US 327:2001 TZS 369: 2002(E) solution for domestic use 412. Stencil papers US 436: Textiles Fibre content US 426:2002 TZS 832:2005(E labeling 414. Timber cypress and pine US 323: Toilet paper US 126: Toilet soap Specification US EAS 186: 2011 TZS 37: 2001(E) 417. Antibacterial solid toilet Soap Specification 418. Liquid household hand dishwashing detergent specification 620. US EAS 766: 2011 US EAS :2011 TZS 581:2001(E) 419. Toothbrushes US 466: 2006 TZS 73: 1980(E) 420. Washing bars household US 638: Water for lead acid US EAS 121:2006 TZS 75: 1980(E) batteries 422. Wax Shoe polish US 573: Ammonium sulphate nitrate (ans) ferttiliser US 757 : 2007 TZS 158: 1983(E) 424. Calcium ammonium (can) specification nitrate fertiliser US 758 : 2007 TZS 777: 2003 (E 425. Monoammonium phosphate US 759 : 2007 TZS 893: 2006(E) (MAP) and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer specification 426. Potassium chloride (muriate of potash) Fertilizer grade - Specification 427. Urea fertilizer grade specification 428. Emulsion paints Specification US 760 : 2007 TZS 779: 2003(E) US 756 : 2007 TZS 776: 2003(E) US EAS 184: 2011 Page 152

172 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory 429. Decorative gross high paints specification 430. Road and runaway marking paints specification part 1: single pack solvent borne and water-born paints 431. Road and runaway marking paints specification Part 2: Single pack water borne paints 432. Requirements for hygiene in commercial skin penetration, hairdressing, and beauty and natural therapy 433. aluminium conductors and aluminium conductors steel reinforced for overhead power transmission all aluminium stranded conductors (aac) specification 434. Reels and drums for bare wires Specification 435. Steel Determination of phosphorus by alkalimetric method Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action US 743 : 2007 TZS 699:2009 (E US : 2007 TZS 721:2008(E) US :2007 US 713 : 2008 US 713 : 2008 TZS 7 (Part 1):1979(E) TZS 8: 1979(E TZS 15: 2009 (E) 436. Steel Clout or slate nail Specification TZS 16: 1979(E) 437. Steel Panel pins TZS 18: 2009 (E) Specification 438. Steel Round plain head nails Specification TZS 19: 2009 (E) 439. Black pepper and white pepper (whole and ground) TZS 30:1979(E) 440. Chilies and capsicums TZS 31: 1979(E) (whole and ground) 441. Turmeric whole and ground Specification TZS 46: 1979(E) 442. Ginger Whole in pieces and ground Specification TZS 47:1979(E) 443. Edible tallow Specification TZS 55: 1979(E) 444. Natural aggregates for TZS 58 (Part 2): 1980(E) RS 51:2004 concrete Specification 445. Mosquito coils TZS 60: 1979(E) 446. Aerosols Containers and TZS 61 (Part-1): 1979(E products General requirements for aerosol Page 153

173 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory containers Specification 447. Aerosols Containers and products Household aerosols against flying insects Specification 448. Correspondence envelopes Specification 449. School chalks Moulded White Specification 450. School exercise books and papers Specification 451. Sulphuric acid Specification 452. Processed tomato concentrates Specification 453. Hot teel bars for the reinforcement of concrete Specification Primary 454. Steel tubes Mild steel tubes and sockets screwed Tanzania Compulsory TZS 61 (Part-2): 1979(E) TZS 67: 1980(E) TZS 68: 1980(E) TZS 69: 2009 (E) TZS 74: 1980(E) TZS 87: 1983(E) TZS 142: 2006 (E) Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action TZS 152: 1982(E) 455. Pipe threads Specification TZS 153: 1982(E) 456. Steel tubes for structural purposes Specification 457. Triple super phosphate Specifications 458. Fertilizers Methods of sampling 459. Hexagon head bolts Product grades A & B Hexagon nuts product grade C 460. Hexagon nuts, style 1 Product grades A & B 461. Hexagon nuts, style 2 Product grade A & B 462. Hexagon head bolts Product grade C 463. Textiles Bed sheets Specification 464. Textiles Hospital bed sheets Specification 465. Gasous oxygen (technical grade) Specification 466. Gaseous oxygen (technical grade) Specification 467. Sodium silicate for industrial use Specification 468. Soap Liquid Specification TZS 154: 1982(E TZS 157: 1983(E) TZS 159: 2006 (E) TZS 172: 1983(E) TZS 174: 1983(E) TZS 175: 1983(E) TZS 176: 1983(E) TZS 213: 1984(E) TZS 214: 2001(E) TZS 217: 1984(E) TZS 218: 1984(E) TZS 219: 1984(E) TZS 220: 1984(E) Page 154

174 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action 469. Soap Carbolic TZS 21: 1984(E) Specification 470. Soap Soft Specification TZS 222: 1984(E) 471. Code of practice for safe TZS 237: 1984(E) use of polyethylene in contact with foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and drinking water 472. road vehicle Leaf springs - Specification 473. Road vehicles Steel based exhaust systems Specification 474. Farm implements Forged hand hoe Specification 475. Farm implements Single furrow animal drawn plough shares-specification TZS 238: 1984(E) TZS 239: 1984(E) ZS 242: 2011(E) Adopt and TZS 243: 1984(E) 476. Lemn juice Specification TZS 245: 1985(E) 477. Fruits quashes TZS 246: 1985(E) Specification 478. Orange juice TZS 247: 1985(E) Specification 479. Textiles Cotton curtain TZS 248: 1985(E) cloth, bleached, dyed, stripped or checked specification 480. Pyrethrum Space spray Specification 481. Hardened vegetable fats specification 482. Textiles Absorbent cotton gauze Specification 483. Concrete bricks and blocks (masonry units) Specification 484. Three phase Specification distribution transformers 11KV and 33KV TZS 270: 1986(E) TZS 272: 1986(E) TZS 278: 2001 (E) TZS 283: 2002 (E) TZS 284: 1986(E) 485. Mango juice Specification TZS 303: 2003(E) 486. Pineapple juice TZS 304: 1987(E) Specification 487. Shampoo, soap based Specification TZS 316: 2002(E) 488. shapoo, synthetic TZS 317: 2002(E) Detergent base Specification 489. Black tea Specification TZS 352: 1987(E) RS 37: Cloves Specification TZS 357: 2001 (E) Page 155

175 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action 491. Cardamoms Specification TZS 358: 1989(E) 492. Three Phase induction motors Rating and performance- Specification 493. Three Phase induction motors Dimensions and output ratings - Specification TZS 374 (Part 1): 1988(E) TZS 374 (Part 2): 1988(E) 494. Tyre econditioning TZS 427: 1989(E) 495. pickles TZS 433: 2003(E) 496. Chutneys Specification TZS 434: 2003 (E) 497. Cables for motor vehicles Specification TZS 443: 1990(E) 498. Kibuku Specification TZS 469: 1992(E) 499. Blood meal Specification TZ 548: 1995(E) 500. Ghe Specification TZS 571: 1997(E) 501. Automotive engineering Bus bodybuilding Code of practice A Socket Outlets switched and unswitched Specification 503. Macaroni, spaghetti and vermicelli Specification 504. Pneumatic tyres for passenger cars Specification 505. Cycles rubber tubes for tricycles and bicycles Specification 506. Class 0.5, 1 and 2 alternating Current watthour meter Specification 507. Textiles - Natural latex rubber condoms Requirements and test 508. Code of good manufacturing practice for cosmetic industries for cosmetics -List of substances that must not form part of cosmetic products, Generally Not Recognized As Safe TZS 598: 1999(E) TZS 611: 1999(E) TZS 615:1999(E) TZS 618: 1999(E) TZS 628: 2004(E) TZS 629: 2001(E) TZS 632: 2006 (E) TZS 638 (Part 2): 2006(E) Page 156

176 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory (GNRAS) 509. Code of good manufacturing practice for cosmetic industries for cosmetics- List of raw materials for cosmetic industry Dyes, Pigments and Colour Additives Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) 510. Ready to drink unfermented fruit flavour based alcoholic beverage Specification 511. Aviation turbine Fuel - Jet A-L Specification 512. Motor vehicle brake fluids Specification 513. Automotive radiators Materials Specification 514. Automotive radiators Test methods Tanzania Compulsory TZS 638 (Part 4): 2006(E) TZS 665: 2003(E) Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action TZS 666: 2001(E) TZS 667:2001(E) TZS 670: 2001(E) TZS 671:2001(E) 515. Fuel oils Specification TZS 673: 2001(E) 516. Automotive diesel fuel TS 674: 2006 (E) Specification 517. Multipurposeautomotive TZS 675: 2001(E) gear lubricants (EP) Specification 518. systems-cash-in-transit services 519. Security systems Control room/area 520. Wood preservation by means of pressure creosoting Specification TZS 681: 2002(E) TZS 682: 2002(E) TZS 685: 2002(E) 521. Malt drink Specification TZS 697: 2003(E) 522. Black tea Blended Specification TZS 728: 2002(E) 523. Code of practice for TZS 758: 2003(E) inspection and acceptance criteria for used textile products (mitumba) 524. Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations general requirements 525. Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations particular requirements electronic switches TZS 771 (Part 1): 2003(E TZS 771 (Part 2 1): 2003(E) Page 157

177 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory 526. Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations Particular requirements Remote control switches (RCS) 527. Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations particular requirements remote control switches (RCS) 528. Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations particular requirements time delay switches (TDS) 529. Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres Salt spray tests 530. Hand pumps- requirements lever arm hand operated water pumps general 531. Hand pumps- direct action hand operated water pumps general requirements 532. Automotive service greases Specification 533. Disinfectants Specification 534. Manhole covers and frames Specification 535. Cosmetics and air freshener aerosols- Specification 536. Cosmetic pencils Specification 537. Road Vehicles- Taximeters- Specification 538. Billboards size and location Specification 539. Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) Specification 540. Dextrose monohydrate Specification 541. Textiles Cotton bales Tanzania Compulsory TZS 771 (Part 2 2): 2003(E) TZS 771 (Part 2 2): 2003(E) TZS 771 (Part 2 3): 2003(E) TZS 788: 2003(E) TZS 790 (Part 1): 2004(E) TZS 790 (Part 2): 2004(E) TZS 798: 2004(E) TZS 801: 2004(E) TS 806: 2004(E) TZS 811:2004 (E) TZS 812:2004(E) TZS 814:2004(E) TZS 815:2004(E) TZS 818: 2004(E) TZS 830: 2004(E) TZS 832:2005(E) Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action Packing and Labeling 542. Energy drinks- Specification TZS 838: 2004(E) RS 18: Air quality Specification TZS 845:2006(E) 544. Tolerance limits of TZS 846:2005(E) Page 158

178 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action emissions discharged to the air by cement factories 545. Building lime TZS 849: 2005(E) Specification 546. Packaging Pictorial TZS 857:2006 (E) marking for handling of goods 547. Packaging Pictorial TZS 858: 2006(E) marking for handling of dangerous goods 548. General tolerance limits for TZS 860: 2006(E) municipal and industrial wastewaters 549. Chemical depilatory TZS 880: 2006(E) Specification 550. Neem herbal soap TZS 883: 2008 (E) Specification 551. Polyethylene tanks for TZS 892 (Part 1): storage of potable water 2007(E) Specification 552. Jatropha herbal soap TZS 894:2008 (E) Specification 553. Ccoa beans Specification TZS 905: 2006(E) 554. Vehicle systems TZS 908: 2006 (E) Specification for central power locking systems for motor vehicles 555. Vehicle systems Specification for central power locking systems formotor vehicles 556. Textiles Cotton socks - Specification 557. Laboratory glassware Test tubes Specification 558. Gasoline, aviation: Grade 80/87, 100/130 and 100/130 low lead: Specification (Joint Service Designated: AVDAS 100 and VGAS 100LL) 559. Metl roofing tiles Specification 560. Steel castings General technical delivery requirements 561. Soil quality Limits for soil contaminants in habitat and agriculture TZS 908: 2006 (E) ZS 913: 2006(E) TZS 944:2007 (E) TZS 945: 2007(E) TZS 948: 2007(E) TZS 955: 2007 (E) TZS 972:2007(E) 562. Air quality Vehicular TZS 983:2007(E) exhaust emissions limits 563. Sterile hypodermic syringes TZS 993 (Part 1): Page 159

179 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action for single use-syringes for 2008(E) manual use 564. Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use-syringes for TZS 993 (Part 2):2008(E) use with powerdriven syringe pumps 565. Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use-auto disable TZS 993 (Part 3): 2008(E) syringes for fixed-dose immunization 566. Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use-syringes with TZS 993(Part 4):2008(E) re-use prevention features 567. Photocopying paper TZS 1004:2008(E) Specification 568. Metre rules and rulers for office use-specification TZS 1006:2009(E) 569. Code of practice for the TZS 1007:2008(E) cleaning of petroleum storage tanks and disposal of sludge 570. Herbal soap Specification TZS 1009: 2008(E) 571. Neutral (fine) spirit TZS 1018: 2008(E) Specification 572. Reusable all-glass or metaland-glass TZS 1051 (Part 2):2008(E) syringes for medical use Design, performance requirements and test 573. Hypodermic needles for single use Colour coding for identification (Identical to ISO 6009:1992) 574. Sterile hypodermic needles for single use 575. Steel for pre-stressing of concrete- General requirements 576. Management of mercury in small scale gold mining and refining-code of practice TZS 1052: 2008(E) TZS 1053:2008(E) TZS 1058 (Part1): 2008(E) TS 1116:2009(E) Adopt and 577. Paratha (Chapatti) dough- TZS 1325: 2011 Adopt and specification 578. Information and TZS : 2011 documentation- records management- part 2: guidelines 579. Refined mustard oil- TZS 1391: 2011 Adopt and specification 580. Cream- determination of fat TZS 1393: 2011 Page 160

180 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action content by gravimetric method 581. Polyamines for treatment of TZS 1409: 2011 Adopt and water intended for human consumption specification 582. Chemicals used for TZS 1410: 2011 Adopt and treatment of water intended for human consumption- Anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamidesspecification 583. Fat spread and blended fat TZS 1412: 2011 Adopt and spreads - specification 584. Building hardware- TZS 1413: 2011 Adopt and padlocks and padlock fitting requirement and test methods 585. Agriculture equipment- four TZS 1415: 2011 Adopt and wheeled tractors- requirements 586. Agriculture equipment- disc TZS 1416: 2011 Adopt and plough- specification 587. Agricultural equipment- soil TZS 1418: 2011 Adopt and tillge and equipmentterminology 588. Furniture- chairs and tables TZS 1419 part 2: 2011 Adopt and for educational institutionspart 2: safety requirements and test methods 589. Sewing threads- TZS 1425: 2011 Adopt and specification: sewing threads made wholly or partly from synthetic fibres 590. Setting lotion- specification TZS 1428: 2011 Adopt and 591. Tea masala- specification TZS 1430: 2011 Adopt and 592. Refined edible rapeseed TZS 1431: 2011 Adopt and (canola) oil- specification 593. Pilau masala - specification TZS 1433: 2011 Adopt and 594. Resilient floor coveringexpanded (cushioned) poly (vinyl chloride) flooring covering specification 595. Gypsum binders and gypsum plasters TZS 1435: 2011 Adopt and TZS 1436 part 2: 2011 Adopt and 596. Timber structure- joints TZS 1437: 2011 Adopt and Page 161

181 Note: Burundi and Kenya are Voluntary, however goods have to comply with the standards to access their markets In Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mandatory standards exist and have to be complied with to access their markets No. Product Uganda Compulsory made with mechanical fasteners- general principles for the determination of strength and deformation characteristics 597. Timber structure- dowel type fasteners part 1: determination of yield moment 598. Soil shear test part 1: direct shear stress 599. Cement-part1: composition specification and conformity criteria for common cement Tanzania Compulsory Rwanda Compulsory Recommended Action TZS 1439: 2011 Adopt and TZS 1442 part 1: 2011 Adopt and RS 50-1 : Hygiene in the food and dri nk manufacturing industrycode of practice 601. passion fruit preserved excl usively by physical means specification 602. Guidelines for use of nutrition claims 603. Specification for tea sacks, part Specification for sausage, part 1 RS CAP/RCP RS 21:2004 RS CAP/GL RS ISO 884-1:1994 RS 54:2004 Page 162

182 Annex 8: Summary of Some Laws and Regulations that impact on trade in the EAC Partner States # Title of the Law/ Regulation 1 UGANDA The Uganda National Bureau of Act The Uganda National Bureau of (Import Inspection and Clearance) Regulations The Control of Agricultural Chemicals Act The National Environment (Management of Ozone Depleting Substances and Products) Regulations The National Environmental Act The Liquor Act The Dairy Industry Act National Drug Policy and Authority Act The Agricultural Seeds And Plant Act Objective(s) To establish the UNBS and its functions. To ensure that imported products that fall under mandatory standards conform to those national standards. To control and regulate the manufacture, storage, distribution and trade in use, importation and exportation of agricultural chemicals. To regulate the production, trade and use of controlled substances and products; To provide a system of data collection that will facilitate compliance with relevant reporting requirements under the Protocol; To promote the use of ozone friendly substances, products, equipment and technology; and To ensure the elimination of substances and products which deplete the ozone layer. To provide for sustainable management of the environment; To establish an authority as a coordinating, monitoring and supervisory body for that purpose. To regulate the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquor, and to provide for matters incidental thereto and connected therewith. To provide for the structure and functions of the Dairy Development Authority; to provide for the promotion and control of the production, processing and marketing of milk and dairy products and generally to facilitate the development of the dairy industry and for other connected matters. To establish a national drug policy and a national drug authority to ensure the availability, at all times, of essential, efficacious and cost-effective drugs to the entire population of Uganda, as a means of providing satisfactory health care and safeguarding the appropriate use of drugs. To provide for the promotion, regulation and control of plant breeding and variety release, multiplication, conditioning, marketing, importing and quality assurance of seeds and Products Affected All products with mandatory and voluntary standards All products that fall under mandatory Agricultural Chemicals Ozone Depleting Substances and Products Products degrade environment that the Intoxicating liquor Milk and Milk products Pharmaceuticals Seeds and Other Planting Materials Page 163

183 # Title of the Law/ Regulation The Cattle Traders Act The Enguli (Manufacture and Licensing) Act The External Trade Act The Dairy (Marketing and Processing of Milk and Milk Products) Regulations The Fish Act Objective(s) other planting materials and for other matters connected therewith. To provide for the regulation of cattle trading within Uganda. To regulate the manufacture, licensing and sale of enguli and for other purposes connected therewith. To make provision for the regulation of external trade and other matters incidental thereto and connected therewith. To regulate marketing and processing of Milk and Milk Products. To make provision for the control of fishing, the conservation of fish, the purchase, sale, marketing and processing of fish and matters connected therewith. To consolidate the law relating to the trade in The Hide and Skin Trade Act hides and skins. The Petroleum Act To make provision for restricting and regulating the import, transport and storage of petroleum. The Plant Protection Act (The Plant Protection (Importation of Plants) Order) The Uganda Coffee Development Authority Act The Tobacco (Control and Marketing) Act. The Food and Drugs Act The Uganda Tea Authority Act Products Affected Cattle Enguli Externally goods traded Milk and Milk Products Fish Hides and skins Petroleum To regulate the importation of Plants. Plants and plant materials To establish a public authority to promote and oversee the coffee industry as a whole by developing research and controlling the quality and improving the marketing of coffee and to provide for other matters connected therewith. To control the production and marketing of leaf tobacco and for matters incidental thereto and connected therewith. To make provision for the prevention of adulteration of food and drugs and for matters incidental thereto and connected therewith. To establish a tea authority for Uganda and to provide for other matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. Coffee Tobacco Leaves Food and Drugs Tea 2 KENYA The Act To promote the standardisation of the specification of commodities, and to provide for the standardisation of commodities and codes of practice; To establish a Kenya Bureau of, to define its functions and provide for its management and control; and for matters incidental to, and connected with, the foregoing. Kenya Commodities Page 164

184 # Title of the Law/ Regulation The (Quality Inspection of Imports) Regulations The Quality Inspection of Imports Order The Alcoholic Drinks Control Act Food, Drugs And Chemical Substances Act The Pharmacy and Poisons Act Agricultural (Export) Act Produce Objective(s) The regulate importation of scheduled goods. To regulate all imports to Kenya by subjecting them to quality inspection based on Kenya by the Kenya Bureau of at the port of entry. To provide for the regulation of the production, sale and consumption of alcoholic drinks. To make provision for the prevention of adulteration of food, drugs and chemical substances and for matters incidental thereto and connected therewith. To make better provision for the control of the profession of pharmacy and the trade in drugs and poisons. To provide for the grading and inspection of agricultural produce to be exported, and generally for the better regulation of the preparation andmanufacture thereof. Products Affected Imported Scheduled goods All imports Alcoholic drinks Food, drugs and chemical substances Drugs and poisons Agricultural produce for export Crop Production and Livestock Act Plant Protection Act The Plant Protection (Importation of Plants, Plant Products And Regulated Articles) Rules Seeds and Plant Varieties Act To make provision for the control and improvement of crop production and livestock, and the marketing and processing thereof. To make better provision for the prevention of the introduction and spread of disease destructive to plants. To regulate importation of a plant, plant product or regulated article. To regulate transactions in seeds, including provision for the testing and certification of seeds; for the establishment of an index of names of plant varieties. Crops and livestock Plants Plant and plant products Seeds Dairy Industry Act National Cereals and Produce Board Act To provide for the improvement and control of the dairy industry and its products. To regulate and control the marketing and processing of maize, wheat and scheduled agricultural produce; To establish a National Cereals and Produce Board; and to provide for connected purposes. Tea Act To make provision for regulating and controlling the production, manufacture and trade in tea, and for connected purposes. Pest Control Products Act To regulate the importation, exportation, manufacture, distribution and use of products used for the control of pests and of the organic unction of plants and animals and for Dairy products Maize, Wheat And Scheduled Agricultural Produce Tea Pest Products Control Page 165

185 # Title of the Law/ Regulation The Pest Control Products (Importation and Exportation) Regulation Meat Control Act Skin and Leather Trade Act Timber Act Objective(s) connected purposes. To regulate import or export a pest control product for commercial purposes. To regulate meat and meat products intended for human consumption, and over slaughterhouses and places where such meat is processed; and to provide for import and export control over such meat and meat products; and For matters incidental to and connected with the foregoing. To amend and consolidate the law relating to the trade in hides, skins and leather; to provide for the co-ordination and control of the trade and development of the hide, skin and leather industry; and for connected purposes. To provide for the more effective control of the sale and export of timber; for the grading inspection and marking of timber; for control of the handling of timber in transit; and for matters incidental to and connected with the foregoing. 3 TANZANIA The Compulsory Batch Certification of Imports (Compulsory Batch Certification Of Imports) Regulations The Act To provide for the promotion of the standardization of Specifications of commodities and services, to re-establish the Tanzania Bureau of and to provide better provisions for the functions, management and control of the Bureau, to repeal the standards Act, Cap.130 and to provide for other related matters. Products Affected Pest Products Control Meat and meat products intended for human consumption Hide, Skin and Leather Hide, Timber Imported Products Commodities services The To Certifiy Manfactured Products. All Manfactured (Certification) products Regulations Tested Products To Test Manufactured Products. All Products Regulations Food Labeling Regulation To Regulate the Labeling of Food. All Foods Importation and To Regulate Imported Food. Imported Food Exportation of Food Regulation Transportation of Meat To Regulate the Transportation of Meat. Meat Regulation Treatment and Disposal of To Regulate the Treatment and Disposal of Food Unfit Food Regulation Unfit Food. 4 RWANDA 4 Law N 43/2006 Of To determine the responsibilities, organisation All products and and Page 166

186 # Title of the Law/ Objective(s) Regulation 05/10/2006 and functioning of the Rwanda Bureau of (RBS). Law N 57/2008 Of 10/09/2008 Ministerial Guildline N o 1 To 25 Ministerial N 17/2012 Instructions Law N 16/2006 of 03/04/2006 Law N o 32/2012 of 30/08/2012 Law N o 40/2006 of 30/9/2006 Law N 41/2006 of 39/9/2006 To prohibite the manufacturing, usage, importation and sale of polythene bags in Rwanda. To regulate use of imported used electronics /ICT equipments. To Regulate Private certification bodies offering product and system certification. To determine the organisation, functioning and responsibilities of Rwanda environment management authority. Implementating of the convention on the prohibition of the development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons and on their destruction To establish and determine the organisation, responsibilities and functioning of Rwanda Agricultural Development Authority (RADA) Establish the responsibilities, structure and functioning of Rwanda Animal Resources Development Authority (RARDA). Products Affected services with Rwanda national standards Poythene bags used in packaging of various products Imported used electronics /ICT equipments Product and System that need to be certified All products that degrade the enviroment Chemical weapons Agricultural Products Livestock Page 167

187 ANNEX 9: Conformity Requirements for the Most Imported Products from the Rest of the World No. Product Relevant EAS Conformity requirements Remarks 1. Petroleum oils and related products EAS 158:2000 Clauses 4,5,6,7 Refer to the respective clauses for details EAS 159:2000 Clauses 4,5 Refer to the respective clauses for details 2. Motor vehicles No available EAS for motor vehicles 3. Edible fats and oils EAS 321: 2002 Clauses 4,5,6,7, 8,9,10 Refer to the respective clauses for details 4. Electrical apparatus for line telephony or No available EAS for Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy line telegraphy 5. Medicaments International Pharmacopoeia, National 6. Wheat grains and wheat flour 7. Iron, steel and related products 8. Aircraft (e.g. helicopters, aeroplanes); spacecraft and related 9. Polymers of ethylene, in primary forms Technical Regulations EAS 51:2000 Clauses 3, 4,5,6,7, 8,9 Refer to the respective clauses for details EAS 1 : 1998 Clauses 3, 4,5,6,7, 8,9,10 EAS 30:2000 Clause: 3,4,5,6 and 9 Refer to the EAS 11:2008 Clause: 3,4,5,6 respective clauses EAS 108:2008 Clause: 2,4,5,6,7 for details EAS 134:1999 Clause: 3,4,5 EAS 415:2005 Clause: 4,5,6,7,8 EAS 509:2008 Clause: 2,3,5,6 EAS 468:2008 Clause: 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 EAS 415:2005 Clause: 4,5,6,7,14 EAS 414:2005 Clause: 4,5,12,13 EAS 412-3:2005 Clause: 4,5,7,9,10 EAS 412-2:2005 Clause: 4,5,6,7,10,11 EAS 412-1:2005 Clause: 4,5,6,7,10,11 EAS 410:2005 Clause: 3,4,5,6,7 No available EAS No available EAS 10. Cement EAS 18-1:2001 Clause: 6,7,8,9 Refer to the EAS 73:2000 Clause: 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 respective clauses for details 11. Automatic data processing machines and magnetic readers No available EAS 12. Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy No available EAS 13. Sugar EAS 5:2000 Clause: 3,4,5,6,7,8 Refer to the EAS 8:2000 Clause: 3,4,5,6,7,8 respective clauses EAS 16:2000 Clause: 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 for details 14. Mineral or chemical fertilizers, No available EAS Page 168

188 No. Product Relevant EAS Conformity requirements Remarks nitrogenous 15. Motor vehicles spare No available EAS parts and accessories 16. Electric generating No available EAS sets and rotary converters 17. New pneumatic tyres, EAS 357:2004 Clause: 5,6,7,8,9,10 Refer to the of rubber respective clauses EAS 359:2004 Clause: 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12, for details 18. Milled Rice EAS 128: 1999 Clause: 4, 5,6,7,8,9 Refer to the respective clauses for details 19. Insecticides, No available EAS rodenticides. and similar products 20. Spark-ignition No available EAS reciprocating/ rotary internal combustion 21. Radio-communication/ No available EAS television transmission apparatus, cameras 22. Maize (corn) EAS 2:2005 Clause: 5,6,7,8,9,10,11 Refer to the respective clauses for details 23. Worn clothing and No available EAS other worn articles 24. Electric motors and No available EAS generators (excluding. generating sets) 25. Machinery for sorting, No available EAS agglomerating earth, stone and ores 26. Hydraulic turbines, No available EAS water wheels and regulators 27. Malt No available EAS 28. Glazed ceramic flags, No available EAS paving, hearth or wall tiles; mozaic cubes, etc 29. Insulated (including EAS 506-1:2008 Clause:4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 Refer to the enameled oranodised) EAS 503-1:2008 Clauses: 4, 5, 6 respective clauses wire, cable (including EAS 137-1:2000 Clauses: 4, 5, 6 for details coakial-cables EAS 137-2:2000 Clauses: 3, 4, 5, 6 EAS 137-3:2000 Clauses: 3, 4, 5 EAS 137-4: 2000 Clauses: 3, 4, 5, 6 EAS 498-2:2008, Clauses: 4, 5, 6, 7 EAS 498-1:2008 Clauses: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 EAS 498-3:2008 Clauses: 4, 5, 6, 7 EAS 114:1999 Clauses: 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14, Tubes, pipes, hoses and fittings EAS 116:1999 Clauses: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 EAS 117:1999 Clauses: 4 to 32 EAS 499-3:2008 Clauses: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 EAS 504:2008 EAS 375-5:2005 Clauses: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 EAS 182-1:2007 Clauses:2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 Refer to the EAS 419:2005 Clauses: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 respective clauses Page 169

189 No. Product Relevant EAS Conformity requirements Remarks EAS 426-1:2006 Clauses: 5, 6, 7, 8 for details EAS 592:2008 Clauses: Mixtures of odoriferous No available EAS substances used as raw materials in industry 32. Electrical EAS :2005 Clauses: 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 Refer to the transformers, static respective clauses converts and inductors for details 33. Edible salt EAS 35: 2000 Clause 4 and 5 Refer to the respective clauses for details 34. Carboys, bottles, No available EAS flasks, ampoules, stoppers and lids of glass 35. Motorcycles (including. No available EAS mopeds) and cycles fitted with an auxiliary motor 36. Dish washing No available EAS machines, machinery for cleaning filling and aerating 37. Soap and detergents EAS 31:2000 Clause: 4,5,6,7,8 Refer to the EAS 186:2000 Clause: 3,4,5,6,7 respective clauses EAS 127:1999 Clause: 3,4,5,6, for details EAS 296:2002 Clause: 4,5,6 EAS 383:2005 Clause: 4,5,6,7,8,9 EAS 294:2002 Clause: 3,4,5,6, EAS 295:2002 Clause: 3,4,5,6, 38. Seats No available EAS 39. Dairy and dairy products 40. Bitumen and asphalt, natural; bituminous or oil shale and asphaltites. 41. Primary cells and primary batteries EAS 27:2007 Clause: 4,5,6,7,8,9,10 Refer to the EAS 49:2007 Clause: 4,5,6,7,8,9,10 respective clauses EAS 70:2007 Clause: 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 for details EAS 78:2000 Clause: 3,4,5 EAS 87:2007 Clause: 4,5,6,7,8,9 EAS 22:2007 Clause: 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 No available EAS EAS 3-1:1998 Clause: 4,5,6,7,8 Refer to the EAS 3-2:1998 Clause: 5,6,7 respective clauses for details 42. Hand tools (e.g. hoes) EAS 132: 1999 Clause: 4,5,6,7,8, 9, 10,11 Refer to the respective clauses for details Source: EAC Catalogue and EAC website Page 170

190 ANNEX 10: Institutions Contacted # INSTITUTION PERSON CONTACTED TITLE CONTACT Uganda 1 Uganda Manufacturer s Association Oketcho Lawrence Micheal Manager, Policy and Advocacy / , [email protected], [email protected] 2 Uganda Manufacturer s Association Godfrey Ssali Policy and Advocacy officer / , [email protected] [email protected] 3 East African Portland Cement Co. ltd Abraham Kiprotich Country Manager Uganda / [email protected] 4 Private Sector Foundation Uganda Moses Ogwal Director Policy and Advocacy / , [email protected] 5 Kampala City Traders Kayondo Everest Chairman / , Association 6 Brooke Side Dairy ltd John Muhangi Garubanda 7 East African Portland Cement Co. ltd Benjamin Mwenda [email protected] Sales Supervisor / / , [email protected] [email protected] Finance and Administration Manager / [email protected] [email protected] 8 East African Grain Council Benjamin Aijuka Program Officer / / [email protected] 9 East African Grain Council Getrude Nakakeeto Market Monitor Supervisor / gnakakeeto@[email protected] 10 ABACUS Anatharaman N Chief Executive Officer / [email protected] 11 KACITA UGANDA Moses S. Kalule Chief Executive Officer / / [email protected] [email protected] 12 Ministry of East African Community Affairs Rashid Kibowa Commissioner Economic Affairs / [email protected]/[email protected] om 13 Uganda Manufacturer s Association Sebaggala M. Kigozi Executive Director / [email protected]/[email protected] 14 Hima Cement Managing Director Tororo Cement Managing Director Sameer Dairy Rajeeu Sesuastaua Head Of Sales /5 [email protected] 17 Uganda National Bureau of Dr. Ben Manyindo Executive Director Tel: Fax: [email protected] 18 Uganda National Bureau Martin Imalingat In-Charge EAC Liaison [email protected] of 19 Uganda National Bureau of Deus Mubangizi Manager Testing / [email protected] 20 Uganda National Bureau George Opiyo National TBT Enquiry [email protected] of Point 21 Mukwano Industries Managing Director / , 22 Uganda Export Promotion Board Executive Director Uganda National Chamber Of Commerce Omar Kassim First President / / Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries 25 Dairy Development Authority (DDA) 26 Uganda Coffee Development Authority Tumuboine Ephrance Baguma Audax Agnes Rita Kyamuhangire Principal Agriculture Inspector Regulatory Services Manager Senior Quality Controller [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Page 171

191 # INSTITUTION PERSON CONTACTED TITLE CONTACT 27 Uganda Coffee Federation Emong Samson Program Manager / Quality Assurance Services Ltd Gyaviira Musoke Lead Consultant / Horticultural Exporters David Lule Chairman Association of Uganda 30 National Union of Coffee Agribusiness and Farm Joseph Nkandu Executive Director / Enterprises 31 Uganda Coffee James Rogers Kizito Principal Information / Development Authority Mayanja Officer 32 Britania Allied Industries Vinay Dawda Managing Director Uganda Flowers Exporters Association Ms. Juliet Musoke Executive Director National Union of Coffee Mutyaba Musa Production Officer Agribusiness and Farm Enterprises 35 Uganda Revenue Authority Shilla Kyamugisaha Revenue officer Burundi 36 Office Du The Du Burundi Nkeshimana Thomas Head marketing & QC / / Burundian Bureau Of & Quality Damien Nakobedetse Director / Control 38 Ministry of energy and Damien Riragonya Technical Advisor / Mines 39 Ministry of Agriculture & Eng. Nitunga Olivier Expert Production Livestock Horticole 40 Hides & skins Processors Venat Barandiguza African Technical and Exporters Director 41 Ministry of commerce and Dismas Advisor to minister and Industry Baradandikanya Ministry Spokesperson 42 AFRITAN Bede Bedetse CEO Burundian Bureau Of Desire Rudaragi Head Certification & Quality Control Rwanda 44 Rwanda Bureau of Mukeshiyaremye Athanasie Director of standards Unit / Rwanda Agricultural Niyikiza Daniel National Seed Board Coordinator 46 Private Sector Foundation Mbonigaba Laurent Head of institutional Coffee Exporters and Processors Association in Rwanda Relations Grace Muhorakeye Executive Secretary Rwanda Mountain Tea Ltd Ephraim Turahirwa General Manager / Rwanda Revenue Authority 50 National Export Development Board John Baptist Bizimungu Customs Stastics Pierre Claver Gahakwa Director Of Certification Page 172

192 # INSTITUTION PERSON CONTACTED TITLE CONTACT Tanzania 51 Tanzania Electric Supply Company Ltd ENG. Felchesmi J. Miramba Ag. Managing Director / /8 52 Alpha Associates (T) Ltd Alphonce D. Massaga Managing Director / Omasi Group Marketing Liomo Laizer Sales Account Manager / Omasi Group Marketing Justin Shirima Sales and Marketing Manager / East African Community Micheal M. Lugaiya Principal Customs Officer / / East African Community Willy Musinguzi Officer TAN ELEC LTD Jose Miguel General Manager 58 Confederation of Tanzania Industries 59 Tanzania Chamber Of Commerce Industry and Agriculture 60 Tanzania Chamber of Commerce Industry and Agriculture Anna kiango Mwesigwa M. Philip UNV Project Coordinator / Executive Director 61 Lodhia Group Of companies 62 Tanzania Cotton Board James N. Shimbe Director Regulatory Services Manoj S.G. CFO / / Tanzania Private Sector Foundation Rehema Mtigwa Communications Officer / Mufindi Paper A.Sai Ram Marketing Manager Darsh Industries Ltd Bhadresh Pandit Managing Director Tanzania Organic Certification Association Obadiah N Msaki Manager / [email protected]/[email protected] 67 Tanzania China Friendship Textile Co. Salum R.J. Dilunga Deputy commercial Manager / Tanzania Bureau Of David Ndibalema Quality assurance Officer / [email protected] 69 Sun Flag Tanzania Ltd Hamant Shama Financial Controller / [email protected] 70 Mt. Meru Millers General Manager Arusha 71 Arusha Coffee Mill Ltd General Manager / ASILIA LTD Condrad Leo Kweka Managing Director / [email protected] [email protected] 73 Tea Board Of Tanzania Nicholaus William Mauya 74 Tanzania Horticultural Association Isaac P. Ndamanhyilu Lincencing and Inspection Manager / [email protected] [email protected] Technical Liaison Officer / [email protected] [email protected] 75 Tanzania Bureau Of Eng. Thomas M. Mnunguli Head, Electrical Engineering/ International Liaison / [email protected] [email protected] 76 Tanzania Bureau Of Leandri S. Kinabo Director / Page 173

193 # INSTITUTION PERSON CONTACTED TITLE CONTACT Development / Ag. Executive director [email protected] [email protected] 77 Tanzania Chamber Of Fina Felix Regional Executive Office [email protected] Commerce Industry and Agriculture (TCCIA Arusha) Mwanambiumbi TCCA Arusha 78 Arusha Coffee Mill Ltd General Manager / National Milling Mitinangi Joshua Mill Manager Corperation 80 Tanzania Food and Drug Director Food Safety [email protected] Authority 81 Tanzania Food and Drug Director medicaments and [email protected] Authority cosmetics 82 Tanzania Revenue Customs Officer Customs Statistics Headquaters Dar-es-Salaam Authority Kenya 83 The Kenya National Chamber of Commerce & Industry 84 The Kenya National Chamber of Commerce & Industry 85 Kenya Bureau of James Mwangi Ndegwa George G. Wangima Magaret Aleke Chief Accountant / [email protected] Manager Trade Development Manager Food and Agriculture [email protected] [email protected] / [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 86 Kenya Bureau of Tobias Ololo Assistant Manager - EAC/COMESA 87 Kenya Flower Council Jane M. Ngige Chief Executive / Kenya Revenue Authority Hadi Abdullah Senior Assistant / Commissioner [email protected] 89 Kenya Association Of Maria Limo Secretariat Edible Oils Manufacturers Subsector / / Maria.limo@k am.co.ke 90 Maharata Food Co. Ltd Eunice Waithera Sales Executive / [email protected] 91 East African Grain Council Samuel Ruto [email protected] 92 Horticulural Crops Development Authority Carol Mumbi Megh Cushion Industries Ltd. G. S. KENTH Managing Director / [email protected] 94 Farmer s Choice Ltd S. C. G. STRONG Administration Director [email protected] 95 COOK N LITE LTD Paul Byomukeshi / [email protected] 96 Fresh Producers Exporters Francis Wario Training and [email protected] Association of Kenya Mwangi Expert 97 BOC Kenya Ltd Keneth Ichamiya Supply Process Manager [email protected] 98 Kenafric Industries Ltd Janice Ngulu [email protected]; Page 174

194 Annex 11: Terms of Reference 1. BACKGROUND 1.1 Introduction The East African Business Council (EABC) is the apex body of business associations of the Private Sector and Corporate bodies from the five East African Community Member Countries and is at the forefront of facilitating private sector participation in the integration process of the East African Community (EAC). The EABC has established an EAC regional private sector standards platform in response to the challenges and unnecessary trade barriers faced by suppliers in intra-regional trade due to differences in technical regulation and standards amongst EAC Partner States. To deal with these challenges the Platform adopted the following strategies for the next three to five years: v. Persuade and work with the relevant EAC structures, the East African Committee (EASC), towards a common East African Technical Regulation Framework in order to harmonize the disparities in technical regulation development and administration currently experienced; vi. Facilitate the further harmonization of standards across the region by presenting private sector needs to the regional technical committees, and by increased and active participation in their development; vii. Communicate actively at the Sectoral Council of Trade, Industry Investment and Finance to initiate and implement necessary changes to the current situation regarding standards and technical regulations; and viii. Actively engage with the EASC as well as its national counterparts in order to bring about the necessary changes required to enhance intra-regional trade without negating the safety and health aspects of products and services. 1.2 Objective of the Assignment The broad objective of the study is to generate data that can assist to inform the private sector propose position(s) suggesting best actions to fast-track the harmonization of standards and the development of technical regulations framework with a view of promoting free movement of goods in the EAC. 1.3 The Specific Tasks In order to meet the stated objective mentioned above the study will specifically: i. Identify the most traded products in the EAC region by each partner state in the last 5 years; ii. Identify the most exported products by each partner state to the world in the last 5 years; iii. Identify the most imported products by each partner state into the EAC region in the last 5 years; iv. Identify priority sectors (current and prospective) for intra-trade for each partner state; Page 175

195 v. Identify the standards covering the most traded products (as identified above ) and recommend the standards that need to be developed, harmonized, reviewed or withdrawn so as to facilitate intra EAC trade; vi. Identify the conformity requirements for the most imported products (as identified in (iii) above; vii. Recommend possible options/strategies to fast-track the harmonization process; viii. Identify national technical regulations existing in each partner states; establishing the objectives of such regulations and their impact to the private sector; ix. Identify the national technical regulations that impede implementation of standards; x. Draw various lessons from other Regional economic blocks on: xi. harmonization xii. Technical regulations development; xiii. Recommend a technical regulations framework that would be suitable for EAC. 2. DELIVERABLES The study is expected to deliver the following: i. List of EAC priority sectors ii. List of EAC most traded goods iii. List of EAC most imported goods as raw materials for manufacturing iv. List of standards of the most traded goods that need to be prioritised for development, harmonization, revision or withdrawal. v. List of existing technical regulations in EAC vi. List of technical regulations that need be prioritised for revision or withdrawal vii. Recommended strategies for fast tracking the standardisation process in EAC viii. Recommended strategies for harmonisation of conformity assessments for imported goods ix. Recommended technical regulations framework for EAC. Page 176

196 References Report of EAC and Technical Regulations Study 1. African Development Bank Group (2008): Country Strategy Paper. 2. APEC: Information Notes on Good Regulatory Practice. 3. Budget for Community for the Financial Year 2010/2011: To the East African Legislative Assembly. 4. Budget Speeches Burundi : 2012, 2011, Budget Speeches EAC: 2012, 2011, Budget Speeches Kenya: 2012, 2011, Budget Speeches Rwanda: 2012, 2011, Budget Speeches Tanzania: 2012, 2011, Budget Speeches Uganda: 2012, 2011, Burundi Vision COMESA (2008): Trade Profile. 12. COMESA (2010): Framework for the Development of a COMESA Regional CAADP Compact. 13. COMESA Twenty Eighth Meeting of the Trade and Customs Committee July 2012 Lusaka, Zambia. 14. EAC (2005): Procedures for the Development of East African 15. EAC (2006): Trade Report. 16. EAC (2007): Trade Report. 17. EAC (2008): Testing Laboratories and Designation Regulations 18. EAC (2008): The East African Community Customs management (Duty Remission) Regulations. 19. EAC (2008): Trade Report. 20. EAC (2009): Customs Union and Economic Integration: The European Experience 21. EAC (2009): East African Community Gazette. 22. EAC (2009): Free Movement of Goods, Collection and Accounting of Customs Revenue in the Customs Union. 23. EAC (2009): Trade Report. 24. EAC (2010): Trade Report. 25. EAC (2012): Procedure Manual for Application of the Duty Remission Regulations. 26. EAC Industrialization Policy EAC Industrialization Strategy EAC (2010): East African Community Gazette. 29. EAC, (2012): Certification: An Opportunity for the Growth of the Industry and Service Sector in Rwanda. 30. EAC, (2012): East African Community Gazette. 31. EAC, (2012): Extra Ordinary meeting of the East African Committee. 32. EAC Harmonization and Mutual Recognition of Regulations and for Food Safety. 33. EAC Monitoring Mechanism for Elimination of Non-Tariff Barriers in EAC. 34. EAC Principles and Procedures for the Development and Adoption of Tripartite. Page 177

197 35. EAC Protocol on the Establishment of the East African Community Common Market. 36. EAC Protocol on the Establishment of the East African Customs Union 37. EAC (2011): Budgetary Statement 38. EAC (2012): Common External Tariff 2012 Version 39. East African Business Council (2012): Brief On Key Issues Affecting The Private Sector In The EAC: Presented to H.E. Yoweri Museveni 40. European Union (2002): The new European Union regulatory framework for electronic communications: Convergence and Regulation. 41. European Union: The EU in the world 2013: A statistical portrait. 42. IMF (2008): Burundi: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Second Implementation Report 43. Ivar Foss (2004): Promoting Exports Through Quality and Product Safety 44. John Keyser, Counting the Costs of Compliance with Trade Requirements from a Value Chain Perspective: 45. Kenya Vision Ministry Finance Uganda : A Guide to Good Regulation 47. Ministry Finance Uganda (2010): National Development Plan 48. Ministry Finance Uganda: Uganda vision National Institute Of Statistics Of Rwanda,(2011): Rwanda External Trade Statistics 50. National Institute Of Statistics Of Rwanda,(2011): Statistical Year Book 51. Nico Meyer, Tamas Fenyes, Martin Breitenbach, Ernst Idsardi, (2010), Agreements and Technical Barriers to Trade: An African Perspective 52. Paul Brenton and Gözde Isik De-Fragmenting Africa Deepening Regional Trade Integration in Goods and Services 53. Queens Land Government Guidelines on Alternatives to Prescriptive Regulation 54. Republic of Rwanda (2007), Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy 55. Rwanda Bureau Statistics (2011), WTO/TBT Monthly Notifications Bulletin 56. Rwanda Vision SADC (2010): Export Summary 58. SADC (2008): Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Annex to the SADC Protocol on Trade 59. Sergio López Castillo AFITI LICOF, Spain Benefits and Disadvantages of the European Standardization 60. SQMT (2006): The East African Community Standardization, Quality Assurance And Testing Act 61. SQMT (2006): The EAC Legislation on SQMT 62. Catalogue (2010): Catalogue Of East African 63. Tanzania Bureau of standards ( 2009): Compulsory Tanzania 64. Tanzania Bureau of standards (2009): Catalogue 65. Tanzania Vision The New Vision News Paper (2012) : EAC States Agree On Grains and Cereals 67. Uganda National Bureau of (2012): Uganda Compulsory. Page 178

198 68. Uganda National Bureau of (2012): Uganda Catalogue 69. WTO (2012): International Trade Statistics 70. WTO Agreements on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (WTO/SPS Agreement) 71. WTO Agreements on the Technical Barriers of Trade WTO/TBT Agreement 72. WTO Report (2012): Trade and Public Policies: A Closer Look at Non-Tariff Measures in the 21 st Century 73. WTO (2012): International Trade Statistics Page 179