Architectural Approach in Designing IT Solutions

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1 , pp Architectural Approach in Designing IT Solutions Wibowo Kosasih 1, Ford Lumban Gaol 1, Gerardus Polla 1 1 Bina Nusantara University, Doctor of Research in Management, Jl. Kebon Jeruk Raya No. 27, Kebon Jeruk Jakarta Barat 11530, Indonesia wibowo@binus.ac.id, fgaol@binus.edu, gerardp@binus.edu Abstract. Information technology has become one of determinant strategic advantage for companies. IT can be considered as a strategic asset that can increase company s value. But until now the success rate of IT implementation is still relatively low, and high level risk of failure. On the other hand, the architecture of the building and construction industry has reached a wellestablished and have a high rate of successful implementation. This paper studies important success factors of building architectures and compares with IT implementation practices. This paper was developed by studying the literature, interviews and discussions with business people. The results of synthesis and analysis of information obtained provides recommendations for the use of architectural approaches improve the success rate of IT implementation in national companies. Keywords: Building Architecture, Construction Industry, IT Architecture, IT Implementation, Architecture Management Office. 1 Introduction The methodology of building construction has reached mature established, such a stage that the construction of a building can be done quickly and efficiently. IT implementation in the companies still having low success rate [5], [6]. There is a high degree of possibility that costly IT implementation will be failed and unused [7], [8]. This resulted in the IT initiative has a relatively high risk and inefficiency are great. This paper seeks to identify the causes and find solution, by develop methodologies to bridge the gap between the solution and problems. 2 Learning from the Construction Industry In constructing a building there are a wide range of disciplines, from architectural design, civil engineering, land, structure, electrical, piping, etc., should coordinate with each other into a single unit. There are several reasons that influencing high rate of success in building construction industry. ISSN: ASTL Copyright 2015 SERSC

2 1. Building construction industry is an industry that is old and well established. Even with the collective knowledge has existed since thousands of years of human culture there. [12], [13] 2. Industry Association, which has a long and influential standing. This association formed a strong community base for the development of an industry. The existence of an association indicates that the industry has had a significant scale for the growth of national industry. 3. The construction industry has a standard body of knowledge that rich and wellestablished. Building construction industry has accumulated extensive knowledge and being integrated by years of experience. 4. International working standard which globally accepted. Standardization is one of the requirements to achieve efficiency. Industrial building construction has reached the stage of maturity and establishment. 5. Using Prefabrication methods to improve efficiency and communication. As a result designers are increasingly dominant role, because before the building is done all the components must be 'finished' on the table [4], [17]. 6. Industrial growth is relatively stable and steady. The need for housing is of people primary needs. As long as there is still a cultured people and civilization, hence the need for homes and buildings will continue to evolve. [14]. 3 The failure causes of Information Technology Implementation There are some obstacles in the application of IT in companies, especially companies in Indonesia. The following are some of the causes are inferred from the results of interviews with several IT executives and managers in various national companies. 1. Constraint 1: IT Position is still seen as a support and still not be seen as strategic value. IT function is still limited as service support infrastructure, such as the Internet, communication, antivirus, and computer repair. 2. Constraint 2: IT Literacy and Awareness of the majority of IT users in the company is still relatively low. Many companies that have implemented expensive IT systems, in the end not reach the goals intended. It s because users neglected the system, they do not want to change and return to the old ways and habits. 3. Constraint 3: Implementation of IT has an impact on changes in work culture, and this requires changes. The most difficult thing is to change the pattern of someone who is already accustomed to working with old habits. The need for communication aspects, learning and motivation and change management must be supported by top management. 4. Constraint 4: The presumption that IT is a miracle drug that can directly resolve company problems. When IT failed to comply with existing problems, it will increase the negative perception of the IT implementation. 5. Constraint 6: IT companies in Indonesia is still heavy dependent to IT vendors. Lack of alternative companies to system integrators and IT professionals who can provide solutions according to the needs of the company. 172 Copyright 2015 SERSC

3 4 IT Implementation Characteristics Judging from the way the work of an architect, building the IT implementation is necessary to an understanding of the character of the company. From the results of a qualitative study, the obtained three groups of characters from companies that require IT implementation. The three characters are derived from a few elements that make up the character trait. Figure 1 shows the three characters. Fig. 1. Characteristics of Information Technology Implementation 4.1. Character 1: Governance. In this character, preferred to support the implementation of IT governance, appropriateness and compliance. Implementation should have equipped standardization of national and international certification. Company or organization that is included in the character is banking or government institutions. This character trait has 3 goals, namely: 1. Compliance: Regarding how IT implementation in accordance with the Best Practice owned by industry and association. 2. Regulation: Regarding how IT implementation in accordance with the rules and policies of the company, and or regulations set by the government against the industry. 3. Standardization: About how to support the standardization work and operational support systems standard. This is intended to ensure the efficiency and eliminate the dependence on human factors and prioritize system Character 2: Operation. In this character, IT implementation is intended to support the company's operations in order to run effectively and efficiently. Companies that have this character is a manufacturing and trading company. This character trait has 3 goals, namely: Copyright 2015 SERSC 173

4 1. Efficiency: How IT can support the efficiency of the company. Save costs, speed up production and increase capacity. 2. Utilization: How to support the increasing utilization of IT implementation or use of the assets of the company. So it can be used optimally and generate a better return. 3. Rejuvenation: How IT implementations, can manage the maintenance and rejuvenation of the means of production that needs to be updated. So that it can improve the performance and organizational performance Character 3: Growth. IT implementation leads to the development of business. In this character IT no longer seen as a support, but as a strategic asset of the company in developing its business expansion. Generally, companies that have this character is IT and Telecommunications Company or technology-based companies. IT is the business itself. 1. Innovation: How IT support innovation for the development of business models and expand the company's market share by reaching new customers. Blue Ocean Strategy. High-tech companies such as Apple, Google and Facebook are very thick with innovation in their business strategy. 2. Value Creation: Creating new value chains that disrupt the business landscape from old pattern. Such as Air Asia or FedEx. 3. Expansion: How IT supports the expansion and the expansion of the company. Both production capacity and market share expansion. 6 Summary and Conclusion IT players and professionals need continuing efforts to find the answer and solution for the challenges facing IT industry today. Information Technology is no longer seen as a cost or expenditure, but how IT is seen as an asset that brings business value to the company. Create new business models that produce innovative products or services. How IT will increase the efficiency of business operations and support the green economy. A building architect, design a building for the owner or investor. A building can be seen as an asset that brings value to its owner. Thus the task of IT Architects IT profession is to build IT assets to owners. But how to look at the overall IT asset as an investment that brings value to the owner. Resembles the task of the profession of an architect of the building, which is designing and building a valuable asset for the owner. This paper is expected to be the starting point for further studies. Qualitative nature of this paper, is fully realized by the author. This paper is a rational analysis based on field experience and practice of the author. As well as data collection is done based on the results of discussions and interviews. Therefore, it is necessary to study further with empirical approach. 174 Copyright 2015 SERSC

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