Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence

Transcription

1 Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 728 Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science Edited by J. Siekmann Lecture Notes in Computer Science Edited by G. Goos and J. Hartmanis

2 Pietro Torasso (Ed.) Advances m Artificial Intelligence Third Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, AI* IA '93 Torino, Italy, October 26-28, 1993 Proceedings Spfinger-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest

3 Series Editor J6rg Siekmann University of Saarland German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D Saarbr~icken, Germany Volume Editor Pietro Torasso Dipartimento di Informatica, Universit5 di Torino Corso Svizzera 185, Torino, Italia CR Subject Classification (1991): 1.2 ISBN Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, refroduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. 9 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1993 Printed in Germany Typesetting: Camera ready by author Printing and binding: Druckhaus Beltz, Hemsbach/Bergstr Printed on acid-free paper

4 Preface This book contains 22 long papers and 13 short ones which have been selected for the Scientific Track of the Third Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence. Long papers are intended to report completed work, whereas short papers are mainly devoted to ongoing research. The Program Committee has strictly enforced the rule that only original and unpublished work can be considered for inclusion in the Scientific Track. The papers report on significant work carried out in the different subfields of Artificial Intelligence, not only in Italy, but also in other European countries as well as outside Europe. Although the congress is organized by the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, it has a truly international character because of the invited speakers (Prof. Tom Mitchell, CMU, USA, Prof. Jean-Paul Barthes, Universitfi de Technologie de Compiegne, France, Dr. Bernhard Nebel, DFKI, Germany), the number of papers presented by foreign authors, and the large number of submissions (roughly 40% of the total) coming from abroad. The Program Committee had a hard job in evaluating the manuscripts submitted for publications since for most papers three independent reviews have been obtained (in some cases four). Therefore, we believe that the book is a relevant source of information for understanding which are the currently active areas of research and the new promising directions in the AI field. Even if a single book cannot provide a complete picture of what is going on in AI (for example the areas of Perception and Vision, Qualitative Reasoning and Distributed Artificial Intelligence are somewhat underrepresented with respect the amount of activity carried on in Italy), some directions can be singled out. Areas such as Automated R.easoning, Knowledge l~epresentation and Natural Language (which have a well-established tradition in Italy) continue to attract significant amount of interest. Machine Learning has recently attracted a lot of attention (not only among Italian scientists): the area has matured rapidly and a variety of approaches are currently being investigated, ranging from logical approaches (such as in Inductive Logic Programming) to numeric ones (as in genetic algorithms). This variety of approaches is well documented in the papers collected in the book. Connectionism (or, more generally, subsymbolic approaches) has recently attracted significant interest within the AI community. In the book the application of subsymbolic approaches to perception and vision as

5 V~ well as to quite different problems is documented. Moreover, a increasing attention is being paid to the mechanisms for integrating symbolic and subsymbolic methods. Inspecting the contents of the book, a growing interest for an explicit representation of time is apparent. The capability of developing an explicit representation of time and the need of performing temporal reasoning in an efficient way is relevant not only in the area of knowledge representation, but also in planning, robotics and reasoning about physical systems. In achieving the goal of organizing a congress of high scientific level, the contribution and the efforts of many persons have to be acknowledged: beside authors, the Program Committee members and the referees (whose names are listed in the following pages) deserve my gratitude. The financial support by Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Comitato Scienze d'ingegneria e Architettura e Comitato Scienze e Tecnologia dell'informazione) for partially covering the publication cost of the book is acknowledged. Torino, July 1993 Piero Torasso AI*IA '93 Program Chairman

6 Program Chairman Pietro TORASSO (Universith di Torino) Program Committee. Scientific Track Giovanni ADORNI (Universit~ di Parma) Luigia AIELLO (Universi~ di Roma) Amedeo CAPPELLI (CNR - Pisa) Cristiano CASTELFRANCHI (CNR - Roma) Mauro DI MANZO (Universit~ di Genova) FIoriana ESPOSITO (Universit~ di Bad) Salvatore GAGLIO (Universi~ di Palermo) Attilio GIORDANA (Universi~ di Torino) Nicola GUARINO (CNR - Padova) Francesco LAURIA (Universi~ di Napoli) Alberto MARTELLI (Universith di Torino) Maria SIMI (Universi~ di Pisa) Marco SOMALVICO (Politecnico di Milano) Oliviero STOCK (IRST - Trento) Luigi STRINGA (IRST - Trento) Carlo TASSO (Universit~ di Udine) Program Committee - Application Track Franco CANEPA (Alenia - Torino) Maurizio DEL CANTO (Elsag Bailey - Genova) Giannetto LEVIZZARI (Centro Ricerche FIAT - Orbassano) Paolo MISSIO (Assicurazioni Generali - Mogliano Veneto) Renato PETRIOLI (Fondazione Bordoni - Roma) Roberto SERRA (Ferruzzi Finanziaria - Ravenna) Luca SPAMPINATO (Quinary - Milano) Organizing Committee Cristina BENA (CSI-Piemonte - Torino) Danilo DABBENE (Alenia - Torino) Lorenza SArITA (Universith di Torino) Nunzio SORRENTINO (Centro Ricerche FIAT - Orbassano)

7 Referees Albesano Attardi B. Badaloni S. Biagioli C. Bonatti P. Brajnik G. Callari F. Caselli S. Chittaro L. Console L. Cristiani M. D'Angelo A. Donini F. Ferrari G. Gaspari M. Giaretta P. Lavelli A. Magnini B. Mana F. Miola A. Omodeo E. Pirri F. Pogliano P. Roberto V. Sapino M.L. Semermo G. Straccia U. Temperini M. Tornielli G. Vaggi A. Zanichelli F. Amati G. Atzeni P. Bagnara R. Bisiani R. Botta M. Broggi A. Caprile B. Cesta A. Cialdea Mayer M. Conte R. D'Aloisi D. De Giacomo G. Fanelli A.M. Fum D. Gemello R. Giordano L. Lesmo L. Maier E. Martini S. Moretti L. Pedreschi D. Pirrone R. Prodanof I. Romano G. Schaerf M. Serafini L. Strapparava C. Terenziani P. Trautteur G. Varzi A. Ardizzone E. Avesani P. Bergadano F. Boldrin L. Braggiotti A. Cadoli M. Carpineto C. Chella A. Cocco N. Crespi B. D'Andrea V. Delmonte R. Federico M. Furlanello C. Gerevini A. Giunchiglia E. Lombardo V. Malerba D. Miceli M. Nardi D. Pernici B. Poggi A. Ricci F. Saitta L. Sebastiani R. Starita A. Tecchioli G. Toppano E. Traverso P. Zaccaria R.

8 Contents Automated Reasoning Proving formulas through reduction to decidable classes... 1 M. Di Manzo, E. Giunchiglia, A. Armando, P. Pecchiari (Universitft di Genova) Building and executing proof strategies in a formal metatheory A.Armarxlo, A. Cimatti, L. Vigan~ (Universit~ di Genova) Computing 3-valued stable models by using the ATMS E. Lamina (Universit~ di Udine), P. Mello (Universitgl di Bologna) Abstract properties for Ihe choice provability relation in nonmonotonic logics G. Antoniou (Universitdt Osnabrtick, Germany) Characterizing prime implicants as projective spaces F. Pirri (Universitd di Roma "La Sapienza"), C. Pizzuti (CRAL Rende) Cognitive Models EFH-Soar: Modeling education in highly interactive microworlds C. Conati (University of Pittsburgh, USA), J.F. Lehman (CMU, USA) Foundations for interaction: the dependence theory C. Castelfranchi, A. Cesta, R. Conte, M. Miceli (Ist. Psicologia - C.N.R., Roma) Letter Spirit: an architecture for creativity in a microdomain G. McGraw, D. Hofstadter (Indiana University, USA) Connectionist Models and Subsymbolic Approaches New systems for extracting 3-D shape information from images E. Ardizzone, A. ChelIa, R. Pirrone (Universit~ di Palermo) Projecting sub-symbolic onto symbolic representations in artificial neural networks M. Gori, G. Soda (Universitd di Firenze) Integrating the symbolic and the sub-symbolic level in sonar-based navigation A. Braggiotti, G. Cllemello, C. Sossai, G. Trainito (LADSEB-CNR, Padova) Randomness, hnitation or reason explain agents' behaviour into an artificial stock market? P. Terna (Universit~ di Torino)

9 Neural networks for constraint satisfaction A. Monfroglio (ITIS OMAR, Novara) Knowledge Representation Reasoning with individuals in concept languages A. Schaerf (Universit~ di Roma "La Sapienza") A family of temporal terminological logics C. Bettini (Universit~ di Milano) Logic programming and autoepistemic logics: new relations and complexity results M. Schaerf (Universitgl di Cagliari) Languages, Architectures and Tools for AI Infen'ing in Lego-land: an architecture for the integration of heterogeneous inference modules M, Gaspari (Universitgl di Bologna), E. Motta, A. Stutt (The Open University, UK) MAP - a language for the modelling of multi-agent systems G. Adorni, A. Poggi (Universith di Parma) Developing co-operating legal knowledge based systems G. Vossos,.L Zeleznikow (La Trobe University, Australia), D. Hunter (University of Melbourne, Australia) Machine Learning Negation as a specializing operator F. Esposito, D. Malerba, G. Semeraro (Universitgt di Bari) Constructing refinement operators by decomposing logical implication S.H. Nienhuys-Cheng, P.R..I. van der Laag, L. W.N. van der Torte (Erasmus University of Rotterdam, The Netherlands) Learning relations: basing top-down methods on inverse resolution F. Bergadano (Universit~ di Catania), D. Gunetti (Universitd di Torino) Complexity of the CFP, a method for classification based on feature partitioning 202 H. Altay Gttvenir, I. Sirin (Bilkent University, Turkey) Genetic algorithms elitist probabilistic of degree 1, a generalization of simulated annealing P. Larranaga, M. Grana, A. D'Anjou, F.J. TorreaMea (University of the Basque Country, Spain)

10 xi Learning relations using genetic algorithms... A. Giordana, L. Saitta, M.E. Campidoglio, G. Lo Bello (Universit?t di Torino) Evolutionary learning for relaxation labeling processes... M. Pelillo, F. Abbattista, A. Maffione (Universitfl di Bari) Natural Language Increasing cohesion in automatically generated natural language texts... E.A. Maier, E. Not (IRST, Trento) Production of cooperative answers on the basis of partial knowledge in information-seeking dialogues... L. Ardissono, L. Lesmo, A. Lombardo, D. Sestero (Universit?t di Torino) Coping with modifiers in a restricted domain... F. Ciravegna, E. Giorda (Centro Ricerche FLAT, Orbassano) Explanation strategies in a tutoring system... G. Ferrari (Universitd di Pisa), M. Carenini, P. Moreschini (AITech, Pisa) Planning and Robotics Maintaining consistency in quantitative temporal constraint networks for planning and scheduling... R. Cervoni, A. Cesta, A. Oddi (Istituto di Psicologia - C.N.R., Roma) Making an autonomous robot plan temporally constrained maintenance operations... S. Badaloni, E. Pagello (Universitd di Padova), L. Stocchiero, A. Zanardi (LADSEB - CNR, Padova) Reasoning about Phisical Systems and Artifacts A generative constraint formalism for configuration problems... M. Stumptner, A. HaselbOck (Technische Universitat Wien, Austria) Selecting observation time in the monitoring and interpretation of time-varying data... L. Portinale (Universit?~ di Torino) Spatial Reasoning in a holey world... A.C. Varzi (IRST, Trento)