An Automated Development Process for Interlocking Software that. Cuts Costs and Provides Improved Methods for Checking Quality.
|
|
- Bryce O’Neal’
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 An Automated Development Process for Interlocking Software that Cuts Costs and Provides Improved Methods for Checking Quality and Safety Authors: Claes Malmnäs Prover Technology Rosenlundsgatan Stockholm Sweden Phone: Fax: Gunnar Smith Prover Technology Rosenlundsgatan Stockholm Sweden gunnar.smith@prover.com Phone: Fax: AREMA
2 ABSTRACT When developing a safety critical application like a computerized railway interlocking, one major challenge is to maintain cost efficiency while meeting the strictest requirements on safe operation. This paper describes how this challenge can be overcome using the Prover ilock Process and its adaptation to North American interlocking systems based on AREMA signaling principles, the Prover ilock for American Railroads solution. The process significantly reduces development costs by providing automated tool support for simulation-based functional testing, formal safety verification, and automatic code generation targeting leading interlocking system platforms. The solution runs on a normal desktop computer, and makes it possible to configure, code, test and verify a system in less than a day. The Prover ilock for American Railroads solution has been developed by Prover Technology in close collaboration with Canadian Pacific Railway, who will deploy it as its standard development process for interlocking software. The solution is based on the AREMA specification library, providing pre-defined, but adaptable, specifications of design, testing and safety principles. Both vital and non-vital software for the VHLC, ElectroLogIXS and Microlok II platforms are supported AREMA
3 INTRODUCTION In North America, the de-facto standard for railway interlocking system design is set by AREMA. The quality and safe operation of railway interlocking systems is ensured by developing them following the practices recommended by AREMA. In addition to these practices each railway operator typically has its own set of rules and guidelines adapted for their specific needs. This paper describes the challenges typically faced when developing interlocking systems for the North American market and proposes a highly automated and cost efficient solution the Prover ilock for American Railroads solution. This solution is based on Prover Technology s standard Prover ilock Process, which has been adapted for the needs of North American railroads in collaboration with Canadian Pacific Railway. CHALLENGES AND OBJECTIVES It is an obvious objective of any railway operator to have interlocking systems that are well designed. While it might be difficult to define exactly what that means, it should be possible to agree on that a well designed system has the following characteristics: Maintainability; it is easy to maintain, for instance when the functionality needs to be updated Consistency; it is designed the same way as other systems for the same operator Verifiability; the requirements are well defined and it is easy to verify that they are met Traceability; should an error occur, it must be easy to track down its source, so that appropriate actions can be taken to ensure that the same error does not occur again In order to produce well designed interlocking systems within reasonable time, it is necessary to have a good development process. The main ambition of such a process is to be a cost efficient way to produce systems that meet the highest quality and safety standards. In order to achieve that we believe that the process needs to: support early detection of design errors minimize the manual effort needed for acceptance and safety testing help the signaling engineers in their daily work, rather than being a burden make it easy to handle changes in the requirement specification 2011 AREMA
4 minimize the dependency on undocumented know-how leverage from the fact that a potentially large set of similar systems with the same set of requirements are to be developed be well documented The process described in this paper automates many of the manual tasks for coding and verification and validation (V&V) that are central in many traditional processes. Automation has two major benefits; it saves time and reduces the risk of manual errors. A key element in almost any development process is the management of requirements, since without clear and complete requirements it is difficult to verify that the system does what it is supposed to do. Clear and unambiguously defined requirements are also a key factor in order to achieve automation. REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONS The requirements on an interlocking system can be divided into two categories; generic requirements and specific requirements. A generic requirement applies to a set of interlocking systems, typically to all systems of a particular railway operator, authority or region. An example of a generic requirement is a condition that must hold whenever a route is cleared: A route must be cleared only if every switch in the route is proved in the position required by the route. A specific requirement applies to a single interlocking system. An example of such a requirement is the configuration of the actual routes in the system: Route 500S-499N requires that switches 1A and 1B are normal and that switches 2A and 2B are reverse. A clear and complete generic requirements specification gives a precise description of the functionality of a range of systems and can be used when validating that the developed system meets all requirements. Unfortunately, in reality the quality of generic requirements specifications is often unsatisfactory. Although requirements often are captured in documents or perhaps even in a requirements management tool, they are typically not complete, and the successful development relies on implicit requirements, existing only in the minds of the engineers. As a consequence, it is hard to guarantee that systems are designed in a consistent way. Important design choices are left 2011 AREMA
5 to the individual engineers, resulting in systems that may very well function correctly (possibly after extensive testing and debugging) and according to the specification, but that are undocumented and expensive to maintain. So, what can be done to ensure that the generic requirements are precise enough and that the developed systems meet all of them? It is the aim of the following sections to provide an answer to this question. PISPEC Generic requirements specifications are typically written in natural language (English, Spanish et cetera). Natural language may seem easy to understand at first glance, but experience shows that it tends to be interpreted differently by different people. An efficient way to resolve possible ambiguities in requirements is to instead express them in a formal language. A formal language is a mathematical language, in which every statement has exactly one, well defined, meaning, much as in any well-defined programming language. PiSPEC is a formal language designed for signal engineering. Using PiSPEC, it is possible to develop a Generic Application that formalizes the requirements of a generic requirements specification. The PiSPEC language is built on language constructs that are well known within the computer science community, such as predicate logic and object orientation. PiSPEC is used in the Prover ilock Process to develop three types of specifications: Generic Safety Specification (GSS). This specification defines the safety requirements. Safety requirements are used to verify that the system is always safe, for instance that two opposing signals may never display permissive aspects at the same time. Generic Test Specification (GTS). This specification defines the functional requirements. Functional requirements are used to test that the system operates correctly, for instance that it is possible to clear signals. These requirements are expressed as generic test cases. Generic Design Specification (GDS). This specification defines the design requirements. Design requirements specify how application software shall be implemented and are expressed as generic equations AREMA
6 The generic requirement example from the previous section, A route must be cleared only if every switch in the route is proved in the position required by the route, belongs to the safety specification; it would not be safe to clear a route over a switch which is out of position. Figure 1 illustrates how this can be formalized in PiSPEC. Figure 1, a PiSPEC example, -> denotes logical implication and & logical and. The formalization is expressed as a requirement that most hold for all routes that are cleared. In order to make this example complete the predicates (or functions) clear, normal_switches, detected_normal, reverse_switches and detected_reverse also need to be defined. While specifying requirements in a formal language has values in itself; for instance that it becomes necessary to resolve inconsistencies and ambiguities in the generic specifications, the real benefit with the PiSPEC specifications is that they can be processed by a computer and used for automatic generation of code, tests and safety requirements for an interlocking system; a Specific Application. In order to facilitate this, the specifications also include generic rules for how to instantiate the requirements for a specific application. PROVER ILOCK Prover ilock is a software product suite for engineering of interlocking systems. Application engineers input application specific data such as track layout and route and aspect charts in Prover ilock. Based on this high-level data and the generic PiSPEC specifications, Prover ilock generates application specific safety, test and design specifications. The application specific specifications are then used by Prover ilock for automatic safety verification, functional validation (simulation), and code generation. Prover ilock consists of a front end which reads the input (generic PiSPEC specifications and configuration of specific applications), a core that produces instantiated specifications for the specific application, and a number of additional modules. The most important modules are described below AREMA
7 Prover ilock Verifier Prover ilock Verifier lets the signaling engineer prove that the implementation of the specific application meets the generic safety requirements by the push of a button. This is achieved using a technique known as formal verification. It uses automated mathematical reasoning to prove that there is no possible scenario for which a safety property is violated, or if this is not true, it produces a scenario that demonstrates when and how the safety property is violated. Running on a standard laptop, the formal verification typically takes only a few minutes to complete for interlocking systems of average complexity. Formal verification may be considered a novel technique in the context of railway signaling systems, but it is actually quickly gaining recognition as a cost efficient and reliable way of providing evidence of that signaling and train control systems meet their safety requirements. It is today strongly recommended by the European standardization committee CENELEC for SIL 4-compliant systems, and is required or recommended as part of the safety assessments by a number of leading railway operators such as New York City Transit, Paris Metro, Swedish National Rail and Norwegian National Rail. Prover ilock Simulator Prover ilock Simulator is an efficient desktop simulator which executes the automatically instantiated test specification to validate that the implementation of the specific application meets the generic functional requirements. Prover ilock Simulator provides an easy to use graphical debugger which can be used to inspect failing test cases or to simply gain understanding of how the interlocking systems executes. The debugger includes a ladder logic view of the application software which can be used to browse the generated programs and examine the values of individual variables at given points of the execution. Prover ilock Coder Prover ilock Coder is used to export the equations that have been instantiated for the specific application, along with additional configuration for the target platform, such as IO assignments. This output is then read by the compiler for the chosen target platform and is, after compilation, ready for execution in the field. The exact format of the output differs depending on the target platform AREMA
8 THE PROVER ILOCK FOR AMERICAN RAILROADS SOLUTION The Prover ilock for American Railroads solution is a complete off the shelf offering for design and V&V of railway interlocking software targeting the North American market. It is designed to address the challenges and objectives discussed in this paper as well as overcoming the shortcomings of traditional design processes. Using the solution, coding, test and verification of application software for an interlocking system of medium complexity can be done by one engineer in less than one day. Perhaps more important is the reduced time needed to train new staff; this can be crucial for instance when a senior signaling engineer retires or when an operator wants to use in-house development teams. The solution consists of generic specifications for safety, test and design together with the Verifier, Simulator and Coder modules of Prover ilock. The specifications are defined in the English language and formalized in PiSPEC. Code generation, as well as V&V, supports commonly used target platforms such as VHLC, ElectroLogIXS and Microlok II. Generic Specifications The generic specifications capture requirements that are based on the practices recommended by AREMA and can be used directly as is with Prover ilock to produce, test and verify fully functional application software. However, as each railway operator also has its own set of practices and requirements, it is also possible to adapt the specifications to the individual needs of a particular railway operator. The generic requirements are divided into three specifications, the GSS, the GTS and the GDS, specifying generic safety, test and design requirements, respectively. Each specification is given in a text document, written in English for human readers, and as a PiSPEC implementation, which removes all ambiguities. The PiSPEC specifications can be read and understood both by trained signaling engineers and by Prover ilock. The generic design specification defines generic equations that will be instantiated in the generated application software. An example of the PiSPEC definition of one such generic equation, RouteValidation, is given in Figure 2. This equation is, among other things, responsible for making sure that the switch position requirement discussed above is met, by checking that the switches of the route are in the required positions AREMA
9 Figure 2, the PiSPEC formalization of the generic RouteValidation equation. Specific Application Configuration A specific application is configured in Prover ilock by drawing the track layout in the built in graphical layout editor and configuring the interlocking objects. Typical configurations include signal aspects, track codes and hardware properties. This configuration is then used by Prover ilock to instantiate the generic requirements for this specific interlocking. Figure 3, a track layout in Prover ilock, showing a crossover location. A lot of the specific configuration data is generated automatically by Prover ilock from the track layout and definitions in the Generic Specification, such as the set of valid routes and their properties. For instance our earlier example of a specific requirement Route 500S-499N requires that switches 1A and 1B are normal and that switches 2011 AREMA
10 2A and 2B are reverse is generated from the track layout in Figure 3 as a route object named 500S-499N with the parameter normal_switches set to {1A, 1B} and reverse_switches set to {2A, 2B}. Generated Application Software Even though there seldom is any real need for manual inspection of the generated application software it still may feel reassuring to many engineers if they can inspect and understand the code. To facilitate this, the generated code is designed so that it looks like it might as well have been written by a human, albeit an unusually careful and structured one. It also comes complete with documentation so that it is possible to trace individual equations and variables back to requirements in the PiSPEC and natural language specifications. An example of what an instantiated equation looks like in Prover ilock before being exported to the chosen target platform is displayed in Figure 4, which shows the RouteValidation equation from Figure 2 instantiated for route 500S-499N in the track layout of Figure 3. The name of the equation in the code is 1W_2EHZ, where 1W_2E is a shorter name for the route and HZ the suffix used for the RouteValidation equations. Figure 4, the RouteValidation (HZ) equation instantiated for route 500S-499N (1W-2E). Verification and Validation The verification and validation is done using the Verifier and Simulator modules of Prover ilock, by the push of a button. The result of the V&V activities includes the instantiated test cases that have been simulated along with the simulation results and the instantiated safety properties along with the verification results. These activities remove the need for any manual testing to verify the correctness of the application software in itself, though it is of course still necessary to test that the complete system is installed correctly. To improve the process for verifying the installation of the system it is possible to use Prover ilock to generate test plans containing detailed test instructions. These plans can then be used in the field by the test engineer. The main 2011 AREMA
11 benefits of generating the test plans, compared to producing them manually, are that it saves time and improves the quality by eliminating the risk for manual errors or omissions in the test plans and guaranteeing consistency. Process The Prover ilock Process on which the Prover ilock for American Railroads solution is built is designed with the characteristics of a well designed development process, as discussed above, in mind. Hence they are inherent in the process and by using the solution you get them for free: Requirements are captured rigorously in the generic specifications Documentation and requirement traceability is generated automatically Manual effort is minimized by the use of automatic code generation, simulation and verification Should requirements need to be updated it is easy to re-generate the code and re-run simulation and verification Errors in the specific application configuration are detected directly on the desktop by the development engineer during simulation and safety verification CONCLUSIONS The presented solution offers a complete and automated process for the development of interlocking software that meets common North American expectations and practices. The key benefits are: the development is quicker and more cost efficient consistency in the quality of the interlocking software is guaranteed a process and requirements that are fully documented This is achieved by introducing: a formal way of dealing with requirements automated code generation, simulation and formal verification, based directly on the requirements 2011 AREMA
12 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1, a PiSPEC example, -> denotes logical implication and & logical and Figure 2, the PiSPEC formalization of the generic RouteValidation equation Figure 3, a track layout configured in Prover ilock, showing a crossover location Figure 4, the RouteValidation equation instantiated for route 500S-499N 2011 AREMA
13 Gunnar Smith Prover Technology 2011 ANNUAL CONFERENCE September 18-21, 2011 Minneapolis, MN
14 A complete development process for interlocking software that Reduces development time and cost Gives consistent and well documented results Provides improved methods for checking quality and safety This is achieved by Generic Application (GA), defined using formal Specifications Tool-supported development and V&V of Specific Applications (SA) 2011 ANNUAL CONFERENCE September 18-21, 2011 Minneapolis, MN
15 Generic Application for interlocking software Formal Requirement Specifications PiSPEC and natural language Target platform adaptations Specific Application configuration adaptations Reused for each Specific Application Automation and tool support System Configuration Prover ilock Base Code Generation Prover ilock Coder Functional Testing Prover ilock Simulator Safety Verification Prover ilock Verifier 2011 ANNUAL CONFERENCE September 18-21, 2011 Minneapolis, MN
16 Defines generic rules and requirements Applies for a range of systems, e.g. all interlockings for a given railroad Generic Application Configuration Defines how to configure each SA Generic Design Specification (GDS) Defines how to implement each SA Generic Test Specification (GTS) Defines how to test the functionality of SA Generic Safety Specification (GSS) Defines how to verify the safety of each SA 2011 ANNUAL CONFERENCE September 18-21, 2011 Minneapolis, MN
17 Signaling principles Gather Document Formalize Specify interfaces SA Configuration Data Target platform Validation Using test configurations Reviews 2011 ANNUAL CONFERENCE September 18-21, 2011 Minneapolis, MN
18 Adaption of the Prover ilock Process for the North American market Complete Generic Application Specified in collaboration with Canadian Pacific Signaling principles based on AREMA guidelines Target Platforms: VHLC, ElectroLogIXS, Electro Code MicroLok II, Microtrax 2011 ANNUAL CONFERENCE September 18-21, 2011 Minneapolis, MN
19 Complete and well defined requirements is a key to successful development What to implement How to validate the implementation Traditionally expressed in natural language Often ambiguous, i.e. may be interpreted differently by different people Cannot be interpreted by computers 2011 ANNUAL CONFERENCE September 18-21, 2011 Minneapolis, MN
20 Defined in a mathematical language with well-defined semantics Reduces risk of Misinterpretations Omitting requirements Improves quality of natural language specifications Errors are resolved during formalization Can be interpreted by computers Enables automation 2011 ANNUAL CONFERENCE September 18-21, 2011 Minneapolis, MN
21 A formal specification language tailored for railway signaling applications Based on established language constructs Predicate logic Object orientation Contains support for defining generic Equations (GDS) Test cases (GTS) Safety requirements (GSS) 2011 ANNUAL CONFERENCE September 18-21, 2011 Minneapolis, MN
22 A route must be cleared only if every switch in the route is proved in the position required by the route sw_pos_req := All rt:route ( rt.clear -> All sw:rt.normal sw.is_normal All sw:rt.reverse sw.is_reverse);
23 Generic Application Formal specification in PiSPEC Reused for each specific application Specific Application Configuration (RAC) The GA is automatically instantiated for the SA Prover ilock Base Output Automatically instantiated code ready for compilation Automatically instantiated requirements (safety & test) V&V Reports Documentation and Tables 2011 ANNUAL CONFERENCE September 18-21, 2011 Minneapolis, MN
24 Prover ilock Coder Exports the instantiated interlocking software Ready for compilation, complete with IO configuration Prover ilock Simulator Executes the instantiated functional test cases Simulates the instantiated interlocking software Test cases can be exported for use in FAT Prover ilock Verifier Formally verifies the instantiated safety requirements 100% coverage using automated mathematical reasoning 2011 ANNUAL CONFERENCE September 18-21, 2011 Minneapolis, MN
25 Good requirement specifications is a key to successful development Formal specifications Improves quality of specifications Enables automation Automation Cuts cost Improves consistency Reduces dependency on undocumented knowhow 2011 ANNUAL CONFERENCE September 18-21, 2011 Minneapolis, MN
26 Efficient Development Deliver system in 1 day Code generation Formal verification Simulation Documentation FAT/SAT test sheets Efficient mass production Deliver large no. of systems Multiple target platforms Efficient change support System configuration Generic Application 2011 ANNUAL CONFERENCE September 18-21, 2011 Minneapolis, MN
TESSY Automated dynamic module/unit and. CTE Classification Tree Editor. integration testing of embedded applications. for test case specifications
TESSY Automated dynamic module/unit and integration testing of embedded applications CTE Classification Tree Editor for test case specifications Automated module/unit testing and debugging at its best
More informationIntroducing Formal Methods. Software Engineering and Formal Methods
Introducing Formal Methods Formal Methods for Software Specification and Analysis: An Overview 1 Software Engineering and Formal Methods Every Software engineering methodology is based on a recommended
More informationTHE BUSINESS VALUE OF AN ERP SYSTEM
THE BUSINESS VALUE OF AN ERP SYSTEM AJMAL BEG THE BUSINESS VALUE OF AN ERP SYSTEM AJMAL BEG ii Copyright c 2010 by Ajmal Beg. All rights reserved. This technology described in this publication is based
More informationThe purpose of Capacity and Availability Management (CAM) is to plan and monitor the effective provision of resources to support service requirements.
CAPACITY AND AVAILABILITY MANAGEMENT A Project Management Process Area at Maturity Level 3 Purpose The purpose of Capacity and Availability Management (CAM) is to plan and monitor the effective provision
More informationThe structured application of advanced logging techniques for SystemVerilog testbench debug and analysis. By Bindesh Patel and Amanda Hsiao.
Logging makes sense for testbench debug The structured application of advanced logging techniques for SystemVerilog testbench debug and analysis. By Bindesh Patel and Amanda Hsiao. SystemVerilog provides
More informationModel Based System Engineering (MBSE) For Accelerating Software Development Cycle
Model Based System Engineering (MBSE) For Accelerating Software Development Cycle Manish Patil Sujith Annamaneni September 2015 1 Contents 1. Abstract... 3 2. MBSE Overview... 4 3. MBSE Development Cycle...
More information11 Tips to make the requirements definition process more effective and results more usable
1 11 Tips to make the s definition process more effective and results more usable This article discusses what I believe are the key techniques for making s definition process repeatable from project to
More informationIntroduction to Software Paradigms & Procedural Programming Paradigm
Introduction & Procedural Programming Sample Courseware Introduction to Software Paradigms & Procedural Programming Paradigm This Lesson introduces main terminology to be used in the whole course. Thus,
More informationDevelopment of AUTOSAR Software Components within Model-Based Design
2008-01-0383 Development of AUTOSAR Software Components within Model-Based Design Copyright 2008 The MathWorks, Inc. Guido Sandmann Automotive Marketing Manager, EMEA The MathWorks Richard Thompson Senior
More informationWebSphere Business Monitor
WebSphere Business Monitor Debugger 2010 IBM Corporation This presentation provides an overview of the monitor model debugger in WebSphere Business Monitor. WBPM_Monitor_Debugger.ppt Page 1 of 23 Goals
More informationSoftware solutions from Integrated Engineering to Integrated Operations
siemens.com/comos Software solutions from Integrated Engineering to Integrated Operations COMOS Making data work. Answers for industry. Basic Engineering First choice for comprehensive plant project COMOS
More informationSOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT STANDARD FOR SPACECRAFT
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT STANDARD FOR SPACECRAFT Mar 31, 2014 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency This is an English translation of JERG-2-610. Whenever there is anything ambiguous in this document, the original
More information(Refer Slide Time: 01:52)
Software Engineering Prof. N. L. Sarda Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Lecture - 2 Introduction to Software Engineering Challenges, Process Models etc (Part 2) This
More informationChapter 5. Regression Testing of Web-Components
Chapter 5 Regression Testing of Web-Components With emergence of services and information over the internet and intranet, Web sites have become complex. Web components and their underlying parts are evolving
More informationSoftware Architecture
Cairo University Faculty of Computers and Information Computer Science Department Premasters Studies Software Architecture Report on Software Product Line Submitted to: Dr. Hany Ammar Submitted by: Hadeel
More informationEfficient Verification for Avionic Product Development
YAVE Test Systems Efficient Verification for Avionic Product Development With YAVE FTI offers the full range of test systems from compact budget units up to complex systems configured to customers individual
More informationNetwork Configuration Management
Network Configuration Management Contents Abstract Best Practices for Configuration Management What is Configuration Management? FCAPS Configuration Management Operational Issues IT Infrastructure Library
More informationSOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS http://www.tutorialspoint.com/software_engineering/software_requirements.htm Copyright tutorialspoint.com The software requirements are description of features and functionalities
More informationSCADE Suite in Space Applications
SCADE Suite in Space Applications at EADS David Lesens 09/10/2008 Overview Introduction Historical use of SCADE at EADS Astrium ST Why using SCADE? The Automatic Transfer Vehicle (ATV) M51 and Vega R&T
More informationHow To Write Software
Overview of Software Engineering Principles 1 Software Engineering in a Nutshell Development of software systems whose size/ complexity warrants a team or teams of engineers multi-person construction of
More informationSoftware Engineering for LabVIEW Applications. Elijah Kerry LabVIEW Product Manager
Software Engineering for LabVIEW Applications Elijah Kerry LabVIEW Product Manager 1 Ensuring Software Quality and Reliability Goals 1. Deliver a working product 2. Prove it works right 3. Mitigate risk
More informationABSTRACT. would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by KSRTC conductors. It would also end the
E-Ticketing 1 ABSTRACT Electronic Ticket Machine Kerala State Road Transport Corporation is introducing ticket machines on buses. The ticket machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks
More informationSoftware Engineering. Software Processes. Based on Software Engineering, 7 th Edition by Ian Sommerville
Software Engineering Software Processes Based on Software Engineering, 7 th Edition by Ian Sommerville Objectives To introduce software process models To describe three generic process models and when
More informationINF5820, Obligatory Assignment 3: Development of a Spoken Dialogue System
INF5820, Obligatory Assignment 3: Development of a Spoken Dialogue System Pierre Lison October 29, 2014 In this project, you will develop a full, end-to-end spoken dialogue system for an application domain
More informationCisco Change Management: Best Practices White Paper
Table of Contents Change Management: Best Practices White Paper...1 Introduction...1 Critical Steps for Creating a Change Management Process...1 Planning for Change...1 Managing Change...1 High Level Process
More informationProcess Models and Metrics
Process Models and Metrics PROCESS MODELS AND METRICS These models and metrics capture information about the processes being performed We can model and measure the definition of the process process performers
More informationWhite Paper On Pilot Method Of ERP Implementation
White Paper On Pilot Method Of ERP Implementation Rod Clarke Rod Clarke provides guidance, advice and support to businesses in successfully applying IS/IT in support of their business goals. He brings
More information3 SOFTWARE AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
3 SOFTWARE AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES 3.1 INTRODUCTION In the previous lesson we discussed about the different parts and configurations of computer. It has been mentioned that programs or instructions have
More informationUsing TechExcel s DevSuite to Achieve FDA Software Validation Compliance For Medical Software Device Development
Using TechExcel s DevSuite to Achieve FDA Software Validation Compliance For Medical Software Device Development The FDA requires medical software development teams to comply with its standards for software
More informationUnit Testing webmethods Integrations using JUnit Practicing TDD for EAI projects
TORRY HARRIS BUSINESS SOLUTIONS Unit Testing webmethods Integrations using JUnit Practicing TDD for EAI projects Ganapathi Nanjappa 4/28/2010 2010 Torry Harris Business Solutions. All rights reserved Page
More informationBENEFITS OF MODELING WITH A FORMAL LANGUAGE. Emmanuel Gaudin emmanuel.gaudin@pramadev.com
BENEFITS OF MODELING WITH A FORMAL LANGUAGE Emmanuel Gaudin emmanuel.gaudin@pramadev.com PragmaDev French software editor based in Paris Dedicated to the development of RTDS: a modeling and testing tool
More informationDeveloping in the MDA Object Management Group Page 1
Developing in OMG s New -Driven Architecture Jon Siegel Director, Technology Transfer Object Management Group In this paper, we re going to describe the application development process supported by OMG
More informationAchieve greater efficiency in asset management by managing all your asset types on a single platform.
Asset solutions To support your business objectives Achieve greater efficiency in asset by managing all your asset types on a single platform. Obtain an entirely new level of asset awareness Every company
More informationOpen EMS Suite. O&M Agent. Functional Overview Version 1.2. Nokia Siemens Networks 1 (18)
Open EMS Suite O&M Agent Functional Overview Version 1.2 Nokia Siemens Networks 1 (18) O&M Agent The information in this document is subject to change without notice and describes only the product defined
More informationThe Role of Automation Systems in Management of Change
The Role of Automation Systems in Management of Change Similar to changing lanes in an automobile in a winter storm, with change enters risk. Everyone has most likely experienced that feeling of changing
More informationSiebel Business Process Framework: Workflow Guide. Siebel Innovation Pack 2013 Version 8.1/8.2 September 2013
Siebel Business Process Framework: Workflow Guide Siebel Innovation Pack 2013 Version 8.1/8.2 September 2013 Copyright 2005, 2013 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software and related
More informationSimulating Rail Traffic Safety Systems using HLA 1516
Simulating Rail Traffic Safety Systems using HLA 1516 08E-SIW-069 Fred van Lieshout Ferdinand Cornelissen Jan Neuteboom Atos Origin Technical Automation Papendorpseweg 93 3528 BJ Utrecht, The Netherlands
More informationBest Practises for LabVIEW FPGA Design Flow. uk.ni.com ireland.ni.com
Best Practises for LabVIEW FPGA Design Flow 1 Agenda Overall Application Design Flow Host, Real-Time and FPGA LabVIEW FPGA Architecture Development FPGA Design Flow Common FPGA Architectures Testing and
More informationSoftware Engineering Reference Framework
Software Engineering Reference Framework Michel Chaudron, Jan Friso Groote, Kees van Hee, Kees Hemerik, Lou Somers, Tom Verhoeff. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Eindhoven University of
More informationThe Recipe for Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance using Microsoft s SharePoint 2010 platform
The Recipe for Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance using Microsoft s SharePoint 2010 platform Technical Discussion David Churchill CEO DraftPoint Inc. The information contained in this document represents the current
More informationCDC UNIFIED PROCESS JOB AID
CDC UNIFIED PROCESS JOB AID Independent Verification & Validation Activities Document Purpose This Job Aid is a brief document listing the items to be noted, checked, remembered, and delivered when completing
More informationProper Management Techniques Are Keys to A Successful Simulation Project
Proper Management Techniques Are Keys to A Successful Simulation Project By Onur M. Ulgen Production Modeling Corporation and University of Michigan-Dearborn imulation modeling is a so- S phisticated systems
More informationEffective Business Requirements (Virtual Classroom Edition)
Developing & Confirming Effective Business Requirements (Virtual Classroom Edition) Eliminate Costly Changes and Save Time by Nailing Down the Project Requirements the First Time! Pre-Workshop Preparation
More informationSCADAPack E ISaGRAF 3 User Manual
SCADAPack E ISaGRAF 3 User Manual 2 SCADAPack E ISaGRAF 3 User Manual Table of Contents Part I ISaGRAF 3 User Manual 3 1 Technical... Support 3 2 Safety... Information 4 3 Preface... 6 4 Overview... 8
More informationHow To Validate Software
General Principles of Software Validation; Final Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff Document issued on: January 11, 2002 This document supersedes the draft document, "General Principles of Software Validation,
More informationTo introduce software process models To describe three generic process models and when they may be used
Software Processes Objectives To introduce software process models To describe three generic process models and when they may be used To describe outline process models for requirements engineering, software
More informationRATP safety approach for railway signalling systems
RATP safety approach for railway signalling systems ReSIST summer School 007 Pierre CHARTIER Summary. Introduction. Hardware fault detection. 6 Introduction Global railway system Rolling stock Environment
More informationAchieving business benefits through automated software testing. By Dr. Mike Bartley, Founder and CEO, TVS (mike@testandverification.
Achieving business benefits through automated software testing By Dr. Mike Bartley, Founder and CEO, TVS (mike@testandverification.com) 1 Introduction During my experience of test automation I have seen
More informationChap 1. Introduction to Software Architecture
Chap 1. Introduction to Software Architecture 1. Introduction 2. IEEE Recommended Practice for Architecture Modeling 3. Architecture Description Language: the UML 4. The Rational Unified Process (RUP)
More informationSoftware Paradigms (Lesson 1) Introduction & Procedural Programming Paradigm
Software Paradigms (Lesson 1) Introduction & Procedural Programming Paradigm Table of Contents 1 Introduction... 2 1.1 Programming Paradigm... 2 1.2 Software Design Paradigm... 3 1.2.1 Design Patterns...
More informationApp Distribution Guide
App Distribution Guide Contents About App Distribution 10 At a Glance 11 Enroll in an Apple Developer Program to Distribute Your App 11 Generate Certificates and Register Your Devices 11 Add Store Capabilities
More informationWHITE PAPER AUTOMATED, REAL-TIME RISK ANALYSIS AND REMEDIATION
WHITE PAPER AUTOMATED, REAL-TIME RISK ANALYSIS AND REMEDIATION Table of Contents Executive Summary...3 Vulnerability Scanners Alone Are Not Enough...3 Real-Time Change Configuration Notification is the
More informationKnowledge Infrastructure for Project Management 1
Knowledge Infrastructure for Project Management 1 Pankaj Jalote Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur, India 208016 Jalote@iitk.ac.in Abstract In any
More informationThe Real Challenges of Configuration Management
The Real Challenges of Configuration Management McCabe & Associates Table of Contents The Real Challenges of CM 3 Introduction 3 Parallel Development 3 Maintaining Multiple Releases 3 Rapid Development
More informationInformation Technology Security Evaluation Criteria. ITSEC Joint Interpretation Library (ITSEC JIL)
S Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria ITSEC Joint Interpretation Library (ITSEC JIL) Version 2.0 November 1998 This document is paginated from i to vi and from 1 to 65 ITSEC Joint Interpretation
More informationEfficient Collection and Analysis of Program Data - Hackystat
You can t even ask them to push a button: Toward ubiquitous, developer-centric, empirical software engineering Philip Johnson Department of Information and Computer Sciences University of Hawaii Honolulu,
More informationCleopatra Enterprise. Software highlights. Cost Engineering
Cleopatra Enterprise Software highlights Cost Engineering Version : 1..0 Content 1 Introduction...3 2 Common features...3 3 Estimating...5 4 Workflow...6 5 Interfacing...7 6 Web sharing...8 7 Plugins...9
More informationSystem Assurance C H A P T E R 12
C H A P T E R 12 System Assurance 169 The aim of system assurance is to verify that a system enforces a desired set of security goals. For example, we would like to know that a new operating system that
More informationIndustrialIT System 800xA Engineering
IndustrialIT System 800xA Engineering Overview Features and Benefits Integrated Engineering Environment: Supports the engineering of the entire extended automation system from field devices to plant management
More informationManaged Services. New Vibrations. Contents. Key Articles
Managed Services New Vibrations New Vibrations is a global staffing and services company dedicated to the Telecommunications, IT and Rail sectors. Founded in Portugal in early 2005, New Vibrations quickly
More informationSoftware Development Principles Applied to Graphical Model Development
Software Development Principles Applied to Graphical Model Development Paul A. Barnard * The MathWorks, Natick, MA 01760, USA The four fundamental principles of good software design communicate clearly,
More informationHow To Migrate To Control-M
Migration Methodology to CONTROL-M Introduction Over 1,800 satisfied customers have migrated from their existing scheduling solution to CONTROL-M Business Integrated Scheduling, and over five million job
More informationSurveying and evaluating tools for managing processes for software intensive systems
Master Thesis in Software Engineering 30 Credits, Advanced Level Surveying and evaluating tools for managing processes for software intensive systems Anuradha Suryadevara IDT Mälardalen University, ABB
More informationSoftware Quality Assurance Plan
For Database Applications Document ID: Version: 2.1a Planning Installation & Acceptance Integration & Test Requirements Definition Design Development 1 / 54 Copyright 2000-2006 Digital Publications LLC.
More informationWhite Paper Cybercom & Axiomatics Joint Identity & Access Management (R)evolution
White Paper Cybercom & Axiomatics Joint Identity & Access Management (R)evolution Federation and Attribute Based Access Control Page 2 Realization of the IAM (R)evolution Executive Summary Many organizations
More informationApplying multiscaling analysis to detect capacity resources in railway networks
Timetabling 73 Applying multiscaling analysis to detect capacity resources in railway networks A. Gille, M. Klemenz & Th. Siefer Institute of Transport, Railway Construction and Operation, Leibniz Universität
More informationMoving from Paper to Electronic Records: Hardwiring Compliance into Product Development Using technology to incorporate quality system regulation
P T C. c o m White Paper Medical Devices Page 1 of 8 Moving from Paper to Electronic Records: Hardwiring Compliance into Product Development Using technology to incorporate quality system regulation Abstract
More informationData Integrity in Travel Management Reporting
The travel management reports produced by back office systems and third-party reporting tools are often plagued with omissions, errors and inconsistencies. Although the output of a system is generally
More informationProduct Portfolio and Service Management. Take IT easy FNT s Product Portfolio and Service Management solution makes
Product Portfolio and Service Management Take IT easy FNT s Product Portfolio and Service Management solution makes light work of meeting the requirements and requests of your internal customers. www.fntsoftware.com
More informationAirline Flight and Reservation System. Software Design Document. Name:
Airline Flight and Reservation System Software Design Document Name: Date: 15.01.2011 Table of Contents 1. Introduction... 3 1.1 Purpose...3 1.2 Scope...3 1.3 Overview...3 2. System Overview... 4 3. System
More informationModel Simulation in Rational Software Architect: Business Process Simulation
Model Simulation in Rational Software Architect: Business Process Simulation Mattias Mohlin Senior Software Architect IBM The BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) is the industry standard notation
More informationCertification of a Scade 6 compiler
Certification of a Scade 6 compiler F-X Fornari Esterel Technologies 1 Introduction Topic : What does mean developping a certified software? In particular, using embedded sofware development rules! What
More informationCS3600 SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
CS3600 SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY Lecture 2: Operating System Structures Prof. Alan Mislove (amislove@ccs.neu.edu) Operating System Services Operating systems provide an environment for
More informationTECH. Requirements. Why are requirements important? The Requirements Process REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION AND ANALYSIS. Requirements vs.
CH04 Capturing the Requirements Understanding what the customers and users expect the system to do * The Requirements Process * Types of Requirements * Characteristics of Requirements * How to Express
More informationAutomated Test Generation
Automated Test Generation (From a Behavioral Model) James M. Clarke Lucent Technologies 2000 Naperville Road Naperville, IL 60666-7033 (630) 979-1861 jmclarke@lucent.com Abstract The challenge for testers:
More informationBROCADE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS
Data Sheet BROCADE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS Managing and Optimizing the Performance of Mainframe Storage Environments HIGHLIGHTs Manage and optimize mainframe storage performance, while
More informationThe Firewall Audit Checklist Six Best Practices for Simplifying Firewall Compliance and Risk Mitigation
The Firewall Audit Checklist Six Best Practices for Simplifying Firewall Compliance and Risk Mitigation Copyright, AlgoSec Inc. All rights reserved The Need to Ensure Continuous Compliance Regulations
More information1-04-10 Configuration Management: An Object-Based Method Barbara Dumas
1-04-10 Configuration Management: An Object-Based Method Barbara Dumas Payoff Configuration management (CM) helps an organization maintain an inventory of its software assets. In traditional CM systems,
More informationEddy Integrated Development Environment, LemonIDE for Embedded Software System Development
Introduction to -based solution for embedded software development Section 1 Eddy Real-Time, Lemonix Section 2 Eddy Integrated Development Environment, LemonIDE Section 3 Eddy Utility Programs Eddy Integrated
More informationLicense management service
License management service Service definition License Management Service is a service provided by HP Software Licensing & Management Solutions, which allows enterprise customers to effectively monitor
More informationA Database Re-engineering Workbench
A Database Re-engineering Workbench A project proposal by Anmol Sharma Abstract Data is not always available in the best form for processing, it is often provided in poor format or in a poor quality data
More informationDocumentation of DES Models for Manufacturing System Life Cycle Simulation
Documentation of DES Models for Manufacturing System Life Cycle Simulation Jan Oscarsson Matías Urenda Moris Agenda: - Life Cycle Simulation - User requirements - Model documentation - Conclusions A simulation
More informationMultiagent Control of Traffic Signals Vision Document 2.0. Vision Document. For Multiagent Control of Traffic Signals. Version 2.0
Vision Document For Multiagent Control of Traffic Signals Version 2.0 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MSE Bryan Nehl CIS 895 MSE Project Kansas State University Page
More informationHitex Germany. White Paper. Unit Test of Embedded Software
Hitex Germany Head Quarters Greschbachstr. 12 76229 Karlsruhe Germany +049-721-9628-0 Fax +049-721-9628-149 E-mail: Sales@hitex.de WEB: www.hitex.de Hitex UK Warwick University Science Park Coventry CV47EZ
More informationJava Programming (10155)
Java Programming (10155) Rationale Statement: The world is full of problems that need to be solved or that need a program to solve them faster. In computer, programming students will learn how to solve
More informationTHE BENEFITS OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT SAASAM WHITE PAPER. 439/35 Hobson Street, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand www.saasam.co.nz
THE BENEFITS OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT SAASAM WHITE PAPER 439/35 Hobson Street, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand www.saasam.co.nz Why Do We Need Change Management? Change is an inevitable part of every IT department
More informationMN1010 Evaluation Kit v3 User Guide
1 Evaluation Kit Introduction The MN1010 Evaluation Kit is designed to allow the user to quickly evaluate the Micro Modular Technologies MN1010 GPS receiver module. This kit can be used in either a laboratory
More informationCandle Plant process automation based on ABB 800xA Distributed Control Systems
Candle Plant process automation based on ABB 800xA Distributed Control Systems Yousef Iskandarani and Karina Nohammer Department of Engineering University of Agder Jon Lilletuns vei 9, 4879 Grimstad Norway
More informationDetecting Defects in Object-Oriented Designs: Using Reading Techniques to Increase Software Quality
Detecting Defects in Object-Oriented Designs: Using Reading Techniques to Increase Software Quality Current Research Team: Prof. Victor R. Basili Forrest Shull, Ph.D. Guilherme H. Travassos, D.Sc. (1)
More informationCrystal Gears. The Next Generation Personal Desktop Call Recording Solution. Why Crystal Gears
The Next Generation Personal Desktop Call Recording Solution Crystal Gears Crystal Gears (CG as short) is a new next generation desktop digital recording system like no other before. By widely compatible
More informationBest Practices for Verification, Validation, and Test in Model- Based Design
2008-01-1469 Best Practices for Verification, Validation, and in Model- Based Design Copyright 2008 The MathWorks, Inc. Brett Murphy, Amory Wakefield, and Jon Friedman The MathWorks, Inc. ABSTRACT Model-Based
More informationHow To Develop Software
Software Engineering Prof. N.L. Sarda Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Lecture-4 Overview of Phases (Part - II) We studied the problem definition phase, with which
More informationProcessing Requirements by Software Configuration Management
Processing Requirements by Software Configuration Management Ivica Crnkovic 1, Peter Funk 1, Magnus Larsson 2 1 Mälardalen University, Department of Computer Engineering, S-721 23 Västerås, Sweden {ivica.crnkovic,
More informationSOFTWARE TESTING TRAINING COURSES CONTENTS
SOFTWARE TESTING TRAINING COURSES CONTENTS 1 Unit I Description Objectves Duration Contents Software Testing Fundamentals and Best Practices This training course will give basic understanding on software
More informationA DIFFERENT KIND OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
SEER for Software SEER project estimation and management solutions improve success rates on complex software projects. Based on sophisticated modeling technology and extensive knowledge bases, SEER solutions
More informationCA Endevor Software Change Manager Version 15.0
PRODUCT SHEET CA Endevor Software Change Manager CA Endevor Software Change Manager Version 15.0 CA Endevor Software Change Manager (CA Endevor SCM) helps organizations to control all software management
More informationTrace Desktop Workforce / Fleet Management System
Trace Desktop Workforce / Fleet Management System Introduction TRACE is an extension of SD s Geographical Information System (SPACE) which incorporates a range of GPS tracking devices that enable users
More informationSoftware Engineering Best Practices. Christian Hartshorne Field Engineer Daniel Thomas Internal Sales Engineer
Software Engineering Best Practices Christian Hartshorne Field Engineer Daniel Thomas Internal Sales Engineer 2 3 4 Examples of Software Engineering Debt (just some of the most common LabVIEW development
More informationINDEPENDENT VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF EMBEDDED SOFTWARE
PREFERRED RELIABILITY PRACTICES PRACTICE NO. PD-ED-1228 PAGE 1 OF 6 INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF EMBEDDED SOFTWARE Practice: To produce high quality, reliable software, use Independent Verification
More informationMeasure Up! DK T7 - Compliant Audio, Loudness & Logging System. DK T7 Data sheet Oct. 201 3 V.1. DK-Technologies
Measure Up! DK T7 Data sheet Oct. 201 3 V.1 Introducing the DK T7 Hit your Audio and Loudness sweet-spot with outstanding precision and instant overview no matter the standard or target. We are proud to
More information