(iv) Services auxiliary to insurance, such as consultancy, actuarial, risk assessment and claim settlement services.

Transcription

1 Note to the reader The enclosed document contains a proposal by the European Union in the context of the "Trade in Services Agreement TiSA" negotiations. This document was distributed in July This proposal basically combines two existing documents: the GATS Annex on financial services and the GATS on Commitments in financial services. 1

2 TiSA SECTION FINANCIAL SERVICES Article 1 Scope and Definitions (1) This section applies to measures affecting the supply of financial services. (2) A financial service within the meaning of paragraph 1 is any service of a financial nature offered by a financial service supplier of a Party. Financial services include all insurance and insurance-related services, and all banking and other financial services (excluding insurance). Financial services include the following activities: Comment [MF1]: The Articles would have to be renumbered after integration of this section in the TiSA. Comment [MF2]: Paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article contain the definition of the scope and of financial services, both taken from the Annex on Financial Services ( Para. 1(a) and 5 of the Annex on FS. Insurance and insurance-related services (i) Direct insurance (including co-insurance) : (A) life (B) non-life (ii) Reinsurance and retrocession; (iii) Insurance intermediation, such as brokerage and agency; (iv) Services auxiliary to insurance, such as consultancy, actuarial, risk assessment and claim settlement services. Banking and other financial services (excluding insurance) (v) Acceptance of deposits and other repayable funds from the public; (vi) Lending of all types, including consumer credit, mortgage credit, factoring and financing of commercial transaction; (vii) Financial leasing; (viii) All payment and money transmission services, including credit, charge and debit cards, travellers cheques and bankers drafts; (ix) Guarantees and commitments; (x) Trading for own account or for account of customers, whether on an exchange, in an over-thecounter market or otherwise, the following: (A) money market instruments (including cheques, bills, certificates of deposits) ; (B) foreign exchange; (C) derivative products including, but not limited to, futures and options; 2

3 (D) exchange rate and interest rate instruments, including products such as swaps, forward rate agreements; (E) transferable securities; (F) other negotiable instruments and financial assets, including bullion. (xi) Participation in issues of all kinds of securities, including underwriting and placement as agent (whether publicly or privately) and provision of services related to such issues; (xii) Money broking; (xiii) Asset management, such as cash or portfolio management, all forms of collective investment management, pension fund management, custodial, depository and trust services; (xiv) Settlement and clearing services for financial assets, including securities, derivative products, and other negotiable instruments; (xv) Provision and transfer of financial information, and financial data processing and related software by suppliers of other financial services; (xvi) Advisory, intermediation and other auxiliary financial services on all the activities listed in subparagraphs (v) through (xv), including credit reference and analysis, investment and portfolio research and advice, advice on acquisitions and on corporate restructuring and strategy. (3) A financial service supplier means any natural or juridical person of a Party wishing to supply or supplying financial services but the term "financial service supplier" does not include a public entity. (4) Public entity means: (i) a government, a central bank or a monetary authority, of a Party, or an entity owned or controlled by a Party, that is principally engaged in carrying out governmental functions or activities for governmental purposes, not including an entity principally engaged in supplying financial services on commercial terms; or Comment [MF3]: Identical with para 5 (b) of the Annex on FS Comment [MF4]: Identical with para 5 (c.) of the Annex on FS (ii) a private entity, performing functions normally performed by a central bank or monetary authority, when exercising those functions. (5) This section shall not apply to financial services supplied in the exercise of governmental authority which are the following: (i) activities conducted by a central bank or monetary authority or by any other public entity in pursuit of monetary or exchange rate policies; (ii) activities forming part of a statutory system of social security or public retirement plans; and (iii) other activities conducted by a public entity for the account or with the guarantee or using the financial resources of the Government. 3

4 (6) If a Party allows any of the activities referred to in subparagraphs (ii) or (iii) of paragraph 5 to be conducted by its financial service suppliers in competition with a public entity or a financial service supplier, financial services shall include such activities. (7) A non-resident supplier of financial services is a financial service supplier of a Party which supplies a financial service into the territory of another Party from an establishment located in the territory of another Party, regardless of whether such a financial service supplier has or has not a commercial presence in the territory of the Party in which the financial service is supplied. Comment [MF5]: Paragraph 1 (c.) of the Annex on FS. Comment [MF6]: Paragraphs 7-9 reproduce definitions included in section D 1-3 of the on Commitments in Financial Services (the ) (8) Commercial presence means an enterprise within a Party's territory for the supply of financial services and includes wholly- or partly-owned subsidiaries, joint ventures, partnerships, sole proprietorships, franchising operations, branches, agencies, representative offices or other organizations (9) A new financial service is a service of a financial nature, including services related to existing and new products or the manner in which a product is delivered, that is not supplied by any financial service supplier in the territory of a Party but which is supplied in the territory of another Party. Article 2 Prudential carve-out (1) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement, a Party shall not be prevented from taking measures for prudential reasons, including for the protection of investors, depositors, policy holders or persons to whom a fiduciary duty is owed by a financial service supplier, or to ensure the integrity and stability of the financial system. Where such measures do not conform with the provisions of this Agreement, they shall not be used as a means of avoiding the participant's commitments or obligations under this Agreement. Comment [MF7]: Identical with para. 2 of the Annex on FS, apart from the title. Prudential carve-out is a widely accepted language. (2) Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to require a Party to disclose information relating to the affairs and accounts of individual customers or any confidential or proprietary information in the possession of public entities. Article 3 Recognition (1) A Party may recognize prudential measures of any other country in determining how the Party s measures relating to financial services shall be applied. Such recognition, which may be achieved through harmonization or otherwise, may be based upon an agreement or arrangement with the country concerned or may be accorded autonomously. Comment [MF8]: Identical with para. 3 (a) (b) of the Annex on FS. Interaction with GATS Article VII on recognition to be defined. (2) A Party that is a party to such an agreement or arrangement referred to in paragraph (1), whether future or existing, shall afford adequate opportunity for other interested Parties to negotiate their accession to such agreements or arrangements, or to negotiate comparable ones with it, under circumstances in which there would be equivalent regulation, oversight, implementation of such regulation, and, if appropriate, procedures concerning the sharing of information between the parties to the agreement or arrangement. Where a Party accords 4

5 recognition autonomously, it shall afford adequate opportunity for any other Party to demonstrate that such circumstances exist. (3) [interaction with Article VII GATS to be defined] Article 4 Standstill Any conditions, limitations and qualifications to the commitments according to Articles 6-9 shall be limited to existing non-conforming measures. Comment [MF9]: Section A of the. Article 5 Monopoly Rights Each Party shall list in its schedule pertaining to financial services (Annex XX) existing monopoly rights and shall endeavour to eliminate them or reduce their scope. Notwithstanding Article 1 (5), this Article applies to the activities referred to in Article 1 (5) iii. Comment [MF10]: Section B1 of the. Article 6 Financial Services purchased by Public Entities Notwithstanding Section X of this Agreement [on government procurement] and subject to any conditions, reservations and qualifications inscribed in its schedule of specific commitments in accordance with Article 4 each Party shall ensure that financial service suppliers of any other Party established in its territory are accorded most-favoured-nation treatment and national treatment as regards the purchase or acquisition of financial services by public entities of the Party in its territory. Article 7 Cross-border Trade (1) Subject to any conditions, reservations and qualifications inscribed in its schedule of specific commitments in accordance with Article 4, each Party shall permit non-resident suppliers of financial services to supply, as a principal, through an intermediary or as an intermediary, and under terms and conditions that accord national treatment, the following services: Comment [MF11]: Section B2 of the. Interaction with TiSA Section on GP to be considered. Comment [MF12]: The contains in its introduction a horizontal reservation clause. In order to specify to which provisions in the financial services section the reservation clause should apply, we propose to mention it directly in each provision to which parties may provide reservations in their schedules. The reference to Article 4 clarifies that any reservation would have to be in compliance with the standstill clause. Comment [MF13]: Section B3 of the. Comment [MF14]: See above comment 15 (a) insurance of risks relating to: (i) maritime shipping and commercial aviation and space launching and freight (including satellites), with such insurance to cover any or all of the following: the goods being transported, the vehicle transporting the goods and any liability arising therefrom; and (ii) goods in international transit; (b) reinsurance and retrocession and the services auxiliary to insurance as referred to in Article 1 (2) (iv); 5

6 (c) provision and transfer of financial information and financial data processing as referred to in Article 1 (2)(xv) and advisory and other auxiliary services, excluding intermediation, relating to banking and other financial services as referred to in Article 1 (2)(xvi). (2) Each Party shall permit its residents to purchase in the territory of any other Party the financial services indicated in: (a) paragraph 1(a); (b) paragraph 1(b); and (c) Article 1 (2) (v) to (xvi). Article 8 Commercial Presence (1) Subject to any conditions, reservations and qualifications inscribed in its schedule of specific commitments in accordance with Article 4, each Party shall grant financial service suppliers of any other Party the right to establish or expand within its territory, including through the acquisition of existing enterprises, a commercial presence. Comment [MF15]: Section B5 and B6 of the Comment [MF16]: See above comment 15 (2) A Party may impose terms, conditions and procedures for authorization of the establishment and expansion of a commercial presence in so far as they do not circumvent the Party's obligation under paragraph 1 and they are consistent with the other obligations of this Agreement. Article 9 Temporary Entry of Personnel (1) Subject to any conditions, reservations and qualifications inscribed in its schedule of specific commitments in accordance with Article 4, each Party shall permit temporary entry into its territory of the following personnel of a financial service supplier of any other Party that is establishing or has established a commercial presence in the territory of the Party: Comment [MF17]: Section B9 of the Comment [MF18]: See above comment 15 (i) senior managerial personnel possessing proprietary information essential to the establishment, control and operation of the services of the financial service supplier; and (ii) specialists in the operation of the financial service supplier. (2) Subject to conditions reservations and qualifications inscribed in its schedule of specific commitments in accordance with Article 4, each Party shall permit, subject to the availability of qualified personnel in its territory, temporary entry into its territory of the following personnel associated with a commercial presence of a financial service supplier of any other Party: (i) specialists in computer services, telecommunication services and accounts of the financial service supplier; and (ii) actuarial and legal specialists. 6

7 Article 10 Non-discriminatory Measures (1) Each Party shall endeavour to remove or to limit any significant adverse effects on financial service suppliers of any other Party of: Comment [MF19]: Section B10 of the (a) non-discriminatory measures that prevent financial service suppliers from offering in the Party s territory, in the form determined by the Party, all the financial services permitted by the Party; (b) non-discriminatory measures that limit the expansion of the activities of financial service suppliers into the entire territory of the Party; (c) measures of a Party, when such a Party applies the same measures to the supply of both banking and securities services, and a financial service supplier of any other Party concentrates its activities in the provision of securities services; and (d) other measures that, although respecting the provisions of this Agreement, affect adversely the ability of financial service suppliers of any other Party to operate, compete or enter the Party's market; provided that any action taken under this paragraph would not unfairly discriminate against financial service suppliers of the Party taking such action. (2) With respect to the non-discriminatory measures referred to in paragraphs 1(a) and (b), a Party shall endeavour not to limit or restrict the present degree of market opportunities nor the benefits already enjoyed by financial service suppliers of all other Parties as a class in the territory of the Party, provided that this commitment does not result in unfair discrimination against financial service suppliers of the Party applying such measures. Article 11 Dispute Settlement [may need to be adapted to DS section] Panels for disputes on prudential issues and other financial matters shall have the necessary expertise relevant to the specific financial service under dispute. Article 12 Effective and transparent regulation (1) Each Party shall, to the extent practicable, provide in advance to all interested persons any measure of general application that the Party proposes to adopt in order to allow an opportunity for such persons to comment on the measure. Such measure shall be provided: (a) (b) by means of an official publication; or in other written or electronic form. 7 Comment [MF20]: Para. 4 of the Annex on FS. May need to be adapted to TiSA DS section. Comment [MF21]: We propose to include an enhanced transparency provision in the financial services chapter of TiSA. Transparency is particularly important with regard to financial regulations. This provision would allow financial services suppliers from other countries to be aware of regulatory changes and to comment on any draft provisions in order to draw the attention of the regulator to any adverse effect of the proposed regulation. Enhanced transparency provisions with regard to financial services regulation are standard in many FTAs. To be noted that this is only a best-endeavour provision which would allow parties to deviate from it in case of urgency.

8 (2) Each Party shall make available to interested persons its requirements for completing applications relating to the supply of financial services. On the request of an applicant, the concerned Party shall inform the applicant of the status of its application. If the concerned Party requires additional information from the applicant, it shall notify the applicant without undue delay. [para. 2 may need to be adapted to DR chapter] (3) Each Party shall make its best endeavours to ensure that internationally agreed standards for regulation and supervision in the financial services sector and for the fight against tax evasion and avoidance are implemented and applied in its territory. Such internationally agreed standards are, inter alia, those adopted by the G20, the Financial Stability Board (FSB), the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), the International Association of Insurance Supervisors' (IAIS), the International Organisation of Securities Commissions (IOSCO), the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Comment [MF22]: We propose to include enhanced transparency standards with regard to the licencing procedure. Consistency with relevant provisions of the DR chapter would have to be ensured. Comment [MF23]: This provision takes account of the importance to ensure sound and consistent regulation of financial services by international regulatory bodies. It creates the link between better regulation and further liberalisation of financial markets through this agreement The Parties also take note of the Ten Key Principles for Information Exchange promulgated by the G7, and will take all steps necessary to try to apply them in their bilateral contacts. Art 13 New financial services Each Party shall permit financial service suppliers of any other Party established in its territory to offer in its territory any new financial service. A Party may determine the juridical form through which the service may be provided and may require authorisation for the provision of the service. Where such authorisation is required, a decision shall be made within a reasonable time and the authorisation may only be refused for prudential reasons. Comment [MF24]: The first subparagraph of this Article corresponds to paragraph B7 of the agreement. The second subparagraph specifies that despite the commitment of paragraph 1, the parties remain free to regulate the new financial service and to require authorisation. Article 14 Transfers of Information and Processing of Information No Party shall take measures that prevent transfers of information or the processing of financial information, including transfers of data by electronic means, or that, subject to importation rules consistent with international agreements, prevent transfers of equipment, where such transfers of information, processing of financial information or transfers of equipment are necessary for the conduct of the ordinary business of a financial service supplier. Nothing in this paragraph restricts the right of a Party to protect personal data, personal privacy and the confidentiality of individual records and accounts so long as such right is not used to circumvent the provisions of this Agreement. Comment [MF25]: Section B8 of the Article 15 Clearing and payment systems Under terms and conditions that accord national treatment, each Party shall grant to financial service suppliers of any other Party established in its territory access to payment and clearing systems operated by public entities, and to official funding and refinancing facilities available in the normal course of ordinary Comment [MF26]: Section C 1 of the 8

9 business. This paragraph is not intended to confer access to a Party s lender of last resort facilities. Article 16 Self-regulatory organisations When membership or participation in, or access to, any self-regulatory body, securities or futures exchange or market, clearing agency, or any other organization or association, is required by a Party in order for financial service suppliers of any other Party to supply financial services on an equal basis with financial service suppliers of the Party, or when a Party provides directly or indirectly such entities, privileges or advantages in supplying financial services, the Party shall ensure that such entities accord national treatment to financial service suppliers of any other Party resident in the territory of the Party. Comment [MF27]: Section C 2 of the 9