Troubleshooting Tips and Tricks
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1 Troubleshooting Tips and Tricks for TCP/IP Networks June 16, 2011 Laura Chappell Founder Chappell University/Wireshark University SHARKFEST 11 Stanford University June 13 16, 2011
2 The Top 10 Issues 1. Packet loss 2. Client, server and wire latency 3. Window scaling issues (RFC 1323) 4. Service response issues and application behavior 5. Network design issues (wired/wireless) 6. Path issues (such as QoS) 7. Itty Bitty Stinking Packets (Low MSS Value) 8. Fragmentation 9. Timing problems 10. Interconnecting devices copyright chappellseminars.com
3 Hot Tips for TCP/IP Troubleshooting Build a troubleshooting profile* Recolor Window Update packets to green background (should not be Bad TCP coloring) Filter on ports, not protocols (e.g., use tcp.port==80 rather than http) Always watch the time column some networking is just ugly Watch for both Retransmissions and Fast Retransmissions in the Expert** * See Laura s Lab Kit v10 ** as noted in the session filter on tcp.analysis.retransmissions will show both standard and fast retransmissions!
4 Hot Tips for TCP/IP Troubleshooting Recognize a short TCP handshake data is contained in the third handshake packet Expand the Conversation window to view Duration Enable TCP Conversation Timestamps (TCP protocol setting) column? Click through the IO Graph Don t troubleshoot red herrings Know the definition of each TCP analysis flag Watch the handshakes! * See Laura s Lab Kit v10
5 Your TCP/IP Troubleshooting Profile ISO image online at lcuportal2.com SHARKFEST 11 Stanford University June 13 16, 2011
6 The All Important Handshake Focus on: Window Size Options
7 TCP Options parameters/tcp parameters.xml
8 The Ideal Handshake MSS is decent size Window Scaling is enabled and shift factor is OK (watch out for a shift factor of 0) SACK is enabled Timestamp is on for high speed links (PAWS) Taken at client, the RTT is acceptable
9 PAWS (RFC 1323) Protection Against Wrapped Sequence Numbers
10 The Problem Handshake #1 Switch Router MSS 1460 WinScale x4 SACK MSS 1460 WinScale x1 SACK Mike
11 The Problem Handshake #1 Uh oh only 500 bytes receive buffer space Your I ll stop WinScale sending x1 Switch Router Ack WinSize: 500 (x4) Mike WinScale x4
12 The Problem Handshake #2 MSS 1460 WinScale x4 (You don t SACK so I won t either) Switch Router MSS 1460 WinScale x4 SACK MSS 1460 WinScale x4 Mike
13 Let s Analyze a Problem NAT/Firewall Load Balancer Mike
14 Let s Analyze a Problem tcp-problem-pointa.pcap tcp-problem-pointc.pcap NAT/Firewall Load Balancer Mike tcp-problem-pointb.pcap
15 Connection at Point A SYN SYN/ACK NAT/Firewall Load Balancer Mike
16 Connection at Point B SYN SYN/ACK NAT/Firewall Load Balancer Mike
17 Connection at Point C SYN SYN/ACK NAT/Firewall Load Balancer Mike
18 The Beliefs NAT/Firewall My WinScale x ,840 bytes Mike
19 The Beliefs Switch NAT/Firewall Switch Your WinScale x1 515 bytes available Mike
20 What About this Issue?
21 Use Wireshark TCP Analysis Flags tcp.analysis.flags tcp.analysis.lost_segment tcp.analysis.retransmission tcp.analysis.fast_retransmission tcp.analysis.duplicate_ack tcp.analysis.out_of_order tcp.analysis.window_full tcp.analysis.zero_window
22 BTW: TCP Preferences Change Change to relative sequence numbers setting
23 BTW: Using a Heuristic Dissector EtherType = 0800 (IP) IP: Type = 6 (TCP) TCP: Port = 80 (HTTP) HTTP Dissector
24 Coloring Rules Questions? (download the ISO of LLK10 at lcuportal.com)
25
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