Traffic Control Person Training

Transcription

1 MN2059 Traffic Control Person Training Participant Guide

2 Acknowledgement The Traffic Control Person Training Course was reworked by Nutec Training Ltd. on behalf of the Committee to Review Training Standards for Traffic Control (TCP Committee). The TCP Committee consisted of representatives from the British Columbia Government, industry, labour and education. The project was sponsored by the Ministry of Transportation, and funded by the Ministry, the Workers Compensation Board of British Columbia and the Insurance Corporation of British Columbia. Members of the TCP Committee included: Argo Road Maintenance (Thompson) Inc. BC Association of Police Chiefs BC Federation of Labour BC Government and Service Employees Union BC Ministry of Advanced Education, Training and Technology BC Ministry of Transportation BC Road Builders and Heavy Construction Association BC Safety Council Canadian Union of Public Employees City of Vancouver Construction and Specialized Workers Training Society Insurance Corporation of BC International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Local 213 J Cat Holdings Ltd. JJM Group, JJM Maintenance Ltd. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local 258 Telus Communications (BC) Inc. Union of BC Municipalities Workers Compensation Board of British Columbia The TCP Committee would like to thank all those who participated in the development of the training standards and course materials including BC Hydro and Finning (Canada) Ltd. who provided digital images of equipment. September 2002

3 Traffic Control Person Training Participant Guide Province of British Columbia Ministry of Transportation 2002

4 National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data Main entry under title: Traffic control person training : participant guide The Traffic control person training course was reworked by Nutec Training Ltd. on behalf of the Committee to Review Training Standards for Traffic Control -- Acknowledgement. ISBN Traffic regulations British Columbia. 2. Traffic safety British Columbia. 3. Traffic signs and signals British Columbia. I. British Columbia. Ministry of Transportation. II. British Columbia. Committee to Review Training Standards for Traffic Control. III. Nutec Training Ltd. TE228.T '56'09711 C X For Information and Online Materials Ministry of Transportation PO Box 9850 Stn Prov Govt Victoria British Columbia Canada V8W 9T5 Web: Ordering Curriculum Sales & Licensing Open Learning Agency 4355 Mathissi Place Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5G 4S8 Telephone: or Fax: catalogue@ola.bc.ca Web: Traffic Control Person Training Participant Guide ISBN: Order Number: MN2059 Traffic Control Person Training Instructor Guide ISBN: Order Number: MN2060 Copyright 2002 Province of British Columbia Ministry of Transportation

5 Using Traffic Control Equipment Table of Contents 1 Course Introduction Welcome How to Use this Guide Course Description Agenda Performance Objectives Roles and Responsibilities Tailgate Meetings Complying with Regulations and Standards About This Unit WCB Regulations Self Test Traffic Control Standards Self Test Motor Vehicle Act and Regulations Self Test Self Test Answers Using Traffic Control Equipment About This Unit Using Personal Protective Equipment Self Test Using Traffic Control Devices Self Test Self Test Answers Participant Guide September 2002 i

6 Traffic Control Person Training 4 Setting Up Work Zones About This Unit Parts of a Work Zone Self Test Work Zone Layouts Self Test Setting Up a Work Zone Self Test Self Test Answers Basic Traffic Control Skills About This Unit Using and Interpreting Signals Self Test Controlling Vehicles and Pedestrians Self Test Practical Exercise 5-1: Procedures Practical Skills Evaluation Checklist Self Test Answers Working Around Equipment About This Unit Recognizing Construction Equipment Self Test Controlling Equipment and Workers Self Test Self Test Answers ii September 2002 Participant Guide

7 7 Building on Basic Traffic Control Skills About This Unit Dangerous Goods and Other Hazards Controlling Uncommon Traffic Self Test Using Two-Way Radios Self Test Practical Exercise 7-1: Procedures Practical Skills Evaluation Checklist Self Test Answers Course Review About This Unit Best Practices Appendix Contact Numbers and Websites References Participant Guide September 2002 iii

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9 Unit 1 Course Introduction

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11 Course Introduction Welcome Welcome to the Traffic Control Person Training Course. This course will enable you to become a qualified traffic control person (TCP). You will be eligible to work on public roads throughout British Columbia. The course covers the knowledge and practical skills you will need to work safely according to the Workers Compensation Board (WCB) Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, Ministry of Transportation (MOT) standards and other regulatory requirements. The materials for the course include the following: Traffic Control Person Training Participant Guide Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways, current Office Edition, Ministry of Transportation Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways, current Field Edition, Ministry of Transportation Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, current edition, Workers Compensation Board of British Columbia Marks of Safety, Transport Canada Check that you have received all these materials. Contact your instructor if you have not received some of them. Participant Guide September

12 Traffic Control Person Training How to Use This Guide This Guide is designed as a workbook for participants in the Traffic Control Person Training Course. It can to be used in two ways. It will guide you through the pre-course work prior to the course. You can read the Guide and the references at your own pace. You will then be well prepared to discuss them when you come to the class. The Guide can also be used as a reference during the classroom sessions. You can make notes in it as the instructor reviews the main points and complete the self tests in each unit. Units 5 and 7 contain procedures for the field sessions and Practical Skills Evaluation Checklists. You should review these before the classroom session so you are familiar with the exercises that will be used to evaluate your performance. 1-2 September 2002 Participant Guide

13 Using Traffic Control Equipment Course Description Traffic Control Person Training is a minimum two day, competencybased course which covers the basic theory and practical skills that are required to become a qualified traffic control person. The course has three components: Pre-course Work Classroom Sessions Field Sessions Pre-course Work To complete the pre-course work, participants will read this Participant Guide and specific sections of the reference materials that are provided, then complete the self tests which are included in each unit. The tests are designed to help participants assess their own learning progress. Participant Guide September

14 Traffic Control Person Training The pre-course work is self-paced allowing participants to work through it at their own speed. We recommend that you complete it in short sections of 45 minutes followed by a break. This will take approximately 4 to 6 hours and must be completed prior to attending the classroom sessions. Participants will be asked to complete a quiz on this material at the beginning of the classroom session. The purpose of the quiz is to help you review the pre-course work and identify parts you need to study for the written competency exam. Classroom Sessions In the classroom sessions, instructors will review the main points and self tests in each unit. They will also highlight key topics and procedures through videotapes, group discussions, demonstrations and displays. These sessions will be interactive and will allow participants an opportunity to discuss any questions or problems that arose during the pre-course work. Field Sessions The field sessions will give participants a chance to practice basic traffic control skills and demonstrate their competence. They will include setting up, controlling and removing work zones on a two-lane, twoway roadway with a speed limit of 50 km/h, an intersection, and a work zone that uses only one TCP. Evaluation Participants knowledge and practical skills will be evaluated during the course through self tests, a written exam and a practical skills evaluation. Participants will be given the pre-course quiz on the first morning of the classroom session to assist them to review the basic theory covered in the course and to prepare them for the written evaluation that is conducted on Day September 2002 Participant Guide

15 Using Traffic Control Equipment Participants practical traffic controls skills will be evaluated after they have completed the exercises in Units 5 and 7. The criteria used to evaluate participants practical skills are given in the Practical Skills Evaluation Checklists at the end of Units 5 and 7. We recommend that participants review it prior to the course. Upon completion of the course, a list of successful participants will be registered with the BC Traffic Control Person administrating agency. Course Evaluation At the end of the course, all participants will be given a course evaluation form to complete. The instructor values your comments and suggestions regarding the course because they assist him/her to improve the delivery. Participant and instructor feedback plays a vital role as the Traffic Control Person Training Course is updated and revised to provide training that is technically accurate, relevant and worthwhile. Participant Guide September

16 Traffic Control Person Training Agenda The Traffic Control Person Training is a minimum two-day training course. Instructors may expand some topics or include additional ones. The following agenda shows the core topics that will be delivered. Day 1 Course Introduction - TCP Theory Review Complying with Regulations and Standards Using Traffic Control Equipment Setting Up Work Zones Basic Traffic Control Skills - Practical Exercise: Controlling a Two-lane, Twoway Roadway, 50 km/h - Practical Skills Evaluation: Controlling a Two-lane, Two-way Roadway, 50 km/h Day 2 Review Day 1 Working Around Equipment Building on Basic Traffic Control Skills - Practical Exercise: Controlling Work Zones with One TCP, an Intersection and Intermittent Moving Work (optional) - Practical Skills Evaluation: Controlling Work Zones with One TCP, an Intersection and Intermittent Moving Work (optional) Course Review - Traffic Control Person Theory Exam Wrap Up 1-6 September 2002 Participant Guide

17 Using Traffic Control Equipment Performance Objectives The goal of the Traffic Control Person Training course is to enable participants to become qualified traffic control persons. Here are the skills participants must be able to demonstrate to successfully complete the course. Unit Skills 1 Course Introduction N/A 2 Complying with Regulations and Standards 3 Using Traffic Control Equipment Comply with specific provisions of Part 3, Division 3 and Division 10 of the Workers Compensation Act Comply with specific WCB regulations located in Parts 3, 4 and 7 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation Locate MoT traffic control standards and procedures in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways (Office Edition) Comply with the Motor Vehicle Act and Regulations that govern the control of traffic in temporary work zones Describe specific safety standards with which personal protective equipment must comply Identify personal traffic control equipment Identify work zone traffic control devices Describe the maintenance of traffic control equipment Comply with specific Regulations located in Part 8 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation Participant Guide September

18 Traffic Control Person Training Unit Skills 4 Setting Up Work Zones Describe the different areas in work zones Describe the purpose of each area List factors which will affect the choice of a work zone layout Locate standards in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways that describe requirements for placing traffic control devices in work zones Describe procedures for setting up, maintaining and removing a work zone Describe when a TCP is required to control traffic through a work zone by referring to Part 18 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation 5 Basic Traffic Control Skills 6 Working Around Equipment Use audible signals to communicate with motorists and other TCPs Use visual signals to communicate with motorists and other TCPs Position yourself for controlling traffic in an area that provides maximum visibility and a safe escape route Assist in setting up a work zone on a two-lane, two-way roadway that has a maximum speed limit of 50 km/h Recognize common construction equipment used on public roads Describe associated hazards to avoid and precautions to take when working around construction equipment used on public roads Demonstrate how to control equipment and traffic using signals to communicate with other TCPs, workers and motorists 1-8 September 2002 Participant Guide

19 Using Traffic Control Equipment Unit 7 Building on Basic Traffic Control Skills Skills Identify classifications used in the transportation of dangerous goods Describe procedures for responding to incidents such as broken gas lines, sewer lines and gas mains, or downed power lines Describe procedures for controlling uncommon traffic Describe procedures for using radios Demonstrate basic traffic control skills such as controlling traffic at an intersection and controlling traffic in a work zone that requires only one TCP 8 Course Review N/A Participant Guide September

20 Traffic Control Person Training Roles and Responsibilities Responsibilities of a Traffic Control Person (TCP) TCPs have a great deal of responsibility on the job. The safety of workers, motorists, cyclists and pedestrians depend on the directions they give. Everyone relies on TCPs to give them proper directions for passing safely through work zones. Controlling traffic may look easy, but it is not. A TCP must stay alert and in control for long hours and at times under difficult conditions. In the summer it can be hot and TCPs can suffer sunburn, dehydration, insect bites and heat stress, while winter conditions can cause cold stress and other problems. It can also be hazardous working around construction equipment, fast moving traffic and inattentive drivers. What do TCPs do during a day? Here are some of the activities they perform: Attend and participate in regular onsite safety meetings with the traffic control supervisor and other TCPs; these meetings are commonly called tailgate, worksite, toolbox, tailboard or crew meetings; they cover safety, setup and removal of the work zone and other procedures specific to the work zone Check with crew leaders or traffic control supervisors before the shift starts to find out about the activities that day Check location of first aid stations and identify workers with first aid certification Identify and locate equipment working on the site and locations of work activities of the equipment Assist in setup of traffic control zones in accordance with regulations and standards Check hand signals used by crew to indicate work activities 1-10 September 2002 Participant Guide

21 Using Traffic Control Equipment Control traffic from highly visible and safe positions Locate safe escape routes Adjust work zones as work progresses Respond to emergency situations and hazards, as required Remove traffic control devices at the end of the day or when the job is finished As you can see, TCPs have a lot of responsibility at a traffic control site. They must be alert at all times, check for variations in the worksite and adapt the worksite setup as required. Job Locations and Conditions One of the challenges in working as a TCP is learning how to work safely and comfortably in different geographic locations, environmental conditions and at various times of the day. You may be asked to control traffic on quiet country roads, major highways, hectic city streets, in small residential neighbourhoods, on bridges, around shopping malls, or through busy commercial areas. In each location you need to watch for different hazards or take specific precautions. Road configurations also affect the way you control traffic in a work zone. You may be positioned on a straight stretch of roadway, on hills or curves. Or the work zone may be close to a hospital that has emergency vehicles arriving constantly or near a construction site that has a lot of heavy equipment moving in and out. Drivers may be attentive and co-operative, but at times you may have some who are rude and impatient. Keeping cool under pressure is tough to do! During the winter, you may have to protect yourself from cold stress and in the summer you may be concerned about heat stress and insect bites. TCPs need to be prepared for a variety of conditions. Some jobs are very noisy while others are dusty. You may be required to wear special equipment such as hearing protection or a particle mask. Participant Guide September

22 Traffic Control Person Training Your shift may start early in the morning, or you may have to work throughout the night, in fog, snow or rain. At times, there can be dramatic changes in the weather throughout the day. It s a challenge for TCPs to remain alert and work safely! It is important to learn about hazards that are related to these locations and conditions so that you can take appropriate precautions. You should also take time to become familiar with the safety regulations and traffic control standards with which you must comply in each situation. Your traffic control supervisor is an important source of information about specific job conditions and requirements, so do not hesitate to ask questions the life you save may be your own! A good time to review specific job conditions and requirements is at the beginning of a shift or at a safety tailgate meeting. Responsibilities of a Traffic Control Supervisor It is important for TCPs to identify the traffic control supervisor (TCS) at the beginning of each shift. The TCS is a supervisor who has been designated responsible for the complete traffic control installation and who is knowledgeable and competent in all aspects of traffic control. Under the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation Part 18.3, the TCS is responsible to ensure that: Required traffic control devices are in place All TCPs are wearing the required personal protective clothing and equipment TCPs are positioned in a safe location clear of potential environmental hazards such as a slide or avalanche TCPs perform traffic control duties competently and safely Responsibility for co-ordination of changes in traffic flow when two or more TCPs are required to work as a team in a traffic control zone has been assigned to an experienced TCP When you gain more traffic control experience you may become a traffic control supervisor. Until then, it is important that you do not take on any more responsibility than you can handle September 2002 Participant Guide

23 Using Traffic Control Equipment Tailgate Meetings Earlier in this section, onsite safety meetings were mentioned as one of the activities in which TCPs participate. On the job, these meetings may be called a variety of names. For the purposes of this course, we will call them tailgate meetings because they typically occur around the back of the traffic control supervisor s vehicle. These meetings are very important because the traffic control plan and other safety issues are discussed at this time. They also provide opportunities for TCPs to ask questions and raise concerns. Frequently, tailgate meetings are held at the beginning of a shift, but they may occur throughout the shift, particularly if the work zone is moving or if adjustments are required to the work zone setup. Throughout the course we will refer to topics and procedures that should be discussed in tailgate meetings to remind you to ask your traffic control supervisor about them if the are not covered. Do not be shy about asking questions! Remember that your safety depends on you being absolutely clear on work zone hazards and safety procedures. Participant Guide September

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25 Unit 2 Complying with Regulations and Standards

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27 Complying with Regulations and Standards About This Unit All traffic control in British Columbia is governed by the Workers Compensation Board Occupational Health and Safety Regulation and the latest edition of the Ministry of Transportation (MOT) Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways. Other regulations which govern traffic control include the Motor Vehicle Act and Act Regulations and the federal Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations. These regulations and standards have been developed to protect you, the onsite workers, and the general public while they are travelling on roadways throughout the province. This unit introduces the regulations, standards and procedures with which you must comply when you are working as a TCP. The topics covered in this unit include: WCB Occupational Health and Safety Regulation MoT Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways Motor Vehicle Act and Act Regulations The transportation of dangerous goods is covered later in Unit 7, Building on Basic Traffic Control Skills. Participant Guide September

28 Traffic Control Person Training Performance Objectives When you have successfully completed this unit you will be able to: Comply with specific provisions of Part 3, Division 3 and Division 10 of the Workers Compensation Act Comply with specific regulations located in Parts 3, 4 and 7 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation Locate MoT traffic control standards and procedures in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways, current Office Edition Comply with the Motor Vehicle Act and Act Regulation that governs the control of traffic in temporary work zones. Resources You will need to refer to the following resources: Workers Compensation Act, British Columbia. Parts 3, 4 and 7 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways, Office Edition 2-2 September 2002 Participant Guide

29 Complying with Regulations and Standards WCB Regulations The Workers Compensation Board of British Columbia (WCB) is an administrative agency that operates under the authority of the Workers Compensation Act (WCA). The WCB is dedicated to the safety, protection and good health of workers. Its employees: Monitor and promote occupational safety and health practices through regulation, inspection, education and consultation Provide rehabilitation and compensation, as well as vocational training to workers who are injured or suffer from an occupational disease Provide compensation to dependants of workers who have been disabled or killed as a result of a work-related injury or occupational disease Provide compensation and assistance to victims of criminal acts, under the authority of the Criminal Compensation Act Employers in industries covered by the Workers Compensation Act fund the WCB. Most employers in British Columbia are covered by the WCB under the Act. Compensation for work-related injuries is not the same throughout Canada. Each province or territory has its own laws. Payments made by employers and benefits for workers and services differ from province to province. Several parts of the Act and Regulation contain requirements that TCPs should become knowledgeable about because they define TCP responsibilities and safe work practices. These parts include, but are not limited to: Workers Compensation Act - Part 3, Division 3: General Duties of Employers, Workers and Others Participant Guide September

30 Traffic Control Person Training - Part 3, Division 10: Accident Reporting and Investigation Occupational Health and Safety Regulation - Part 3: Rights and Responsibilities - Part 4: General Conditions - Part 7: Noise, Vibration, Radiation and Temperature - Part 8: Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment - Part 18: Traffic Control In this unit we will cover the Workers Compensation Act and Parts 3, 4 and 7 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation. Parts 8 and 18 of the Regulation will be covered later in the course. Workers Compensation Act The Workers Compensation Act is organized into three parts: Part 1, Compensation to Workers and Dependants, covers compensation assessments, governance of the board and general administrative procedures Part 2 deals with the liability of employers in industries that are not within the scope of Part 1 Part 3, Occupational Health and Safety, covers the rights and responsibilities of workplace parties, joint committees and worker representatives, protection against discrimination, board administrative procedures and regulation making authority It is useful to become familiar with the various parts of the Act. However, the most pertinent sections of the Act for TCPs are in Part 3. Several provisions in these sections are highlighted below. Part 3, Division 3: General Duties of Employers, Workers and Others This section of the Act defines the general responsibilities of people in the workplace. 2-4 September 2002 Participant Guide

31 Complying with Regulations and Standards! Read Part 3, Division 3 of the Workers Compensation Act. As you read this section pay particular attention to the following provisions: 115 General duties of employers 116 General duties of workers 117 General duties of supervisors Part 3, Division 10: Accident Reporting and Investigation This section of the Act describes employers responsibility to report accidents.! Read Part 3, Division 10 of the Workers Compensation Act. As you read this section, note the following provisions: 172 Immediate notice of certain accidents Occupational Health and Safety Regulation Part 3: Rights and Responsibilities In Part 3, an employer s responsibility for inspecting the workplace regularly for unsafe working conditions is defined, as well as requirements for correcting unsafe conditions and training workers. It also describes a worker s right to refuse unsafe work.! Read Part 3 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation. As you read it, note the following regulations: 3.1 and 3.2 Occupational health and safety programs 3.3 (b) Tailgate meetings 3.9, 3.10 and 3.11 Correction of unsafe working conditions 3.12 Refusal of unsafe work Participant Guide September

32 Traffic Control Person Training Part 4: General Conditions Part 4 describes emergency procedures, defines impairment and requirements for working alone or in isolation as well as other general conditions.! Read Part 4 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation. As you read this section, pay particular attention to the following regulations: 4.19 Physical or mental impairment 4.20 Impairment by alcohol, drugs or other substances 4.21 Working alone or in isolation 4.24 Workplace conduct Violence in the workplace Part 7: Noise, Vibration, Radiation and Temperature Part 7 covers noise, vibration, radiation and temperature. You should pay attention to requirements for hearing protection, heat stress and cold stress.! Read Part 7 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation. As you read it, note the following regulations: 7.16 Noise hazard areas 7.61 Heat stress, education and training 7.74 Cold stress, education and training It is important that you become familiar with OHS requirements so you can prevent injuries to yourself and follow emergency procedures properly in assisting others. A safe workplace is everyone s responsibility. Now complete Self Test 2-1 and check your answers. 2-6 September 2002 Participant Guide

33 Complying with Regulations and Standards Self Test 2-1 Use Parts 3, 4 and 7 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation to answer the following questions. 1. When must an employer report a serious risk or fatal accident to the WCB? Answer 2. Who is responsible for making sure the workplace is safe? Answer 3. If you observe any unsafe conditions, what should you do? Answer 4. What should you do if you are asked to perform work that is unsafe? Answer 5. Let s suppose that you have been taking a non-prescription medication for a bad cold. After a few hours on the job, you feel very drowsy. What should you do? Answer Participant Guide September

34 Traffic Control Person Training 6. What should you do if you are asked to work alone or in isolation? Answer 7. How should you respond if you are involved in or you are a witness to violence in the workplace? Answer 8. Describe the rights of workers who are injured or who have suffered adverse symptoms as a result of an incident of violence? Answer Check your answers with the correct ones at the end of this unit. If some of your answers were incorrect, take time to review this section. You can also discuss them with your instructor during class. 2-8 September 2002 Participant Guide

35 Complying with Regulations and Standards Traffic Control Standards Traffic control is required whenever traffic must be moved through or around road or utility work on or next to a roadway. The Ministry of Transportation has developed basic principles and standards for traffic control on highways and roadways throughout British Columbia. These principles and standards are located in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways. It is important that you are able to locate these standards quickly and easily because they describe how many of your activities as a TCP must be carried out. For instance, the Traffic Control Manual states how a temporary work zone must be set up. It specifies which signs should be used, where they should be placed and the distance between them and other traffic control devices. In addition, the WCB has adopted the standards in the Traffic Control Manual as part of the new Regulation and WCB field officers will expect compliance with them at worksites. There are two versions of the Traffic Control Manual, the Office Edition and the Field Edition. The Office Edition is detailed and is intended for use in an office environment. A copy of this version is included in your course materials. The Field Edition, on the other hand, is small and sturdy. It can be stored in a glove box, toolbox, backpack or back pocket and is meant to be a reference on the job. All TCPs should carry a copy of the Field Edition when they are on the job. You will need it as a reference when you are setting up or adjusting a work zone. Participant Guide September

36 Traffic Control Person Training We will look at the Office Edition of the Traffic Control Manual now so you will become familiar with the information it contains. It has an index and six chapters, which are as follows: Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 General Instructions Traffic Control Devices Typical Traffic Control Layouts for Short Duration Work Zones Typical Traffic Control Layouts for Long Duration Work Zones Typical Traffic Control layouts for Freeway Work Zones Appendices You will be referring to the manual throughout the course, so take time to see how it is organized.! Review the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways, Office Edition. As you review it, read the following sections carefully: Section Section Section Section 2.3 Fundamental Principles Definitions Sign Illustrations at a Glance Traffic Control Persons If you have any questions or comments about any of these sections of the Traffic Control Manual, make sure you write them down so you can discuss them with you instructor during class. Now complete Self Test 2-2 and check your answers September 2002 Participant Guide

37 Complying with Regulations and Standards Self Test 2-2 Use the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways to answer the following questions. 1. State in your own words the 5 fundamental principles of traffic control. Answer 2. Write a definition in your own words of the following terms. Roadway Highway Street Freeway Participant Guide September

38 Traffic Control Person Training Low volume roadway High volume roadway Short duration work Downstream direction Upstream direction Taper and taper length 3. Locate the sign number of the following signs: Stop/Slow Paddle Construction Ahead Crew Working Ahead TCP Ahead Single Lane Traffic 4. Explain in your own words three steps for stopping traffic September 2002 Participant Guide

39 Complying with Regulations and Standards 5. Describe the two steps TCPs use to slow traffic: Answer Check your answers with the correct ones at the end of this unit. If some of your answers were incorrect, take time to review this section. You can also discuss them with your instructor during class. Participant Guide September

40 Traffic Control Person Training Motor Vehicle Act and Regulations The Motor Vehicle Act is a legal document created by the government of the Province of British Columbia to regulate the movement of traffic such as motor vehicles, pedestrians and bicycles on all public roads. These roads include rural highways, municipal streets and other places such as shopping centre parking lots. The Motor Vehicle Act Regulations contain standards and procedures that are more specific than those found in the Act. Traffic Control Regulation The regulation of traffic movement is described in the Motor Vehicle Act and in the Act Regulations. TCPs derive their authority to direct traffic under the Motor Vehicle Act. Some sections of the Act that are of interest to TCPs state the following: Section 138 requires persons in charge of any work carried out on a roadway to erect signs indicating persons or equipment working Section 139 requires persons in charge of any work carried out on a roadway to erect signs to limit the rate of speed Section 141 requires a driver to obey the directions of a TCP Section 142 requires that temporary traffic control devices be removed after work is completed The Motor Vehicle Act Regulations state that TCPs must only use signs built to the specifications given in Division September 2002 Participant Guide

41 Complying with Regulations and Standards In construction zones, permanent traffic control signs may be covered with temporary ones. It is important to place temporary signs so they are easily visible. Check to ensure they do not contradict others in the work zone. For instance, signs showing speed limits should all be the same. Also make sure signs are removed as soon as the work is completed. Authority and Jurisdiction The Motor Vehicle Act and Act Regulations give authority for the placement of traffic control devices to the Ministry of Transportation for provincial highways and unorganized areas, and to cities and municipalities for streets in their local areas. In the past, cities and municipalities developed their own signs and traffic control standards. Since many provincial highways pass through municipalities and cities, there was some confusion over who had authority and jurisdiction. There were also a variety of signs used and differing standards for their design, construction and placement. Recently municipalities and cities have adopted MoT s standards as provided in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways. However, you may still see some variation in signs and placement of them. Now complete Self Test 2-3 and check your answers. Participant Guide September

42 Traffic Control Person Training Self Test 2-3 Circle the best answer for the following questions. 1. The Motor Vehicle Act regulates the movement of traffic including: a. Motor vehicles and pedestrians b. Pedestrians, bicycles and motor vehicles c. Only motor vehicles d. Motor vehicles, motorcycles and bicycles 2. According to the Motor Vehicle Act, temporary traffic control devices must be removed: a. As soon as the work is completed b. Within two weeks c. At the end of the day d. Within 48 hours or two days of the work being completed 3. When temporary traffic control devices are placed on the highway you should: a. Make sure that there are at least two of each b. Place them directly beneath the permanent signs c. Place them after the permanent signs d. Cover or remove permanent signs 2-16 September 2002 Participant Guide

43 Complying with Regulations and Standards 4. If you are not sure that the signs you are using are the right colour or shape, you can check: a. Workers Compensation Act b. Motor Vehicle Act, Division 23 c. Motor Vehicle Regulations, Section 141 d. Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways 5. Traffic control devices can only be changed by: a. RCMP, city or municipal police b. Traffic control supervisors c. Traffic control supervisors and TCPs d. Work zone superintendent Check your answers with the correct ones at the end of this unit. If some of your answers were incorrect, take time to review this section. You can also discuss them with your instructor during class. Participant Guide September

44 Traffic Control Person Training Self Test Answers Self Test 2-1 Answers 1. Immediately. 2. Employers and employees. 3. Fix it if you can do so without leaving your position. If not, report it immediately to your traffic control supervisor or employer. 4. Report the circumstances of the unsafe condition to your traffic control to your traffic control supervisor immediately. 5. Report your condition to your traffic control supervisor immediately. 6. Ask your traffic control supervisor who will check you and at what intervals, procedures to follow if checks are not made at these intervals, and emergency rescue procedures. 7. Report the incident to your traffic control supervisor immediately. 8. Workers have the right to see a doctor for treatment or referral if they are injured or suffer adverse symptoms as a result of an incident of violence September 2002 Participant Guide

45 Complying with Regulations and Standards Self Test 2-2 Answers 1. The five fundamental principles are: Safety of road users and workers is a high priority in all road construction or maintenance Traffic should be restricted as little as possible Motorists should be guided in a clear and positive manner Traffic control devices should be inspected to ensure they are operating properly Roadside safety requires constant attention during the life of a work zone 2. Definitions: Roadway Highway Street Freeway Low volume roadway High volume roadway Short duration work Downstream Upstream The portion of a street or highway that is ordinarily used for vehicular traffic but does not include the shoulder A roadway or roadways typically in a higher speed zone carrying inter-regional traffic A local road A highway with a continuous dividing median and a speed limit of 80km/h or greater A low volume road carries less than 1,000 vehicles per day A high volume road carries 1,000 or more vehicles per day Work which requires a separated work area for not more than on daytime shift The direction towards which traffic flows The direction from which traffic flows Participant Guide September

46 Traffic Control Person Training 3. The sign number for each sign is: Stop/slow paddle C-27 Construction ahead C-19 Crew working ahead C-4 TCP ahead C-28 Single lane traffic C The three steps for stopping traffic are Stand on the shoulder of the road holding the paddle in your right hand, wait until the first car stops, then move to the centre line and hold the paddle in your left hand Stand where you can see and be seen Stand 25-75m from the work zone 5. The two steps for slowing traffic are: Extend the traffic control paddle towards the lane of oncoming traffic Wave traffic forward with the other hand to prevent it from coming to a full stop Self Test 2-3 Answers 1. b. Pedestrians, bicycles and motor vehicles 2. a. As soon as the work is completed 3. b. Cover or remove permanent signs 4. d. Motor Vehicle Act, Division c. Traffic control supervisors and TCPs 2-20 September 2002 Participant Guide

47 Unit 3 Using Traffic Control Equipment

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49 Using Traffic Control Equipment About This Unit It is important to become familiar with the equipment you will use on the job that includes personal protective equipment (PPE) and traffic control equipment. This unit covers both types of equipment and refers you to the MoT standards and WCB regulations with which you must comply. The topics covered in this unit include Using PPE Using Traffic Control Equipment Performance Objectives When you have successfully completed this unit you will be able to: Describe specific safety standards with which personal protective equipment must comply Identify personal protective equipment Identify traffic control equipment Describe the maintenance of traffic control equipment and devices Comply with specific requirements located in Parts 8 and 18 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation Resources You will need to refer to the following resources: Part 8 and Part 18, Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways, Office Edition, Ministry of Transportation Participant Guide September

50 Traffic Control Person Training Using Personal Protective Equipment The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) on the job is required by the regulations of the Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia and must meet their cited safety standards. It is your responsibility to wear appropriate clothing on the job that will provide you with general protection and comfort. For most worksites, long pants and a shirt with sleeves will provide adequate protection. Always wear proper attire, not clothing which will distract motorists. In addition to dressing for the weather, you are always required to wear the following safety equipment (Figure 3-1): Safety footwear Safety headgear Retroreflective vest Retroreflective wrist bands Figure 3-1 Personal Protective Equipment You may also be required to wear hearing, eye or respiratory protection depending on the worksite conditions. 3-2 September 2002 Participant Guide

51 Using Traffic Control Equipment Workers are required to provide the following personnel protective equipment: Clothing required for protection against natural elements Safety footwear and general purpose work gloves Safety headgear Note that this section of the Occupational Safety and Health Regulation does not alter or preclude any existing or future agreement between workers and an employer to the effect that the employers will provide this equipment at no cost or some cost to employees. Employers are responsible for providing all other items of personal protective equipment required by the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation at no cost to workers. If the PPE provided by the employer causes allergenic or other adverse health effects, the employer must provide alternate equipment. Safety Footwear Your feet deserve as much consideration as your eyes, ears and hands. Because your feet are always subjected to potential hazards at the work zone, safety toed footwear with ankle support conforming to the CSA Standard CAN/CSA-Z195-M92 must be worn. No other footwear should be worn and this includes running shoes. If there is a hazard of hot material falling into your footwear you should always wear long pants with the cuffs outside of your footwear. Safety Headgear While directing traffic TCPs are required to wear approved safety headgear that meets or exceeds the WCB approved headgear standards. It is not advisable to write on, paint or decorate your headgear with stickers or other items as glues and paints may deteriorate the plastic and detract from the warning colour. In cold weather, you can use an insert in your headgear to keep warm. Choose headgear that fits you properly and comfortably. Participant Guide September

52 Traffic Control Person Training Retroreflective Vest A retroreflective vest makes you much more visible. The vest must be fluorescent orange with at least one horizontal retroreflective stripe around the waist. Your vest must meet or exceed WCB approved standard for high visibility garments. All vests will have two vertical retroreflective stripes on each side of the front and an X on the back. For situations where visibility is extremely poor, a battery-powered flashing-light vest can be worn for additional safety. Wrist Bands and Ankle Cuffs In addition, you are required to wear 5-cm wide retroreflective wrist bands that meet or exceed the WCB standard. Retroreflective ankle cuffs are not required but are recommended to provide additional safety when visibility is poor. Ear Protection High noise levels can impair your ability to hear. For example, the noise from loaders and other construction machinery can damage your hearing permanently. High noise levels can also make you irritable, tired and decrease your ability to stay alert and concentrate. Choose a style of ear protection that you can wear comfortably that meets or exceeds recognized standards. For example, earplugs may be more comfortable in hot weather than earmuffs. Earplugs should be pliable, fit each ear tightly and be disposable or easy to keep clean. In high noise situations, you may have to wear both earplugs and earmuffs for adequate protection. It is your employer s responsibility to supply you with hearing protection. Audiometric hearing tests are the responsibility of the employer. According to the regulations of the Workers Compensation Board, you must have annual tests if you work in an area that has loud noise. 3-4 September 2002 Participant Guide

53 Using Traffic Control Equipment Eye Protection You should wear shatterproof CSA-approved safety glasses to protect your eyes in areas where there is the danger of flying objects and in areas where there are excessive dust levels. Excessive dust concentrations can also make contact lenses a hazard for the wearer. Regular prescription glasses or sunglasses will not provide adequate protection. Choose a style and type of eye protection that is comfortable and applicable to the type of worksite in which you work. Respiratory Protection You may find yourself on a worksite where there is an unacceptable level of contamination from dust, fumes or other pollutants. You should take adequate measures to protect yourself from inhaling hazardous materials by wearing respiratory protection. It is your employer s responsibility to provide this equipment. A tight face seal usually requires a clean-shaven face. In areas where there is a high dust level such as on a dusty road, you should wear an approved particle mask for protection. If the dust levels are extreme, you may need to wear a respirator rather than a particle mask. You may also advise your traffic control supervisor that water is needed to wet down the road for improved visibility. If there is a danger from fumes or chemical pollution (such as near an asphalt burner) you must wear a cartridge-style mask. It is important that the correct cartridge is installed to protect you from the particular hazard. A particle mask is not adequate protection from fumes or chemicals. If you are unsure about the protection that you require for the work situation, you should consult with your traffic control supervisor or employer. Participant Guide September

54 Traffic Control Person Training Maintaining your PPE Your equipment will only be effective and useful if you take care of it and keep it in good condition. You should observe the following practices: Keep your footwear waterproofed and clean to prevent deterioration of the leather. Keep your earplugs clean and store them in their protective case when you re not using them. Replace them if they are disposable or if they become damaged. Keep your earmuffs clean and free from damage. Store protective eyeglasses in a case to prevent damage when you are not using them. Keep them clean at all times. Store retroreflective vests and accessories carefully when they are not in use. Check them before use for cleanliness and damage or missing retroreflective stripes. Also check the batteries of flashing type vests. Keep your headgear clean and check it for damage. Also check the expiry date of your headgear and replace it when required. Check your headgear regularly by flexing it to see if it has become brittle from exposure to the sun and other weather conditions. Check the suspension inside your headgear and replace it annually or sooner if there is evidence of damage or extreme wear. Other Personal Equipment Conditions on a job site can change quickly during a shift. It may be sunny in the morning and raining by the afternoon. You may need sunscreen, insect repellent or more liquids to stay alert and comfortable. It s a challenge being prepared for all of these situations, but you will find you are more comfortable and less likely to be distracted if you maintain a kit containing the following items: 3-6 September 2002 Participant Guide

55 Using Traffic Control Equipment Water bottle Lip balm Insect repellent Sunscreen Band-Aids and antiseptic cream Sunglasses Raingear Spare socks and gloves Washcloth Chin strap for safety headgear Whistle Air horn Pen and notebook Masking tape! Read Part 8, Occupational Health and Safety Regulation. As you review this section, pay particular attention to the following sections: Responsibility to provide Worker s responsibilities Personal clothing and accessories Safety headgear Safety eyewear Footwear High visibility apparel Now complete Self Test 3-1 and check your answers. Participant Guide September

56 Traffic Control Person Training Self Test List four items of personal protective equipment that are mandatory for TCPs, and one item that is recommended. Answer 2. Describe the type of footwear that must be worn on a traffic control worksite. Answer 3. Describe three practices for maintaining your safety headgear in good condition. Answer 4. List four features of retroreflective vests that make TCPs highly visible. Answer 5. Who is responsible for providing TCPs with hearing protection? Answer 3-8 September 2002 Participant Guide

57 Using Traffic Control Equipment 6. When do TCPs require eye protection? Answer 7. List at least ten items of personal equipment that TCPs should carry in a kit to help them stay alert and comfortable. Answer 8. When do TCPs require respiratory protection? Answer 9. When is hearing protection required by TCPs? Answer 10. List the specifications that retroreflective vests must meet or exceed for traffic control. Answer Check your answers with the correct ones at the end of this unit. If some of your answers were incorrect, take time to review this section. You can also discuss them with your instructor during class. Participant Guide September

58 Traffic Control Person Training Using Traffic Control Devices Traffic control equipment is used to regulate, warn and guide motorists and pedestrians. Traffic control can be achieved by the use of permanently installed devices. In work zones, traffic control is achieved by the use of temporary equipment and TCPs. Personal Traffic Control Equipment TCPs use the following equipment in their hands to direct traffic: Traffic control paddles Flashlights with red signaling wands (night use and in poor visibility) Communication devices Recording materials Paddles and flashlights The most important items that you have are the traffic control paddle and the flashlight with a red signaling wand attachment. These are the tools that you will use to direct traffic. The other equipment is used to communicate with other TCPs or to record traffic control incidents.! Read Part 18, Occupational Health and Safety Regulation. Review these sections in particular: Part to Equipment for traffic control persons 3-10 September 2002 Participant Guide

59 Using Traffic Control Equipment Communication devices In addition to the paddle, you should have some form of audible communication such as a whistle that gets the attention of a machine operator or motorist who may not see you or may not be paying attention to you. You may also require a two-way radio to communicate with other TCPs if you cannot see them from your position. Recording materials Other important items include at least one pen or pencil and a small book like a diary or notebook that you can use to record important information, such as the license number of a vehicle that did not obey your signals. Maintaining Personal Control Equipment Keep your traffic control equipment in good repair and top working condition. Before beginning your shift you should inspect your equipment for the following: Check your traffic control paddle to make sure that it is clean and undamaged Test the flashlight for operation and replace the batteries if necessary (always carry spare batteries for your flashlight) Check the signaling wand for damage and replace it if necessary Check to make sure that the audible device works, whether it is a whistle or a radio (always carry spare batteries for the radio) Make sure that you have a book or paper to write on and that your pens or pencils function Occasionally you may find yourself in a position where you cannot easily access your book and pencil to make note of incidents where you should record a license number or vehicle type. To make this process easier, you can attach a strip of masking tape to the handle of your paddle so that you can make a temporary note on it in a hurry and then transfer it to paper when you have time. Participant Guide September

60 Traffic Control Person Training Traffic Control Equipment Work zone traffic control equipment may include: Signs Channelizing devices Lighting devices Buffer and shadow vehicles High level warning devices The equipment may be used in any combination to achieve the desired control of traffic provided they meet the standards given in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways. Signs Signs may be permanent ones that are already in place or temporary signs used for specific control situations. All signs used must be reflectorized or illuminated to ensure visibility. Regulatory signs A regulatory sign is a type of traffic sign that advises motorists or pedestrians that certain actions are required of them. It is an offence of the Motor Vehicle Act to disregard a regulatory sign. Warning signs A warning sign is a type of traffic sign that warns motorists that conditions on or adjacent to a highway are potentially hazardous to pedestrians or to vehicular traffic. Flags Red or orange flags must be securely attached to all signs warning of workers on the road when posted speeds are 70 km/h or higher. The Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways recommends that flags be used in all traffic control setups because they provide additional protection to workers and TCPs.! Read section 2.1 in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways, Office Edition September 2002 Participant Guide

61 Using Traffic Control Equipment Channelizing devices Channelizing devices are used to guide motorists and pedestrians safely away from, around, or though the work zone. They may also be used to separate traffic travelling in opposite directions. Channelizing devices include: Flexible drums Cones and tubular markers Temporary delineator posts Barricades Barriers Lighting devices Warning lighting devices draw attention to traffic control devices and work vehicles. Lighting devices include: Flashing yellow warning lights and flashing vehicle lights Steady burn warning lights Flashing arrow boards Floodlights Buffer and shadow vehicles Buffer vehicles equipped with the appropriate warning devices can be used as protection for workers. Shadow vehicles, with an appropriate sign on the rear, are used as advanced warning devices in moving operations. High level warning devices These devices are used mostly in areas where the normal advance warning distances are not available or where regularly mounted temporary signs might be concealed by parked vehicles.! Read section 2.2 in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways, Office Edition. Participant Guide September

62 Traffic Control Person Training Maintaining Traffic Control Devices Traffic control devices must be constantly checked and maintained to provide good visibility and perform the function that they are designed to do in the control of traffic. Before placing any traffic control device, check it carefully for damage and condition. Avoid the use of any faded or marred retroreflective surface. Replace any traffic control devices that are damaged. Examine flashing lights and rotating lights for operation and brightness. The work zone traffic control supervisor or designate should ensure that the control devices are inspected at regular intervals for continued relevance and to make sure that they have not been hit, displaced, damaged, are becoming worn or are deteriorating in any way. This includes checking flashing lights and rotating beacons for operation and brightness. The inspection interval should be frequent enough that the safety of the work zone is maintained. When the job is completed and the control devices are collected for storage, make sure that they are in good condition. By doing so, you ensure that when they are needed again they will be in good repair and will not require repair or replacement before they can be reused. Now complete Self Test 3-2 and check your answers September 2002 Participant Guide

63 Using Traffic Control Equipment Self Test List four types of equipment with which TCPs must be provided and use for daytime operations. Answer 2. What equipment must be used for poor visibility operations in addition to the items used for daytime operations? Answer 3. List five steps for maintaining personal traffic control equipment. Answer 4. The normal colour combination for temporary warning signs is: Answer Participant Guide September

64 Traffic Control Person Training 5. Briefly explain the function of regulatory signs. Answer 6. Explain how delineators are used to control traffic. Answer 7. Describe how Type III barricades are used to control traffic. Answer 8. What is the preferred display for a high level warning device? Answer Check your answers with the correct ones at the end of this unit. If some of your answers were incorrect, take time to review this section. You can also discuss them with your instructor during class September 2002 Participant Guide

65 Using Traffic Control Equipment Self Test Answers Self Test 3-1 Answers 1. Five items of PPE that are recommended for TCPs are: Safety footwear Safety headgear Retroreflective vest Retroreflective wrist bands Retroreflective ankle cuffs mandatory mandatory mandatory mandatory recommended 2. Footwear must have safety toes, ankle support and conform to CSA Standard CAN/CSA-Z195-M Three practices for maintaining safety headgear in good condition include: Keep your headgear clean and check it for damage. Also check the expiry date of your headgear and replace it when required. Check your headgear regularly by flexing it to see if it has become brittle from exposure to the sun and other weather conditions Check the suspension inside your headgear and replace it annually or sooner if there is evidence of damage or extreme wear 4. Four features of retroreflective vests that make TCPs highly visible: Bright colour (fluorescent orange) One horizontal retroreflective stripe around the waist Two vertical retroreflective stripes on each side of the front X on the back Participant Guide September

66 Traffic Control Person Training 5. Employers are responsible for providing TCPs with hearing protection. 6. TCPs require eye protection in areas where there are flying objects or excessive dust levels. 7. Personal items that TCPs should carry in their backpacks include: Sunscreen Water bottle Insect repellent Washcloth Raingear Masking tape Pen and paper Extra clothing Band-Aids & antiseptic cream Sunglasses Whistle Air horn Chin strap for headgear Lip balm 8. Respiratory protection is required in areas where there are excessive levels of dust, fumes or other pollutants. 9. Hearing protection is required when the noise level is high. 10. The specifications for retroreflective vests include: Fluorescent orange colour At least one horizontal retroreflective stripe around the waist Must meet or exceed WCB standards Self Test 3-2 Answers 1. TCPs must be provided with and use the following equipment for daytime operations, as per Occupational Safety and Health Regulation 18.10: A traffic control paddle and a non-conductive support staff for the paddle High visibility apparel 3-18 September 2002 Participant Guide

67 Using Traffic Control Equipment Safety headgear An effective means of communication when TCPs are not visible to each other 2. In addition to the equipment for daytime operations, TCPs must use a flashlight with a red signaling baton and spare batteries for poor visibility operations 3. Five steps for maintaining personal traffic control equipment: Check to make sure that the audible device works, whether it is a whistle or a radio (always carry spare batteries for the radio) Test the flashlight for operation and replace the batteries if necessary (always carry spare batteries for your flashlight) Check signaling wand for damage and replace it if necessary Make sure that you have a book or paper to write on and that your pens or pencils function Check your traffic control paddle to make sure that it is clean and undamaged 4. Black on orange 5. Regulatory signs are used to guide motorists, pedestrians or cyclists and must be obeyed. 6. Delineators are used to channelize traffic. 7. Type III barricades are normally used for permanent and long duration road closures. 8. The preferred display for a high level warning device is three to five fluorescent red or orange paddles or flags. Participant Guide September

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69 Unit 4 Setting Up Work Zones

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71 Setting up Work Zones About This Unit Many factors are considered when a work zone is planned and set up. For instance, duration of the work, road configuration, volume of traffic, site requirements and environmental issues must all be reviewed while preparing the plan. During the setup, all the traffic control devices must be placed accurately to ensure they will protect workers and motorists as well as meet all safety requirements. On most projects, the planning and setup of the work zone is handled by a traffic control supervisor rather than a TCP. However, TCPs may assist in setting up the traffic control devices and they are responsible for checking them as the work progresses to ensure they remain correctly placed. In order to check and adjust the traffic control devices, you must be able to recognize parts of the work zone and locate and check work zone layouts. The topics in this unit will provide you with the knowledge you need to do this properly. The topics covered in this unit include: Parts of the Work Zone Work Zone Layouts Setting Up Work Zones Participant Guide September

72 Traffic Control Person Training Performance Objectives When you have successfully completed this unit you will be able to: Describe the different areas in work zones Describe the purpose of each area List factors which will affect the choice of a work zone layout Locate standards in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways that describe the requirements for placing traffic control equipment in work zones Describe procedures for setting up, maintaining and removing a work zone Describe when a TCP is required to control traffic through a work zone by referring to Part 18, Section 18.5 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation Resources You will need to refer to the following resources: Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways, Office Edition, Ministry of Transportation Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, Workers Compensation Board of British Columbia 4-2 September 2002 Participant Guide

73 Setting Up Work Zones Parts of a Work Zone When traffic is affected by construction, maintenance, utility, or similar operations, traffic control is needed to safely guide road users and to protect workers in a work zone. The work zone is the area between the first advance warning sign and a point beyond the work area where traffic is no longer affected. Most work zones (Figure 4-1) can be divided into the following parts: Advance warning area Transition area Buffer space Work area Termination area If no lane or shoulder closure is involved, the transition area will not be used. Each of the parts will be examined for one direction of travel. If the work activity affects more than one direction of travel, the same principles apply to traffic in both directions. Figure 4-1 Areas in a traffic control zone Participant Guide September

74 Traffic Control Person Training Advance Warning Area The advance warning area is necessary so that motorists know what to expect before they reach the work zone. This provides enough time for them to adjust their driving patterns if necessary in response to the warning signs. The length of the advance warning area must be planned with consideration of the speed of the vehicles and the location. It could be as simple as one sign, a flashing light on a vehicle, or a series of signs up to two km from the work area. Advance warning areas are not required if the work zone is completely off the road shoulder and does not interfere with traffic. Transition Area A transition area is used when work is being performed within one or more of the lanes that are normally used by traffic. The transition area contains the tapers necessary to close off the lane or lanes in which the work is being performed. Cones or markers are usually used to mark tapers and guide motorists into the next lane. The transition area should be obvious to the motorists. It must be clearly marked so that they do not make a mistake and try to follow the old path. In long duration work, pavement markings may have to be removed and replaced with new markings or pavement marking arrows if the existing markings cause confusion. If the work area is constantly moving, then the transition area must also move. A shadow vehicle with a sign, warning lights or a flashing arrow board may be used to guide traffic into the proper lane. Tapers are used to indicate to the motorist the path they should follow to move out of their normal lane. They may also be used to guide traffic back into its normal lane beyond the work area. 4-4 September 2002 Participant Guide

75 Setting Up Work Zones Buffer Space The buffer space is between the transition area and the work area. If distance permits, you should always include a buffer space, even though it may not appear that it is necessary. If the work area is moving, then the buffer space will be the area between the shadow vehicle and the work area. A buffer space provides a safe area for both workers and motorists. It must be kept clear of equipment, workers, materials and vehicles. If the motorist fails to respond to the advance warnings and does not manage to negotiate the transition area, the buffer space provides a place to regain control or stop before reaching the work area. If two opposing lanes of traffic are redirected so that one lane of traffic must move into a lane normally used by the other traffic, a buffer space can separate the two tapers to prevent head-on collisions. Work Area The work area is that portion of the roadway or shoulder that contains the work activity and is closed to vehicle traffic and pedestrians. The work area may remain in one place or move, depending on the type of job. A static work area is delineated by devices such as barriers, barricades, cones, delineators or other devices to exclude public traffic. Work areas tend to become more hazardous in proportion to: How close the work area is to the normally travelled lanes How much traffic passes by How fast the traffic is going How complex the operations are in terms of equipment movement and road conditions How far from the normal path the traffic must be diverted Participant Guide September

76 Traffic Control Person Training To eliminate as many hazards as possible, the work area should be clearly delineated. In addition, devices can be placed to effectively allow safe entry and exit for work vehicles and still keep traffic out of the work area. Work vehicles should have operating flashing warning lights. Termination Area The termination area provides a short distance beyond the work area for the traffic to return to its normal lane or lanes. If the termination area requires that traffic be shifted out of opposing lanes, then a lane closure taper is included to safely channel traffic back where it belongs. Make sure that there are no misleading gaps in the traffic control areas that make the motorist think that they have cleared the work zone. Now complete Self Test 4-1 and check your answers. 4-6 September 2002 Participant Guide

77 Setting Up Work Zones Self Test List the five parts of a work zone and write a brief description of each of them. Answer 2. Describe the purpose of the advance warning area. Answer 3. Describe the purpose of the transition area. Answer 4. Describe how tapers are used in a work area. What equipment is used to mark the tapers? Answer Participant Guide September

78 Traffic Control Person Training 5. Describe the function of a buffer space. Answer 6. List three factors that make work areas hazardous. Answer 7. Describe the function of a termination area. Answer 8. Describe how work vehicles that are close to the travelled lanes should be marked. Answer Check your answers with the correct ones at the end of this unit. If some of your answers were incorrect, take time to review this section. You can also discuss them with your instructor during class. 4-8 September 2002 Participant Guide

79 Setting Up Work Zones Work Zone Layouts The layout of a work zone is planned by traffic control supervisors or project managers prior to the work starting. They consider many factors when they select the layout. For instance, they review the duration of the project, road configuration, speed limit, volume of traffic, worksite conditions and environmental conditions. Then they refer to typical work zone layouts given in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways and select a layout that most closely resembles their project. In some cases, the typical layouts in the manual do not match their project and they must modify one. It is useful for TCPs to be familiar with this planning process and the factors that are considered in selecting a layout because it will help you to set up, check and adjust the traffic control zone as the work progresses. Although the traffic control supervisor is responsible for setting up and removing traffic control equipment, this responsibility may be delegated to experienced TCPs. The following section provides a brief description of the planning process and the main factors that are considered in selecting a work zone layout that include: Duration or type of project Road configurations Traffic variations Environmental conditions Worksite variations Participant Guide September

80 Traffic Control Person Training Duration or Type of Project The first factor that is considered in selecting a work zone layout is the duration or type of project. The Traffic Control Manual groups typical work zone layouts as short duration, long duration and freeways. Short duration Short duration work is that which occurs for a period of up to one daytime shift. The layouts in this section of the Traffic Control Manual cover various road configurations. They refer to Table A at the end of the section which gives taper length, distance between cones or tubular markers, tangent distance between tapers and distance between signs for various speed limits.! Review section 3.0 in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways, Office Edition. Locate Figure 3.4.1, Lane Closure with TCPs, Two-lane Two-way Roadway, in Chapter 3 of the Traffic Control Manual. Find the various parts of a traffic control zone in the figure. Note the traffic control equipment that is used in each part of the work zone. Refer to Table A Short Duration Work for information about placement distances for traffic control devices as you examine each work zone layout. This work zone setup is one that is frequently used for many projects. It is important that you become familiar with it quickly. In the field exercise part of this course, you will practice controlling traffic through this type of work zone. Long duration Long duration work occurs over more than one daytime shift and includes most work at night. The requirements for establishing a traffic control zone for long duration work differ from short duration setup. The typical layouts given in the Traffic Control Manual also refers to Table A, which gives similar information to Table A in the short duration section September 2002 Participant Guide

81 Setting Up Work Zones! Review section 4.0 in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways, Office Edition. Refer to Table A Long Duration Work for information about placement distances for traffic control devices as you examine each work zone layout. Freeways Freeway work differs from other highway work because of the design of the roadway and the higher speed of traffic. Because of these differences, the requirements for a traffic control zone are also different and usually involve lane closures.! Review section 5.0 in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways, Office Edition. Refer to Table B Freeways for information about placement distances for traffic control devices as you examine each work zone layout Road Configurations Another factor to be considered in selecting a work zone layout is the road configuration in the area to be constructed or repaired. Road configurations will differ depending on location, design and traffic speeds. The main configurations are: Two-lane, two-way roads Multi-lane roads Two-lane, two-way roads may be high or low volume, with or without a centre line. Multi-lane roads (including freeways) can have two or more lanes in each direction. Freeways have the advantage of being physically divided roadways, sometimes with considerable distance between opposing lanes of traffic. While this may simplify the establishment of traffic control to only one direction, it may complicate it due to higher speeds and volume. Participant Guide September

82 Traffic Control Person Training A basic road configuration can be changed by the presence of such complications as: Railway crossings Driveways Tunnels through which the road travels Interchanges with on and off ramps Intersections that are controlled and uncontrolled Alleys The presence of any of these factors may change the layout of the work zone. Intersections may be controlled by traffic lights or signs. They may also be uncontrolled, affecting the positioning of the devices in relation to the work zone. Roadways with intersections may require the detouring of traffic and pedestrians, the changing of zone area lengths and the establishment of different types of buffer areas. Traffic Variations Traffic variations will also affect the work zone layout. These variations in traffic include: Volume Speed Type of traffic Another factor that is considered in selecting the work zone layout is how the work zone will affect public traffic and the measures that must be taken to prevent hazardous situations from occurring. A restriction on the road in high-density traffic will tend to cause a backup. The layout should keep blockages to a minimum and provide the driver with more time to make decisions, since the number of vehicles may create problems in lane changes or other manoeuvres. High-speed traffic requires more response time and must be allowed longer transition distances. The type of traffic will also determine how the areas in the work zone will be established. The traffic control supervisor may have to study the traffic to determine if it is mostly commercial, private or mixed September 2002 Participant Guide

83 Setting Up Work Zones The development of the land surrounding the area where the work is to be done can affect the type of traffic. Residential traffic will normally consist of private vehicles, while industrial areas may have a predominance of heavy vehicles. Environmental Conditions Environmental conditions often cause adjustments to the layout of a work zone and need to be considered as topics for tailgate meetings. These environmental conditions include: Rain Ice or snow Fog or clouds Bright sunlight Dust Time of day The visibility and control that a driver normally has will be affected by all of these factors. Changes in weather and light conditions can drastically alter the ability of drivers to see warning signs or a TCP. The time of day will affect visibility as well and can also have an affect on a driver's ability to react, particularly if they have been on the road for a time or have been jammed in rush hour traffic. Make sure you discuss adjustments to the work zone with your traffic control supervisor in the tailgate safety meeting if traffic control may be affected by any of these conditions. Worksite Variations Worksites can vary greatly, for instance they may be on hills or curved roads rather than straight roads. The worksite can also be intermittently or constantly moving rather than stationary. These variations will also affect the work zone setup. Site assessment with regard to variations must be included as part of the tailgate meetings. Participant Guide September

84 Traffic Control Person Training Road alignment will affect the placement of traffic control devices and the physical location of TCPs. Road alignments include: Straight roads Curved roads Hills Intersections Bridges You may also find a combination of any of the above factors that can affect work zone setup. Since visibility is the main concern, traffic control devices will have to be situated so that the motorist has sufficient time to react. Positioning a TCP is also important for visibility. If the work zone will be situated in one spot for the duration of the job, the methods that are used to establish the control areas will be different than if the zone will be moving. If the work zone will be in place for an extended period of time, rather than for a short time period, the selection and positioning of the traffic control devices will reflect those requirements. Work zones on bridges can be hazardous to workers and TCPs because motorists may not see the advance warning signs. There is little or no room to escape if motorists drive into the work zone. Consequently, TCPs should not be positioned on the bridge if possible. Frequently the number of signs used is doubled to warn motorists in order to avoid mishaps. Obviously, you cannot expect to use stationary traffic control requirements for a constantly moving work zone, such as sweeping, line painting or grass cutting. A work zone may also move intermittently. This situation requires some stationary traffic control devices, as shown in the Traffic Control Manual, Figure Changes in the worksite should be observed carefully after the zone has been established and during operation. It is important to determine if the way the work zone has been set up is correct. If traffic is flowing relatively freely and there is minimal interference between the work area and the traffic, then the setup is successful September 2002 Participant Guide

85 Setting Up Work Zones Make sure you discuss any worksite variations and how they will affect the work zone layout and traffic control procedures with your traffic control supervisor during tailgate meetings. TCPs Required TCPs are not required in all work zone layouts. Traffic at many work zones can be controlled solely by traffic control devices.! Read Part 18.5 Occupational Health and Safety Regulation to learn when a TCP is required to control traffic. Work Zones with Specific Requirements Some work zones that occur less frequently but have specific requirements for traffic control include: Ferry terminals Parking lots Special events Traffic flow requirements in these situations will depend more on the skill of the TCP than the use of traffic control devices. Discuss the setup and traffic control procedures for these work zones with your traffic control supervisor in the tailgate meeting. Now complete Self Test 4-2 and check your answers. Participant Guide September

86 Traffic Control Person Training Self Test List the five main factors that are considered in selecting a work zone layout for a project. Answer 2. Use the work zone setup Lane Closure with TCPs, Two-lane, Two-way Roadway, in Chapter 3 of the Traffic Control Manual to answer the following questions. What sign is used in the advance warning area? Answer What sign is used in the transition area? Answer What sign is used in the buffer space? Answer What is the distance between the TCPs and the tapers? Answer 3. Locate Table A at the end of Chapter 3 of the Traffic Control Manual. Assume that you are planning to set up a work zone using Figure and the speed limit is 50 km/h. Answer the following questions: 4-16 September 2002 Participant Guide

87 Setting Up Work Zones What is the required taper length for lane closures when the speed limit is 50 km/h? Answer What is the required distance between construction signs when you set up a work zone on a roadway with a speed limit of 50 km/h? Answer 4. Identify two road configurations that are considered when selecting a work zone layout for a project. Answer 5. Name at least three complications to basic road configurations that must be identified and considered when selecting a work zone layout. Answer 6. In a setup where the right lane is closed on a multi-lane road, what is the recommended distance between construction signs if the regulatory speed limit is 80 km/h? Answer 7. If slow moving work is being done on the shoulder of a freeway, what should be used to warn motorists? Answer Participant Guide September

88 Traffic Control Person Training 8. List three traffic variations which can impact the selection of work zone layouts: Answer 9. Why are environmental conditions considered when selecting and setting up the layout of a work zone? Answer 10. Four types of road alignments include: Answer 11. How can time of day affect motorists reactions to the work zone? Why is it a consideration when selecting or adjusting the work zone layout? Answer Check your answers with the correct ones at the end of this unit. If some of your answers were incorrect, take time to review this section. You can also discuss them with your instructor during class September 2002 Participant Guide

89 Setting Up Work Zones Setting Up a Work Zone TCPs frequently set up or assist with the setup of a work zone. The first step is to review the traffic plan or work zone layout that has been prepared for the project. The work zone layout will show the number and placement of traffic devices that are required. You can check the distance between the devices and other measurements in Table A or B of the Traffic Control Manual. Traffic Control Device Requirements Before the scheduled start of work, designated representatives of the road authority and, as applicable, the contractor or the utility should check the availability of all traffic control devices, pavement marking material and channelizing devices that are to be used. All devices must be: Standard in size, shape, colour and message Clean and in good condition Reflectorized for night use If a particular device does not meet all of the above requirements it should be replaced with one that does. Additional devices should be available to replace any that are likely to be damaged while the work is in progress. On construction, the designated representatives of the road authority and, as applicable the contractor or utility, should be in agreement that all traffic control devices are satisfactory before they are placed on the roadway. Reflectorized devices need extra care when handling and transporting to ensure that the reflectorizing elements are not damaged. Participant Guide September

90 Traffic Control Person Training In-place permanent traffic signs that do not apply during construction, maintenance or utility work should be removed or have the faces completely covered with opaque materials. If you use non-opaque materials, the messages can be seen at night because headlights let the reflectorized messages show through. Temporary signs that are installed in anticipation of a traffic pattern change should be covered until required. As many maintenance, utility, and emergency operations require the same devices for each job, vehicles should be equipped with an adequate supply of commonly used temporary devices. Selection and Installation of Control Devices Signs and other traffic control devices as shown in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways shall be used. Drivers are familiar with these signs and know how to react to them whereas non-standard devices may be confusing. All signs should be professionally made as home-made signs are usually non-standard and do not command a driver s respect. When choosing signs and other traffic control devices, the following should be considered: Choose signs that are appropriate and that accurately describe the work situation Choose signs with messages clearly indicating the actions drivers are required to take Use the larger of the two standard signs where greater emphasis is required (such as for areas of higher speed) as required by the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways Start with general sign messages at the beginning of the work zone, then use signs with more specific messages (stating what action should be taken) closer to the actual work area The overall effect of signs and other devices should be to make drivers aware of what they are approaching and what actions will be required of them 4-20 September 2002 Participant Guide

91 Setting Up Work Zones Placement and spacing TCPs frequently set up or assist with the setup of traffic control devices. If you are involved in this task, make sure you follow the requirements noted in the traffic control plan. If you are uncertain about them check your Field Edition of the Traffic Control Manual and discuss them with your traffic control supervisor. Recommended minimum advance placement distances for initial signs and distances between subsequent signs and devices in a series are shown in the tables in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways. On urban streets, advance placement distances may have to be shortened due to the length of city blocks. Additional advance warning signs may be required due to the additional intersections created by alleys and accesses. Care should be taken that parked vehicles do not hide signs. All signs should be placed for best visibility. As speed limits increase, so do the advance placement distances. Where cyclists and pedestrians are likely to be present, their need for safe and convenient passage must be considered, in particular when signs and other devices are being installed. On divided roadways and one-way streets (with two or more lanes in the same direction) signs should be placed on both sides of the roadway, if space is available. A sign mounted in the median should be approximately 60 m upstream from the same sign on the shoulder in higher speed zones. Signs should not block the sight lines of traffic entering a roadway from side roads or accesses. If traffic is heavy and backs up into the advance warning area, the advance warning signs or sets of additional warning signs should be placed upstream of the backup. Other considerations when using signs include: Existing signs which do not apply during the work activity must be covered or removed Checks should be made periodically, both night and day, to ensure that signs are properly located to allow adequate driver response time Participant Guide September

92 Traffic Control Person Training Try to view the work zone through the eyes of a motorist driving through it under the worst possible conditions, then adjust the setup to make signs clearly visible with workers as well as TCPs protected Sign supports Signs may be attached to posts or to portable supports. Most signs should be post-mounted on long-term projects. Temporary STOP and YIELD signs should be mounted at approximately the same height and in approximately the same position as for permanent installations. Portable sign supports are more practical for short duration work and for signs that need to be repositioned often. Work zone sign supports should be lightweight, yielding or have the same breakaway features as for permanent installations. Signs and sign stands must not be weighted down with anything other than sandbags, as rocks or similar items can become projectiles. Placement of traffic control devices Traffic control devices should be placed in the order that drivers will encounter them, starting with the sign or traffic control device farthest upstream from the work area and the others successively as the work area is approached. If traffic in both directions will be affected, such as with work in the centre lane of a three-lane roadway, the traffic control devices can be placed in both directions at the same time, starting at each end farthest downstream from the work. On multi-lane roadways, for example, traffic travelling in one direction may have to be moved around a work area by crossing the median into the left lane normally available only to traffic travelling in the opposing direction. Where this has to be done, it is essential that control devices be installed first to ensure that traffic in the opposite direction is confined to its right lane before traffic in the diverted direction is moved over the median September 2002 Participant Guide

93 Setting Up Work Zones When signs or channelizing devices are to be installed and removed several times during the work operation, spots can be painted to mark device locations, so that the installation can be repeated quickly and with proper placement assured. The devices should be stored off the roadway or shoulder and out of sight or transported to another location when not required. Each situation requires the establishment of different distances and sign placement to safely and efficiently control traffic. Examine the situation and refer to the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways to determine the correct placement for signs, cones, delineators, barricades, lights and other traffic control devices. Examine each situation and apply the distances and procedures involved in correctly establishing traffic control zones. Identify each of the required areas in the zone and consider the different conditions that could require the use of different control devices. Remember that although each situation must be considered independently because of particular requirements and conditions, many of the characteristics of each zone will remain constant, particularly the basic requirements established in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways. Always check with your traffic control supervisor for the correct distances for sign placement and for the correct measurements and placement of other control devices if a particular requirement is not covered in the Traffic Control Manual. The best procedure for establishing a safe, functional traffic control zone is your assessment of the situation before the zone is operational, during the operation and after any necessary changes have been made to the setup. Your ability to visualize potential problems and solve them will improve with experience. Inspecting and Maintaining a Traffic Control Zone Once the work zone is installed, it is important that your traffic control supervisor ensures that it functions as intended and that any adjustments resulting from an inspection process are made. Participant Guide September

94 Traffic Control Person Training Maintenance is needed to service the equipment and make corrections that may be required due to changes in conditions or any combination of the following factors: Traffic accidents Devices displaced or damaged by vehicles, construction activities, workers, wind and truck slipstream Weather damage Dead or low flashing light batteries or burned out bulbs Low fuel levels for electrical generators Wear and tear Dirt on devices Vandalism or theft Your traffic control supervisor will have a comprehensive inspection program that will include the following elements: The Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways or a formal traffic control plan for reference A defined inspection procedure A repair and replacement procedure Assurance of adequate inventory of devices for emergency replacement or repair Follow-up procedures to ensure that repairs are made A review to ensure that the public travel path is clearly marked through the entire work zone, both day and night, and particularly at the end of a work day, keeping in mind the possibility of poor weather and light conditions Documentation by the traffic control supervisor of inspections and repairs made 4-24 September 2002 Participant Guide

95 Setting Up Work Zones Personnel designated to carry out inspections will need to make decisions during the inspections and must exercise judgement in establishing appropriate practices. A key element of the inspection program is a procedure that ensures the required maintenance is performed. When corrective action is taken, it should be recorded to complete documentation. Signs and other traffic control devices should be handled carefully and stored with adequate protection to prevent damage and maintain the quality of the device. Signs and devices should be inspected for damage, cleaned and repaired before being stored. A record of device maintenance and replacement should be presented to your traffic control supervisor on completion. Removing the Work Zone As soon as the work is completed and traffic control devices are no longer needed, they should be removed. Any cones and channelizing devices on the travelled roadway should be removed first, followed by the signs. Flashing arrow boards, high level warning devices, traffic control persons and/or flashing vehicle lights should be used in the removal process. It is not acceptable for a TCP to ride on the tailgate or on the outside of a vehicle while it is reversing. On low volume roadways, devices should be removed in the reverse order of installation by first removing those closest to the work area and continuing progressively upstream away from the work area. On high volume roadways (particularly multi-lane) devices may be removed as for low volume or they may be removed with the flow of traffic. You must use a buffer vehicle, which may be equipped with a rear-mounted impact attenuator. Now complete Self Test 4-3 and check your answers. Participant Guide September

96 Traffic Control Person Training Self Test 4-3 Circle the best response to the following questions. 1. The maximum distance between tubular markers for a lane closure on the freeway where traffic speeds are 90 km/h is: a. 10 m b. 20 m c. 30 m d. There is no maximum spacing for the freeway 2. When removing a traffic control zone on a low volume road, you should: a. Do it as quickly as possible b. Remove the signs in any order c. Remove the control devices in the opposite order of installation d. Wait until the volume is reduced 3. When removing traffic control devices after the work is done you should: a. Take them directly to storage b. Leave them in a safe place to be picked up later c. Inspect, repair, clean or replace them before they are stored d. Throw them in the truck and leave them there until you need them again 4-26 September 2002 Participant Guide

97 Setting Up Work Zones 4. What is the first step in establishing a traffic control zone? a. Determine the requirements of the zone b. Place the first warning zone c. Establish the traffic control zone d. Establish the lane closure taper 5. What is the most important consideration in a traffic control zone? a. The placement of the control zone b. The placement of signs c. The organization of the zone d. The safety of the zone 6. In most traffic control setups, the first sign the motorist will see is: a. Lane closure signs b. Crew working ahead or Construction ahead signs c. Arrow boards d. Road closed signs Check your answers with the correct ones at the end of this unit. If some of your answers were incorrect, take time to review this section. You can also discuss them with your instructor during class. Participant Guide September

98 Traffic Control Person Training Self Test Answers Self Test 4-1 Answers 1. The five parts of a work zone include: Advance warning area Transition area Buffer zone Work area Termination area 2. The advanced warning area tells motorists what to expect ahead. 3. The transition area moves traffic out of its normal path. 4. Tapers are used to close off lanes in which work is being performed. They are also used to guide traffic back into its normal lane beyond the cones or markers that are used to mark the tapers. 5. A buffer space provides protection for traffic and workers by giving motorists who fail to respond to the advance warnings a place to regain control of their vehicle or stop before the work zone. 6. Some factors that make work zones hazardous include: How close the work area is to the normally travelled lanes How much traffic passes by How fast the traffic is going How complex the operations are in terms of equipment movement and road conditions How far from the normal path the traffic must be diverted 4-28 September 2002 Participant Guide

99 Setting Up Work Zones 7. The function of a termination area is to let traffic resume its normal path. 8. Work vehicles that are close to the travelled lanes should be made more visible by operating flashing lights to warn motorists. Self Test 4-2 Answers 1. The five main factors that are considered in selecting a work zone layout for a project are: Duration or type of project Road configuration Traffic variations Environmental conditions Worksite variations 2. Using the work zone setup Lane Closure with TCPs, Two-lane, Two-way Roadway: C-4 Crew Working Ahead signs are used in the advance warning area C-24 Single Lane Traffic Ahead signs are used in the transition area C-28 Traffic Control Person Ahead signs are required in the buffer zone The distance between the TCPs and the taper is 25-35m 3. Using Table A in Chapter 3 of the Traffic Control Manual The required taper length for lane closures when the speed limit is 50 km/h is 5m The maximum distance between construction signs in a work zone on a 50 km/h roadway is 40m Participant Guide September

100 Traffic Control Person Training 4. Two main road configurations are: Two-lane, two-way Multi-lane 5. Some complications that affect basic road configurations include the following: Railway crossings Driveways Tunnels through which the road travels Interchanges with on and off ramps Intersections that are controlled and uncontrolled Alleys 6. The distance between construction signs in a multi-lane road with the right lane closed and a regulatory speed of 80 km/h is 100m 7. A flashing arrow in bar mode or a flashing light and four-way flashers should be used to warn motorists when slow moving work is being done on the shoulder of a freeway 8. Three traffic variations that are considered when selecting a work zone layout include: Volume or density of traffic Regulatory speed limit Type of traffic 9. Environmental conditions are considered when selecting and setting up a work zone because they may affect the visibility and control that motorists may normally have. Consequently, adjustments may have to be made to the work zone September 2002 Participant Guide

101 Setting Up Work Zones 10. Four types of road alignments include: Straight roads Curved Hills Intersections 11. Time of day can affect motorists visibility and ability to react to a work zone. Self Test 4-3 Answers 1. a. 10 m 2. c. Remove the control devices in the opposite order of installation 3. c. Inspect, repair, clean or replace them before they are stored 4. a. Determine the requirements of the zone 5. d. The safety of the zone 6. b. Crew working ahead or construction ahead signs Participant Guide September

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103 Unit 5 Basic Traffic Control Skills

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105 Basic Traffic Control Skills About This Unit The control of traffic depends entirely on communication. Your ability to clearly signal your instructions to motorists, workers, pedestrians and equipment operators will determine how effectively and safely you can control the work zone traffic flow. This unit covers the basic communication skills you will need to control traffic. It also includes a practical exercise that will allow you to practice setting up a work zone and controlling traffic through it. The topics covered in this unit include: Using and Interpreting Signals Controlling Vehicles and Pedestrians Practical Exercise 5-1: Controlling a Two-lane, Two-way Roadway, 50 km/h Practical Skills Evaluation: Controlling a Two-lane, Two-way Roadway, 50 km/h Performance Objectives When you have successfully completed this unit you will be able to: Use audible signals to communicate with motorists and other TCPs Use visual signals to communicate with motorists and other TCPs Position yourself for controlling traffic in an area that provides maximum visibility and a safe escape route Assist in setting up a work zone on a two-lane, two-way roadway that has a speed limit of 50 km/h Participant Guide September

106 Traffic Control Person Training Resources You will need to refer to the following resources: Part 18 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways, Office Edition Using and Interpreting Signals Your job as a TCP requires that you be able to indicate to motorists, workers, equipment operators, pedestrians and other TCPs what they have to do. You must be able to signal quickly and accurately and know that your signals are clear and will not cause confusion. You will have to use different types of signals to provide information. You will use a variety of different devices for signaling. The most important aspect of signaling is that you must first gain the other person's attention. If they are not aware of your signals, they cannot be expected to do what you have indicated. To get the attention of other people you will have to use: Traffic control paddles Whistles Flashlights and signaling wands Hand signals Radios All of these devices used together or separately will allow you to convey your instructions to other people. You should be aware that the sound of a whistle can be difficult to hear if the work zone is very noisy. You will have to use a variety of methods to make sure that people are aware of what you want them to do as a result of your signals. A good method of determining whether or not you have someone's attention is to make eye contact with him or her. You will also know that they are looking at you if they react when you signal them. 5-2 September 2002 Participant Guide

107 Basic Traffic Control Skills Positioning In addition to making sure that you are communicating with people who are watching and paying attention, you must also ensure that you position yourself in an area that provides the maximum visibility and a safe escape route. This positioning is important, particularly in areas where visibility may be limited, such as on curves or hills. You may also find that for safety there should be more than one TCP. It is also a good idea to draw attention to your position by using a cone situated near you. When you start to direct traffic, you should place yourself in a safe position, usually on the shoulder out of the way of vehicles. Display your paddle with the STOP side visible to the first oncoming vehicle. As the vehicle approaches you and the driver acknowledges you by making eye contact, move out onto the travelled part of the road on the driver s side of the traffic that you are controlling. If a TCP cannot be positioned so there will be no interference with other traffic control devices, such as stop signs or a traffic signal, it may be necessary to place covers over stop signs or to flash traffic signals in order to avoid contradictory instructions to drivers. TCPs should be positioned in accordance with the following: Once the first vehicle has stopped, TCPs should stand in a comfortable position that allows them to observe traffic and be seen from all directions, preferably with their feet facing the centre line of the roadway. Stand outside the lane carrying moving traffic. Stand m from the work area, unless otherwise specified in order to provide some manoeuvring room for lane changing. Always face moving traffic, but be aware of what is happening in the stopped lane. Always have your paddle fully extended from your side. Do not hide behind it. Always plan a safe escape route. Participant Guide September

108 Traffic Control Person Training Do not leave your paddle unattended on the roadway. Never stick the paddle into a cone or tubular marker as it may get turned by the wind from vehicles and display the wrong message to motorists and pedestrians. Do not lose eye contact with the driver until the vehicle is completely stopped. Where work is in progress in or adjacent to an intersection, you may have to stand in the middle of the intersection. Stand where you can see and be seen by approaching drivers. Stand where the background will make you as conspicuous as possible. If all of the above are not possible, stand at the most appropriate location to direct traffic through a work area, consistent with WCB regulations If there is no line of sight between two TCPs, and they do not have radio communication, it will be necessary to position a third TCP between them to relay visual signals. Remaining on Duty TCPs must remain at their assigned traffic control stations until they are relieved by another TCP or the traffic control supervisor. This is a OHS requirement (see Section 18.7) and at times it may be awkward or difficult for TCPs to comply with it. Make sure you discuss the procedure and the time intervals for relieve at the tailgate meeting for each shift. Signaling Other TCPs You may have to signal your intentions to another TCP or take instructions from them. When two or more TCPs are working as a team, one should be responsible for traffic co-ordination. That person will then issue the required signals for change of traffic flow. Responsibility for co-ordinating traffic flow can be switched from TCP to TCP throughout the day depending on which one has the best visibility. 5-4 September 2002 Participant Guide

109 Basic Traffic Control Skills! Read Part 18, Occupational Health and Safety Regulation. As you read it, note the following regulations: Traffic control supervisor Traffic control devices Remaining on duty Location of TCPs Precise motions Standard signals between TCPs (see Figure 18-1) Traffic control signals (see Figure 18-2)! Read section 2.3 in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways, Office Edition. As you read it, pay particular attention to these sections: Positioning TCP signals to stop and slow traffic Now complete Self Test 5-1 and check your answers. Participant Guide September

110 Traffic Control Person Training Self Test 5-1 Circle the best response to the following questions. 1. When you are controlling traffic, the best position from which to start is: a. Right in the middle of the traffic area b. Usually on the shoulder of the road c. Only on the centre line of the road d. Where your visibility is maximum 2. Once the first vehicle has stopped you should position yourself: a. Facing traffic with your paddle extended in your right hand b. No more than 50m from work area c. With your toes on the centre line and your back to traffic d. Near the centre line with your toes pointing towards it, where you are visible and can observe traffic from all directions 3. You can tell if you have someone's attention by: a. Blowing a whistle until they move b. Making eye contact with them c. Seeing if they respond when you wave d. Looking for their flashing lights 5-6 September 2002 Participant Guide

111 Basic Traffic Control Skills 4. The recommended distance for traffic control persons' locations from the work area is: a. 5 to 10 m b. 10 to 50 m c. 25 to 75 m d. At least 100 m 5. The best type of signaling device to use between TCPs on curves or hills where visibility is poor is: a. A flag b. Hand signals c. A radio d. Whistles 6. Let s suppose that you have been controlling traffic in your position for 1-½ hours and it will be another ½ hour before you are to be relieved, but you require immediate relief. What should you do? a. Notify the traffic control supervisor of your situation b. Signal another TCP to relieve you c. Signal the nearest worker or equipment operator so they can cover your post for you d. Notify the crew supervisor to send another TCP to relieve you Participant Guide September

112 Traffic Control Person Training 7. Match the hand signals in the illustrations with the instructions they are meant to convey by drawing lines between them. Halt traffic from other direction All clear, allow traffic from other direction to proceed Stop all vehicles Check your answers with the correct ones at the end of this unit. If some of your answers were incorrect, take time to review this section. You can also discuss them with your instructor during class. 5-8 September 2002 Participant Guide

113 Basic Traffic Control Skills Controlling Vehicles and Pedestrians TCPs are present at work zones to control traffic, to provide for safe passage of equipment and workers, and to allow work to proceed as smoothly as possible. To perform these functions, TCPs must be visible to the traffic for a sufficient distance to allow them to signal motorists and get the required response before the traffic enters the work area. For this reason, TCPs are equipped with clothing and traffic control devices that make them stand out from their surroundings. Professional Conduct TCPs should be courteous but firm with motorists, pedestrians and workers. They should also have a sense of responsibility for the safety of the work crew and the general public. To properly direct traffic, TCPs should stand facing the traffic under their control, in a position where they can be easily seen. They should use the standard signals to indicate what actions they want the motorist, pedestrian or equipment operator to perform. Traffic Control Violations You should keep accurate records of incidents while you are controlling traffic so you can provide the information to the police. Record violations of your instructions and note information about the violators. The more information that you have, the easier it will be for police to take care of the problem. Participant Guide September

114 Traffic Control Person Training In order of importance, you should note: License plate number Province or state of origin Make and colour of vehicle Description of the driver Time of day during which it occurred Names and telephone numbers of witnesses It will be easier to record this information if you place a strip of masking tape on the handle of your paddle. Write temporary notes on it, and transfer them to your notebook as a permanent record. Now complete Self Test 5-2 and check your answers September 2002 Participant Guide

115 Basic Traffic Control Skills Self Test Briefly describe the professional conduct expected of TCPs. Answer 2. What is the most important item to record when there is a traffic violation in the work zone? Answer 3. What other items of information should you try to record? Answer Check your answers with the correct ones at the end of this unit. If some of your answers were incorrect, take time to review this section. You can also discuss them with your instructor during class. Participant Guide September

116 Traffic Control Person Training Practical Exercise 5-1: Procedures Controlling a Two-lane, Two-way Roadway, 50 km/h This exercise will give you the opportunity to practice controlling traffic. It will occur as part of the classroom training. You will be asked to assist in setting up a work zone, controlling traffic around it, and removing the work zone. Materials and Equipment The following equipment and materials are required for this exercise: Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways, Office Edition Personal protective equipment Signaling equipment Make sure you have these on hand before you begin. Procedures In the classroom 1. Review the work zone setup with your instructor. 2. Put on your personal equipment. 3. Collect all the traffic control devices you will need such as signs, cones and tubular markers September 2002 Participant Guide

117 Basic Traffic Control Skills In the field 4. Set up a work zone on a two-lane, two-way roadway with a maximum speed limit of 50 km/h according to the standards in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways (Figure Lane Closure with TCPs, Two-lane, Two-way Roadway) Measure distances and set up signs Measure distances and set up cones or tubular markers Locate a safe escape route 5. Control traffic around the work zone, using all safety precautions and following the directions of your instructor. Use visual signals to communicate with motorists and other TCPs including: - Stop and slow using a paddle with or without a staff - Move traffic ahead - Halt traffic from the other direction - Allow traffic to proceed from the other direction As you are practicing these skills, your instructor will make comments and suggestions for improving them. 6. Remove the work zone including all traffic control devices. Participant Guide September

118 Traffic Control Person Training Practical Skills Evaluation Checklist 5-1 Date Location Name Instructor The instructor will check your skills by marking yes or no for each skill and writing any comments that may be useful. To become certified you must demonstrate 100% competence in all skills listed for the evaluation. Skill Yes No Comments Controlling a Two-lane Two-way Roadway, 50 km/h 1. Assisted to set up a work zone on a two-lane, two-way roadway with a speed limit of 50 km/h. Followed standards given in the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways - Figure Measured distances and set up signs Measured distances and set up cones or tubular markers Located a safe exit route 2. Used visual signals to communicate with motorists and other TCPs including: Stop and slow Move ahead Halt traffic from other direction Allow traffic to proceed from other direction 5-14 September 2002 Participant Guide

119 Basic Traffic Control Skills Skill Yes No Comments 3. Used audible signals to communicate with motorists and other TCPs. 4. Positioned self for controlling traffic in an area that provided maximum visibility and a safe escape route. 5. Controlled traffic through the work zone safely and efficiently. 6. Removed signs, starting with ones in the termination area and moving towards the advance warning area Instructor: Indicate your evaluation of the participant by checking the appropriate box below. Ensure that both you and the participant sign this form. Competent Repeat Instructor Signature Participant Signature Participant Guide September

120 Traffic Control Person Training Self Test Answers Self Test 5-1 Answers 1. b. Usually on the shoulder of the road 2. d. Near the centre line with your toes pointing towards it, where you are visible and can observe traffic from all directions 3. b. By making eye contact 4. c. 25 to 75m 5. c. A radio 6. a. Notify your traffic control supervisor of your situation 7. The hand signals that match the illustrations are as follows: Halt traffic from other direction All clear, allow traffic from other direction to proceed Stop all vehicles 5-16 September 2002 Participant Guide