We turn solar power into next generation energy

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1 We turn solar power into next generation energy

2 We turn solar power into next-generation energy Looking for ways to use solar energy creatively? Evonik can show you how it s done. A carport captures sunlight, turning it into new energy for your vehicle. Microstructured lenses boost the efficiency of solar systems. Back sheets protect the active components in solar modules against weathering effects and prevent the electric voltage from impacting the rear of the module. Evonik s raw materials provide an eco-friendly alternative on the path to a more ecologically responsible energy management. And with over 60 years of silicon chemistry experience, we keep developing new processes for producing solar silicon more cost-effectively. With our wealth of ideas and solutions, we help harness the sun s power. We re the creative industrial group from Germany. About us Evonik, the creative industrial group from Germany, is one of the world leaders in specialty chemicals. Its activities focus on the key megatrends health and nutrition, resource efficiency and globalization. In 2013 about 80 percent of the Group s chemicals sales came from activities where it ranks among the market leaders. Evonik benefits specifically from its innovative prowess and integrated technology platforms. Evonik is active in over 100 countries around the world. In fiscal 2013 more than 33,000 employees generated Group sales of 12.9 billion. Market segments we serve c-si photovoltaics Rigid thin-film photovoltaics Materials & Services Flexible thin-film photovoltaics Concentrating photovoltaics (CPV)

3 c-si photovoltaic cell & flexible thin-film PV cell Back sheet Back sheet with barrier Solar cells Solar cell Front glass Front barrier sheet Front Barrier Sheet Front Glass Solar Cell Solar Cells Backsheet with Barrier Our crosslinker TAICROS provides the following advantages: Backsheet c-si photovoltaic cell Flexible thin-film PV cell Products and solutions for photovoltaics Silicon raw materials With decades of experience in silicon chemistry under its belt, Evonik supplies high-purity Siridion chlorosilanes and monosilane for producing solar silicon and photoactive films in thin-film solar modules. Moreover, Evonik keeps developing new processes for producing solar silicon at minimal cost, and thus for generating power from solar energy more cost-effectively. In this way, the company is making an important contribution to grid parity, meaning generating one s own power costs the same as purchasing the power from the grid. of the end product depend on the absolute purity of its key component materials. Siridion is a synonym for Cooperation Because our customers use cutting-edge processes and technologies, we appreciate the importance of both the quality and the availability of raw materials. The Evonik approach is to bridge with the customer s organization and processes so that our expertise and infrastructure can add value to every stage of the supply and logistics chain, all the way to the actual application area for Siridion products. Close cooperation with Evonik accelerates development, optimizes manufacturing, and supports the customer s core competencies. Purity Siridion chlorosilanes (dichlorosilane, trichlorosilane, silicon tetrachloride, and hexachlorodisilane) and monosilane are used in the photovoltaics, fiber optics, semiconductor, and flat-panel display industries. Such pioneering application fields where the quality and performance Reliability To our customers, reliable product quality and on-time delivery are essential. The challenge facing the supplier is to deliver the same high quality every time and in the required quantities. This kind of consistency can be achieved only through experience in manufacturing and proven production capabilities. Evonik ensures maximum availability and planning certainty at manufacturing sites around the globe, for direct delivery or around the corner in fence-to-fence operations. Zero-defect production and high quality analytics are meaningless without superior logistics. That s what gives our customers the planning certainty they need. Raw materials for encapsulants Protecting the solar cells and circuits against chemical and mechanical impact, encapsulants are key components in extending the life time of solar modules. In addition, the encapsulant provides structural support and helps position the solar cell circuit. Used in the field for more than 25 years, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) is the standard encapsulation material, offering excellent processing properties and long-term module stability. specialists are continuously developing more efficient silane solutions to improve process efficiencies and shelf life of the EVA encapsulant film. Furthermore, epoxy and vinyl silanes have been successfully used to improve the properties of adhesives and sealants and cable insulations in the assembly of solar modules. reduction of cycle time cost savings, higher output less bubble formation better module quality higher transparency improved module performance improved volume resistivity reduction of PID risk Etching of CI (G) S solar cells Dynasylan functional silanes act as adhesion promoters between the inorganic glass or silicon layers and the EVA encapsulant layers of a solar module. Dynasylan can easily be compounded into the EVA encapsulant film. Methacrylate functionalized silanes are an excellent solution for bonding the encapsulating film to glass substrates (front sheets and back sheets) and to solar cell layers. Aside from our front-runner Dynasylan MEMO, with the newly developed alternative Dynasylan SIVO 250 several technical challenges can be effectively surmounted. Our R&D CyPlus manufactures high quality potassium cyanide (KCN) suitable for etching CI(G)S solar cells. This process removes excess copper and sulfur from the surface to improve the properties of the semiconductor. CyPlus s holistic approach makes it possible to use cyanides sustainably. CyPlus offers a) specially designed stainless-steel containers and dissolution systems for transporting and dissolving solid cyanides (CyPlus SLS Solid-to-Liquid System); b) cyanide monitoring and control equipment to measure and control cyanide concentration (CyPlus CCS Cyanide Control System and Oxitrol ); and c) customized processes to safely treat cyanide-containing effluents in the solar industry (CyPlus CET Cyanide Effluent Treatment). Polymers for module protection VESTAMID is a high-performance specialty polyamide you will find in most demanding applications such as offshore oil pipelines and gas pipes as well as in automotive fuel lines and airbrake lines for trucks. VESTAMID combines unique properties such as an excellent chemical resistance and the lowest water absorption of all polyamides with an outstanding mechanical performance in terms of impact resistance. Back sheets based on VESTAMID can give solar modules lasting protection against environmental and weather conditions. There are two different concepts of VESTAMID based back sheets in the market laminated back sheets as well as

4 innovative coextruded back sheets. Evonik is offering VESTAMID based thin films in order to protect the PET core and guarantee a proper adhesion to the encapsulation in laminated back sheet solutions as well as VESTAMID raw materials for coextruded multi-layer back sheets. Both solutions provide a proven reliability since years of application at a competitive price/performance ratio. Depending on the specific structure, these back sheets offer various advantages compared to classical solutions, e.g. no melting phase during lamination or outdoor application, higher reflectivity increasing the modules efficiency, as well as environmentally friendly and easy to recycle back sheet solutions. Furthermore, VESTAMID based back sheets prevent any release of toxic gases and noxious substances during production, application as well as in case of fire. Evonik ensures maximum quality and availability for our customers around the globe and we support our partners to develop superior back sheet properties as well as innovative back sheet technologies worldwide. PLEXIGLAS is one of the world s highest-quality and most versatile plastics. It can be provided with many different functional properties and surfaces. Are you looking for a material that is light-diffusing or light-focusing? One that offers high resistance to heat and UV radiation, or excellent scratch resistance? Take your pick! At about half the weight of glass, PLEXIGLAS offers 11 times its impact strength, and can even withstand hailstones. It can take rough treatment, and can be precisely machined and fabricated to fit your application. The PLEXIGLAS Solar grade, with its selective UV transmission properties, is specially adapted to meet the requirements of solar and its associated environment. It provides excellent light transmission of over 92 % and superior weather ability, allowing our customers to meet required solar demands, while maintaining its properties over a long period of time. We provide a special guarantee for individual solar applications, in agreement with the respective customer. Services for solar energy products With extensive know-how and special advice, AQura GmbH, a subsidiary of Evonik Industries, supports its customers with its expertise in solutions to physical and chemical problems and in technical safety studies. About 230 dedicated employees at the Hanau and Marl laboratory sites guarantee efficient solutions to customer-specific issues and requirements concerning all aspects of investigation of materials and substances. As an accredited test laboratory, AQura offers a number of methods for surface analysis (XPS, SIMS, AFM, ATR-FTIR, TD-GCMS), material characterization SEM- and TEM-EDX, XRD, TGA-MS, NMR, Raman, GPC), and bulk material analysis (combustion analysis, XRF, IR, GDMS, and ICP-MS). Ultra-trace analysis can also be performed on high-purity starting materials and chemicals and other photovoltaic materials. Furthermore, film analysis by GDMS can detect traces of impurities as well as intentional doping in the films. PLEXIGLAS for high energy conversion efficiency As we are all aware, generating electricity from solar energy is good for the environment; but that alone is not enough. Solar power generation also has to be cost-effective. In this context, it is crucial for sunlight to be directed towards a solar cell with high efficiency, without losing a large share of solar energy through absorption. This idea represents the hallmark of efficient solar systems, and places great demands on the material. PLEXIGLAS is ideal for this purpose, with its low refractive index and extremely high light transmittance of over 92 %. The transmission properties of PLEXIGLAS Solar are specially designed to meet the requirements of solar modules. To be more specific, PLEXIGLAS Solar allows the solar cell to use the high-energy solar radiation region in the UV range (340 to 380 nanometers). At the same time, the material also provides the best possible protection for the module and the cell by blocking the harmful portion of UV radiation. Since PLEXIGLAS is also weather resistant, the solar module can operate at high capacity for many years, meeting the demands of the solar industry and making a major contribution towards reducing power generation costs. Concentrating photovoltaics requires particularly high efficiency, due to the high precision Fresnel lenses that focus light associated with the technology. Here, PLEXIGLAS offers precise mold surface reproduction as well as excellent transmission properties, and resistance to UV radiation and weathering. Not all Fresnel lenses are alike the important Support sheet Primary optic Secondary optic Solar cell factor is for the high-precision structures of the mold to be transferred to the finished part in order to obtain maximum optical efficiency. PLEXIGLAS can be processed by all conventional injection molding, extrusion and injection compression molding processes to provide such lenses. Evonik also offers lenses and lens panels, and supports customers with individual lens design. Siridion TAICROS Dynasylan CyPlus PLEXIGLAS EUROPLEX AQura VESTAMID Evonik Industries is a worldwide manufacturer of PMMA products sold under the PLEXIGLAS trademark on the European, Asian, African and Australian continents and under the ACRYLITE trademark in the Americas. Siridion, TAICROS, Dynasylan, CyPlus, PLEXIGLAS, EUROPLEX, AQura and VESTAMID are registered trademarks of or one of its subsidiaries.

5 Siridion EUROPE/MIDDLE-EAST/ AFRICA/LATIN AMERICA Dr. Michael Kröll Director Marketing and Global Account Management Inorganic Materials phone fax NORTH AMERICA Evonik Degussa Corporation Ed McGettigan Vice President & Business Director Advanced Silanes North America Interpace Parkway 379 Parsippany, NJ , USA phone fax ASIA Evonik Degussa (China) Co.,Ltd. Iris Tang Vice President Advanced Silanes Asia-Pacific 55 Chundong Road Xinzhuang Industry Park Shanghai, China phone fax TAICROS Jürgen Ohlemacher Product Manager phone fax Dr. Stephanie Schauhoff Applied Technology phone fax Dynasylan EUROPE/MIDDLE-EAST/ AFRICA/LATIN AMERICA Hanau, Germany Phone NAFTA Evonik Degussa Corporation 299 Jefferson Road Parsippany, NJ 07054, USA Phone (toll free) Phone ASIA/PACIFIC Evonik (SEA) Pte. Ltd. #07-18 Nordic European Center 3 International Business Park Singapore phone CyPlus GmbH Dr. Andrea Christiansen phone fax andrea.christiansen@cyplus.com PLEXIGLAS EUROPE René Kogler Business Development Acrylic Polymers Kirschenallee Darmstadt, Germany rene.kogler@evonik.com ASIA PACIFIC Evonik Degussa (China) Co.,Ltd. Michael Liao 55 Chundong Road Xinzhuang Industry Park Shanghai, China michael.liao@evonik.com ACRYLITE Solar NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA Evonik Cyro LLC Christopher Walby Main Street 1796 Sanford, ME 04073, USA christopher.walby@evonik.com AQura GmbH Cornel Venzago Director Inorganic Analytics phone fax cornel.venzago@aqura.de Dr. Anke Hoffmann-zu Höne Manager Marketing and Sales phone fax anke.hoffmann-zu-hoene@aqura.de VESTAMID Dr. Martin Wielpuetz Director Business Management Solar High Performance Polymers Paul-Baumann-Straße Marl, Germany phone fax martin.wielpuetz@evonik.com This information and all further technical advice is based on our present knowledge and experience. However, it implies no liability or other legal responsibility on our part, including with regard to existing third party intellectual property rights, especially patent rights. In particular, no warranty, whether express or implied, or guarantee of product properties in the legal sense is intended or implied. We reserve the right to make any changes according to technological progress or further developments. The customer is not released from the obligation to conduct careful inspection and testing of incoming goods. Performance of the product described herein should be verified by testing, which should be carried out only by qualified experts in the sole responsibility of a customer. Reference to trade names used by other companies is neither a recommendation, nor does it imply that similar products could not be used. (August 2011) Rellinghauser Straße Essen Germany Phone fax