The Acid Digestion Process (ADP) for Disposal of Sea Dumped Munitions
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1 The Acid Digestion Process (ADP) for Disposal of Sea Dumped Munitions Presented by Mr. Dennis Wynne Co-authors: Mr. Ed Groth and Mr. Chris Livingston Battelle Memorial Institute 1
2 Outline of Briefing Background Information Testing and Operations Breadth of Chemical Testing to Date Future Applications of ADP 2
3 Mission/Need for Battelle s Acid Digestion Process To establish an unexploded ordnance (UXO) disposal capability that: Eliminates public concern with open burning/open detonation (OB/OD). Treats a variety of munition types explosive, chemical, biological, and miscellaneous without change of hardware. Complies with environmental requirements. Maximizes worker and public safety. Is simple enough to allow it to be mobile in the event munitions cannot be transported. Has multiple applications (recovered, stockpiled, unserviceable, and captured weapons/munitions). 3
4 Acid Digestion Process Concept 4
5 Battelle s Acid Digestion Process Demonstration Hardware 5
6 Previous Testing/Operations Prototype Testing: SETH Processing 105 mm projectile before and after partial digestion 6
7 Previous Testing/Operations Additional Testing Before and After Before After Before After BLU -97B, bomblet with Comp-B 1lb Phosgene cylinder 35mm HEI round 7
8 Previous Testing/Operations Spring Valley Arsine Rounds Recovered 75 mm Arsine Filled Projectiles Before and During Processing Before During 8
9 Recent Testing Operations Fuze Testing Testing conducted to determine if sensitizing of energetic materials occurs in a dilute nitric acid solution. Materials selected for testing included: - M700 time fuse. - M213 grenade fuze. - Winchester W209 shotgun shell primer. - #8 non-electric blasting cap. The energetic materials tested were found to be less sensitive to ignition/detonation, following wetting with the nitric acid solution. 9
10 Recent Testing Fuze Types Destroyed WWI era fuzes Powder train time. Impact. Combination fuzes. Super quick fuzes standoff. 10
11 Recent Testing Recovered Chemical Weapons Treated Munition # Suspect Fill Comments Unfuzed Projectiles 3 Arsine WWI era fuzes 3 Mercury Fulminate Fuzes Only Fuzed Projectiles 6 Phosgene (CG) Hydrogen Cyanide (AC) Arsenic Trichloride Oleum (FS) Mustard (H) Ethyl Iodoacetate (SK) Actual recovered munitions Unfuzed mortar 1 HBU 88B Insensitive Munition 11
12 Recent Testing Insensitive Munitions Testing Difficulty in disposing of IM without OB/OD Cannot melt out explosives Cannot incinerate ADP proposed dissolving munition body to recover explosives Digested a 120mm mortar containing HBU-88B in the ADP prototype unit. 120mm Mortar Prior to Acid Digestion 120mm Mortar Following Acid Digestion Explosive contamination of liquid waste did not occur. 12
13 Recent Testing White and Red Phosphorus Conducted calorimeter testing with nitric acid and WP/RP Reaction products compatible with materials used for ADP prototype. Waste is predominantly phosphates and nitrates which are not reactive. Heats of reaction are well within the design basis. Conclusion Safe to test full up munition in prototype. Waste potentially can be spread for use as fertilizer. 13
14 Summary Compatibility of ADP with Various Fills Pilot Scale Bench Scale Energetic Material Lead styphanate Lead azide Mercury fulminate Black powder Double base propellant Flash powder Barium chromate/zirconium TNT RDX PETN Dinitrobenzene Hexanitrodiphenylamine Picric acid Dinitrotoluene HBU-88B PBXN-109 AFX-757 Chemical Fills Diphosgene (DP) Tin tetrachloride (smoke) Sulfur trioxide (smoke) Chloropicrin (PS) Nerve agents VX & G series Arsinöl Nitrogen Mustard (HN) White Phosphorus (WP) (smoke) Red Phosphorus (RP) (smoke) Hydrogen cyanide (AC) Phosgene (CG) Mustard (HD) Oleum (FS) Arsenic trichloride (smoke) Ethyl Iodoacetate (SK) Arsine (SA) Bench Scale Pilot Scale 14
15 Summary Conceptual Scale Up of ADP Preliminary design prepared for: Digestion of Containers weighing up to 2 tons Treating up to 5 RCWM at one time. Concept prepared for: Continuous process reactor Skid mounted equipment for processing at sea 15
16 Conceptual ADP at Sea 16
17 Summary ADP Capabilities Flexibility of ADP minimizes need for characterization. Scale up of process uses readily available materials and equipment. Throughput is only limited by the digestion rate of steel. Recovery and reuse of acid using commercially available equipment will minimize costs. Use of waste products as fertilizer will allow waste to stay on the military reservations. 17
18 Conclusion ADP eliminates need for open detonation or open burning of munitions. The simplicity allows for: Scalability Mobility Operability Maintainability Other potential applications: Demilitarization of munitions dumped at sea Recovery and reuse of explosives, precious metals, or segregation of waste Disposal of Biological Weapons Treatment of range scrap 18
19 Points of Contact Dennis J. Wynne Battelle Eastern Science and Technology Center 1204 Technology Drive Aberdeen, Maryland Telephone: Edward Groth Battelle Eastern Science and Technology Center 1204 Technology Drive Aberdeen, Maryland Telephone:
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United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA530-F-97-029 September 1997 http://www.epa.gov Solid Waste and Emergency Response IDENTIFYING YOUR WASTE THE STARTING POINT This brochure explains the methodology