Supplier Performance Evaluation and Selection in the Herbal Industry
|
|
- Brianne Penelope Conley
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Supplier Performance Evaluation and Selection in the Herbal Industry Rashmi Kulshrestha Research Scholar Ranbaxy Research Laboratories Ltd. Gurgaon (Haryana), India rashmi.kulshreshtha@ranbaxy.com Dr. Manoj Kulshrestha Reader in Civil Engineering School of Engineering & Technology Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India kulshreshtha_m@ignou.ac.in Prof. S. P. Bhatnagar Head, Pharmaceutical Sciences Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, India Raw materials are the most important component of many production processes. Finding the right raw materials, procured from the right source, at the right price, with the right quality, at the right time can be the key to the success of a production process. Selecting the right source of the raw materials for production of herbal medicinal products poses problems because of the large number of alternatives available, the presence of multiple and conflicting selection criteria, and an increasingly turbulent decision environment. This article presents the appropriateness of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a modeling technique of Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), in supporting the evaluation and selection of suppliers in this industry. The article outlines the complete AHP technique from source selection through supplier rating for herbal drugs. Dr. C. K. Katiyar Head, Herbal Drug Research Ranbaxy Research Laboratories Ltd. Gurgaon (Haryana), India Introduction The procurement of the right kind of raw material from the right source is of vital importance in the production of herbal medicinal products. Quality, cost, continuity in delivery, and availability of supportive documentation are relevant criteria in the selection of suppliers. Makers of herbal drugs must depend on various suppliers with different characteristics in terms of quality, cost, and delivery. The supply base diversity makes the decision process for the selection of the right suppliers quite complex. Complexity is also associated with the fact that alternative sources or suppliers need to be evaluated in the presence of many conflicting criteria. This calls for a decision support system to help managers to make the right decisions in the presence of conflicting qualitative and quantitative parameters. Such a system can be based on the Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) process, which involves multiple and conflicting objectives or criteria and which often includes both qualitative and quantitative factors. MCDM is a broad and fertile field of research and application aimed at more efficient and effective decision making. Within MCDM, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a technique that can be applied if the decision problem includes multiple objectives, conflicting criteria, and/or incommensurable units. It aims at selecting an alternative from a known set of alternatives and/or requires establishing suitable rankings of all the available alternatives. This article attempts to analyze the decision environment for evaluating the performance of alternative sources or suppliers of herbal drugs by using the AHP technique. Application of AHP for supplier rating is described with the help of a case study involving six potential suppliers of five herbal drugs (active botanical ingredient). The ability of the AHP model to aggregate the different evaluation ratings into an overall perception of supplier performance (Supplier Supply Chain Forum An International Journal Vol. 8 - N
2 Performance Index, or SPI) is demonstrated. The Analytic Hierarchy Process The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), axiomized by Thomas L. Saaty, is an MCDM technique particularly suitable for decision problems involving subjective, abstract, and non-quantifiable attributes. The strength of the AHP technique lies in its ability to structure a complex problem hierarchically. It allows the evaluation and ranking of available alternatives. To evaluate alternatives, the AHP technique is applied through the following steps: (a) develop the decision hierarchy, (b) establish priorities, (c) synthesize, and (d) determine overall priorities. In the AHP approach, the first step is to decompose the problem into its components and then use these components to develop a hierarchy with a number of levels, namely goal, attributes, sub-attributes, and ratings. This hierarchy serves as a framework for addressing both qualitative and quantitative factors simultaneously. The topmost element of the hierarchy stands for the overall goal in the decision problem. The level immediately below consists of sub-goals, which contribute to the attainment of the overall goal. Each sub-goal is decomposed further until a sufficiently detailed representation of the decision problem is obtained. In the case of the classical AHP, decision alternatives are put on the lowest level of the hierarchy, whereas in the AHP rating approach, the ratings occupy the lowest level of the hierarchy. After the problem is posed in a hierarchical form, the next step is to evaluate each element of the decision hierarchy. In this process, each node is evaluated against each of its peers with respect to its parent node. These evaluations are called pairwise comparisons. Pairwise comparisons at each level are made in terms of either importance or preference. Pairwise comparisons of the elements, usually attributes, sub-attributes, or ratings, can be made through a scale indicating the strength with which one element dominates another. The scaling process is then translated into priority weights (scores) for the comparison of all available alternatives. The next step is to form square decision matrices at each level after entering the choices of decision makers into the appropriate boxes of the matrices through pairwise comparison. Construction of the Square Decision Matrix The pairwise comparison procedure is carried out by relating an element, say attribute A, on the left side of the matrix to the element, say attribute B, on the top of the matrix, and then determining which is more important. If attribute A seems to be more important than attribute B, then a suitable integer value from Table 1 is entered in the box of the matrix. If B is more important than A, the reciprocal of that integer value is used. Thus, in this technique, two entries are made simultaneously, with the judgments at mutually transposed positions in the matrix. When an element is compared with itself, the unit weight factor is entered in the decision matrix. The procedure is repeated for each element listed along the left side of the matrix, comparing each with all the elements on the top of the matrix. The decision makers can express their preferences over attributes, sub-attributes, and ratings between each pair of elements as equally, moderately, strongly, very strongly, or extremely preferable by entering appropriate weight factors (given in Table 1). Computation of Priority Vector After the square decision matrix is constructed, it is suitably analyzed to compute the vector of priorities, or priority vector (PV). In terms of matrix algebra, the decision matrix analysis consists of determining the eigenvector of the greatest nonzero eigenvalue of the matrix and then normalizing it to 1.0 to obtain the priority vector. The row components of the priority vector give the priority weights of the elements. These priority weights are used for comparing and, subsequently, ranking the elements. Manual computation of Table 1 Scale of Relative Importance in the AHP Approach Supply Chain Forum An International Journal Vol. 8 - N
3 Table 2 Geometric Mean Approximation Approach the eigenvector of a matrix is not very difficult but is time-consuming for higher order matrices; therefore, analysis of the decision matrix is carried out by the geometric mean approximation technique, which provides sufficiently close results for application. In the geometric mean approximation approach, the geometric mean of the elements in each row of the square decision matrix is computed. This mean is used to normalize the vector so that its elements add to unity. This forms the column of priority vector. Each row component of this column vector corresponds to the priority weight of the element of that row. Table 2 shows the sequence of steps of the geometric mean approach of priority vector determination for an illustrative decision matrix involving three elements. Analysis of Consistency in Decision Making AHP, as a technique, has a distinct characteristic of having a provision to identify the degree of consistency in the judgments of the decision maker. It involves the computation of the greatest nonzero eigenvalue (λ max ), the consistency index, and, finally, the consistency ratio. For determining greatest non-zero eigenvalue (λ max ), the totals of each column of the decision matrix are found. Then, the sum of each column of the decision matrix is multiplied by the corresponding row component of the priority vector (i.e., the sum of column 1 is multiplied by the component of priority vector for row 1, and so on). The sum of the products so obtained is the maximum or principal eigenvalue (λ max ) of the decision matrix. The deviation of λ max from the order of the matrix (n) is regarded as the measure of inconsistency in judgments. The closer λ max is to the order n, the greater is the consistency exhibited by the matrix. In order to measure the relative consistency, a consistency index (CI) for a single matrix is introduced as λ max For a reciprocal matrix, it is always true that λ max > n. A random index (RI) is defined as a consistency index of a randomly generated reciprocal matrix. For matrices of different orders, the corresponding random consistency is presented in Table 3. Finally, a consistency ratio (CR) is defined as The value of the CR should be within 10% for good results, but generally, up to 15% is acceptable. If the CR is higher than the limit, then decision makers should consider revising their judgments. After analyzing and applying consistency checks for all the decision matrices, the local priorities (LP) are placed at suitable places in the hierarchy. The composite or global priorities (GP) of the rating (i.e., the lowest level of hierarchy) are determined by aggregating the weights through the hierarchy. The outcome of this process is the ratio scale priorities of various ratings used for this purpose. Finally, a rating spreadsheet can be used to capture the preferences of decision makers on each of the Table 3 Random Consistency Supply Chain Forum An International Journal Vol. 8 - N
4 alternatives, with respect to each sub-attribute under consideration. The ratings can be used to evaluate each alternative against each subattribute. Parameters for the Evaluation of Supplier Performance In this study, the following broad categories of attributes were considered for the supplier rating system: (a) Cost. The attributes within this category are basically productspecific attributes related to the price of the inputs. They include other associated costs such as material and transportation costs. (b) Performance. The attributes within this category (i.e., solvent extractive values, ash values, and foreign matter) are related to the quality of the inputs. (c) Logistics. The attributes within this category are basically supplier-specific attributes and include lead time, delivery reliability, small order supply, and emergency supply. These attributes pertain to the delivery mechanism under which a particular supplier operates and to the capability to respond to specific requirements of the organization such as small orders and emergency supply. (d) Other related attributes including standing of the firm, past performance, and support documentation. Only the performance attributes are specific to the herbal industry. The cost, logistics, standing of the firm, past performance, and support documentation attributes are general attributes. Attributes-Alternatives Listing In this study, product and supplierspecific attributes that are important for the purpose of performance evaluation of sources of herbal drugs are identified in Table 4. As explained earlier, the MCDM model requires a list of attributes as well as a set of alternatives to be evaluated. Having developed the list of attributes, a set of six supplier sources (represented by SS-1, SS-2, SS-3, SS-4, SS-5, and SS-6) has been taken for performance evaluation for the five herbal drugs, namely Bacopa monniera, Centella asiatica, Tinospora cordifolia, Gymnema sylvestre, and Commiphora mukul. For this study, for each herbal drug, at least three suppliers have been considered, as shown in Table 5. Step-by-step application of the AHP for Performance Evaluation In order to evaluate the performance of herbal drug suppliers using the AHP approach, various steps were taken. These are described in the following paragraphs. Develop the Decision Hierarchy The classic AHP approach is not capable of handling a large number of alternatives, as it results in highorder decision matrices that are difficult to analyze manually. Miller (1956) showed that it is not appropriate to conduct pairwise comparisons among more than seven elements at a time. Because the number of sources (i.e., suppliers) of various herbal drugs to be evaluated may be larger, the use of the AHP rating approach is recommended in this study. Table 4 List of Attributes and Sub-Attributes Supply Chain Forum An International Journal Vol. 8 - N
5 Figure 1 Pairwise Comparison of Attributes with Respect to Goal Appendix A illustrates measurement of the preference of the suppliers with respect to performance attributes, logistics attributes, and other attributes. The ratings used are Outstanding (O), Good (G), Satisfactory (S), and Poor (P). In the case of cost factor attributes, the ratings used are High (H), Average (A), and Low (L). Establish Priorities In this step, different square decision matrices are formed by pairwise comparisons. In this process, each node is evaluated against each of its peers with respect to its parent node. For example, Figure 1 shows a decision matrix resulting from comparing the preference of the attributes (Level 2) with respect to a goal (evaluate the sources of herbal drugs-level 1). For the decision hierarchy developed for the present case study, 18 such decision matrices were formed and analyzed as per the details given in Table 6. After the decision matrices are formed, the relative priorities of various elements of the model are determined. As shown in Appendix A, each element has two priorities, the Local Priority (LP) and the Global Priority (GP). The LP of an element is the relative priority of the element with respect to its peers. The GP is computed by multiplying the LP of the element by the GP of its parent element. For example, the LP of sub-attribute "Water Soluble Extractive (BB)" is and the global priority of "Performance (Quality) Attributes (B)" is 0.560; therefore, the GP of sub-attribute "Water Soluble Extractive (BB)" is (0.117 x 0.560) or Synthesize The global (composite) priorities of the rating (the lowest level of the AHP model in appendix A) are determined by aggregating the weights through the hierarchy. The outcome of this process is the ratio scale priorities of the various Table 6 Details of Decision Matrices Supply Chain Forum An International Journal Vol. 8 - N
6 ratings used for the purpose. For example, the GP of "Outstanding" with respect to sub-attribute "Water Soluble Extractive (BB)" with respect to "Performance (Quality) Attributes" with respect to "goal" is (0.473 x x x 1.00) or Determine the Overall Priorities The ratings are used to evaluate the achievement/performance of each source (supplier) against each subattribute. The ratings given to various suppliers with respect to considered sub-attributes for different herbal drugs are presented in Appendix B. For example, supplier SS-1 has been rated Average (A) with respect to material cost, whereas the same supplier has been rated Poor (P) in delivery lead time and delivery reliability. These ratings are translated into a priority factor (i.e., GP, determined in the previous step). A total priority for each source (supplier) under consideration can be computed by summing the priorities of the ratings of the source (supplier) on each sub-attribute. Overall ratings of suppliers under consideration can be determined by comparing "Total of Priorities of Ratings" as calculated and presented in Appendix C. In Appendix C, the row "Total of Ideal Priorities of Ratings" for a source (supplier) represents the sum of the numerical value of priority ratings of an ideal source (supplier) that has "outstanding/low" rating for all the sub-attributes. Finally, the "Supplier Performance Index (SPI)" for a particular herbal drug can be defined as the ratio between the "Total of Priorities of Ratings" of the supplier for the particular herbal drug and the "Total of Ideal Priorities of Ratings" calculated in the model. Results and Discussion The study illustrates the ability of the AHP to provide a rational and scientific approach to the performance evaluation of different sources (suppliers) of various herbal drugs. The computational results presented in Appendix C clearly show the importance of incorporating all influencing factors in performance evaluation. In Appendix C, the overall ratings of suppliers under consideration is given as I, II, and III for suppliers SS- 3, SS-1, and SS-2, respectively, for Bacopa monniera. Similarly, the overall rating of suppliers for Centella asiatica is given as I, II, and III for suppliers SS-4, SS-3, and SS-1, respectively. The overall ratings of suppliers of Tinospora cordifolia are given as I, II, III, and IV for suppliers SS-3, SS-5, SS-2, and SS-1, respectively. The overall ratings of suppliers for Gymnema sylvestre are given as I, II, III, and IV for suppliers SS-4, SS-2, SS-1, and SS-3, respectively. The overall ratings of suppliers of Commiphora mukul are given as I, II, III, IV, and V for suppliers SS-6, SS-3, SS-1, SS-2, and SS-4, respectively. These supplier ratings have been arrived at by comparing the "Total Priorities of Ratings" of all the suppliers considered for the supply of a particular herbal drug. On the basis of "Total of Ideal Priorities of Ratings" (i.e., in the present case), the "Supplier Performance Index (SPI)" for all the suppliers under consideration has been calculated, giving an overall evaluation of different sources through a single digit number. Ideally, this number would be 1.00 if the performance of a supplier is outstanding with respect to all attributes (criteria). Furthermore, a classification mechanism based on SPIs of different suppliers may be evolved to rate the performance of various suppliers. The SPIs of SS-3 and SS-5 for Tinospora cordifolia are very close to each other even though they have different ratings on various sub-attributes being evaluated. Similarly, the SPIs of SS-2 and SS-4 for Commiphora mukul are very close even though they have different ratings for various subattributes. This demonstrates the ability of the model to aggregate the different evaluation ratings into an overall perception of a particular supplier. Conclusions The AHP technique of MCDM is a very useful tool for evaluating the performance of different source (suppliers) of various herbal drugs. While implementing the model, a "Committee for Performance Evaluation of Suppliers" may be constituted, and the judgmental values of the members may be aggregated by the mean aggregation method. Various decision matrices may be formed by the aggregated judgmental values and can be analyzed suitably. Although some computer programs are available for computing the eigenvector of a decision matrix of the AHP, the use of an electronic spreadsheet like MS-Excel can make the calculations of rating spreadsheets an easy and less time-consuming task. In this method, the decision matrix is square, and advantage is taken of the properties of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a square matrix to check the consistency of the judgmental values assigned to various elements in the decision matrix. The concept of consistency ratio in the AHP also makes the performance evaluation more scientific and rational. Decision makers may not desire the evaluation to be based on judgments that have such low consistency that they appear to be random. The procedure also gives the decision maker scope for revising and improving the judgments. The model developed is quite effective in determining the overall performance of any supplier by supplying just one number (i.e., the Supplier Performance Index, or SPI). Trend charts of SPI may show the historical performance of the supplier, which may be used for various administrative and financial purposes apart from the technical feasibility of using the supplier. Supply Chain Forum An International Journal Vol. 8 - N
7 References British herbal pharmacopoeia. (1996). British Herbal Medicine Association Publication. Indian herbal pharmacopoeia (Rev. new ed.). (2002). Mumbai: Indian Drug Manufacturer's Association Publishers. Kulshrestha, M., & Deshpande, V. B. (1996). Effective tool for functional evaluation of intricate cases in construction projects. Proceedings of the 36th SAVE International Conference, Society of American Value Engineers, Kulshrestha, M., Deshpande, V. B., & Saxena, A. K. (1995). Multiple criteria decision theory: An effective tool for value engineering implementation. Value Engineering in Project Management, Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for information processing. Psychological Review, Mukherjee, P. K. (2002). Quality control of herbal drugs An approach to evaluation of botanicals. New Delhi: Business Horizons Pharmaceutical Publishers. Saaty, T. L. (1980). The analytical hierarchy process. New York: McGraw- Hill. Saaty, T. L. (1982). Decision making for leaders. Lifetime Learning Publications/ Wadsworth. Saaty, T. L. (1986). Axiomatic foundation of the AHP. Management Science, 32(7), Supply Chain Forum An International Journal Vol. 8 - N
8 Supply Chain Forum An International Journal Vol. 8 - N
9 Supply Chain Forum An International Journal Vol. 8 - N
10 Supply Chain Forum An International Journal Vol. 8 - N
MULTIPLE-OBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUE Analytical Hierarchy Process
MULTIPLE-OBJECTIVE DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUE Analytical Hierarchy Process Business Intelligence and Decision Making Professor Jason Chen The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is a systematic procedure
More informationThe Analytic Hierarchy Process. Danny Hahn
The Analytic Hierarchy Process Danny Hahn The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) A Decision Support Tool developed in the 1970s by Thomas L. Saaty, an American mathematician, currently University Chair,
More informationHow to do AHP analysis in Excel
How to do AHP analysis in Excel Khwanruthai BUNRUAMKAEW (D) Division of Spatial Information Science Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba ( March 1 st, 01) The Analytical
More informationVendor Evaluation and Rating Using Analytical Hierarchy Process
Vendor Evaluation and Rating Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Kurian John, Vinod Yeldho Baby, Georgekutty S.Mangalathu Abstract -Vendor evaluation is a system for recording and ranking the performance
More informationChapter 4 SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS METHODOLOGY
Chapter 4 SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS METHODOLOGY This chapter highlights on supply chain performance measurement using one of the renowned modelling technique
More informationANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) TUTORIAL
Kardi Teknomo ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) TUTORIAL Revoledu.com Table of Contents Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Tutorial... 1 Multi Criteria Decision Making... 1 Cross Tabulation... 2 Evaluation
More informationProject Management Software Selection Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Method
Project Management Software Selection Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Method ISSN - 35-055 Sweety Sen (B.tech: Information Technology) Dronacharya College of Engineering Gurgaon, India Phone no. : 00343
More informationAn Evaluation Model for Determining Insurance Policy Using AHP and Fuzzy Logic: Case Studies of Life and Annuity Insurances
Proceedings of the 8th WSEAS International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, June 19-21, 2007 126 An Evaluation Model for Determining Insurance Policy Using AHP and Fuzzy
More informationSubcontractor Selection Using Analytic Hierarchy Process
Volume 3 Number 3 2012 pp. 121-143 ISSN: 1309-2448 www.berjournal.com Subcontractor Selection Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Vesile Sinem Arıkan Kargı a Ahmet Öztürk b Abstract: Turkish textile firms
More informationAnalytical Hierarchy Process for Higher Effectiveness of Buyer Decision Process
P a g e 2 Vol. 10 Issue 2 (Ver 1.0), April 2010 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Analytical Hierarchy Process for Higher Effectiveness of Buyer Decision Process Razia Sultana Sumi 1 Golam
More informationResearch on supply chain risk evaluation based on the core enterprise-take the pharmaceutical industry for example
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(6):593-598 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Research on supply chain risk evaluation based on
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(3):34-39. Research Article. Analysis of results of CET 4 & CET 6 Based on AHP
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(3):34-39 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Analysis of results of CET 4 & CET 6 Based on AHP
More informationAn Illustrated Guide to the ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
An Illustrated Guide to the ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS Dr. Rainer Haas Dr. Oliver Meixner Institute of Marketing & Innovation University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna http://www.boku.ac.at/mi/
More informationProject Management Software Selection Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Method
International Journal of Applied Science and Technology Vol. 4, No. ; November 04 Project Management Software Selection Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Method Birgul Kutlu Professor Bogazici University
More informationTalk:Analytic Hierarchy Process/Example Leader
Talk:Analytic Hierarchy Process/Example Leader 1 Talk:Analytic Hierarchy Process/Example Leader This is an example showing the use of the AHP in a practical decision situation. Click HERE to return to
More informationTHE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)
THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) INTRODUCTION The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is due to Saaty (1980) and is often referred to, eponymously, as the Saaty method. It is popular and widely used,
More informationUSING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR DECISION MAKING IN ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS: SOME CHALLENGES
Published in: Inter l Journal of Industrial Engineering: Applications and Practice, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 35-44, 1995. 1 USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR DECISION MAKING IN ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS:
More informationUSING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) TO SELECT AND PRIORITIZE PROJECTS IN A PORTFOLIO
USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) TO SELECT AND PRIORIZE PROJECTS IN A PORTFOLIO Ricardo Viana Vargas, MSc, IPMA-B, PMP Professor Fundação Getúlio Vargas (FGV) Brasil Professor Fundação Instituto
More informationKlaus D. Goepel No 10 Changi Business Park Central 2 Hansapoint@CBP #06-01/08 Singapore 486030 E-mail: drklaus@bpmsg.com ABSTRACT
IMPLEMENTING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS AS A STANDARD METHOD FOR MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING IN CORPORATE ENTERPRISES A NEW AHP EXCEL TEMPLATE WITH MULTIPLE INPUTS Klaus D. Goepel No 0 Changi Business
More informationApplying the ANP Model for Selecting the Optimal Full-service Advertising Agency
International Journal of Operations Research International Journal of Operations Research Vol.8, No. 4, 4858 (2011) Applying the ANP Model for Selecting the Optimal Full-service Advertising Agency Pi-Fang
More informationMulti-Criteria Decision-Making Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process for Wicked Risk Problems
Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process for Wicked Risk Problems Introduction It has become more and more difficult to see the world around us in a uni-dimensional way and to
More informationApplying the Analytic Hierarchy Process to Health Decision Making: Deriving Priority Weights
Applying the to Health Decision Making: Deriving Priority Weights Tomás Aragón, MD, DrPH Principal Investigator, Cal PREPARE,. CIDER UC Berkeley School of Public Health Health Officer, City & County of
More information6 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
6 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) 6.1 Introduction to Analytic Hierarchy Process The AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) was developed by Thomas L. Saaty (1980) and is the well-known and useful method to
More informationCHAPTER 3 IDENTIFICATION OF MOST PREFERRED KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR IN INDIAN CALL CENTRES
49 CHAPTER 3 IDENTIFICATION OF MOST PREFERRED KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR IN INDIAN CALL CENTRES 3.1 INTRODUCTION Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) is means for assessment of an organisations current position
More informationA Fuzzy AHP based Multi-criteria Decision-making Model to Select a Cloud Service
Vol.8, No.3 (2014), pp.175-180 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsh.2014.8.3.16 A Fuzzy AHP based Multi-criteria Decision-making Model to Select a Cloud Service Hong-Kyu Kwon 1 and Kwang-Kyu Seo 2* 1 Department
More informationQuantifying energy security: An Analytic Hierarchy Process approach
ERG/200906 Quantifying energy security: An Analytic Hierarchy Process approach Larry Hughes, PhD Energy Research Group Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova
More informationDecision-making with the AHP: Why is the principal eigenvector necessary
European Journal of Operational Research 145 (2003) 85 91 Decision Aiding Decision-making with the AHP: Why is the principal eigenvector necessary Thomas L. Saaty * University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
More informationUsing Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method to Prioritise Human Resources in Substitution Problem
Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method to Raymond Ho-Leung TSOI Software Quality Institute Griffith University *Email:hltsoi@hotmail.com Abstract In general, software project development is often
More informationInformation Security and Risk Management
Information Security and Risk Management by Lawrence D. Bodin Professor Emeritus of Decision and Information Technology Robert H. Smith School of Business University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742
More informationEarly FP Estimation and the Analytic Hierarchy Process
Early FP Estimation and the Analytic Hierarchy Process Luca Santillo (luca.santillo@gmail.com) Abstract Several methods exist in order to estimate the size of a software project, in a phase when detailed
More informationInternational Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR) (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research)
International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR) (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research) International Journal of Engineering, Business and Enterprise
More informationComparative Analysis of FAHP and FTOPSIS Method for Evaluation of Different Domains
International Journal of Research Studies in Computer Science and Engineering (IJRSCSE) August 2015, PP 58-62 ISSN 2349-4840 (Print) & ISSN 2349-4859 (Online) www.arcjournals.org Comparative Analysis of
More informationAdopting an Analytic Hierarchy Process to Select Internet Advertising Networks
Adopting an Analytic Hierarchy Process to Select Internet Advertising Networks Chin-Tasi Lin 1), Pi-Fang Hsu 2) 1) Yuanpei Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Information Management, Taiwan
More informationAnalytic hierarchy process (AHP)
Table of Contents The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)...1/6 1 Introduction...1/6 2 Methodology...1/6 3 Process...1/6 4 Review...2/6 4.1 Evaluation of results...2/6 4.2 Experiences...3/6 4.3 Combinations...3/6
More informationAnalytic Hierarchy Process
MODULE 1 Analytic Hierarchy Process LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing this module, students will be able to: 1. Use the multifactor evaluation process in making decisions that involve a number of factors,
More informationThe Analytic Hierarchy Process and SDSS
The Analytic Hierarchy Process and SDSS RNR/GEOG 420-520 Preview Week 12 Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Week 13 Designing Geodatabase Models Week 14 GeoVisualization
More informationComparison between Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithms for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
Comparison between Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithms for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Enrique Stevens-Navarro and Vincent W.S. Wong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University
More informationSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND A STUDY ON SUPPLIER SELECTION in TURKEY
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND A STUDY ON SUPPLIER SELECTION in TURKEY Pelin Alcan, Hüseyin Başlıgil, Melih Coşkun Yildiz Technical University, Besiktas, İstanbul, Turkey Abstract This study mainly focuses
More information2008 Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering. All rights reserved - Volume 2, Number 2 (ISSN 1995-6665) Goal
JJMIE Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Volume 2, Number 2, Jun. 2008 ISSN 1995-6665 Pages 77-84 Evaluating and Benchmarking Non-Governmental Training Programs: An Analytic Hierarchy
More informationApproaches to Qualitative Evaluation of the Software Quality Attributes: Overview
4th International Conference on Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques Approaches to Qualitative Evaluation of the Software Quality Attributes: Overview Presented by: Denis Kozlov Department of Computer
More informationDesign of Analytic Hierarchy Process Algorithm and Its Application for Vertical Handover in Cellular Communication
Design of Analytic Hierarchy Process Algorithm and Its Application for Vertical Handover in Cellular Communication Under the Guidance of Asso. Prof. Mr. Saurav Dhar Deptt. of Electronics and Communication
More informationA Decision-Making Framework for IT Outsourcing using the Analytic Hierarchy Process
A Decision-Making Framework for IT Outsourcing using the Analytic Hierarchy Process Vivek Pandey and Veena Bansal October 14, 2003 Abstract Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) has generated considerable
More informationReproducing Calculations for the Analytical Hierarchy Process
Reproducing Calculations for the Analytical Hierarchy Process Booz Allen Hamilton International Infrastructure Team Introduction Booz Allen supports clients in the application of the Analytical Hierarchy
More informationContractor selection using the analytic network process
Construction Management and Economics (December 2004) 22, 1021 1032 Contractor selection using the analytic network process EDDIE W. L. CHENG and HENG LI* Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong
More informationINVOLVING STAKEHOLDERS IN THE SELECTION OF A PROJECT AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT TOOL
INVOLVING STAKEHOLDERS IN THE SELECTION OF A PROJECT AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT TOOL Vassilis C. Gerogiannis Department of Project Management, Technological Research Center of Thessaly, Technological Education
More informationApplication of the Multi Criteria Decision Making Methods for Project Selection
Universal Journal of Management 3(1): 15-20, 2015 DOI: 10.13189/ujm.2015.030103 http://www.hrpub.org Application of the Multi Criteria Decision Making Methods for Project Selection Prapawan Pangsri Faculty
More informationA REVIEW AND CRITIQUE OF HYBRID MADM METHODS APPLICATION IN REAL BUSINESS
Application in Real Business, 2014, Washington D.C., U.S.A. A REVIEW AND CRITIQUE OF HYBRID MADM METHODS APPLICATION IN REAL BUSINESS Jiri Franek Faculty of Economics VSB-Technical University of Ostrava
More informationAnalytic Hierarchy Process for Design Selection of Laminated Bamboo Chair
Analytic Hierarchy Process for Design Selection of Laminated Bamboo Chair V. Laemlaksakul, S. Bangsarantrip Abstract This paper demonstrates the laminated bamboo chair design selection, the applicability
More informationUse Analytic Hierarchy Process For Project Selection
P R OJECT SELECTON Use Analytic Hierarchy Process For Project Selection THE METHOD CAN ASSST STRATEGY FOCUSED ORGANZATONS N PROPERLY MANAGNG BUSNESS PROCESS MPROVEMENT PROGRAMS. By John David Kendrick
More informationAn analytical hierarchy process and fuzzy inference system tsukamoto for production planning: a review and conceptual research
An analytical hierarchy process and fuzzy inference system tsukamoto for production planning: a review and conceptual research Abdul Talib Bon; Silvia Firda Utami Department of Production and Operations
More informationDevelopment of Virtual Lab System through Application of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process
Development of Virtual Lab System through Application of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Chun Yong Chong, Sai Peck Lee, Teck Chaw Ling Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University
More informationSUPPLIER SELECTION IN A CLOSED-LOOP SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK
SUPPLIER SELECTION IN A CLOSED-LOOP SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK Satish Nukala, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 025, (67)-373-7635, snukala@coe.neu.edu Surendra M. Gupta*, Northeastern University, Boston,
More informationThe Application of ANP Models in the Web-Based Course Development Quality Evaluation of Landscape Design Course
, pp.291-298 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2015.10.9.30 The Application of ANP Models in the Web-Based Course Development Quality Evaluation of Landscape Design Course Xiaoyu Chen 1 and Lifang Qiao
More informationTHE SELECTION OF BRIDGE MATERIALS UTILIZING THE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
THE SELECTION OF BRIDGE MATERIALS UTILIZING THE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS Robert L. Smith Assistant Professor/Extension Specialist, Virginia Tech Robert J. Bush Associate Professor, Virginia Tech and
More informationUncertainties in the Analytic Hierarchy Process
Uncertainties in the Analytic Hierarchy Process Lewis Warren Command and Control Division Information Sciences Laboratory DSTO-TN-0597 ABSTRACT When choosing a decision analysis technique to model a particular
More informationDecision Making on Project Selection in High Education Sector Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process
Decision Making on Project Selection in High Education Sector Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process Nina Begičević University of Zagreb, Faculty of Organization and Informatics, Pavlinska 2, Varaždin nina.begicevic@foi.hr
More informationA Multi-Criteria Decision-making Model for an IaaS Provider Selection
A Multi-Criteria Decision-making Model for an IaaS Provider Selection Problem 1 Sangwon Lee, 2 Kwang-Kyu Seo 1, First Author Department of Industrial & Management Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA,
More informationEvaluating Simulation Software Alternatives through ANP
Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, January 22 24, 2011 Evaluating Simulation Software Alternatives through ANP
More information1604 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 9, NO. 6, JUNE 2014
1604 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 9, NO. 6, JUNE 2014 Combining various trust factors for e-commerce platforms using Analytic Hierarchy Process Bo Li a, Yu Zhang b,, Haoxue Wang c, Haixia Xia d, Yanfei Liu
More informationPrize: an R package for prioritization estimation based on analytic hierarchy process
Prize: an R package for prioritization estimation based on analytic hierarchy process Daryanaz Dargahi October 14, 2015 daryanazdargahi@gmail.com Contents 1 Licensing 2 2 Overview 2 3 Relative AHP 3 3.1
More informationA strategic decision framework for green supply chain management
Journal of Cleaner Production 11 (2003) 397 409 www.cleanerproduction.net A strategic decision framework for green supply chain management Joseph Sarkis Clark University, Graduate School of Management,
More informationSupplier Selection through Analytical Hierarchy Process: A Case Study In Small Scale Manufacturing Organization
Supplier Selection through Analytical Hierarchy Process: A Case Study In Small Scale Manufacturing Organization Dr. Devendra Singh Verma 1, Ajitabh pateriya 2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute
More informationENHANCEMENT OF FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT WITH THE AID OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
ISAHP 2005, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 8-10, 2003 ENHANCEMENT OF FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT WITH THE AID OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS Jerzy Michnik a,b, 1, Mei-Chen Lo c a Kainan University, No.1, Kainan Rd.,
More informationOPERATIONAL RISK EFFECT ON INSURANCE MARKET S ACTIVITY Darja Stepchenko, Irina Voronova, Gaida Pettere Riga Technical University, Latvia
OPERATIONAL RISK EFFECT ON INSURANCE MARKET S ACTIVITY Darja Stepchenko, Irina Voronova, Gaida Pettere Riga Technical University, Latvia Abstract. The main aim of Solvency II framework is to establish
More informationA Tool Selection Framework for Cross Platform Mobile App Development
A Tool Selection Framework for Cross Platform Mobile App Development Felix Appiah J. B. Hayfron-Acquah Joseph K. Panford Frimpong Twum PG Student, Department Of Computer Science PhD Department Of Computer
More informationAN EVALUATION OF THE UPSTREAM CRUDE OIL INDUSTRY SUPPLY CHAIN RISK
AN EVALUATION OF THE UPSTREAM CRUDE OIL INDUSTRY SUPPLY CHAIN RISK AN EVALUATION OF THE UPSTREAM CRUDE OIL INDUSTRY SUPPLY CHAIN RISK : LEVERAGING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS Charles Awoala Briggs Upper
More informationIDENTIFYING AND PRIORITIZING THE FINANCING METHODS (A HYBRID APPROACH DELPHI - ANP )
IDENTIFYING AND PRIORITIZING THE FINANCING METHODS (A HYBRID APPROACH DELPHI - ANP ) Pezhman Arzhang 1, Naser Hamidi 2 1 MSc.Business Administration, Department of Business Management, Qazvin Branch, Islamic
More informationThe Analytic Network Process
The Analytic Network Process Thomas L. Saaty University of Pittsburgh saaty@katz.pitt.edu Abstract The Analytic Network Process (ANP) is a generalization of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The basic
More informationPerformance Management for Inter-organization Information Systems Performance: Using the Balanced Scorecard and the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process
Performance Management for Inter-organization Information Systems Performance: Using the Balanced Scorecard and the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Y. H. Liang Department of Information Management, I-SHOU
More informationERP SYSTEM SELECTION BY AHP METHOD: CASE STUDY FROM TURKEY
ERP SYSTEM SELECTION BY AHP METHOD: CASE STUDY FROM TURKEY Babak Daneshvar Rouyendegh (Babek Erdebilli) Atılım University Department of Industrial Engineering P.O.Box 06836, İncek, Ankara, Turkey E-mail:
More informationPetroleum Supply Chain Risk Analysis in a Multinational Oil Firm in Nigeria
Petroleum Supply Chain Analysis in a Multinational Oil Firm in Nigeria Chris I. Enyinda Alabama A & M University Charles Briggs Southern University at New Orleans Emmanuel Obuah Alabama A & M University
More informationABC AHP Decision Tool Manual
Project Number: TPF-5(221) ABC AHP Decision Tool Manual Final March, 2012 1 Introduction... 1 1.1 Software Overview... 1 1.2 Graphical User Interface... 1 1.3 Software Requirements... 2 1.4 How to Initiate
More informationAnalytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) :
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) : ITS APPLICATION IN FTS BUSINESS MODEL ASSESSMENT Athens University of Economics and Business TRANsportation Systems and LOGistics Laboratory Professor Konstantinos G.
More informationContent-Based Discovery of Twitter Influencers
Content-Based Discovery of Twitter Influencers Chiara Francalanci, Irma Metra Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Polytechnic of Milan, Italy irma.metra@mail.polimi.it chiara.francalanci@polimi.it
More informationOBJECT ORIENTED SOFTWARE SYSTEM BASED ON AHP
OBJECT ORIENTED SOFTWARE SYSTEM BASED ON AHP Soumi Ghosh Department of Computer Science & Engineering Amity School of Engineering and Technology Amity University, Sec-125, NOIDA, (U.P.), INDIA noni.soumi@gmail.com
More informationAppraisal of Trust Degree among Innovation Team Members Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process
1094 Appraisal of Trust Degree among Innovation Team Members Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process Gao Xia Department of Business Administration, ZhengZhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management,
More informationRANKING REFACTORING PATTERNS USING THE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
RANKING REFACTORING PATTERNS USING THE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS Eduardo Piveta 1, Ana Morra 2, Maelo Penta 1 João Araújo 2, Pedro Guerrro 3, R. Tom Price 1 1 Instituto de Informática, Universidade
More informationFramework of Measuring Key Performance Indicators for Decision Support in Higher Education Institution
Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3(12): 1689-1695, 2007 2007, INSInet Publication Framework of Measuring Key Performance Indicators for Decision Support in Higher Education Institution Kadarsah Suryadi
More informationVENDOR SELECTION IN SUPPLY CHAIN USING RELATIVE RELIABILITY RISK EVALUATION
VENDOR SELECTION IN SUPPLY CHAIN USING RELATIVE RELIABILITY RISK EVALUATION 1 RUPA SUNIL BINDU, 2 B. B. AHUJA 1 Assoc. Prof., Department of Mechanical Engineering, DYPCOE, Aurdi, Pune, India-411044 2 Prof.and
More information15.062 Data Mining: Algorithms and Applications Matrix Math Review
.6 Data Mining: Algorithms and Applications Matrix Math Review The purpose of this document is to give a brief review of selected linear algebra concepts that will be useful for the course and to develop
More informationCorporate Social Responsibility Program Toward Sustainability Crude Palm Oil Industry Using Analytic Hierarchy Process
Corporate Social Responsibility Program Toward Sustainability Crude Palm Oil Industry Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Fuad Halimoen 1, Alvi Syahrin 2, Herman Mawengkang 3 1 Graduate School of Management,
More informationApplication of Analytic Hierarchy Process to Prioritize Urban Transport Options Comparative Analysis of Group Aggregation Methods
WP-2007-011 Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process to Prioritize Urban Transport Options Comparative Analysis of Group Aggregation Methods Sudhakar Yedla and Ram M. Shrestha Indira Gandhi Institute
More informationFINDING THE MOST PREFERRED ALLIANCE STRUCTURE BETWEEN BANKS AND INSURANCE COMPANIES
Pekka Korhonen Raimo Voutilainen FINDING THE MOST PREFERRED ALLIANCE STRUCTURE BETWEEN BANKS AND INSURANCE COMPANIES HELSINKI SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS WORKING PAPERS W-368 Pekka Korhonen Raimo Voutilainen FINDING
More informationRequirements on document management systems recorded using the Analytic Hierarchy Process and transferred into a Quality Function Deployment
Requirements on document management systems recorded using the Analytic Hierarchy Process and transferred into a Quality Function Deployment H.-A. Crostack; I. Hackenbroich; R. Refflinghaus Chair of Quality
More informationUsing Analytic Hierarchy Process Method in ERP system selection process
Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Method in ERP system selection process Rima Tamošiūnienė 1, Anna Marcinkevič 2 Abstract. IT and business alignment has become of the strategic importance and the enterprise
More informationCellular Manufacturing Layout Design and Selection: A Case Study of Electronic Manufacturing Service Plant
Cellular Manufacturing Layout Design and Selection: A Case Study of Electronic Manufacturing Service Plant Nittaya Ngampak and Busaba Phruksaphanrat Abstract In this research, cellular manufacturing layout
More informationEvaluating Cloud Services Using DEA, AHP and TOPSIS model Carried out at the
A Summer Internship Project Report On Evaluating Cloud Services Using DEA, AHP and TOPSIS model Carried out at the Institute of Development and Research in Banking Technology, Hyderabad Established by
More informationA STUDY ON WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN INDIA
59 Journal of Management and Science ISSN: 2249-1260 e-issn: 2250-1819 Vol.5. No.3 September 2015 A STUDY ON WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN INDIA Dr.V.Vijayalakshmi a and M.Srividya
More informationAn analytic hierarchy process for school quality and inspection Model development and application
An analytic hierarchy process for school quality and inspection Model development and application Research Office- 2015 1 Abstract Purpose - The study develops an analytic hierarchy planning (AHP) framework
More informationCombining AHP and DEA Methods for Selecting a Project Manager UDC: 005.22:005.8 DOI: 10.7595/management.fon.2014.0016
Management 2014/71 Baruch Keren, Yossi Hadad, Zohar Laslo Industrial Engineering and Management Department, SCE Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer Sheva, Israel Combining AHP and DEA Methods for Selecting
More informationThe Analytic Hierarchy Process as a Decision-Support System in the Housing Sector: A Case Study
World Applied Sciences Journal 3 (4): 609-613, 2008 ISSN 1818-4952 IDOSI Publications, 2008 The Analytic Hierarchy Process as a Decision-Support System in the Housing Sector: A Case Study 1 2 3 Krupesh
More informationChapter 6. Orthogonality
6.3 Orthogonal Matrices 1 Chapter 6. Orthogonality 6.3 Orthogonal Matrices Definition 6.4. An n n matrix A is orthogonal if A T A = I. Note. We will see that the columns of an orthogonal matrix must be
More informationReport on SELECTING THE BEST PROJECT DELIVERY METHOD USING THE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)
Report on SELECTING THE BEST PROJECT DELIVERY METHOD USING THE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) Prepared for Dr. Soliman Almohawis CEM 520 Construction Contracting & Administration By Abdullah S. Alzouri
More informationERP SYSTEM SELECTION MODEL FOR LOW COST NGN PHONE COMPANY
International Journal of Electronic Business Management, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 153-160 (2008) 153 ERP SYSTEM SELECTION MODEL FOR LOW COST NGN PHONE COMPANY Joko Siswanto 1* and Anggoro Prasetyo Utomo 2 1
More information322 Menus Hall University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process THOMAS L. SAATY 322 Menus Hall University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 5260 People make three general types of judgments to express importance,
More informationCombining ANP and TOPSIS Concepts for Evaluation the Performance of Property-Liability Insurance Companies
Journal of Social Sciences 4 (1): 56-61, 2008 ISSN 1549-3652 2008 Science Publications Combining ANP and TOPSIS Concepts for Evaluation the Performance of Property-Liability Insurance Companies 1 Hui-Yin
More informationSupplier Evaluation and Selection by Using The Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach
Engineering Management Field Project Supplier Evaluation and Selection by Using The Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach By Yaser N. Alsuwehri Fall Semester, 2011 An EMGT Field Project report submitted
More informationCASE STUDIES OF USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS METHOD IN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT
CASE STUDIES OF USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS METHOD IN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT Katarína DRIENIKOVÁ, Gabriela HRDINOVÁ, Tomáš NAŇO, Peter SAKÁL Authors:
More informationLearning Management System Selection with Analytic Hierarchy Process
Learning Management System Selection with Analytic Hierarchy Process Aydın Çetin 1, Ali Hakan Işık 2, İnan Güler 1 1 Gazi University, Faculty Of Technology 2 Gazi University, Institute of Information Sciences
More informationA new Environmental Performance Index using analytic hierarchy process: A case of ASEAN countries
Article A new Environmental Performance Index using analytic hierarchy process: A case of ASEAN countries Wan Khadijah Wan Ismail, Lazim Abdullah Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology,
More information