Target Date Versus Relative Risk: A Comparison of 2 Retirement Strategies
|
|
- Maryann Rich
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Versus Relative Risk: A Comparison of 2 Retirement Strategies MARCH 2014 CONTRIBUTOR Peter Tsui Director, Index Research & Design peter.tsui@spdji.com Target date funds have grown significantly over the past decade. In fact, assets attached to all U.S. target date indices exceeded USD 500 billion in the first quarter of The underlying premise of target date strategy is a varying derisking glide path, shifting from a high equity risk level to a low equity risk level over time. This generally has an intuitive appeal, as people may be concerned that their portfolios would not recover if the market were to experience a significant drop shortly before their retirement. However, by the same token, they may worry that they could miss out on positive markets by being too conservative. In this study, we seek to determine how target date strategy performs when compared with a suite of relative risk strategies. Which of the Strategies Would Perform Best in Different Markets? Using historical data from 1983 to 2013, we conducted 12 case simulations, labeled A through L. In each case, five relative risk strategies and one target date strategy were modeled over a 20-year period. We created six hypothetical portfolios for each participant in each case, and personified the portfolios associated with the strategies by inventing names for hypothetical participants (Alice through Larry). The Demographic Profile The 12 hypothetical cohorts have birth years ranging from 1938 to We postulate that each of the cohorts begin saving for their retirements at age 45. As such, Alice and her generation (all born in 1938) would start their savings regimen at the beginning of January The appropriate underlying target date strategy would be the one with target date maturity in 2005, as this is designed for participants anticipating retirement between 2001 and RESEARCH 1 See
2 Exhibit 1: The 12 Cohorts Case Name Year of Birth Age Started Saving Saving Since Underlying TD Strategy A Alice B Brian C Craig D David E Edward F Francine G George H Hank I Irene J Justin K Kathy L Larry The five relative risk strategies are labeled RR100, RR80, RR60, RR40 and RR20, where the numerical values indicate the level of equity risk for the relative risk portfolios. For the target date strategies, we assigned the participants the appropriate target date indices in accordance with the year of their retirement. Hypothetical participants Alice, Brian, Craig and David were assigned the Dow Jones 2005 index. Edward, Francine, George, Hank and Irene were assigned the Dow Jones 2010 index. Justin, Kathy and Larry were assigned the Dow Jones 2015 index. Each participant s portfolio is constructed as follows. At the beginning of the 20-year period, beginning at the age of 45, the participant would start to contribute USD 1,000 to an investment account on a monthly basis, at the beginning of each month, for 20 years (or 240 months). At the end of the 20-year period, the total contributions would be USD 240,000, and the ending values would be determined based on the monthly returns of each of the 240 months. For example, our first participant, Alice, would begin putting in the USD 1,000 at the end of December Her final contribution would be at the end of November As seen in Exhibit 2, her portfolio would have grown to USD 705,291 if she had invested with the Dow Jones 2005 index, or to USD 526,410 if she had invested with the RR100 index. The USD 705,291 value at the end of the 20-year period ( ) is equivalent to an internal rate of return (IRR) of 9.43%. For the relative risk indices, we used the Dow Jones Global Relative Risk Indices. For the target date indices, we used the Dow Jones Global Indices. Both of these index series use the same underlying building blocks, thus allowing us to test the difference in impact between varying and non-varying asset allocations. For a detailed presentation of the composition and methodology of the Dow Jones Global Relative Risk Indices and the Dow Jones Global Indices, please refer to the Dow Jones Relative Risk Indices Methodology and the Dow Jones Indices Methodology. 2
3 Exhibit 2: Simulation Results 20-Year Ending Balance in USD RR100 RR80 RR60 RR40 RR20 Strategy A Alice 526, , , , , , B Brian 679, , , , , , C Craig 723, , , , , , D David 736, , , , , , E Edward 792, , , , , , F Francine 785, , , , , , G George 422, , , , , , H Hank 538, , , , , , I Irene 582, , , , , , J Justin 500, , , , , , K Kathy 531, , , , , , L Larry 616, , , , , ,817 Maximum 792, , , , , ,623 Average 619, , , , , ,178 Minimum 422, , , , , ,817 Spread 369, , , , , ,806 Source: S&P Dow Jones Indices. Monthly returns from Dow Jones Series and Dow Jones Relative Risk Series, All returns are hypothetical. Charts and graphs are provided for illustrative purposes. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. The pattern embedded in the simulation results can be seen more clearly when the results are normalized. To see the relationship among the five relative risk strategies, we normalize the results using the RR100 ending values as the anchor. Exhibit 3: Normalized 20-Year Ending Balance Results Using the RR100 Strategy as the Anchor RR100 RR80 RR60 RR40 RR20 Strategy A Alice B Brian C Craig D David E Edward F Francine G George H Hank I Irene J Justin K Kathy L Larry Source: S&P Dow Jones Indices. Monthly returns from Dow Jones Series and Dow Jones Relative Risk Series, Note: Highlighted areas indicate results above All returns are hypothetical. Charts and graphs are provided for illustrative purposes. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. With the exception of cases A and G, the five relative risk strategies exhibited a pattern that is expected; the ending values were higher for higher relative risks. For case G, the poor market in 2008 was a key factor. In Exhibit 3, we also see that the target date strategy outperformed the relative risk strategies in three of the 12 cases, and it was a draw in a fourth case (for Justin). When we switch the normalizing anchor from RR100 to the target date strategy, we see another interesting pattern emerge (see Exhibit 4). 3
4 Exhibit 4: Normalized 20-Year Ending Balance Results Using the Strategy as the Anchor RR100 RR80 RR60 RR40 RR20 Strategy A Alice B Brian C Craig D David E Edward F Francine G George H Hank I Irene J Justin K Kathy L Larry Source: S&P Dow Jones Indices. Monthly returns from Dow Jones Series and Dow Jones Relative Risk Series, Note: Highlighted areas indicate results above All returns are hypothetical. Charts and graphs are provided for illustrative purposes. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. The target date strategy portfolios almost always outperformed the RR40 and RR20 portfolios, but they were inferior to RR100 in eight out of 12 cases. Since none of the participants can predict future earnings or performance, they may be satisfied with a target date strategy that performed relatively well, even if it was not optimal. We also calculated the IRRs for these portfolios (see Exhibit 5). Exhibit 5: Annualized IRR RR100 (%) RR80 (%) RR60 (%) RR40 (%) RR20 (%) Strategy (%) A Alice B Brian C Craig D David E Edward F Francine G George H Hank I Irene J Justin K Kathy L Larry Maximum Minimum Spread Average Median Mean Absolute Deviation Sample Std. Dev Source: S&P Dow Jones Indices. Monthly returns from Dow Jones Series and Dow Jones Relative Risk Series, All returns are hypothetical. Charts and graphs are provided for illustrative purposes. Past performance is no guarantee of future results 4
5 Exhibit 6 shows the overperformance or underperformance of the relative risk portfolios with respect to their target date strategy counterparts. Exhibit 6: Relative Annualized IRR (Relative Risk-) RR100-TD RR80-TD RR60-TD RR40-TD RR20-TD A Alice B Brian C Craig D David E Edward F Francine G George H Hank I Irene J Justin K Kathy L Larry Max Min Average Median Source: S&P Dow Jones Indices. Monthly returns from Dow Jones Series and Dow Jones Relative Risk Series, All returns are hypothetical. Charts and graphs are provided for illustrative purposes. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Observations First, on average, taking more risk would have paid off in these situations. The RR100 (100% equity risk portfolio) has an average IRR of 8.23% vs. 7.85% for the target date strategy portfolio over the most recent 30 years market conditions. However, results vary on an individual participant basis. For example, in George s cohort, the 20-year IRR for the RR100 was only 5.23% because of the financial meltdown in Most prospective retirees are afraid of precisely this situation: what if the year before they are about to retire, when their savings would be at their highest, the market turns against them? If George had been following a target date strategy, the IRR would have been 6.67%. This result is still significantly less than the average IRR of 7.85%, but not devastatingly so. Second, even though the target date strategy did not have a fixed equity allocation by design, it came closest to the RR80 strategy in terms of its overall performance over these empirical comparisons. The mean absolute deviation for these strategies is identical at 1.14, and the average returns are 7.93% for the RR80 vs. 7.85% for the target date strategy. However, the target date strategy may seem to be the better choice, as it has a smaller spread between its best and worst returns (3.34% TD vs. 4.12% RR80), smaller sample standard deviations (1.25 TD vs RR80), and a higher minimum historical return (6.35% TD vs. 5.48% RR80). The average difference in the IRRs was 0.08% (see Exhibit 6). Third, over the past 30 years, the bond markets enjoyed a secular boom, as the long-term Treasury rates moved from a high of 15% to a low of 2%. Thus, cohorts whose retirement horizons were in the first decade of the 21 st century (like Alice and Brian) benefited from a healthy return derived from the fixed income component of their portfolios. As a result, Alice and Brian were the only cohorts whose target date strategy portfolios beat the relative risk portfolios in rising markets. The same cannot be said for Larry, as the fixed income portion of his portfolios had a negative return in 2013 and his target date strategy portfolio suffered accordingly, despite a booming stock market. 5
6 Finally, the specific ending wealth of the 12 cohorts clearly depends on the paths the markets took over their investment periods. Adopting the target date strategy may not deliver the best results most of the time, but it seems to avoid the worst outcomes more reliably. ABOUT S&P DOW JONES INDICES S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, a part of McGraw Hill Financial, Inc., is the world s largest, global resource for index-based concepts, data and research. Home to iconic financial market indicators, such as the S&P 500 and the Dow Jones Industrial Average TM, S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC has over 115 years of experience constructing innovative and transparent solutions that fulfill the needs of institutional and retail investors. More assets are invested in products based upon our indices than any other provider in the world. With over 830,000 indices covering a wide range of assets classes across the globe, S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC defines the way investors measure and trade the markets. To learn more about our company, please visit Like What You Read? Sign up to receive complimentary updates on a broad range of index-related topics and events brought to you by S&P Dow Jones Indices. 6
7 GENERAL DISCLAIMER S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, a part of McGraw Hill Financial All rights reserved. Standard & Poor s and S&P and S&P 500 are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor s Financial Services LLC ( S&P ), a part of McGraw-Hill Financial, Inc. Dow Jones is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC ( Dow Jones ). Trademarks have been licensed to S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC. Redistribution, reproduction and/or photocopying in whole or in part are prohibited without written permission. This document does not constitute an offer of services in jurisdictions where S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, Dow Jones, S&P or their respective affiliates (collectively S&P Dow Jones Indices ) do not have the necessary licenses. All information provided by S&P Dow Jones Indices is impersonal and not tailored to the needs of any person, entity or group of persons. S&P Dow Jones Indices receives compensation in connection with licensing its indices to third parties. Past performance of an index is not a guarantee of future results.it is not possible to invest directly in an index. Exposure to an asset class represented by an index is available through investable instruments based on that index. S&P Dow Jones Indices does not sponsor, endorse, sell, promote or manage any investment fund or other investment vehicle that is offered by third parties and that seeks to provide an investment return based on the performance of any index. S&P Dow Jones Indices makes no assurance that investment products based on the index will accurately track index performance or provide positive investment returns. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC is not an investment advisor, and S&P Dow Jones Indices makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any such investment fund or other investment vehicle. A decision to invest in any such investment fund or other investment vehicle should not be made in reliance on any of the statements set forth in this document. Prospective investors are advised to make an investment in any such fund or other vehicle only after carefully considering the risks associated with investing in such funds, as detailed in an offering memorandum or similar document that is prepared by or on behalf of the issuer of the investment fund or other vehicle. Inclusion of a security within an index is not a recommendation by S&P Dow Jones Indices to buy, sell, or hold such security, nor is it considered to be investment advice. Closing prices for S&P US benchmark indices and Dow Jones US benchmark indices are calculated by S&P Dow Jones Indices based on the closing price of the individual constituents of the index as set by their primary exchange. Closing prices are received by S&P Dow Jones Indices from one of its third party vendors and verified by comparing them with prices from an alternative vendor. The vendors receive the closing price from the primary exchanges. Real-time intraday prices are calculated similarly without a second verification.] These materials have been prepared solely for informational purposes based upon information generally available to the public from sources believed to be reliable. No content contained in these materials (including index data, ratings, credit-related analyses and data, model, software or other application or output therefrom) or any part thereof (Content) may be modified, reverse-engineered, reproduced or distributed in any form by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of S&P Dow Jones Indices. The Content shall not be used for any unlawful or unauthorized purposes. S&P Dow Jones Indices and its third-party data providers and licensors (collectively S&P Dow Jones Indices Parties ) do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, timeliness or availability of the Content. S&P Dow Jones Indices Parties are not responsible for any errors or omissions, regardless of the cause, for the results obtained from the use of the Content. THE CONTENT IS PROVIDED ON AN AS IS BASIS. S&P DOW JONES INDICES PARTIES DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, FREEDOM FROM BUGS, SOFTWARE ERRORS OR DEFECTS, THAT THE CONTENT S FUNCTIONING WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR THAT THE CONTENT WILL OPERATE WITH ANY SOFTWARE OR HARDWARE CONFIGURATION. In no event shall S&P Dow Jones Indices Parties be liable to any party for any direct, indirect, incidental, exemplary, compensatory, punitive, special or consequential damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, or losses (including, without limitation, lost income or lost profits and opportunity costs) in connection with any use of the Content even if advised of the possibility of such damages. S&P Dow Jones Indices keeps certain activities of its business units separate from each other in order to preserve the independence and objectivity of their respective activities. As a result, certain business units of S&P Dow Jones Indices may have information that is not available to other business units. S&P Dow Jones Indices has established policies and procedures to maintain the confidentiality of certain non-public information received in connection with each analytical process. In addition, S&P Dow Jones Indices provides a wide range of services to, or relating to, many organizations, including issuers of securities, investment advisers, broker-dealers, investment banks, other financial institutions and financial intermediaries, and accordingly may receive fees or other economic benefits from those organizations, including organizations whose securities or services they may recommend, rate, include in model portfolios, evaluate or otherwise address. 7
A Closer Look at Interest Rate Floors
A Closer Look at Interest Rate Floors CONTRIBUTOR Vishal Arora Director Global Index Research & Design vishal.arora@spdji.com Currently, there is much debate in the market surrounding if and when interest
More informationAN INSIDE LOOK AT S&P MILA 40
DID YOU KNOW? This article originally appeared in the Summer 2013 edition of INSIGHTS, a quarterly publication from S&P DJI, and summarizes key aspects of the S&P MILA 40 Index originally featured in Benchmarking
More informationLaddering a Portfolio of Municipal Bonds
CONTRIBUTORS J.R. Rieger Global Head Fixed Income Indices james.rieger@spdji.com Tyler Cling Senior Manager Fixed Income Indices tyler.cling@spdji.com Bond laddering is a strategy that calls for maturity
More informationExamining Yield Strategies Through S&P Municipal Bond Indices
Examining Yield Strategies Through S&P Municipal Bond Indices CONTRIBUTORS James J.R. Rieger Global Head Fixed Income Indices james.rieger@spdji.com Tyler Cling Senior Manager Fixed Income Indices tyler.cling@spdji.com
More informationSukuk Liquidity Trends
PRACTICE ESSENTIALS SUKUK 21 GLOBAL Liquidity Trends CONTRIBUTOR Michele Leung Associate Director, Fixed Income Indices michele.leung@spdji.com While global sukuk issuance declined by 13% in 213, the liquidity
More informationS&P Target Date Scorecard
Year-End 15 CONTRIBUTORS A. Silvia Kitchener Director LatAm Equity Indices silvia.kitchener@spdji.com Philip Murphy, CFA Vice President U.S. and Canadian Equity Indices philip.murphy@spdji.com S&P Target
More informationThe Nuts and Bolts of Fixed Indexed Annuities
PRACTICE ESSENTIALS INSURANCE 101 U.S. The Nuts and Bolts of Fixed Indexed Annuities CONTRIBUTORS Alan Grissom Global Head of Insurance Ryan Christianson Channel Management Associate ryan.christianson@spdji.com
More informationMeasuring Volatility in Australia
CONTRIBUTOR Berlinda Liu Director Global Research & Design berlinda_liu@spdji.com How is VIX computed? Select first and second month OTM puts and OTM calls Compute implied volatility for each maturity
More informationTHE U.S. INFRASTRUCTURE EFFECT INTERVIEW BY CAROL CAMERON
This interview originally appeared in the Summer 24 edition of InSIGHTS, a quarterly publication from S&P Dow Jones Indices. THE U.S. INFRASTRUCTURE EFFECT INTERVIEW BY CAROL CAMERON Every four years,
More informationPractice Essentials. Index-Linked Insurance Products 201 THE S&P MIDCAP 400 AND ITS ROLE IN INDEXED INSURANCE PRODUCTS
Index-Linked Insurance Products 201 Practice Essentials THE S&P MIDCAP 400 AND ITS ROLE IN INDEXED INSURANCE PRODUCTS S&P Indices licenses insurance carriers to use the S&P 500 and the S&P MidCap 400 within
More informationMechanics of Currency Hedged Indices
EQUITY 101 Global Mechanics of Currency Hedged Indices CONTRIBUTORS Sabrina Salemi Manager, Strategy and Global Equity Indices sabrina.salemi@spdji.com Philip Murphy, CFA Vice President, North American
More informationGuide to the Dow Jones Corporate Bond Index
Guide to the Dow Jones Corporate Bond Index Contents 01. Introduction...3 02. Key Features...3 2.1 Base Date and Base Value...3 2.2 Calculation...3 2.3 Methodology...3 2.4 Dissemination...4 2.5 Weighting...4
More informationS&P GSCI Crude Oil Enhanced Index Methodology Supplement
S&P GSCI Crude Oil Enhanced Index Methodology Supplement S&P Dow Jones Indices: Index Methodology August 2015 S&P GSCI Crude Oil Enhanced Index S&P GSCI Crude Oil Enhanced Index Methodology Supplement
More informationIdentifying the Differences Between VIX Spot and Futures
PRACTICE ESSENTIALS STRATEGY 201 U.S. Identifying the Differences Between VIX Spot and Futures CONTRIBUTOR Berlinda Liu berlinda.liu@spdji.com The S&P Dow Jones Indices Practice Essentials series is a
More informationINDEX-BASED INVESTING
PART 4 INDEX-BASED INVESTING N. (IN-DEKS BEYST IN-VEST-ING) AN INVESTMENT BASED ON PRODUCTS LINKED TO INDICES, SUCH AS INDEX MUTUAL FUNDS, ETFs AND OPTIONS CONTRACTS. 1 INDEX-BASED INVESTING Index-based
More informationLooking Down Under: An Approach to Global Equity Indexing in Australia
January 2015 CONTRIBUTOR Michael Orzano, CFA Director, Global Equity Indices michael.orzano@spdji.com Looking Down Under: An Approach to Global Equity Indexing in Australia The benefits of incorporating
More informationS&P/TSX Composite Low Volatility Index Methodology
S&P/TSX Composite Low Volatility Index Methodology July 2014 S&P Dow Jones Indices: Index Methodology Table of Contents Introduction 3 Partnership 3 Highlights 3 Eligibility Criteria 4 Index Eligibility
More informationDoes Past Performance Matter? The Persistence Scorecard
JUNE 2015 CONTRIBUTORS Aye M. Soe, CFA Senior Director Global Research & Design aye.soe@spdji.com Does Past Performance Matter? The Persistence Scorecard SUMMARY OF RESULTS When it comes to the active
More informationTaking the Pulse of the U.S. Healthcare Market
February 2016 CONTRIBUTORS Glenn K. Doody, CFA Vice President Product Management glenn.doody@spdji.com Michael Taggart, FSA Consultant michael.taggart@spdji.com Taking the Pulse of the U.S. Healthcare
More informationNational Credit Default Rates Continued Their Upward Trend in December 2014 According to the S&P/Experian Consumer Credit Default Indices
National Credit Default Rates Continued Their Upward Trend in December 2014 According to the S&P/Experian Consumer Credit Default Indices Four of the Five Cities Saw Default Rates Increase in December
More informationIdentifying the Differences Between VIX Spot and Futures
PRACTICE ESSENTIALS STRATEGY 201 U.S. Identifying the Differences Between VIX Spot and Futures CONTRIBUTOR Berlinda Liu Berlinda.liu@spdji.com The S&P Dow Jones Indices Practice Essentials series is a
More informationDOES PAST PERFORMANCE MATTER? THE PERSISTENCE SCORECARD
DOES PAST PERFORMANCE MATTER? THE PERSISTENCE SCORECARD About the Persistence Scorecard The phrase past performance is not an indicator of future outcomes (or some variation thereof) can be found in the
More informationDow Jones Composite All REIT Indices Methodology
Dow Jones Composite All REIT Indices Methodology August 2013 S&P Dow Jones Indices: Index Methodology Table of Contents Introduction 3 Highlights and Index Family 3 Eligibility Criteria 4 Index Eligibility
More informationConsiderations for a Global Approach to Property Investing
CONTRIBUTORS Emily Ulrich Analyst emily.ulrich@spdji.com Michael Orzano, CFA Director Global Equity Indices michael.orzano@spdji.com Philip Murphy, CFA Vice President North American Equities philip.murphy@spdji.com
More informationCONSUMER CREDIT DEFAULT RATES DECREASE IN SEPTEMBER 2015 ACCORDING TO THE S&P/EXPERIAN CONSUMER CREDIT DEFAULT INDICES
CONSUMER CREDIT DEFAULT RATES DECREASE IN SEPTEMBER 2015 ACCORDING TO THE S&P/EXPERIAN CONSUMER CREDIT DEFAULT INDICES Four of the Five Cities Report Default Rate Decreases in September 2015 New York,
More informationS&P/ASX 200 VIX Methodology
S&P/ASX 00 VIX Methodology S&P Dow Jones Indices: Index Methodology February 016 Table of Contents Introduction Highlights Index Construction 3 Approaches 3 Deriving VIX from ear Term and ext Term Options
More informationS&P 500 Low Volatility Index
S&P 500 Low Volatility Index Craig J. Lazzara, CFA S&P Indices December 2011 For Financial Professional/Not for Public Distribution There s nothing passive about how you invest. PROPRIETARY. Permission
More informationTo Hedge or Not To Hedge: Foreign Currency Exposure in Canada
PRACTICE ESSENTIALS EQUITY 201 Canada To Hedge or Not To Hedge: Foreign Currency Exposure in Canada CONTRIBUTORS Sabrina Salemi Analyst Product Management sabrina.salemi@spdji.com Phil Murphy, CFA Vice
More informationS&P SHARIAH INDICES METHODOLOGY FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
S&P SHARIAH INDICES METHODOLOGY FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 1. What are the S&P Shariah Indices? 2. Is screening sector- or stock-based? 3. Are advertising and media companies considered Shariah-compliant?
More informationIndex-Based Insurance Risk Management Solutions
Index-Based Insurance Risk Management Solutions A PRESENTATION FOR CBOE RISK MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE J. Alan Grissom March, 2014 For Financial Professionals. Not for Public Distribution. PROPRIETARY. Permission
More informationDJSI Ethical Europe Low Volatility Index Methodology
DJSI Ethical Europe Low Volatility Index Methodology S&P Dow Jones Indices: Index Methodology October 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Highlights 3 Eligibility Criteria 4 Index Eligibility 4 Timing
More informationIncome Inequality And State Tax Revenue Trends
Income Inequality And State Tax Revenue Trends Gabe Petek, CFA Managing Director U.S. Public Finance August 2015 Permission to reprint or distribute any content from this presentation requires the prior
More informationWorkshop B: Credit Spread Trends In The Energy Sector
Workshop B: Credit Spread Trends In The Energy Sector James West Director, FIOTC Product Management 26 November, 2014 Permission to reprint or distribute any content from this presentation requires the
More informationS&P Environmental and Socially Responsible Indices
EQUITY 101 Global CONTRIBUTORS Sabrina Salemi Manager Strategy and Global Equity Indices sabrina.salemi@spdji.com Philip Murphy, CFA Vice President North American Equities philip.murphy@spdji.com Alka
More informationPreferred Shares 1: INTRODUCTION TO PREFERRED STOCKS. 1.1 What Are Preferred Stocks?
October 2015 CONTRIBUTORS Phillip Brzenk, CFA Associate Director Global Research and Design phillip.brzenk@spdji.com Aye Soe, CFA Senior Director Global Research and Design aye.soe@spdji.com Digging Deeper
More informationS&P Healthcare Claims Indices
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Introducing Healthcare Claims Indices 1. What are the S&P Healthcare Claims Indices? 2. How can these indices be used? 3. What makes the indices unique? 4. How are the indices
More informationMexico s Bond Market: An Introduction
CONTRIBUTOR Hong Xie Director Global Research & Design hong.xie@spdji.com Mexico is the second-largest local bond market, after Brazil, in Latin American. FIXED INCOME 101 Mexico Mexico s Bond Market:
More informationInvesting: Index-Linked Emerging Markets
November 214 CONTRIBUTORS Alka Banerjee alka.banerjee@spdji.com Philip Murphy philip.murphy@spdji.com Vinit Srivastava vinit.srivastava@spdji.com Michael Orzano michael.orzano@spdji.com Leveling the Playing
More informationEvaluating Insurers Enterprise Risk Management Practice
Evaluating Insurers Enterprise Risk Management Practice Li Cheng, CFA, FRM, FSA Director Financial Services Ratings October 3, 2013 Permission to reprint or distribute any content from this presentation
More informationInteractive Brokers LLC
Summary: Interactive Brokers LLC Primary Credit Analyst: Clayton D Montgomery, New York (1) 212-438-5079; clayton.montgomery@standardandpoors.com Secondary Contact: Robert B Hoban, New York (1) 212-438-7385;
More informationS&P Global Bond Futures Index Series Methodology
S&P Global Bond Futures Index Series Methodology S&P Dow Jones Indices: Index Methodology June 206 Table of Contents Introduction 2 Highlights 2 Index Construction 3 S&P Global Bond Futures Index Series
More informationRatingsDirect. Friendswood, Texas; General Obligation. Edward R McGlade, New York (1) 212-438-2061; edward.mcglade@standardandpoors.
STANDARD & POOR'S RATINGS SERVICES McGRAW HILL FINANCIAL RatingsDirect Summary: Friendswood, Texas; General Obligation Primary Credit Analyst: Edward R McGlade, New York (1) 212-438-2061; edward.mcglade@standardandpoors.com
More informationRBS Citizens Financial Group Ratings Affirmed; Outlook Remains Negative; Stand-Alone Credit Profile Lowered To 'a-'
Research Update: RBS Citizens Financial Group Ratings Affirmed; Outlook Remains Negative; Stand-Alone Credit Profile Lowered To 'a-' Primary Credit Analyst: Barbara Duberstein, New York (1) 212-438-5656;
More information1. General Obligation Bonds (G.O.s): Bonds backed by the full taxing power of the issuer.
S&P INDICES Fixed Income February 2010 S&P Fixed Income Indices: Municipal Bond Investor Tool Kit Key Terms Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT): An extra tax that some taxpayers are required to pay in addition
More informationUsing a Low-Volatility Approach to Temper Emerging Market Risk
PRACTICE ESSENTIALS STRATEGY 201 EMERGING MARKETS Using a Low-Volatility Approach to Temper Emerging Market Risk CONTRIBUTORS Vinit Srivastava Head of Strategy Indices v init.sriv astava@spdji.com Sabrina
More informationLIMITING RISK EXPOSURE WITH S&P RISK CONTROL INDICES
March 215 CONTRIBUTORS Alka Banerjee Managing Director Head of Equity Indices alka.banerjee@spdji.com Vinit Srivastava Senior Director Strategy Indices vinit.srivastava@spdji.com Tianyin Cheng Product
More informationREITs: Making Property Accessible
PRACTICE ESSENTIALS REAL ESTATE 101 GLOBAL REITs: Making Property Accessible Publicly traded property stocks, including real estate investment trusts (REITs) and real estate operating companies (REOCs),
More informationHow To Compare China To International Markets
November 2015 Accessing China s Growth via Dividends CONTRIBUTOR Tianyin Cheng Associate Director, Strategy Indices tianyin.cheng@spdji.com The Chinese government appears to be committed to continuing
More informationLake Oswego, Oregon; Water/Sewer
Summary: Lake Oswego, Oregon; Water/Sewer Primary Credit Analyst: Aaron Lee, San Francisco (1) 415-371-5066; aaron.lee@standardandpoors.com Secondary Contact: Tim Tung, San Francisco (415) 371-5041; tim.tung@standardandpoors.com
More informationRising cost of health care and creditworthiness in the G-20 sovereigns
Finance and health: Worldwide trends Rising cost of health care and creditworthiness in the G-20 sovereigns Nuffield Trust - Health Policy Summit 2013 Marko Mršnik, Director Sovereign Ratings Europe Wotton
More informationDIGGING DEEPER INTO THE U.S. PREFERRED MARKET
DIGGING DEEPER INTO THE U.S. PREFERRED MARKET OCTOBER 2013 CONTRIBUTORS Phillip Brzenk, CFA Associate Director Index Research & Design phillip.brzenk@spdji.com Aye Soe, CFA Director Index Research & Design
More informationHighlands Ranch Metropolitan District, Colorado; General Obligation
Summary: Highlands Ranch Metropolitan District, Colorado; General Obligation Primary Credit Analyst: Bryan A Moore, San Francisco (1) 415-371-5077; bryan.moore@standardandpoors.com Secondary Contact: Lisa
More informationGuardian Life Insurance, Core Operating Subsidiaries 'AA+' Ratings Affirmed On Criteria Review, Outlook Negative
Research Update: Guardian Life Insurance, Core Operating Subsidiaries 'AA+' Ratings Affirmed On Criteria Review, Outlook Negative Primary Credit Analyst: Neal I Freedman, New York (1) 212-438-1274; neal.freedman@standardandpoors.com
More informationMBIA U.K. Insurance Ltd.
Primary Credit Analyst: David S Veno, Hightstown (1) 212-438-2108; david.veno@standardandpoors.com Secondary Credit Analyst: Olga Ryabaya, New York (1) 212-438-3843; olga.ryabaya@standardandpoors.com Table
More informationFWD Life Insurance Co. (Bermuda) Ltd. Assigned 'A-' And 'cnaa' Ratings; Outlook Stable
Research Update: FWD Life Insurance Co. (Bermuda) Ltd. Assigned 'A-' And 'cnaa' Ratings; Outlook Stable Primary Credit Analyst: Anna Kong, FSA, FRM, Hong Kong (852) 2533-3571; anna.kong@standardandpoors.com
More informationS&P DOW JONES INDICES AND MSCI ANNOUNCE REVISIONS TO THE GLOBAL INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION STANDARD (GICS ) STRUCTURE IN 2016
S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND MSCI ANNOUNCE REVISIONS TO THE GLOBAL INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION STANDARD (GICS ) STRUCTURE IN 2016 New York, November 10, 2014 - S&P Dow Jones Indices, a leading provider of financial
More informationResearch Update: Banco Monex S.A. Rated Global Scale 'BB+/B', National Scale 'mxa+/mxa-1' Rating Affirmed. Table Of Contents
May 17, 2012 Research Update: Banco Monex S.A. Rated Global Scale 'BB+/B', National Scale 'mxa+/mxa-1' Rating Affirmed Primary Credit Analyst: Arturo Sanchez, Mexico City (52) 55-5081-4468;arturo_sanchez@standardandpoors.com
More informationInsurer Mapfre Ratings Raised To 'A' On Spain Upgrade; Outlook Stable
Research Update: Insurer Mapfre Ratings Raised To 'A' On Spain Upgrade; Outlook Stable Primary Credit Analyst: Marco Sindaco, London (44) 20-7176-7095; marco.sindaco@standardandpoors.com Secondary Contact:
More informationVienna Insurance Group AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe
Summary: Vienna Insurance Group AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe Primary Credit Analyst: Johannes Bender, Frankfurt (49) 69-33-999-196; johannes_bender@standardandpoors.com Secondary Contact: Ralf Bender,
More informationSNS REAAL Insurance Operations (SRIO) On Watch Developing After Announced Sale News
Research Update: SNS REAAL Insurance Operations (SRIO) On Watch Developing After Announced Sale News Primary Credit Analyst: Mark D Nicholson, London (44) 20-7176-7991; mark.nicholson@standardandpoors.com
More informationCook County Community College District No. 508 (City Colleges of Chicago). Illinois; General Obligation
Summary: Cook County Community College District No. 508 (City Colleges of Chicago). Illinois; General Primary Credit Analyst: John A Kenward, Chicago (1) 312-233-7003; john.kenward@standardandpoors.com
More informationBusiness Development Bank of Canada 'AAA' Rating Affirmed On Continuing Federal Government Support
Research Update: Business Development Bank of Canada 'AAA' Rating Affirmed On Continuing Federal Government Support Primary Credit Analyst: Bhavini Patel, CFA, Toronto (1) 416-507-2558; bhavini.patel@standardandpoors.com
More informationAEG Power Solutions Downgraded To 'CC' On Intended Debt Restructuring; Outlook Negative
Research Update: AEG Power Solutions Downgraded To 'CC' On Intended Debt Restructuring; Outlook Negative Primary Credit Analyst: Abigail Klimovich, CFA, London (44) 20-7176-3554; abigail.klimovich@standardandpoors.com
More informationLong-Term Rating On Heartland Bank Ltd. Raised To 'BBB'; Outlook Negative
Research Update: Long-Term Rating On Heartland Bank Ltd. Raised To 'BBB'; Outlook Negative Primary Credit Analyst: Nico N DeLange, Sydney (61) 2-9255-9887; nico.delange@standardandpoors.com Secondary Contact:
More informationJapan Housing Finance Agency Series S-1 To S-12 Structured Notes 'AAA (sf)' Ratings Affirmed
Japan Housing Finance Agency Series S-1 To S-12 Structured Notes '' s Affirmed Primary Credit Analyst: Toshiaki Shimizu, Tokyo (81) 3-4550-8302; toshiaki.shimizu@standardandpoors.com Secondary Contact:
More informationIceland-Based Non-Life Insurer Tryggingamidstodin Ratings Affirmed at 'BBB-'; Outlook Stable
Research Update: Iceland-Based Non-Life Insurer Tryggingamidstodin Ratings Affirmed at 'BBB-'; Outlook Stable Primary Credit Analyst: Anna Glennmar, Milan (39) 02-72111-252; anna.glennmar@standardandpoors.com
More informationGemini Securitization Corp., LLC (As Of May 2014)
ABCP Portfolio Data: Gemini Securitization Corp., LLC (As Of May 2014) Primary Credit Analyst: Thomas G Dunn, New York (1) 212-438-1623; thomas.dunn@standardandpoors.com Surveillance Credit Analyst: Marc
More informationFour Ratings Raised From GreatAmerica Leasing Receivables Funding L.L.C.; 10 Ratings Affirmed
Four s Raised From GreatAmerica Leasing Receivables Funding L.L.C.; 10 s Affirmed Primary Credit Analyst: Srabani C Chandra-Lal, New York (1) 212-438-5036; srabani.chandra-lal@standardandpoors.com Secondary
More informationAsia Insurance Co. Ltd.
Primary Credit Analyst: Eunice Tan, Hong Kong (852) 2533-3553; eunice.tan@standardandpoors.com Secondary Contact: Mark Li, Beijing (861) 6569-2998; mark.haihu.li@standardandpoors.com Table Of Contents
More informationSpanish Multi-Cedulas Rating Actions As Of Aug. 2, 2012
Spanish Multi-Cedulas Rating Actions As Of Aug. 2, 2012 Covered Bonds Frankfurt: Karlo S Fuchs, Analytical Manager, Frankfurt (49) 69-33-999-156; karlo_fuchs@standardandpoors.com Covered Bonds London:
More informationResearch Update: Danish Mortgage Bank DLR Kredit A/S Assigned 'BBB+/A-2' Ratings. Table Of Contents
May 31, 2012 Research Update: Danish Mortgage Bank DLR Kredit A/S Assigned 'BBB+/A-2' Ratings Primary Credit Analyst: Per Tornqvist, Stockholm (46) 8-440-5904;per_tornqvist@standardandpoors.com Secondary
More informationSirius International Group Outlook Revised To Stable On Plans To Retain Its Strategy Post Acquisition; Ratings Affirmed
Research Update: Sirius International Group Outlook Revised To Stable On Plans To Retain Its Strategy Post Acquisition; Ratings Affirmed Primary Credit Analyst: Anvar Gabidullin, CFA, London (44) 20-7176-7047;
More informationS&P LTVC Global Index Methodology
S&P LTVC Global Index Methodology S&P Dow Jones Indices: Index Methodology January 2016 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Index Construction 4 Index Universe 4 Constituent Selection 5 Index Maintenance
More informationR.V.I. Guaranty Co. Ltd. And Subsidiaries 'BBB' Ratings Affirmed After Insurance Criteria Change; The Outlook Is Stable
Research Update: R.V.I. Guaranty Co. Ltd. And Subsidiaries 'BBB' Ratings Affirmed After Insurance Criteria Change; The Outlook Is Stable Primary Credit Analyst: David S Veno, New York (1) 212-438-2108;
More informationAEG Power Solutions Downgraded To 'CCC-' On Heightened Risk Of Missing An Interest Payment; Outlook Negative
Research Update: AEG Power Solutions Downgraded To 'CCC-' On Heightened Risk Of Missing An Interest Payment; Outlook Negative Primary Credit Analyst: Abigail Klimovich, CFA, London (44) 20-7176-3554; abigail.klimovich@standardandpoors.com
More informationResearch Update: PRI Pensionsgaranti Mutual Insurance Company Assigned 'A' Ratings; Outlook Stable. Table Of Contents
December 8, 2010 Research Update: PRI Pensionsgaranti Mutual Insurance Company Assigned 'A' Ratings; Outlook Stable Primary Credit Analyst: Anna Glennmar, Milan (39) 02-72111252;anna_glennmar@standardandpoors.com
More informationPolish TV Operator TVN S.A. And Parent Ratings Placed On CreditWatch Positive On Announced Acquisition By Scripps
Research Update: Polish TV Operator TVN S.A. And Parent Ratings Placed On CreditWatch Positive On Announced Acquisition By Scripps Primary Credit Analyst: Florence Devevey, Madrid (34) 91-788-7236; florence.devevey@standardandpoors.com
More informationNew York Life Insurance Co. 'AA+/A-1+' Rating Affirmed On Criteria Review; Outlook Stable
Research Update: New York Life Insurance Co. 'AA+/A-1+' Rating Affirmed On Criteria Review; Outlook Stable Primary Credit Analyst: Michael E Gross, San Francisco (1) 415-371-5003; michael.gross@standardandpoors.com
More informationMethodology: Business Risk/Financial Risk Matrix Expanded
Criteria Corporates General: Methodology: Business Risk/Financial Risk Matrix Expanded Criteria Officer: Mark Puccia, Managing Director, New York (1) 212-438-7233; mark.puccia@standardandpoors.com Table
More informationLloyds Banking Group Life Insurance Operations 'A' Ratings Affirmed And Removed From CreditWatch; Outlook Stable
Research Update: Lloyds Banking Group Life Insurance Operations 'A' Ratings Affirmed And Removed From CreditWatch; Outlook Stable Primary Credit Analyst: Oluwatosin S Adesiyan, London (44) 20-7176-3279;
More informationResidential Real Estate Company Deutsche Wohnen 'BBB+' Ratings Placed On CreditWatch Negative On Conwert Takeover Offer
Research Update: Residential Real Estate Company Deutsche Wohnen 'BBB+' Ratings Placed On CreditWatch Negative On Conwert Takeover Offer Primary Credit Analyst: Marie-Aude Vialle, London (44) 20-7176-3655;
More informationThe Beauty of Simplicity: The S&P 500 Low Volatility High Dividend Index
May 2015 CONTRIBUTOR Priscilla Luk Senior Director Global Research & Design priscilla.luk@spdji.com The Beauty of Simplicity: The Low 1: INTRODUCTION investment strategies have inspired widespread academic
More informationResearch Update: Russia-Based HMS Hydraulic Machines & Systems Group Assigned 'BB-' Corporate Credit Rating; Outlook Stable.
June 16, 2011 Research Update: Russia-Based HMS Hydraulic Machines & Systems Group Assigned 'BB-' Corporate Credit Primary Credit Analyst: Antoine Cornu, Paris (33) 1-4420-6796;antoine_cornu@standardandpoors.com
More informationSelective Insurance Group Inc. And Operating Companies Ratings Affirmed; Outlook Revised To Negative
Research Update: Selective Insurance Group Inc. And Operating Companies Ratings Affirmed; Outlook Revised To Primary Credit Analyst: David S Veno, New York (1) 212-438-2108; david_veno@standardandpoors.com
More informationCentral Texas Regional Mobility Authority; Toll Roads Bridges
Summary: Central Texas Regional Mobility Authority; Toll Roads Bridges Primary Credit Analyst: Todd R Spence, Dallas (1) 214-871-1424; todd.spence@standardandpoors.com Secondary Contact: Peter V Murphy,
More informationMarket Data Analysis - Pacific Life
Research Update: 'A+', Pacific LifeCorp 'BBB+' Ratings Affirmed; Outlook Stable; New Senior Notes Rated 'BBB+' Primary Credit Analyst: Carmi Margalit, CFA, New York (1) 212-438-1000; carmi_margalit@standardandpoors.com
More informationResearch Update: Klabin Ratings Raised To 'BB+' On Improving Financial Profile. Table Of Contents
December 8, 2010 Research Update: Klabin Ratings Raised To 'BB+' On Improving Financial Profile Primary Credit Analyst: Reginaldo Takara, Sao Paulo (55) 11 3039-9740;reginaldo_takara@standardandpoors.com
More informationSwedbank Outlook Revised To Stable From Negative On Improved Business Position; Ratings Affirmed At 'A+/A-1'
Research Update: Swedbank Outlook Revised To Stable From Negative On Improved Business Position; Ratings Primary Credit Analyst: Alexander Ekbom, Stockholm (46) 8-440-5911; alexander.ekbom@standardandpoors.com
More informationChina Life Insurance Co. Ltd.
December 30, 2010 China Life Insurance Co. Ltd. Primary Credit Analyst: Eunice Tan, Hong Kong (852) 2533 3553; eunice_tan@standardandpoors.com Secondary Contact: Ryan Tsang, CFA, Hong Kong (852) 2533-3532;
More informationMolibdenos y Metales 'BBB-' Rating Affirmed On Improving Leverage, Outlook Still Stable
Research Update: Molibdenos y Metales 'BBB-' Rating Affirmed On Improving Leverage, Outlook Still Stable Primary Credit Analyst: Diego H Ocampo, Buenos Aires (54) 114-891-2124; diego.ocampo@standardandpoors.com
More informationKuwait Projects Co. (Holding) Affirmed At 'BBB-/A-3'; Outlook Stable
Research Update: Kuwait Projects Co. (Holding) Affirmed At 'BBB-/A-3'; Outlook Stable Primary Credit Analyst: Per Karlsson, Stockholm (46) 8-440-5927; per.karlsson@standardandpoors.com Secondary Contact:
More informationTri-Township Consolidated School Building Corp., Indiana Tri-Township Consolidate School Corp.; School State Program
Summary: Tri-Township Consolidated School Building Corp., Indiana Tri-Township Consolidate School Corp.; School State Program Primary Credit Analyst: Ryan Schultz, Chicago (1) 312-233-7066; ryan.schultz@standardandpoors.com
More informationLloyds Banking Group Life Insurance Operations 'A' Ratings Affirmed; Outlook Negative
Research Update: Lloyds Banking Group Life Insurance Operations 'A' Ratings Affirmed; Outlook Negative Primary Credit Analyst: Oliver Herbert, London (44) 20-7176-7054; oliver.herbert@standardandpoors.com
More informationSul America Upgraded To 'BBB-' And Sul America Companhia Nacional de Seguros To 'BBB+' Under New Criteria Review
Research Update: Sul America Upgraded To 'BBB-' And Sul America Companhia Nacional de Seguros To 'BBB+' Under New Criteria Review Primary Credit Analyst: Suzane M Iamamoto, Sao Paulo (55) 11-3039-9728;
More informationASR Nederland NV Assigned 'BBB+' Rating; Ratings On Core Insurance Operations Affirmed; Outlook Stable
Research Update: ASR Nederland NV Assigned 'BBB+' Rating; Ratings On Core Insurance Operations Affirmed; Primary Credit Analyst: Oliver Herbert, London (44) 20-7176-7054; oliver.herbert@standardandpoors.com
More informationElectricity Transmission System Operator TenneT's Hybrid Equity Content Revised To Intermediate; 'A-' Ratings Affirmed
Research Update: Electricity Transmission System Operator TenneT's Hybrid Equity Content Revised To Intermediate; 'A-' Ratings Affirmed Primary Credit Analyst: Beatrice de Taisne, CFA, London (44) 20-7176-3938;
More informationSouth Padre Island, Texas; General Obligation
Summary: South Padre Island, Texas; General Obligation Primary Credit Analyst: Jim Tchou, New York (1) 212-438-3821; jim.tchou@standardandpoors.com Secondary Contact: Sarah L Smaardyk, Dallas (1) 214-871-1428;
More informationS&P DOW JONES INDICES AND MSCI ANNOUNCE FURTHER REVISIONS TO THE GLOBAL INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION STANDARD (GICS ) STRUCTURE IN 2016
S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND MSCI ANNOUNCE FURTHER REVISIONS TO THE GLOBAL INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION STANDARD (GICS ) STRUCTURE IN 2016 New York, November 2, 2015 - S&P Dow Jones Indices, a leading provider
More informationNationale Borg Group Outlook Revised To Developing On Uncertainties Related To Sale News; 'A-' Ratings Affirmed
Research Update: Nationale Borg Group Outlook Revised To Developing On Uncertainties Related To Sale News; 'A-' Ratings Affirmed Primary Credit Analyst: Thomas Benhamou, London (44) 20-7176-3216; thomas.benhamou@standardandpoors.com
More informationBertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA's Hybrid Equity Content Revised To "Intermediate"; 'BBB+/A-2' Ratings Affirmed
Research Update: Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA's Hybrid Equity Content Revised To "Intermediate"; 'BBB+/A-2' Ratings Affirmed Primary Credit Analyst: Florence Devevey, Madrid (34) 91-788-7236; florence.devevey@standardandpoors.com
More information