Agricultural and forestry machinery Safety of log splitters

Transcription

1 BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 609-1:1999 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Agricultural and forestry machinery Safety of log splitters Part 1: Wedge splitters The European Standard EN 609-1:1999, with the incorporation of amendment A1:2003, has the status of a British Standard ICS

2 BS EN 609-1:1999 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 609-1:1999, including amendment A1:2003. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AGE/29, Agricultural and forestry machinery, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index or by using the Search facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 September 1999 Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments BSI 7 April April 2004 Replacement of Clause 4.5 ISBN

3 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN March A1 December 2003 ICS English version Agricultural and forestry machinery Safety of log splitters Part 1: Wedge splitters (includes amendment A1:2003) Matériel agricole et forestier Sécurité des fendeuses de bûches Partie 1: Fendeuses à coin (inclut l amendement A1: 2003) Land- und Forstmaschinen Sicherheit von Holzspaltmaschinen Teil 1: Keilspaltmaschinen (enthält Änderung A1:2003) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 February 1999; amendment A1 was approved by CEN on 3 November CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 609-1: A1:2003 E

4 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Annex A is normative and contains the List of hazards. Foreword to amendment A1 This document (EN 609-1:1999/prA1:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This amendment to the European Standard EN 609-1:1999 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). This amendment replaces Clause 4.5 Log support. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 Introduction 3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions wedge splitter 4 4 Safety requirements Electrical equipment Safety and reliability of control systems Starting and stopping Hydraulic equipment Holding devices Guarding of the splitting zone Return movement of the splitting wedge Stability Additional requirements for vertical wedge splitters Guarding of mechanical drives 6 5 Verification of safety requirements 8 6 Information for use Marking Warning notices Instruction handbook 9 Annex A (normative) List of hazards 10 Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives 14 2 BSI 7 April 2004

5 Introduction The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard. In addition, machinery shall comply as appropriate with EN and EN for hazards which are not covered by this standard. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies safety requirements, and their verification, for the design and construction of wedge splitters, designed to be used by one operator for splitting wood, irrespective of the nature of the power source used. On a dual purpose circular saw for a firewood/log splitting machine only the log splitter part of the machine is covered by this standard. For circular saws for firewood see pren :1997. This standard describes methods for the elimination or reduction of risks arising from their use. In addition, it specifies the type of information on safe working practices to be provided by the manufacturer. The list of significant hazards dealt with is given in Annex A. Annex A also indicates the hazards which have not been dealt with. This European Standard applies primarily to machines which are manufactured after the date of issue of the standard. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. EN 574:1996, Safety of machinery Two-hand control devices Functional aspects Principles for design. EN 953:1997, Safety of machinery Guards General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards. EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systems Part 1: General principles for design. EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components Hydraulics. EN 1088:1995, Safety of machinery Interlocking devices associated with guards Principles for design and selection. EN :1992, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 1: General requirements. EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code). EN :1992, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 4: Contactors and motor-starters Section 1: Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters. EN :1991, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 5: Control circuit devices and switching elements Section 1: Electromechanical control circuit devices. pren 1553:1998, Agricultural machinery Agricultural self-propelled, mounted, semi-mounted and trailed machines Common safety requirements. pren :1997, Safety of woodworking machines Circular sawing machines Part 6: Firewood sawing machine/circular saw bench with manual loading and/or unloading. BSI 7 April

6 pren 12965:1997, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry Power take-off drive shafts and their guards Safety. HD 21.1 S1:1997, Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V Part 1: General requirements. HD 22.1 S3:1997, Rubber insulated cables Rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V Part 1: General requirements. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this European Standard the definitions given in EN apply together with the following definition. 3.1 wedge splitter a log splitting machine in which the log is pressed against a fixed plate by means of a splitting wedge (see Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 for examples), or in which a log is split by being pressed against a fixed splitting wedge by a pressure plate. 4 Safety requirements 4.1 Electrical equipment The electrical equipment of electrically driven machines shall comply with EN The degree of protection of all electrical components shall be a minimum of IP 54 in accordance with EN See 6.3s) for the use of PRCD. 4.2 Safety and reliability of control systems Control systems shall be at least category 1 according to EN 954-1:1996, For the purpose of this standard, safety related control systems means the system from and including the initial manual control or position detector to the point of input to the final actuator or element, e.g. motor. Safety related control systems of this machine include the following: starting; normal stopping; interlocking devices; interlocking devices with guard locking. For the purpose of this standard well tried according to EN means: a) for electrical components, that they comply with the relevant standards such as: EN :1991 (Section 3) for control switches with positive opening operation used as mechanically actuated position detectors for interlocking guards and for relays used in auxiliary circuits; EN for electromechanical contactors and motor starters used in main circuits; HD 22.1 S3 for rubber insulated cables; HD 21.1 S1 for polyvinyl chloride insulated cables if these cables are additionally protected against mechanical damage by positioning (e.g. inside frames); b) for electrical principles, that they comply with the first four measures listed in EN :1992, The circuits shall be hardwired. Electronic components alone do not fulfil category 1; c) for mechanical components, that they comply with EN 292-2:1991, 3.5; d) for mechanically actuated position detectors for guards, that they are actuated in the positive mode and their arrangement/fastening and cam design/mounting comply with EN 1088:1995, and 5.3; e) for interlocking devices with guard locking, that they are a minimum of type 3 according to EN 1088:1995, Table 1; f) for hydraulic components and systems, that they comply with EN BSI 7 April 2004

7 4.3 Starting and stopping On electrically driven machines, a control device for starting and stopping the machine shall be provided within the reach of the operator when he is in the operating position. On machines not powered by electricity, the engine start and stop control or the tractor start and stop control are regarded as the operator s controls for starting and stopping the machine. 4.4 Hydraulic equipment Hydraulic equipment shall comply with EN 982. Pressurized hoses, lines and components shall be located or shielded so that, in the event of rupture, the fluid cannot be discharged directly onto the operator when in the operating position. 4.5 Holding devices Log holding device A device aimed at holding the log prior to the splitting process shall be provided. This device shall be designed to allow the log to be split without requiring it to be held in position by touching with hands or feet Log parts holding device during and after splitting A device shall also prevent the log, or parts of it, from falling onto the operator when he is in the operating position during and after the splitting process. The devices described in and can be combined. 4.6 Guarding of the splitting zone During the splitting process, the splitting zone shall be guarded by one of the following methods. a) Use of an interlocking guard with guard locking; it shall not be possible to open the guard if the splitting process is not complete and if pressure is being applied to the splitting wedge/pressure plate in the splitting direction. See Figure 3 for example. b) Layout of the manual controls so that the operator cannot be caught between the pressure plate and the splitting wedge, or between the log and the splitting wedge, the pressure plate or other parts of the machine. This requirement is satisfied by using two-hand controls (see EN 574:1996, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4 and 9.6) which conform to all of the following: the two-hand controls shall be of the hold-to-run type, i.e. the splitting process is stopped if either manual control is released; and the wedge/pressure plate shall not return to the starting position if one manual control is in the On position; and it shall be impossible to start the splitting process inadvertently or to operate both manual controls simultaneously with one hand or arm or with other parts of the body (see EN 574:1996, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4 and 9.6); and the controls shall be laid out in such a way that the operator has an unobstructed view of the splitting zone (see Figure 1 and Figure 2). 4.7 Return movement of the splitting wedge On machines where the wedge moves, the operator shall be protected against trapping hazards which arise between a log jammed on the wedge and parts of the machine as the wedge returns to the starting position. Protection can be achieved by one of the following measures. Control of the return movement of the wedge by means of two-hand controls of the hold-to-run type; these may be the controls used to control the splitting process. The requirements in 4.6 of this standard shall be met. Automatic stopping of the wedge by a device (e.g. a touch bar, see Figure 1) which is actuated by the jammed log. The force needed to actuate the device shall not exceed 50 N. 4.8 Stability The machine shall be of an adequate stable design. The machine shall have a bearing surface which transmits to the ground a maximum pressure of 400 kpa. BSI 7 April

8 The machine shall be designed to be stable when parked according to the instruction handbook [see 6.3e)] and meet whichever of the following tests offers the greater margin of stability: a) the machine shall not turn over when it is placed on a horizontal hard surface, e.g. concrete, and subjected to an inclination of 8,5 in any direction; b) the machine shall not turn over when it is placed on a horizontal hard surface, e.g. concrete, and subjected to a horizontal force of 300 N applied in all directions at a point mm from the ground or at the highest point of the machine whichever is the smallest. 4.9 Additional requirements for vertical wedge splitters In order to prevent foot injuries to the operator, on vertical wedge splitters where the support plate stands directly on the ground, the plate shall: extend forward at least 100 mm beyond the front edge of the wedge; and be at least 50 mm in height. (See Figure 1.) 4.10 Guarding of mechanical drives The guarding of power transmission from an external power source (e.g. a tractor) to the log splitter shall comply with pren 1553:1998, and pren To ensure protection against hazards related to accessible moving power transmission parts, the machine shall be fitted with guards complying with EN 953. Key 1 1st control of two-hand control 2 2nd control of two-hand control 3 touch bar for return movement (see 4.7) 4 log support Figure 1 Vertical wedge splitter 6 BSI 7 April 2004

9 Key 1 fixed wedge 2 movable pressure plate 3 two-hand controls 4 log support Figure 2 Horizontal wedge splitter with fixed wedge Key 1 fixed wedge 2 movable pressure plate 3 interlocking guard Figure 3 Wedge splitter with interlocking guard BSI 7 April

10 5 Verification of safety requirements Compliance with safety requirements shall be verified according to Table 1. Table 1 Safety requirements and testing method Safety requirements according to subclause 6 Information for use Testing method Inspection Function test Measurement Reference 4.1 Electrical equipment X X X EN Safety and reliability of control systems X X 4.3 Starting and stopping X X 4.4 Hydraulic equipment X X 4.5 Log support X X 4.6 Guarding of the splitting zone X X 4.7 Return movement of the splitting wedge X X 4.8 Stability X X 4.9 Additional requirements for vertical wedge X X splitters 4.10 Guarding of mechanical drives X NOTE Inspection = looking at the machine to see it is all there Function test = a check on the normal operation of the machine/component to see that is performs as specified Measurement = determining a value by using some form of device or instrument 6.1 Marking All log splitters shall be legibly and indelibly marked with the following minimum information: name and address of the manufacturer; year of construction; designation of series or type; serial number, if any; mass of the machine. In addition, the following information shall be marked where applicable: nominal electrical data; nominal rotation frequency and direction of rotation of the power input connection (marked by an arrow); maximum permissible hydraulic oil operating pressure. 6.2 Warning notices Warnings shall be given of the hazards arising from unguarded moving parts. The use of readily understood pictograms for such warnings is to be preferred. Text may be used as an alternative or to supplement the use of pictograms. Such text shall be in one of the languages of the country in which the machine is to be used. On request the warning notices shall also be supplied in other languages understood by the operator. The following warnings are required for all types of splitting machines: Danger! Keep clear of moving parts! To be operated by one person only! For machines not powered by electricity the following warning notice shall be provided: Wear hearing protection! 8 BSI 7 April 2004

11 6.3 Instruction handbook The instruction handbook shall contain all the information necessary for the safe operation, maintenance, transport and storage of the machine. The contents of the instruction handbook shall comply with EN 292-2:1991, 5.5. The instruction handbook supplied with the splitting machine shall be in a language of the user s country. The warnings contained in 6.2 shall be explained in the instruction handbook and attention shall be drawn to the following information concerning commissioning, maintenance and use: a) the need for operators to receive necessary training and instruction; b) the maximum and minimum size of logs to be split; c) the removal of logs jammed on the wedge; d) the connection to, and disconnection of the machine from the tractor (if applicable); e) precautions for transport and storage; f) that the machine is designed for one person operation; g) the correct selection of suitable personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety footwear, close fitting clothing and suitable work gloves, eye protection and hearing protection; h) tests of the machine s safety devices; i) that before starting work, hydraulic pipes and hoses shall be inspected and the stopping devices shall be tested; j) selection and preparation of a suitable working area free from obstructions; k) the need to keep the working area free from obstructions, e.g. logs, split wood etc.; l) checks on the functioning of the machine; m) the need to stop the machine before cleaning or making adjustments; n) not leaving the machine unattended when running; o) the operating speed of the machine (power take-off, if applicable); p) the hazards arising from particular characteristics of wood when being split (e.g. knots, logs of irregular shape etc.); q) how the logs are to be inserted to minimize hazards arising during the splitting process; r) not reaching into the splitting zone; s) for electrically driven splitters the use of a portable residual current device (PRCD) if a residual current device (RCD) with a maximum residual current of 0,03 A is not provided in the electrical system. BSI 7 April

12 Annex A (normative) List of hazards Table A.1 gives the list of hazards based on EN 292-1:1991 and EN 292-2:1991 and EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995, Annex A. Table A.2 gives the list of hazards due to the mobility of the machine. The meaning of the different statements given in the last column (solution given by this standard) of this table is: not relevant : the hazard is not significant for the machine; dealt with : the hazard is significant. The measures given in the indicated clauses provide guidance for dealing with the hazard in accordance with the principles of safety integration of EN and EN 292-2; that means: elimination or reduction of the risk by design, as far as possible; protection measures; information for the residual risks; partly dealt with : the hazard is significant for several parts of the machine. The measures given in the indicated clauses deal with this hazard for some of these parts. In the other parts where the hazard is significant, other measures, not included in this standard, will have to be applied in order to deal with this hazard; not dealt with : the hazard is significant for the machine but has not been taken into account during the preparation of this European Standard. Table A.1 List of hazards Hazards Relevant clauses (informative) Solutions given by EN EN this standard 1 Mechanical hazards, caused for example by: 4.2 shape; relative location; mass and stability (potential energy of elements); mass and velocity (kinetic energy of elements); inadequacy of the mechanical strength; accumulation of potential energy by: elastic elements (springs); or liquids or gases under pressure; or vacuum of the machine parts or workpieces 1.1 crushing hazard 4.2.1, , 4.6, 4.7, shearing hazard 4.2.1, , cutting or severing hazard 4.2.1, , 4.7, entanglement hazard 4.2.1, drawing-in or trapping hazard , 4.1.1, impact hazard stabbing or puncture hazard friction or abrasion hazard b) not relevant 1.9 high pressure fluid injection hazard ejection of parts (of machinery and processed material/workpieces) BSI 7 April 2004

13 Table A.1 List of hazards (continued) Hazards Relevant clauses (informative) Solutions given by this standard EN EN loss of stability (of machinery and machine , parts) 1.12 slip, trip and fall hazards in relationship with machinery (because of their mechanical nature) 2 Electrical hazards, caused for example by: electrical contact (direct or indirect) electrostatic phenomena 4.3 not relevant 2.3 thermal radiation or other phenomena such 4.3 not relevant as ejection of molten particles, and chemical effects from short-circuits, overloads etc. 2.4 external influences on electrical equipment Thermal hazards resulting in: burns and scalds, by a possible contact of 4.4 not relevant persons, by flames or explosions and also by the radiation of heat sources 3.2 health-damaging effects by hot or cold work 4.4 not relevant environment 4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting in: hearing losses (deafness), other , 6.3 physiological disorders (e.g. loss of balance, loss of awareness) 4.2 interference with speech communication, 4.5 not relevant acoustic signals, etc. 5 Hazards generated by vibration (resulting not dealt with in a variety of neurological and vascular disorders) 6 Hazards generated by radiation, especially 4.7 by: 6.1 electrical arcs not relevant 6.2 lasers not relevant 6.3 ionizing radiation sources 4.7 not relevant 6.4 machines making use of high frequency not relevant electromagnetic fields 7 Hazards generated by materials and b) substances processed, used or exhausted by machinery for example: 7.1 hazards resulting from contact with or 4.8 not relevant inhalation of harmful fluids, gases, mists, fumes and dusts 7.2 fire or explosion hazard 4.8 not relevant 7.3 biological and microbiological (viral or bacterial) hazards 4.8 not relevant BSI 7 April

14 Table A.1 List of hazards (continued) Hazards Relevant clauses (informative) Solutions given by this standard EN EN Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machine design (mismatch of machinery with human characteristics and abilities) caused for example by: 8.1 unhealthy postures or excessive efforts , not dealt with 8.2 inadequate consideration of human not relevant hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy 8.3 neglected use of personal protection , 6.3 equipment 8.4 inadequate area lighting not relevant 8.5 mental overload or underload, stress, etc not relevant 8.6 human error , Hazard combinations 4.10 not relevant 10 Hazards caused by failure of energy supply, breaking down of machinery parts and other functional disorders, for example: 10.1 failure of energy supply (of energy and/or , 4.2 control circuits) 10.2 unexpected ejection of machine parts or 3.8, 4 4.4, 4.5 fluids 10.3 failure, malfunction of control system 3.15, 3.16, (unexpected start up, unexpected overrun) 10.4 errors of fitting overturn, unexpected loss of machine stability 11 Hazards caused by (temporary) missing 4 and/or incorrect positioned safety related measures/means, for example: 11.1 all kinds of guard all kinds of safety related (protection) , 4.7 devices 11.3 starting and stopping devices , safety signs and signals 3.6.7, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, all kinds of information or warning devices , 6.2, energy supply disconnecting devices emergency devices 6.1 not relevant 11.8 feeding/removal means of workpieces 3.11 not relevant 11.9 essential equipment and accessories for safe adjusting and/or maintaining 3.3, , 6.2.1, 6.2.3, equipment evacuating gases, etc. not relevant BSI 7 April 2004

15 Table A.2 List of hazards due to mobility Hazards 12 Unsuitable lighting of moving/working area not relevant 13 Hazards due to sudden movement, instability etc. during 4.8 handling 14 Unsuitable/inergonomic design of driving/operating position 14.1 Hazards due to dangerous environments (contact with moving not relevant parts, exhaust gases etc.) 14.2 Inadequate visibility from driver s/operator s position not relevant 14.3 Inadequate seat/seating (seat index point) not relevant 14.4 Inadequate/inergonomic design/positioning of controls not relevant 14.5 Starting/moving of machinery not relevant 14.6 Traffic of machinery Movement of pedestrian controlled machinery not relevant 15 Mechanical hazards 15.1 Hazards to exposed persons due to uncontrolled movement not relevant 15.2 Hazards due to break-up and/or ejection of parts not relevant 15.3 Hazards due to rolling over (deflection limiting volume; DLV) not relevant 15.4 Hazards due to falling objects (DLV) not relevant 15.5 Inadequate means of access not relevant 15.6 Hazards caused due to towing, coupling, connecting, 4.10 transmission etc Hazards due to batteries, fire, emissions of dust and gases etc. not relevant Solutions given by this standard BSI 7 April

16 Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s): Machinery Directive 98/37/EEC. WARNING. Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard. Clause 4, Clause 5 and Clause 6 of this standard are likely to support requirements of Directives. Compliance with this standard provides one means of conforming with the specific essential requirements of the Directive concerned and associated EFTA regulations. 14 BSI 7 April 2004

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