WHEN THE HUNTER BECOMES THE HUNTED HUNTING DOWN BOTNETS USING NETWORK TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
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1 WHEN THE HUNTER BECOMES THE HUNTED HUNTING DOWN BOTNETS USING NETWORK TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
2 /ABOUT/ME Thomas Chopitea - Incident Digital forensics & incident response (#DFIR), malware analysis, recent member of the Honeynet Project Blog: Also: we're hiring!
3 /ABOUT/THETALK Common IR problems What is Malcom and how it leverages network traffic analysis and OSINT to solve them Malcom vs. botnets (demos, yay!) How you can use Malcom to deal with these problems How you can help Malcom grow stronger
4 I HAVE A LOT OF PROBLEMS
5 PROBLEM #1 KILL THE MALWARE
6 PROBLEM #1: KILL THE MALWARE I need to: Enumerate domain names / IP addresses Identify resources (gates, dropzones, configs, etc.) Gather exchanged data (Configuration files? Stolen data?)
7 PROBLEM #1: KILL THE MALWARE So I can: Alert the owners of stolen info & send takedown requests Build threat intelligence (so that I can refer to it later) Start incident remediation
8 NOT SURE IF CRITICAL PROBLEM #2 OR JUST ANOTHER STRAIN OF ZEUS
9 PROBLEM #2: WTF IS THIS? Sure, I could: Do an antivirus scan on it and get Troj/Gen Suspicious Reverse engineer it (3 samples a day? yeah right) Obvs: run it in a sandbox and do some behavioral analysis x-ref network artifacts against public blacklists
10 PROBLEM #3 I NEED TO DO IT FAST ('cause incidents keep popping up)
11 PROBLEM #3: GOGOGO Don't want: start Wireshark, text editor, snort, tcpflow, foremost, etc. Want: Drop my malware in a VM, and quickly know: its behavior (which family does that?) its peers (send the drones!) Rinse & repeat: Maybe get more intel, save the data to get results faster next time
12 YOU GUESSED IT MALCOM SOLVES MOST OF THESE PROBLEMS
13 MALCOM? Mal ware communications analyzer Available on GitHub:
14 WHAT IS MALCOM? THREAT INTEL + MALWARE ANALYSIS Gather intelligence on network artifacts by syphoning the internet (and other sources) Match that intel with artifacts issued from ongoing malware analysis Identify targets, draw conclusions, act FAST!
15 WHAT IS MALCOM? 1 SLIDE ON ARCHITECTURE & FEATURES Python, scapy, mongodb (buzzword alert!), flask/ bootstrap / d3js. Meant to be virtualised. Three modules: Analytics & correlation engine Feeding engine Web interface Element types and tags Each element has an analysis function Each element is tagged according to its context
16 OPERATIONAL THE ONLY THING I HAD IN MIND Quickly yield actionnable intelligence Other techniques may lead to more accurate / complete information, but I don't have enough time! Also, I wanted a visual tool
17 RECURRING TASK #1 "IS THIS [ARTIFACT] SOMETHING WE SHOULD WORRY ABOUT?" OSINT search for artifact: CBLs, blacklists, etc. Malcom gathers all badness in a single spot Easy to query, easy to hop from artifact to artifact
18 RECURRING TASK #2 "I HAVE RECEIVED THE FOLLOWING 0-DAY APT ATTACHMENT. IS IT MALICIOUS?" Yes/no/maybe/I don't know: throw it in a sandbox already! If you do this often, you probably already have a sandbox with all the proper tools ready to use. That's ok. Your sandbox Malcom the Internetz Put Malcom in front of a? Cuckoo
19 RECURRING TASK #3 "WHO DO I HAVE TO SEND THIS ABUSE TO?" Malcom will graph a host's network comms in real-time You can also store them for later use, and replay them (PCAP) You'll instantly know if you're dealing with one or many C&Cs, a P2P network, fast-flux architecture, or DGAs. And cross-reference them with stuff it already knows You'll know if you (or someone) has run into the same artifacts
20 ENOUGH DEMO TIME. (fingers crossed)
21 DEMOS Show how Malcom graphs several types of communication C&C infrastructure Single and double fast-flux Domain flux (DGA) P2P botnets
22 C&C INFRASTRUCTURE C&C == CnC == C2 IRC HTTP Google / Facebook / Wikipedia ping Fetch a configuration file from a central C&C server Pony + Zeus Demo DEMO! Countermeasures Quickly identify the malicious host. Strange domain name? Non-standard encryption? Weird file transfers? Strange x509 certificates? Dig into database Demo on CERTSG's Malcom
23 FLUXING 'Flux' == 'change' Domain flux Domain generation algorithms DEMO! Single and double fast-flux Can be painful to manually sort everything out Single FF: flux on the domains' A records. DEMO! Double FF: flux on domain A records and NS records DEMO!
24 PEER-TO-PEER Very resilient! No real single point of failure Taking these down usually involves cracking their protocol and hijacking the botnet In these cases, there's not much Malcom can do, besides: Giving the initial peers' IP addresses Pinpointing the "fallback" C&C used by the bot PHP.net pwnage dropping ZeroAccess DEMO!
25 SOUNDS COOL! WHY SHOULD I TRY IT OUT?
26 EASY TO CUSTOMIZE You choose which sources Malcom will feed off Internal / community / external data Easy to create a feed Can read anything Python can! Elements have individual refresh rates Important stuff gets refreshed more often Easy to add new element types ( s, IDs, specific hashes, etc.)
27 SHARING IS CARING Share incident data! You know how valuable it is Open your Malcom instance to the world, let people feed off you With another Malcom instance or any other tool JSON feed for now, more formats soon API key enables access to specific tags (testing)
28 I still have 5 minutes left... ROADMAP - FEATURES Yara rules in flows payload Identify PEs, shellcode, nopsleds, etc. Application layer identified? automatic payoad extraction Compare communication patterns with known patterns (automatically) Comms on non-standard ports, HELLO packets, etc. Broids / suricata? Pcap2bubbles Webservice to bubbleize your pcaps Early early beta (not multiuser)
29 BACKEND Make it less hack all the things Work on UI to add rules, feeds, etc. Use redis to synchronize processes Some performance improvements are in the scope
30 WANT TO HELP? Python / flask enthusiast Mongodb enthusiast Web / websockets / D3.js enthusiast (please!) Poke around: (the dev branch has waaay more features)
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