Fundamentals of Java Programming

Transcription

1 Fundamentals of Java Programming This document is exclusive property of Cisco Systems, Inc. Permission is granted to print and copy this document for non-commercial distribution and exclusive use by instructors in the Fundamentals of Java Programming course as part of an official Cisco Networking Academy Program.

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS FUNDAMENTALS OF JAVA PROGRAMMING...1 Target Audience...3 Prerequisites...3 Course Description...3 Course Objectives...3 Lab Requirements...4 Certification Alignment...4 Course Overview...5 Course Outline...10 Module 1: What is Java?...10 Module 2: Object-Oriented Programming...11 Module 3: Java Language Elements...12 Module 4: Java Language Operators and Control Structures...13 Module 5: Basics of Defining and Using Classes...14 Module 6: System, String, StringBuffer, Math, and Wrapper Classes...16 Module 7: Arrays...17 Module 8: Classes and Inheritance...17 Module 9: Understanding Packages...18 Module 10: Creating GUIs Using AWT...19 Module 11: Applets and Graphics...19 Module 12: Exceptions...20 Module 13: Files, Streams, Input and Output...21 Module 14: Collections...22 Module 15: Threads...22 Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

3 Target Audience Prerequisites Academy Students. Participants should have a Reading Age Level (RAL) of 13, basic computer literacy, including the use of application software such as word-processors, spreadsheets and or databases, and understanding of the Internet. Prior familiarity with elementary programming concepts, such as storing of data in variables and control logic, is desirable but not required. Course Description The Fundamentals of Java Programming Language course provides a conceptual understanding of Object Oriented programming. The course also teaches students how to use the JAVA language s object oriented technologies to solve business problems. Students will learn how to create classes, objects, and applications using the language. Topics also include the language fundamentals, the Java language API (application programming interface). Additionally, the course will address the demand for training and preparation for the Sun Certified Programmer for Java 2 Platform. Course Objectives Upon completion of this course, students will: Understand the history and current use of Objected- Oriented programming and the Java language to solve business problems. Understand concepts of Object, class, instance, member data/fields, member attributes/methods, and local variables. Understand the Java Environment and use of the Java Development Kit for the creation and execution of java programs from java source files. Apply java language keywords, and syntax to create statements for declaring and storing java data types. Understand the result of operations and decision-making on java data types, using any operator or method. Create statements for data operations, decision-making, class definition, object constructors, method definitions and method invocation. Use the online documentation for the Java 2 Platform, API Specification. Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

4 Implement the Javadoc features in their source files to document their classes. Write code that implements OO principles and design patterns of encapsulation, composition and inheritance. Write code to invoke overridden or overloaded methods and parental or overloaded constructors, and be able to describe the effect of invoking these methods. Design and construct instances of any concrete class including normal top-level classes, inner classes, static inner classes, and anonymous inner classes. Write code to define, instantiate classes of the java.lang, java.util, java.awt, java.io packages. Lab Requirements Software Download the BlueJ java development tool. BlueJ is an integrated Java environment specifically designed for the teaching of java programming. BlueJ is a free download available at The current version of BlueJ is It requires Java 2 SDK v 1.3 or newer, available at Certification Alignment The Fundamentals of Java Language Programming Course will be aligned with, and prepare a student for, the Sun Certified Programmer for Java 2 Platform. The alignment matrix is available in a separate document. Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

5 Course Overview What is Java? Computer basics What is a programming language What is Java The Java Environment Basics A Java program Entering data at runtime for the java program Understanding programming error messages Understanding Java Development environments IDEs Case Study : Banking Application Object Oriented Programming Terminology used in object oriented programming What are objects? Describing objects Object terminology applied to a Java program Introduction to java.lang.system class Java Language Elements Documentation Java language elements Where and when of data storage Concept of data types Syntax Object creation, mutability and destruction Case Study: Banking application Java Language Operators and Control Structures Object operations Numeric data and operations Concepts of Casting and conversion Character and String data Control structures - Decision making and repetition Exploring the java.lang.system class member in and out Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

6 Dissecting sample code Lab activities Basics of Defining and Using Classes A review of class object definitions Four steps to creating objects Encapsulation Attributes (class and instance) Constructors Method types and syntax The variable this Data available in a method Implementing encapsulation using methods Overloading Java type lifespan creation, mutability and destruction System, Strings, StringBuffer, Math and Wrapper classes System class String class StringBuffer class Input selection and repetition using System, String and Stringbuffer classes Wrapper classes Math class Math package Working with dates Midterm test Classes and Inheritance Inheritance and Object Oriented Programming Java language support for inheritance Access modifiers and inheritance Overriding Use of this and super Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

7 Inheritance and constructors Extending classes Interfaces Polymorhpism and dynamic binding Arrays Arrays Declaring and initialize an Array object Initializing Arrays Using Arrays Multidimensional Arrays Understanding Packages Exploring the API packages Packages and names in your programs Accessing packages Packaging your classes Using the AWT Creating GUI Applications Using AWT Reviewing the AWT Steps to create a GUI GUI functionality Creating an applets and graphics Applets Creating an applet Applet and AWT class heirarchies Applet methods Applet Components Applets and Event-driven programming Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

8 Graphic objects Creating Graphic objects Graphics methods Create simple animation Exceptions Idea behind exceptions Types of exceptions How exception handling works Exception objects Dealing with exceptions Defining and using your own exception Structuring a method the execution sequence Overriding exceptions Streams, files and Stream output Understanding files Input and Output classes A how-to for input and output operations Storing Objects in a file Utility classes The java.util package Collections The Collections framework Generating random numbers Threads Threads and Multithreading The Thread class and Runnable interface The lifecycle of a thread Creating and running threads Managing threads Lab exercise Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

9 Final exam Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

10 Course Outline Module 1-15 Outline Module 1: What is Java? 1.1 Computer Basics Overview Hardware Software Applications Operating systems 1.2 What is a Programming Language? Definition of a programming language Switches, ones, and zeros Early programming languages High-level languages Object-oriented programming Basic language elements Differences between languages 1.3 What is Java? Historical background of Java Use of Java as a programming language 1.4 The Java Environment Basics Overview Understanding the Java Virtual Machine How Java programs work on the computer 1.5 A Java Program Organizing resources to create a Java program Understanding the Java 2 Software Development Kit (J2SDK) Elements of a simple Java program Three steps to create and execute a Java program 1.6 Entering Data at Runtime for the Java Program Modifying the HelloStudent program to accept input at runtime 1.7 Understanding Programming Error Messages Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

11 1.7.1 Types of errors in programs Editing a Java program for compiler errors Editing a Java program for runtime errors 1.8 Understanding Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) What is an IDE? Basic editing with the BlueJ IDE The BlueJ tutorial Case Study: The JBANK application Module 2: Object-Oriented Programming 2.1 Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming Procedural versus OOP languages Basic Java terminology 2.2 What are Objects? Introduction to objects Classification of objects Identifying objects Defining classes of objects Creating objects Operating on objects Encapsulation Object relationships Inheritance Object mutability and destruction 2.3 Describing Objects Modeling languages and symbols Basic Class symbol Additional types of UML diagrams 2.4 Object Terminology Applied to a Java Program Class definition Creating objects Object methods 2.5 Introduction to java.lang.system Class System class Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

12 2.6 Case Study: JBANK Application Defining and modeling the JBANK application 2.7 The JavaZOO Introduction to the JavaZOO Objects Data types The main method Instantiation Methods Encapsulation The dot operator Get methods Parameters Set methods Overloaded methods Modifying classes Module 3: Java Language Elements 3.1 Documentation Purpose of documentation Guidelines for documenting classes The javadoc parameters Java language API online documentation Generating API docs for classes using the javadoc tool Case study: JBANK Application 3.2 Java Language Elements Elements introduction Keywords Identifiers Use of braces, semicolons, commas, and white space 3.3 The Where and When of Data Storage Data storage introduction Stack, heap, static, and constant storage Variables and storage locations for data Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

13 3.4 Concept of Data Types Java language types Java primitives and storage requirements Java references Object data (instance) Class data (static) Method data (local) Constants 3.5 Syntax Variables Class Method Constructor Modifiers (public, private, protected, default, static, final) 3.6 Object Creation, Mutability, and Destruction Object creation using constructors Object creation by another class Mutability Garbage collection Finalizers 3.7 Case Study: JBANK Application The JBANK Application Module 4: Java Language Operators and Control Structures 4.1 Object Operations Object operators 4.2 Numeric Data and Operations Assignment operators Arithmetic operators Precedence of operators Associative properties of operators Arithmetic calculations Boolean data Comparison and logical operators Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

14 4.2.8 Conditional operator Bitwise operators 4.3 Concepts of Casting and Conversion Casting and conversion 4.4 Character and String Data Character data type Introduction to String and StringBuffer class 4.5 Control Structures Decision making and repetition Logic If statement Multiple condition if Nested if Switch statements Loop Do while statement While statement For statement Use of break, continue, and label 4.6 Exploring the java.lang.system Class Member In and Out The java.lang.system class 4.7 Dissecting Sample Code Dissecting sample code Module 5: Basics of Defining and Using Classes 5.1 Review A review of class and object definitions 5.2 Four Steps to Creating Objects Designing classes Define a class Create an object Using the object 5.3 Attributes (Class and Instance) Overview Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

15 5.3.2 Variables Instance variables Class data and static variables Immutability 5.4 Encapsulation The concept of encapsulation Access modifiers 5.5 Constructors The constructor process Default constructor Defined constructor 5.6 Method Types and Syntax Method syntax Method body Method name Return value Method arguments Concept of pass-by-value main method Instance methods Class methods 5.7 The Variable this Using this in constructors and methods 5.8 Method Data and Encapsulation Data sources Implementing encapsulation using methods 5.9 Overloading Overloading methods Overloading constructors 5.10 Java Type Lifespan Initializing data Scope of variables Lifetime of an object Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

16 Mutability of an object Destruction of an object Finalizers 5.11 Case Study: JBANK Application The JBANK Application Module 6: System, String, StringBuffer, Math, and Wrapper Classes 6.1 System Class Use of the System class for input and output Input using System.in Output using System.out 6.2 String Class Creating String objects String methods Casting and conversion 6.3 StringBuffer Class Methods 6.4 Input Selection and Repetition Using the Console Class The Console class 6.5 Wrapper Classes Introduction to wrapper classes Classes and their associated methods 6.6 Math Class Static methods 6.7 The math Package Storing numeric data in Objects 6.8 Working with Dates and Random Numbers Creating dates Setting dates Formatting dates Random numbers 6.9 Case Study: JBANK Application The JBANK Application Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

17 Module 7: Arrays 7.1 Arrays Introduction to arrays Variables in arrays Index Arrays of primitives Arrays of objects 7.2 Declaring and Initializing Arrays Declaring arrays Use subscripts to access elements of an array 7.3 Initializing Arrays Array of primitives Array of objects Using initializer blocks 7.4 Using Arrays Accessing array elements Passing an array to a method Parallel arrays Searching and sorting an array Reusing an array 7.5 Multidimensional Arrays Initialization of array objects Traversing a multidimensional array 7.6 Case Study: JBANK Application The JBANK Application Module 8: Classes and Inheritance 8.1 Inheritance and Object-Oriented Programming Inheritance Abstraction The problem of multiple inheritance 8.2 Java Language Support for Inheritance Java language keywords in inheritance Object class Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

18 8.3 Access Modifiers and Inheritance Role of access modifiers in inheritance 8.4 Overriding Method overriding Overriding of Object class methods Overloading versus overriding 8.5 Use of this and super Accessing parent and subclass methods and data 8.6 Inheritance and Constructors Handling constructors in inheritance 8.7 Extending Classes Abstract classes Final classes 8.8 Interfaces What and why of interfaces Implementing interfaces 8.9 Polymorphism, Dynamic Binding, and Virtual Method Invocation Polymorphism Virtual method invocation or dynamic method binding 8.10 Case Study: JBANK Application The JBANK Application Module 9: Understanding Packages 9.1 Java Packages A collection of classes Class loading and how it works Locating explicit package declarations 9.2 Packages and Names in Programs Three effects of packages on object-oriented design Packaging classes 9.3 Accessing Packages Accessing packages 9.4 Case Study: JBANK Application, Building Packages Exploring the API packages Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

19 9.4.2 Creating a Banking package 9.5 Using AWT Understanding the model view controller pattern Applying inheritance concepts The AWT hierarchy 9.6 Case Study: JBANK Application Designing GUIs for JBANK Module 10: Creating GUIs Using AWT 10.1 Reviewing AWT The AWT classes 10.2 Steps to Create a GUI Designing the class Creating the components Selecting containers Layout managers Sizing components and containers Displaying the GUI 10.3 GUI Functionality Event model Event objects Listener classes Adapter classes Inner classes Anonymous classes 10.4 Case Study: JBANK Application The JBANK Application Module 11: Applets and Graphics 11.1 Applets What are applets? Launching applets Applets and security Embedding a Java applet 11.2 Creating an Applet Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

20 Creating an applet 11.3 Applet Class Hierarchies Class hierarchies 11.4 Applet Methods Applet inherited methods Applet lifecycle methods 11.5 GUI Components in Applets GUI components Color Font Other applet methods 11.6 Applets and Event-Driven Programming Applets and event-driven programming 11.7 Graphic Objects Creating Graphics objects Painting and repainting graphics 11.8 Case Study: JBANK Application The JBANK Application Module 12: Exceptions 12.1 Idea Behind Exceptions The limitations of traditional methods of exception handling Error handling in the Java platform 12.2 Types of Exceptions Types of errors 12.3 How Exception Handling Works Throwing and handling exception objects 12.4 Exception Objects Class Throwable Exception and its subclasses RuntimeException class Fatal errors 12.5 Dealing with Exceptions Advertising exceptions Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

21 Handle and declare Using the try-catch block Specifying exceptions Catching multiple exceptions The finally block 12.6 User-defined Exceptions Creating an exception class Using user-defined exceptions Handling user-defined exceptions 12.7 Structuring a Method and the Execution Sequence The order of exception blocks Execution sequence Execution when an exception is thrown Execution when an exception is not caught Nested try blocks Re-throwing exceptions 12.8 Overriding and Exceptions Rules for overriding methods 12.9 Case Study: JBANK Application The JBANK Application Module 13: Files, Streams, Input and Output 13.1 Understanding Files The File class The RandomAccessFile class 13.2 Input and Output Classes I/O class hierarchy Understanding streams Low-level and high-level streams 13.3 Instruction for Input and Output Operations I/O Operations 13.4 Storing Objects in a File Serialization Writing and reading objects Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

22 13.5 Case Study: JBANK Application The JBANK Application Module 14: Collections 14.1 The java.util Package The java.util package 14.2 Collections Understanding collections Collection storage technologies Properties of collections Types of collections 14.3 The Collections Framework Overview Collection interfaces Collection classes Set objects List objects Map objects Iterators Sorting and shuffling list objects 14.4 Case Study: JBANK Application The JBANK Application Module 15: Threads 15.1 Threads and Multi-threading Understanding threads and multi-threading 15.2 The Thread Class and Runnable Interface Thread class Runnable interface Thread class methods 15.3 Creating and Running Threads The run() method Running threads 15.4 The Lifecycle of a Thread Thread states Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v

23 15.5 Managing Threads Blocked state Thread scheduling Stopping threads Synchronization and deadlocks Communication between threads Thread control methods Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. Fundamentals of Java Programming, v