RF Site Studies - Know What Your Printer Can Do

Transcription

1 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES AND STANDARDS

2 Define basic characteristics f Wi-Fi technlgy Range, cverage, and capacity Dynamic rate switching Frequencies/channels used Authenticatin and assciatin Channel reuse and c-lcatin The distributin system and raming Active and passive scanning Infrastructure and ad hc mdes Pwer saving peratin BSSID, SSID, BSS, ESS Data rates and thrughput Prtectin Mechanisms Summarize the basic attributes and advantages f the fllwing WLAN standards and amendments a g n b Identify sme f the uses fr spread spectrum technlgies Wireless LANs Wireless MANs Wireless PANs Wireless WANs Cmprehend the differences between, and explain the different types f spread spectrum technlgies and hw they relate t the IEEE standard s (as amended and including n-draft2.0) PHY clauses Mdulatin Cding Identify and apply the cncepts which make up the functinality f spread spectrum technlgy C-lcatin Thrughput vs. Data Rate Channel Centers and Widths (all PHYs) Bandwidth Primary and Secndary Channels Cmmunicatin Resilience Overlapping and Nn-Overlapping Channels Physical Carrier Sense (CSMA/CA) Carrier Frequencies Virtual Carrier Sense (NAV) RF FUNDAMENTALS Define the basic units f RF measurements. Wireless LANs dbm Wireles dbis PANs Milliwatt (mw) Wireless MANs Decibel (db) Wireless WANs

3 Define and explain the basic cncepts f RF behavir Gain Scattering Delay Spread Lss VSWR Absrptin Reflectin Return Lss Wave prpagatin Refractin Amplificatin Free Space Path Lss Diffractin Attenuatin Identify factrs which affect the range and speed f RF transmissins Line-f-sight requirements Interference (Baby mnitrs, spread spectrum phnes, micrwave vens) Envirnmental factrs Define and differentiate between the fllwing physical layer wireless technlgies HR/DSSS OFDM ERP MIMO Define cncepts which make up the functinality f RF and spread spectrum technlgy OFDM & HR/DSSS channels WLAN / WPAN c-existence C-lcatin f HR/DSSS and OFDM systems CSMA/CA peratin half duplex Adjacent-channel and c-channel interference Identify RF signal characteristics and the applicatins f basic RF antenna cncepts Passive Gain Beamwidths Simple diversity Plarizatin Describe the prper lcatins and methds fr installing RF antennas Ple/mast munt Ceiling munt Wall munt Identify the use f the fllwing WLAN accessries and explain hw t select and install them fr ptimal perfrmance and regulatry dmain cmpliance RF cables RF cnnectrs Lightning Arrestrs and grunding rds

4 RF MATHEMATICS Understand and apply the basic cmpnents f RF mathematics Watt Milliwatt Decibel (db) dbm dbi dbd SNR RSSI System Operating Margin (SOM) Fade Margin Link Budget Intentinal Radiatr Equivalent Istrpically Radiated Pwer (EIRP) RF SIGNAL AND ANTENNA CONCEPTS Identify RF signal characteristics, the applicatins f basic RF antenna cncepts, and the implementatin f slutins that require RF antennas Visual LOS Plarizatin Wavelength RF LOS Simple Antenna Diversity Frequency The Fresnel Zne MIMO Diversity Amplitude Beamwidths Radi Chains Phase Azimuth & Elevatin Spatial Multiplexing (SM) Passive Gain Transmit Beam Frming (TxBF) Istrpic Radiatr Maximal Rati Cmbining (MRC) Explain the applicatins f physical RF antenna and antenna system types and identify their basic attributes, purpse, and functin Omni-directinal / Diple antennas Semi-directinal antennas Highly-directin antennas Sectrized antennas Describe the prper lcatins and methds fr installing RF antennas Ple/mast munt Ceiling munt Wall munt Identify the use f the fllwing WLAN accessries and explain hw t select and install them fr ptimal perfrmance and regulatry dmain cmpliance. Amplifiers Attenuatrs Lightning Arrestrs Munting Systems Grunding Rds/Wires Twers, Safety Equipment, and Cncerns RF Cables RF Cnnectrs RF Signal Splitters

5 SITE SURVEYING Understand and describe the requirements t gather infrmatin prir t the site survey and d reprting after the site survey Gathering business requirements Interviewing managers and users Defining physical and data security requirements Gathering site-specific dcumentatin Dcumenting existing netwrk characteristics Identifying infrastructure cnnectivity and pwer requirements Understanding RF cverage requirements Client cnnectivity requirements Antenna use cnsideratins Understanding data capacity and client density requirements VWiFi cnsideratins fr delay and jitter Client cnnectivity requirements Antenna use cnsideratins Aesthetics requirements Tracking system cnsideratins WIPS sensr cnsideratins Define and differentiate between the fllwing WLAN system architectures and understand site survey cncepts related t each architecture. Identify and explain best practices fr access pint placement and density. Multiple Channel Architecture (MCA) Single Channel Architecture (SCA) Define the need fr and the use f a manual site survey tl and differentiate between the fllwing manual site survey types Active surveys Passive surveys Differentiate between manual and predictive site surveys Advantages and disadvantages f each site survey methdlgy Define the need fr and use f a prtcl analyzer in a manual site survey as it relates t the fllwing Identifying, lcating, and assessing nearby WLANs Differentiate between site surveys invlving netwrks with and withut a mesh access layer Define the need fr and use f a spectrum analyzer in a manual site survey Identificatin and lcatin f interference surces Differentiatin f Wi-Fi and nn-wi-fi interference surces Identify limitatins n hardware placement Areas where APs r antennas cannt be placed Areas beynd Ethernet distance limitatins

6 Understand industry best practices fr ptimal use f directinal and mni-directinal antennas in site surveys Explain the technical aspects invlved in perfrming manual and predictive RF site surveys. (These happen as part f the RF site survey) Lcating and identifying RF interference surces Defining AP utput pwer and channel assignments Defining AP and antenna types t be used Defining c-channel and adjacent-channel interference Defining AP and antenna placement lcatins Testing applicatins fr prper peratin Describe site survey reprting and fllw-up prcedures fr manual and predictive RF site surveys. (These happen after the RF site survey) Reprting methdlgy Hardware recmmendatins and bills f material Custmer reprting requirements Applicatin analysis fr capacity and cverage verificatin Identify the equipment, applicatins, and system features invlved in perfrming predictive site surveys Predictive analysis / simulatin applicatins (als called RF planning and management tls) Integrated predictive site survey features f WLAN cntrllers Site survey verificatin tls and/r applicatins Indr site surveys versus utdr site surveys Identify the equipment, applicatins, and methdlgies invlved in perfrming manual site surveys Site survey hardware kits Passive site survey tls and/r applicatins Spectrum analyzers VWiFi site survey best practices (db bundaries, Prtcl analyzers antenna use, balanced links) Active site survey tls and/r applicatins Manufacturer s client utilities Identify the equipment, applicatins, and methdlgies invlved in self-managing RF technlgies Autmated RF resurce management APPLICATIONS, SUPPORT AND TROUBLESHOOTING Identify deplyment scenaris fr cmmn WLAN netwrk types / Identify technlgy rles fr which WLAN technlgy is apprpriate and describe implementatin f WLAN technlgy in thse rles Small Office / Hme Office (SOHO) Municipal and law-enfrcement cnnectivity Extensin f existing netwrks int remte lcatins Crprate data access and end-user mbility Building-t-building cnnectivity Last-mile data delivery Wireless ISP Public wireless htspts Transprtatin netwrks (trains, planes, autmbiles) Mbile ffice, classrm, industrial, and healthcare

7 Recgnize cmmn prblems assciated with wireless netwrks and their symptms, and identify steps t islate and trublesht the prblem. Given a prblem situatin, interpret the symptms and the mst likely cause. Prblems may include: Decreased thrughput Narrwband and wideband RF interference Intermittent r n cnnectivity Multipath (in SISO and MIMO envirnments) Weak signal strength Hidden ndes Device upgrades Near/Far C-channel and adjacent-channel interference Weather RF Nise and nise flr Identify prcedures t ptimize wireless netwrks in specific situatins. Infrastructure hardware selectin and placement Analyzing infrastructure capacity and utilizatin Identifying, lcating, and remving surces f interference Multipath and hidden ndes Client lad-balancing HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE Identify the purpse, features, and functins f the fllwing wireless netwrk cmpnents and describe hw t install, cnfigure, secure, and manage them. Chse the apprpriate installatin r cnfiguratin steps in a given scenari. Access Pints Lightweight Autnmus Mesh Wireless LAN Ruters Wireless Bridges Wireless Repeaters WLAN Cntrller/Switch Distributed AP cnnectivity Direct AP cnnectivity Layer-2 and Layer-3 AP cnnectivity Pwer ver Ethernet (PE) Devices Midspan Endpint Identify the purpse, features, and functins f and the apprpriate installatin r cnfiguratin steps fr the fllwing types f antennas. Omni-directinal / diple Semi-directinal Highly-directinal

8 NETWORK SECURITY Identify and describe the strengths, weaknesses, apprpriate uses, and implementatin f the fllwing IEEE security-related items: Legacy Security Mechanisms WEP Cipher Suite Open System Authenticatin Shared Key Authenticatin MAC Filtering SSID Hiding Mdern Security Mechanisms WPA- / WPA2-Enterprise WPA- / WPA2-Persnal Wi-Fi Prtected Setup (WPS) TKIP and CCMP Cipher Suites 802.1X / EAP Framewrk Preshared Key (PSK) / Passphrase Authenticatin Additinal Mechanisms Secure Device Management Prtcls (HTTPS, SNMPv3, SSH2) Rle Based Access Cntrl (RBAC) Describe, explain, and illustrate the apprpriate applicatins fr the fllwing wireless security slutins Wireless Intrusin Prtectin System (WIPS) Security Mnitring, Cntainment, and Reprting Perfrmance Mnitring and Reprting Trubleshting and Analysis Prtcl and Spectrum Analyzers Security and Perfrmance Mnitring Trubleshting and Analysis Describe the fllwing General Security Plicy elements Applicable Audience Risk Assessment Impact Analysis Security Auditing Plicy Enfrcement Mnitring, Respnse, and Reprting Asset Management Describe the fllwing Functinal Security Plicy elements Design and Implementatin Best Practices Small Office / Hme Office (SOHO) Small & Medium Business (SMB) Enterprise Passwrd Plicy Acceptable Use & Abuse Plicy Training Requirements Physical Securit Scial Engineering