When Citizens Have Their Say:
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- Robert Walters
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1 When Citizens Have Their Say: Adjusting Urban Forest Management to Account for the Public's Values Peter Duinker, Dalhousie University and Camilo Ordóňez, Dalhousie University James Steenberg, Ryerson University Jaclyn Diduck, University of Manitoba Stephen Cushing, Dalhousie University John Sinclair, University of Manitoba Tom Beckley, University of New Brunswick John Charles, Halifax Regional Municipality May 2013 European Forum on Urban Forests, Milano
2 Abstract: Urban-forest managers take their management directions from many sources - their own personal biases, their bosses' values (e.g., city councils), other professionals, nursery-stock providers, urban citizens, and others. Our review of urbanforest management plans in Canada shows that most of them are dominated by approaches to addressing environmental problems. However, our data on citizen values related to trees in the city, collected using multiple methods, betray a strong bias toward psycho-social values. We therefore posit the following question: if the citizens' psycho-social values were taken as explicitly into consideration as environmental values, how might urban forest management be different? Perhaps such management would pay more attention to, among other things, naturalization of urban-forest conditions, with strengthened networks of pocket parks and treed corridors. Improved canopy cover would be targeted at playgrounds and other outdoor recreational spaces as well as at convalescence facilities. We explore these concepts in the context of managing urban forests in Canada (and Europe!).
3 Questions to be addressed: Whose value sets drive contemporary urban-forest decision-making in Canada? Whose value sets SHOULD drive such decisions? Why might urban forest management need adjustment? How do we know what are the values of the citizenry? What are the citizens saying about what they value about urban forests? What adjustments seem warranted if citizen values are paramount in decision-making? How can we improve urban forest management via citizens values?
4 Sources of my inspiration... Research on urban forest values Peckham, S.C., P.N. Duinker, and C. Ordóňez Urban forest values in Canada: views of citizens in Calgary and Halifax. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening: in press. Research on urban-forest management plans Ordóňez, C. and P.N. Duinker An analysis of urban forest management plans in Canada: implications for urban forest management. Landscape and Urban Planning 116: doi: /j.landurbplan
5 Sources of my inspiration... Preparation of urban-forest management plans: NIPpaysageLandscape Architects, Ekistics Planning and Design, P.N. Duinker, Black Spruce Heritage Services, Form:Media, and LandDesignEngineering Services Point Pleasant Park Comprehensive Plan. Halifax Regional Municipality, Halifax, NS. HRM Urban Forest Planning Team Halifax Regional Municipality Urban Forest Master Plan: Draft of August Halifax Regional Municipality, Halifax, NS. 450 pp. Victoria Park in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island - ongoing
6 Sources of my inspiration... Personal observations across Canada and Europe If I had one on my laptop, a map of Europe would appear here!
7 Whose value sets drive contemporary urban-forest decision-making in Canada? Technical people arborists, planners, landscape architects, nursery people, professors, etc. Standards, professional viewpoints Bosses politicians, senior municipal officials, developers Budgets, political preferences Property owners Pressure for or against trees Citizens Daily appreciators (or not) of trees in the city
8 Whose value sets SHOULD drive such decisions? The citizens, of course! Why? Democratic principles (participation) Citizens are the main consequence-takers Happiness for city councillors and senior staffers
9 Why might urban forest management need adjustment? Canopy cover is admittedly never enough Environmental services and technical considerations dominate program design Urban forests are under siege Budgets Insects and diseases
10 How do we know what are the values of the citizenry? Various cities undertake public-participation programs, esp. at the time of management planning We have been undertaking research!
11 Our research methods Method Calgary Winnipeg Fredericton Halifax Colombia Diaries and focus groups Interception surveys Photo-based interviews Walkabout interviews Online survey
12 What are the citizens saying about what they value about urban forests? Contrast with greyscape green = calm Aesthetics sights, sounds, smells Sense of place and connection Feelings of well-being and happiness Closeness to nature Freshness of the air Environmental stewardship Shade and coolness
13 What adjustments seem warranted if citizen values are paramount in decision-making? More canopy cover (of course!) Where a tree can grow, there should be a tree!
14 What adjustments seem warranted if citizen values are paramount in decision-making? More canopy cover (of course!) Where a tree can grow, there should be a tree!
15 What adjustments seem warranted if citizen values are paramount in decision-making? More canopy cover (of course!) Where a tree can grow, there should be a tree!
16 What adjustments seem warranted if citizen values are paramount in decision-making? Probably less of the left picture... And more of the right picture!
17 What adjustments seem warranted if citizen values are paramount in decision-making? Treed pocket parks everywhere!
18 What adjustments seem warranted if citizen values are paramount in decision-making? Treed corridors
19 What adjustments seem warranted if citizen values are paramount in decision-making? Depart from non-natural patterns
20 What adjustments seem warranted if citizen values are paramount in decision-making? Depart from non-natural patterns
21 What adjustments seem warranted if citizen values are paramount in decision-making? Trees to shade playgrounds
22 What adjustments seem warranted if citizen values are paramount in decision-making? Pocket parks next to health facilities
23 What adjustments seem warranted if citizen values are paramount in decision-making? Ninewells Hospital and Woodland
24 How can we improve urban forest management via citizens values? Engage citizens deeply and frequently in conversations and other exchanges about what they value with respect to trees in the city Help citizens appreciate a fulsome range of ways they could value trees in the city Respond to citizen values with urban-forest compositions and structures that cater to their value sets
25 My street in Halifax
26 90-yr-old American Elm European Beech, I planted, on city property! Red Spruce, Yellow Birch, and White Birch in a clump, on my property
27 When Citizens Have Their Say: Adjusting Urban Forest Management to Account for the Public's Values Peter Duinker, Dalhousie University and Camilo Ordóňez, Dalhousie University James Steenberg, Ryerson University Thanks! Jaclyn Diduck, University of Manitoba Stephen Cushing, Dalhousie University Comments John Sinclair, University or Questions? of Manitoba Tom Beckley, University of New Brunswick John Charles, Halifax Regional Municipality May 2013 European Forum on Urban Forests, Milano
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