Unit 22. Mobile phone '63

Transcription

1 -]\NDQJLHOVNLGODHOHNWURQLNyZLLQIRUPDW\NyZ. Unit 22 Mobile phone A mobile phone (also known as a wireless phone, cell phone, or cellular telephone) is a short-range, electronic radio device used for mobile voice or data communication over a network of specialised base stations known as cell sites. On a complexity per cubic inch scale, cell phones are some of the most intricate devices people use on a daily basis. Modern digital cell phones can process millions of calculations per second in order to compress and decompress the voice stream. Mobile phones may support many additional services and accessories, such as SMS for text messaging, , packet switching for access to the Internet, gaming, Bluetooth, camera with video recorder and MMS for sending and receiving photos and video. Many of the phones incorporate some type of PDA or Web browser. A basic digital cell phone contains just a few individual parts: an antenna a circuit board containing RF amplifiers, a digital signal processor (DSP), microprocessor, ROM chip, flash memory, and audio amplifiers a keyboard a liquid crystal display (LCD) a microphone and speaker a battery. wireless bezprzewodowy short-range NUyWNLHJR]DVLJX base station stacja bazowa cubic inch FDOV]HFLHQQ\ intricate VNRPSOLNRZDQ\]áo- *RQ\ stream VWUXPLH gaming JU\PRGXá]JUDPL PDA palmtop, komputer kieszonkowy circuit board Sá\WNDGUXNRZDQD XNáDGXHOHNWURQLF]QHJR keyboard klawiatura 5)DPSOLILHUV '63 $XGLRDPSOLILHUV )ODVK 520 0LFURSURFHVVRU /&' &RQWUROOHU 132.H\ERDUG Bloc diagram of a basic cell phone

2 The RF amplifiers amplify signals travelling to and from the antenna. An amplified signal travels farther to the DSP chip. The digital signal processor (DSP) is a highly customised processor designed to perform signalmanipulation at high speed. This analogue-to-digital and digital-to-analogue conversion chips translate the outgoing audio signal from analogue to digital and the incoming signal from digital back to analogue. The microprocessor is the brains of the phone. It handles all of the housekeeping chores for the keyboard and display, deals with communication with the base station, and also co-ordinates the rest of the functions on the board. The ROM and Flash memory chips provide storage for the phone s operating system and customisable features, such as the phone directory, calculators and games. Some phones store certain information, such as the SID and MIN codes, in internal Flash memory, while others use external cards (with a small microchip) called a Subscriber Identity Modules or SIM Cards. Mobile phones obtain power from batteries, which can be recharged from power mains, from a cigarette lighter socket in a car using an adapter (often called battery charger) or from a solar panel. The most common form of mobile phone batteries are nickel metalhydride, as they have a low size and weight. Lithium- Ion batteries are sometimes used, as they are lighter and do not have the voltage depression that nickel metalhydride batteries do. Many mobile phone manufacturers have now switched to using Lithium-Polymer batteries. The main advantages of these batteries are even lower weight and the possibility to make the battery a shape other than strict cuboid. Mobile phones send and receive radio signals with any number of cell site base stations fitted with microwave antennas. These sites are usually mounted on a tower or buildings, and then connected to a cabled communication network. The phones have a low-power transceiver that transmits voice and data to the nearest cell sites, normally not more than 13 km away. Cell sites have relatively low-power (often only one or two watts) radio transmitters which broadcast their communications between the mobile handsets and the switch. The switch in turn connects the call to another subscriber of the same wireless service provider or to the public telephone network. RF amplifier wzmacniacz ZLHONLHMF]VWRWOLZRFL highly customised wyspecjalizowany outgoing Z\FKRG]F\ incoming ZFKRG]F\ chore RERZL]HNSUDFD co-ordinate NRRUG\QRZDü phone directory NVL*NDWHOHIoniczna power mains sieci elektryczna cigarette lighter zapalniczka battery charger ádgrzdundgr akumulatorów voltage depression = memory effect (patrz Unit 8) cuboid V]HFLHQQ\ fitted Z\SRVD*RQ\ transmitter SU]HND(QLN mobile handset telefon komórkowy switch tu: SU]HND(QLN subscriber abonent 133

3 The iphone has revolutionised application for mobile phones, allowing a vast array of software to perform hundreds of different tasks. The software is easily downloaded an installed through the App Store, a native application on the iphone. Using a Wi-Fi, EDGE or 3G connection, users can purchase applications (some are free) from the App Store and download them directly to the phone. The App Store was developed by Apple to interface with the AT&T cellular network. vast array szeroka gama, ]QDF]QDLORü Zwroty to use on a daily basis X*\ZDüQDFRG]LH to perform signal-manipulation at high speed SU]HWZDU]DüV\JQDá]GX*DV]\ENRFL to handle all of the housekeeping chores Z\NRQ\ZDüZV]\VWNLHRSHUDFMH]DU]G]DQLD to provide storage for the phone s operating system and customisable features SU]HFKRZ\ZDü dane dla systemu operacyjnego telefonu i funkcji (opcji) dodatkowych 2EMDQLHQLD Cell site stacja bazowa±srf]wnrzrwhuplqwhqx*\zdq\e\á86$godrnuhohqldplhmvfdz NWyU\P]QDMGRZDá\VLDQWHQ\LVSU]WHOHNWURQLF]Q\WZRU]FHVLHüWHOHIRQLLNRPyUNRZHM6WDFMD bazowa (cell VLWHVNáDGDVL]PDV]WXtower) do zamontowania anten, jednego lub kilku urz- G]HQDGDZF]RRGELRUF]\FKRGELRUQLNyZLQDGDMQLNyZSURFHVRUyZV\JQDáXF\IURZHJRRUD] HOHNWURQLF]Q\FKXNáaGyZVWHUXMF\FKLNRQWUROQ\FK Synonimem cell site jest cell WRZHU FKRFLD*ZLHOHDQWHQWHOHIRQLLNRPyUNRZHMPRQWo- ZDQ\FKMHVWF]VWRQDGDFKDFKEXG\QNyZ Packet switching MHVWWRPHWRGDNRPXQLNDFMLVLHFLRZHMZNWyUHMSU]HV\áDQHLQIRUPDFMH (cy- IURZHGDQHRWHNFLHG(ZLNXLREUD]DFKVG]LHORQHQDSDNLHW\EORNLLQDVWSQLHSU]HV\áDQH SU]H]VLHü.D*G\SDNLHWSRVLDGDZáDVQ\NRGLGHQW\ILNDF\MQ\NWyU\VáX*\GRZáDFLZHJRSRáczenia pakietów u odbiorcy. Bluetooth technologia bezprzewodowej komunikacji krótkiego zasijx SRPLG]\ Uy*Q\PL XU]G]HQLDPL HOHNWURQLF]Q\PL WDNLPL MDN NODZLDWXUD NRPSXWHU ODSWRS SDOPWRS WHOHIRQ No- PyUNRZ\LZLHORPDLQQ\PL-HJRVSHF\ILNDFMDREHMPXMHWU]\NODV\PRF\QDGDZF]HMR]DVLJX RUD] PHWUD Z RWZDUWHM SU]HVWU]HQL 1DMF]FLHM VSRW\NDQ NODV MHVW NODVD GUXJD 7HFKQRORJLDNRU]\VWD]IDOUDGLRZ\FKZSDPLH,60*+] MIN code (Mobile Identification 1XPEHU±XQLNDWRZ\F\IURZ\QXPHUMDNLSRVLDGDND*G\ bezprzewodowy telefon. SID code (System Identification Number) OXEELWRZ\NRGX*\ZDQ\GRLGHQW\ILNDFML sieci telefonii komórkowej na niektórych obszarach. 134

4 GRAMATYKA 1. Liczba pojedyncza liczba mnoga rzeczowników Some phones store certain information in internal flash memory. 1LHNWyUHWHOHIRQ\SU]HFKRZXMLQIRUPDFMHZZHZQWU]QHMSDPLFLIODVK :ZLNV]RFLSU]\SDGNyZU]HF]RZQLNRPDQJLHOVNLPZOLF]ELHSRMHG\QF]HMOXEPQRJLHMRd- SRZLDGDMSROVNLHU]HF]RZQLNLZWHMVDPHMOLF]ELH:\VWSXMMHGQDNSU]\SDGNLJG\U]HF]Rwnikowi angielskiemu w liczbie pojedynczej odpowiada polski rzeczownik w liczbie mnogiej i na odwrót. /LF]EPQRJU]HF]RZQLNyZDQJLHOVNLFKWZRU]\ VLQDRJyáSU]H]GRGDQLHNRFyZNL-s.,VWQLHMU]HF]RZQLNLNWyUHPDMWDNVDPIRUPZOLF]ELHSRMHG\QF]HMLPQRJLHM6WRU]eczowniki abstrakf\mqhl]elrurzhrud]u]hf]rzqlnlqd]\zdmfhqlhnwyuhjdwxqnl]zlhu]w advice rada, rady business interes, interesy information informacja, informacje furniture mebel, meble knowledge wiedza money SLHQLG]SLHQLG]H carp karp, karpie fish ryba, ryby swine ZLQLDZLQLH (ale: pig pigs) sheep owca, owce deer MHOHjelenie Information, advice i furniture±z\vwsxmzm]\nxdqjlhovnlpw\onrzolf]elhsrmhg\qf]hm (nie posiagdmolf]e\pqrjlhmdzlf]dzv]hz\vwsxm]irupis czasownika to be. Ponie- ZD*]DOLF]DMVLGRJUXS\W]ZU]HF]RwniNyZQLHSROLF]DOQ\FKQLJG\QLHVSRSU]HG]DQHSU]e- GLPNLHPQLHRNUHOonym a/ an. He gave her advice. 8G]LHOLáMHMUDG. If there is any further information you may require, please contact us. -H*HOLEG]LHSDQSRWU]HERZDáGDOV]\FKLQIRUPDFMLSURV]VL]PDQLVNRQWDNWRZDü /LF]ESRMHG\QF]OXEPQRJRGW\FKU]HF]RZQLNyZPR*HP\XWZRU]\üW\ONRZVSRVyERSLVowy: a piece of advice jedna rada two pieces of advice dwie rady a piece of information jedna informacja two pieces of information dwie informacje a piece of furniture jeden mebel two pieces of furniture dwa meble Money WRZM]\NXDQJLHOVNLPU]HF]RZQLNQLHSROLF]DOQ\SROLF]DOQHVEDQNQRW\LPRQHW\ wystsxmf\w\onrzolf]elhsrmhg\qf]hm Money is like a drag you never have enough. 3LHQLG]HVMDNQDUNRW\N±QLJG\QLHPDV]LFKGRV\ü 1LHNWyUHU]HF]RZQLNLXZD*DQHV]DZV]H]DOLF]EPQRJLW\ONRZQLHMZ\VWSXMQSarms (EUR), particulars (V]F]HJyá\), greens (warzywa 'R WDNLFK U]HF]RZQLNyZ QDOH* U]HF]R ZQLNLR]QDF]DMFHF]FLJDUGHURE\trousers, pantsoxewh*qdu]g]ld]ár*rqh]gzxf]fl binoculars (lornetka), glasses (okulary), scissors (QR*\F]NL). 135

5 =DZV]H]DOLF]EPQRJXZD*QHVQLHNWyUHU]HF]RZQLNL]ELRURZHDZLFZ\VWSXM]Dwsze z IRUPare czasownika to be, np.: police, people, stairs (schody), goods (towary), cattle (by- GáR).,VWQLHMWH*U]HF]RZQLNLRIRUPLHOLF]E\PQRJLHM]NRFyZN-sDOHVXZD*DQH]DOLF]E pojedyqf]dzlfz\vwsxm]dzv]h]irupis czasownika to be6wr 1. nazwy pewnych chorób: measles, mumps, 2. niektóre gry: billiards, bowls, darts, draughts, 3. rzeczowniki news, means, gallows, QLHNWyUHQD]Z\ZáDVQHAthens, Algiers, Wales, Naples. 3RGREQLH MHVW] QD]ZDPLQDXNNRF]F\PLVL QD-ics: electronics, informatics, mathematics, physics.:lhoh] QLFK PR*H E\ü MHGQDN WUDNWRZDQ\FK MDNR OLF]ED PQRJD QLHNLHG\ ]H]PLDQ ]QDF]HQLD]ZáDV]F]DMH*HOLQLHPyZLP\RQDXFHMDNRWDNLHM electronics jako nauka: Electronics is an important science. electronics jako elementy elektroniczne: All electronics are classified on their use. 3UREOHPDW\F]QHVáyZND0$1<08&+)(:/,7//( A basic digital cell phone contains just a few individual parts. 7HOHIRQNRPyUNRZ\ZZHUVMLSRGVWDZRZHM]DZLHUDW\ONRNLONDRGG]LHOQ\FKF]FL. Mobile phones may support many additional services and accessories. 7HOHIRQ\NRPyUNRZHPRJNRU]\VWDü]ZLHOXGRGDWNRZ\FKVHUZLVyZLDNFHVRULyZ Wyrazy many i much]qdf]üwrvdprgx*rzlhoh. Wyraz many stosujemy przed rzeczownikami policzalnymi w liczbie mnogiej D ZLF JG\ PyZLP\ R U]HF]DFK OXE RVREDFK NWyUH PR*QDSROLF]\ü Wyraz much stosujemy przed rzeczownikami niepoliczalnymi w liczbie pojedynczej, a ZLFSU]HGQD]ZDPLVXEVWDQFMLOXESU]HGSRMFLDPLDEVWUDNF\MQ\PLWMSU]HGQD]ZDPLU]HF]\ QLHGDMF\FKVLSROLF]\ü many exercises GX*RüZLF]H many transistors GX*RWUDQ]\VWRUyZ many people GX*ROXG]L many days wiele dni much work GX*RSUDF\ much power GX*RPRF\ much water GX*RZRG\ much noise GX*RV]XPX Wyrazy many i muchvwrvrzdqhvjáyzqlhz]gdqldfks\wdmf\fklsu]hf]f\fk:]gdqldfk WZLHUG]F\FKQDWRPLDVWX*\ZDVLF]FLHMZ\UD*Ha lot of, a great deal of, a good deal of, plenty of, np.: I have a lot of English books on electronics. 0DPGX*RNVL*HNDQJLHOVNLFKRHOHNWURQLFH. This factory uses a great deal of silicon. 7DIDEU\ND]X*\ZDEDUG]RGX*RNU]HPX. There is plenty of time. -HVWGX*RF]DVX. 3U]HFLZLHVWZHPZ\UD]Xmany jest wyraz few (PDáRSU]HFLZLHVWZHPZ\UD]Xmuch jest wyraz little (PDáR). I have few English books. 0DPPDáRNVL*HNDQJLHOVNLFK. This cell phone uses little energy. 7HQWHOHIRQNRPyUNRZ\]X*\ZDPDáRHQHUJLL. 136

6 -DNDMHVWUy*QLFDPLG]\little i a littlerud]plg]\few i a few? Few oraz little QLRV ]H VRE ]QDF]HQLH UDF]HM QHJDW\ZQH ÄQLHZLHOH QLH WDN ZLHOH MDN PR*QDE\VLE\áRVSRG]LHZDü SRGF]DVJG\a few i a littlevxjhuxm*hf]hjrmhvwzlfhmql* PR*QDE\áRVLVSRG]LHZDüQS Few students understood his lecture. 1LHZLHOXVWXGHQWyZ]UR]XPLDáRMHJRZ\NáDG. We don t buy many CDs, but we have a few at home. 1LHNXSXMHP\ZLHOXSá\W&'DOHPDP\NLONDZGRPX. They made a little money in Germany. =DURELOLWURFKSLHQLG]\Z1LHPF]HFK. They made little money in Germany. =DURELOLPDáRSLHQLG]\Z1LHPF]HFK. :\VWSXMHZLFGRüLVWRWQDUy*QLFDPLG]\ a few, które znaczy kilka, i few, które oznacza PDáR,FKRGSRZLHGQLNDPLX*\ZDQ\PL]U]HF]RZQLNDPLQLHSROLF]DOQ\PLWDNLPLMDNQSGDQH inforpdfmhpohnrzrgdsldvhnehwrqlwsva little (WURFK) i little (maár). 3U]\LPNL]RNUHOHQLDPLPLHMVFDFG between SRPLG]\±RNUHODSRáR*HQLHU]HF]\OXERVRE\PLG]\GZRPDLQQ\PLU]HF]DPLOXE osobami. 3U]\NáDG\between you and me PLG]\WREDPQ, between the table and wardrobe PLG]\VWRáHPLV]DI the distance between cell sites RGOHJáRüPLHG]\VWDFMDPLED]RZ\PL among ZUyG±VáX*\GRRNUHOHQLDSRáR*HQLDZUyGZLHOXU]HF]\OXERVyE 3U]\NáDG\ among people in the street ZUyGOXG]LQDXOLF\ among all integrated circuits VSRUyGZV]\VWNLFKXNáDGyZVFDORQ\FK to select the right signal among all coming from the antenna Z\VHOHNFMRQRZDüZáDFLZ\ V\JQDáVSRUyGZV]\VWNLFKSU]\FKRG]F\FK]DQWHQ\ û:,&=(1,$ I. Wstaw czasownik to be w odpowiedniej formie: 3U]\NáDG: money is, electronics are/is 1. silver goods 3. manners 4. darts 5. news 6. the rich 7. statistics 8. Athens 9. youth 10. clergy dirt 12. The United States 13. glasses 14. dominoes 15. means 16. mumps 17. thanks 18. police 19. bellows linguistics 21. arms 22. measles 23. tights 24. headquarters 25. brains 26. scissors 27. data 137

7 II. Wstaw odpowiedni wyraz lub zwrot: books, cheaper, curves, disagreement, electrical parameters, greater area, iphones, kilobits per second, money, per cent, power, temporal noise, time, types of designs 1. A single satellite can provide coverage to a much... than terrestrial base stations. 2. The bit-rate ranges from a few... to tens of megabits per second. 3. Many... have been written on the social impact of mobile phones. 4. There is a lot of... over the meaning of the term computer science 5. CCDs have much lower... and fixed-pattern noise than CMOS sensors. 6. DVDs can be fabricated on much... and more available manufacturing lines. 7. General purpose analogue voltmeters may have an accuracy of a few... of full scale. 8. You can register and spend plenty of... chatting online without paying any fee. 9. I ve spent plenty of... in online shops. 10. Analogue circuits require much more... and area than digital equivalents. 11. Many different... are used based on the application. 12. A multimeter measures not only voltage but a few more CMOS digital circuits are acceptably fast and use very little Walmart, the retail giant, has sold a lot of... this month. 15. This is especially useful for graphing just few I ve been spending a good deal of... surfing the Web and looking for a cheap smartphone. 17. There is a great deal of... regarding the validity of the data.,,,3u]hwáxpdf]qdm]\nsrovnl 1. There are several categories of mobile phones, from basic phones to feature phones such as musicphones and cameraphones, to smartphones. 2. The first smartphone was the Nokia 9000 Communicator in 1996 which incorporated a basic mobile phone and PDA. 3. The display has grown considerably in size as the number of features in cell phones have increased. 4. A SIM Card stores the phone s configuration data and information about the phone itself. 5. The Apple iphone provides full-featured web access and multimedia capabilities.,93u]hwáxpdf]qdm]\ndqjlhovnl 1. 3LHUZV]DNRPHUF\MQDVLHüWHOHIRQyZNRPyUNRZ\FK]RVWDáDXUXFKRPLRQDZ-DSRQLLZ roku. (XUXFKRPLü launch) 2. 3LHUZV]\WHOHIRQNRPyUNRZ\XPR*OLZLDMF\áF]QRü]LQWHUQHWHPLEH]SU]HZRGRZSRF]W HOHNWURQLF]Q]RVWDáZ\SXV]F]RQ\SU]H]1RNLZURNX 3. 7HOHIRQNRPyUNRZ\MHVWQDMEDUG]LHMSRZV]HFKQ\PXU]G]HQLHPHOHNWURQLF]Q\PQDZLHFLH 4. Telefony komórkowe RWU]\PXM V\JQDá\ UDGLRZH ze stacji bazowych rozmieszczonych na FDá\PZLHFLH 5. $QWHQ\PLNURIDORZHVLHFLWHOHIRQyZNRPyUNRZ\FKV]Z\NOHPRQWRZDQHQDPDV]WDFKOXE EXG\QNDFKZRGOHJáRFLQLHZLNV]HMQL*NPRGVLHELH 98]XSHáQLM]GDQLDEUDNXMF\PLSU]\LPNDPL 1. What is the difference... a bipolar transistor and unipolar one? 2. I ll be taking my holiday... Easter this year. 138

8 3. Buy a new battery... your way home. 4. What will you be doing... New Year s Eve? 5. There were a lot of problems... the implementation of the new control system. 6. The relationship... students from Warsaw and Cracow has always been good the end of a course students usually go to play video games. 8. I was always ashamed... my parents because they were uneducated. 9. She recognised a few friends... the students. 10. What are you going to buy Hania... her birthday? 11. There weren t many cars... the road today. 12. I got up...11am today! 13. He was living... a team of programmers. 14. The mobile phone wasn t big, it wasn t small; it was... average size. 15. She recognised a few friends standing... the students and the teacher. English humour High-powered business meeting Bill (CEO of Microsoft), Andy (CEO of Intel) and Jerry (CEO of AMD) were in a high-powered business meeting. During the serious tense discussions, a beeping noise suddenly is emitted from where Bill is sitting. Bill says, Oh, that s my emergency beeper. Gentlemen, excuse me, I really need to take this call. So Bill lifts his wristwatch to his ear and begins talking into the end of his tie. After completing this call, he notices the others are staring at him. Bill explains, Oh, this is my new emergency communication system. I have an earpiece built into my watch and a microphone sewn into the end of my tie. That way, I can a take a call anywhere. The others nod, and the meeting continues. Five minutes later, the discussion is again interrupted when Andy starts beeping. He also states, Oh, that is my emergency beeper. Excuse me, gentlemen, this must be an important call. So Andy taps his earlobe and begins talking into thin air. When he completes his call, he notices the others staring at him and explains, I also have an emergency communication system. But my earpiece is actually implanted in my earlobe, and the microphone is actually embedded in this fake tooth. Isn t that neat? The others nod, and the meeting continues. Five minutes later, the discussion is again interrupted when Jerry emits a thunderous fart. He looks up at the others staring at him and says, Uhh, somebody give me a piece of paper... I m receiving a fax. high-powered wysokiej rangi CEO (Chief Executive Officer) szef, dyrektor beeper V\JQDOL]DWRUEU]F]HN tie krawat to star at sb. SDWU]HüQDNRJR]Sodziwem earpiece VáXFKDZND nod XNáRQLüVLVNLQüJáRZ earlobe SáDWHNXFKDPDá*RZLQDXV]QD to talk into thin air PyZLüGRQLHREHFQHM osoby fake tooth V]WXF]Q\]E neat fajny, gustowny, elegancki thunderous JU]PLF\JURPNL fart SLHUGQLFLH 139