How To Hack A Powerline Communications 101 Class 101 Class 1 (Powerline) (Powerlines) (Plc) (Pca) (Wired) (Wire) (Wifi) (Lan) (Net) (Network) (H
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1 FAIFA A first OpenSource PLC tool Xavier Carcelle - xavier.carcelle#openpattern.org Florian Fainelli florian.fainelli#openpattern.org Nicolas Thill nico#openwrt.org
2 FAIFA in Lao Langage ³³É¾ = FAIFA ³ : Fire ³É¾ : Light FAIFA = Faï + Fa Laos = country between Thailand and Vietnam with large electrical ressources but very low income per person
3 0x00 - Outline 0x01 - PowerLineCommunications 101 class Technology introduction PHY/MAC layers in PLC Security issues in PLC 0x02 - Targeting HomePlug AV H/W implementations On-board designs Potential exploits 0x03 - Explaining the FAIFA tool Existing open tool for PLC Features / Tool design Demo Coming next
4 0x01 - PLC 101 crashclass PowerLineCommunications = usage of electrical cables for LAN (public or private electrical networks) Equivalent of an ETHERNET hub at layer1 and 2
5 0x01 - PLC 101 History Upcoming IEEE 1901 based on HomePlug AV 3k 150k 1M 30M f Low BR High BR
6 0x01 - PLC 101 crashclass Outdoor Indoor
7 PHY/MAC layers in PLC (high BR) MAC CSMA/CA IEEE frames PHY OFDM sub-bands Adaptative Coding (1024-QAM / QPSK)
8 Sniffing PLC communications Rohde & Schwarz Signal Analyzer FS10-20Hz 7GHz 1m 60kHz per division Freq_span = kHz 1-30MHz OFDM modulation 916 sub-bands
![division [-110,-95dBm]@1m Freq_span = 656.](/docs-images/40/7774471/images/page_8.jpg "25kHz 1-30MHz OFDM modulation 916 sub-bands")
9 PLC Equipments Ethernet bridges for PLC LAN PLC SetTopBoxes (DSL, WLAN, PLC ) PLC-MCU Gateways TV-Slingboxes IP-cams Y-Power adapters PLC ISP devices
10 PHY/MAC layers in PLC
11 Security issues in PLC Difficult access to the Medium Complete Hardware sniffing solution difficult to implement (Logic Analyzer + adaptive CAN + Demodulator + DataDumping + Decryption) Adaptative modulations between nodes based on the channel quality change ev. 5s
12 Security Issues in PLC HomePlug 1.0 : Security at Layer2 by NEK (56- DES encryption) HomePlug AV : Security at Layer2 by NEK (AES-128 encryption) and COO / STA Architecture Encryption frames do not appear on the RJ45 interface if NEK wrong INT5500, INT6000 chip embedd the NEK functionnality allowing separation between electrical interface and RJ45 interface
13 Security Issues in PLC HomePlug AV holds a «easy-connect» mode with a TEK (Temporary Encryption Key)
14 0x02 Focus on HomePlug AV HomePlug AV allows 200Mbits/s at the PHY Layer ETHERTYPE = 0x88e1 256 devices on a logical PLC networks COO / STA architecture FAIFA allows real-time monitoring of the PHY layer coding / modulation scheme CSMA / CA and TDMA (50/60Hz carrier-based) modes
15 ISP Applications 2-3 devices typical applications with one device connected to the DSLbox, one to the video decoder
16 Ethernet LAN H/W for PLC devices Power LAN
17 HomePlug AV devices configuration frames with ETHERTYPE = 0x88e1
18 0x03 The FAIFA Tool Trac for development repository available at Different behaviour with the different INT6000 firmwares (INT6000-MAC-1.4, 3.0, 3.1)
19 HomePlug AV 101 MAC PHY CSMA/CA or TDMA Medium Access 0x88e1 ETHERTYPE 917-OFDM sub-bands Adaptative coding DQPSK to 1024-QAM
20 Existing tools for HomePlug AV configuration
21 Existing Open tools for HomePlug Manuel Kasper s plconfig (raw sockets) for HomePlug 1.0 ( Wireshark HomePlug 1.0 dissector Devolo dlan-linux-package-2.0 (libpcap 0.8.3) =>Needs for a fully integrated packagebased PLC OpenSource tool
22 FAIFA s features and design To be embedded Linux tool with.deb,.rpm versions Scriptable for tcpdump, wireshark and others Configuration of a PLC networks with the different NEK (Network Encrytion Keys) The «WPA key» of the PLC Complete monitoring of the MAC / PHY layers for advanced users Access to the NVRAM / SDRAM of the PLC chip Sniffer mode
23 FAIFA in action Downloadable from #./faifa i eth0 m type description xA000 Get Device/SW Version Request 0xA030 Get Link Statistics Request 0xA038 Network Info Request (Vendor-Specific) 0xA050 Set Encryption Key Request 0xA054 Get Manufacturing String Request
24 FAIFA in action Play with the different MMTYPE in the frames with ETHERTYPE = 0x88e1 Examples : 0xA000 : Get device / SW Version 0xA030 : Get link statistics 0xA070 : Tone Maps 0xA034 : Sniffer Mode
25 Demo with PLC devices Device detection (MMTYPE = 0xA000) Topology detection (MMTYPE = 0xA038) Link Statistics (MMTYPE = 0xA070) Sniffer Mode (MMTYPE = 0x?)
26 FAIFA Contributions Looking for testers (latest releases on different HomePlug AV devices) Looking for developers : packaging, optimization, GUI implementations, wireshark dissector Prototyping a PLC stack on a FPGA with a HomePlug based PHY-chip
27 FAIFA Questions Contact : [email protected] Website : Questions??
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