Creating a Checklist Culture Chris George, RN MS cgeorge@mha.org

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1 Creating a Checklist Culture Chris George, RN MS cgeorge@mha.org

2 Objectives Benefits of using checklists What makes a good checklist Creating a culture that supports checklists

3 Why do we need checklists? Focus on 4 HAIs: VAP, SSI, CRBSI, UTI $5 billion per year excess costs 1.7 million patients per year 1 out of 20 patients 98,000 deaths per year As many deaths as breast cancer and HIV/AIDS put together 6th leading cause of preventable deaths

4 Why do we need checklists? Wrong site surgeries are still the highest reported sentinel events RAND Study shows that patients received recommended therapies about 55 percent of the time McGlynn et al, NEJM 2003; 348(26):

5 Why do these things happen? Complexity of healthcare delivery Increasing technical skills Abundant research and new discoveries Lack of teamwork and communication Every system is perfectly designed to produce the results it delivers

6 Safe system design Standardize work Reduce complexity Create independent checks for key processes (checklists) Learn from mistakes

7 Examples from other industries Aviation Construction Finance Cooking

8 Checklists in health care Drowning victim Surgical case without blood on hold Keystone ICU CRBSI reduced from statewide median of 2.7 to 0 in three months and maintained for 36 months N Engl J Med 2006;355:

9 The Michigan Keystone ICU Project saved over 1,500 lives and $200 million by reducing health care associated infections. Office of Health Reform, Department of Health and Human Services

10 Purpose/Value of Checklists Provide independent checks Practitioners don t have to rely on memory WHO Safe Surgery Checklist Complications reduced from 11% to 7% In-hospital death rate reduced from 1.5% to 0.8% Haynes et al, NEJM 2009; 360:491-9

11 Components of a good checklist Precise Efficient Easy to use in a difficult situation Mix of task and communication checks Gawande, A (2009). The Checklist Manifesto. New York: Metropolitan Books.

12 Jt Comm J Qual Saf 2006;32(6):

13 % of respondents reporting above adequate teamwork L&D RN/MD ICU RN/MD OR RN/Surg CRNA/Anesth

14 Teamwork Disconnect MD: Good teamwork means the nurse does what I say RN: Good teamwork means I am asked for my input

15 Why teamwork? Activation phenomenon Avoid silent disengagement Teamwork rated higher when the team knows each other s first names Briefings reduce perceived risk of wrongsite surgery and improve perceived collaboration among OR personnel Makary et al, J Am Coll Surg 2007; 204:

16 % reporting good teamwork climate Teamwork Climate Across Michigan ICUs The strongest predictor of clinical excellence: Do caregivers feel comfortable speaking up if they perceive a problem with patient care No BSI = 5 months or more w/ zero No BSI 21% No BSI 31% No BSI 44% Health Services Research, 2006;41(4 Part II):1599.

17 Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program (CUSP)

18

19 Pre CUSP Work Create an interdisciplinary team Nurse, physician, administrator, others Assign a team leader Measure Culture in your clinical area Use validated survey Work with hospital quality leader to have a senior executive assigned to team

20 Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program (CUSP) An Intervention to Learn from Mistakes and Improve Safety Culture 1. Educate staff on science of safety 2. Identify defects 3. Assign executive to adopt unit 4. Learn from one defect per quarter 5. Implement teamwork tools Pronovost J, Patient Safety, 2005

21 Step 1: Science of Safety Summary Accept that we will make mistakes Focus on systems rather than blame Standardize, create independent checks, and learn from mistakes Make harm visible-- get staff thinking about safety and how to improve it

22 Step 2: Staff Identify Defects Frontline caregivers are the eyes and ears of patient safety Identify clinical or operational problems that negatively impact patient safety (have or could) QI team review suggestions, set the agenda for discussion with executive partner

23 Staff Safety Assessment - CUSP Name: Job Category: Date: Unit: Please describe how you think the next patient in your unit/clinical area will be harmed. Please describe what you think can be done to prevent or minimize this harm. Return this form to your project leader Thank you for helping improve safety in your workplace! Copyright 2007 The Johns Hopkins Quality and Safety Research Group Page 15 Version 7.2 RWJF/Adventist ICU Project

24 Step 2: Staff Identify Defects Report the identified defects to staff, executive partner QI team prioritize defects identified by the potential level of risk to the patient Select one to work on and start Step 4 Step 2 should be ongoing

25 Step 3: Senior Executive Partnership getting started Discuss safety issues identified in Step 2 w/ your Exec. partner Exec. helps remove barriers (lack of awareness, communication, financial, political) to improvement Exec. stimulates further discussions about safety, suggests solutions to safety concerns Exec. helps set goals for the unit Exec. Looks for other units with same issues QI Team reports actions/results broadly

26 or more None % of respondents reporting positive safety climate 100 Safety Climate across 1152 Clinical Areas in EWR=Executive Walk Rounds -

27 Step 4: Learning from Defects What happened? Why? What will you do to reduce probability that it will happen again? How do you know risk is reduced? Share your learning throughout organization Jt Comm J Qual Saf Feb 2006

28 Learning Invite all who touch process to attend Learn deeply from smaller number, rather than re-educate staff on a large number Learn at different levels System/hospital: one per quarter Department: one per quarter Nursing unit: one per month Share your learning throughout organization

29 Morning Briefing Step 5: Teamwork Tools Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2005;31(8):476-9 Learning from Defects Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2006;32(2):102-8 Am J Med Qual 2009;24(3): Team Check Up Tool Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2008;34: Shadowing Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2008;34:614-8 Daily Goals Pronovost, Berenholtz, Dorman. J Crit Care 2003

30 Conclusion Why checklists are needed What makes a good checklist Creating a culture that supports the use of checklists Questions??

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