REDUCING DRUNK DRIVING DEATHS

Transcription

1 REDUCING DRUNK DRIVING DEATHS in HAWAII COUNTY Progress and More Action Needed 2012

2 Vision: Hawaii County residents live in safe communities, and always travel safely on island roads. Photo courtesy of North Hawaii Outcomes Project

3 Goal: To reduce the number of traffic-related deaths and injuries in Hawaii County.

4 Alcohol misuse is now the leading risk factor for serious injury in the United States, and the third leading cause of preventable death. It accounts for more than 75,000 deaths annually. Source: Disclaimer - While text citations and data for the indicators were, to the best of the author s knowledge, current as the Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths in Hawaii County 2012 report was drafted, there may well have been subsequent data and developments, including recent legislative actions, that could alter the information provided herein. This report does not include statistical tests for significance and does not constitute medical advice. Individuals with health problems should consult an appropriate health care provider. This report does not constitute legal advice. Recommendations are the opinion of the author and not necessarily the opinion of the sponsors. For more information, visit Please notify us at (808) if you believe there are any possible data errors.

5 Table of Contents Summary... 1 The Problem Trail of Tears Drunk Driving National Recommendations Progress and More Action Needed Reduce Excessive Drinking and Underage Drinking Enforce DUI Laws Prosecute - Impose sanctions and treat DUI Offenders Control High BAC and Repeat Offenders Improve Traffic Safety Laws A Call to Action Appendixes Resources Young Driver Contract Hawaii Underage Drinking Law Return on Investment for Motorcycle Helmets Screening Tool for Problem Drinking Definitions and Abbreviations Hawaii Strategic Highway Safety Plan Recommendations Potential Performance Measures Acknowledgements... 33

6 ALIYAH BRADEN December May 2009 It needs to be made very clear, drunk driving is unacceptable. There are no excuses for accepting this level of mayhem and deaths for a civilized people. Wayne Braden

7 SUMMARY Too Many Innocent Victims Die from Drunk Driving Crashes Too many innocent victims die from drunk driving traffic crashes in Hawaii County. Drunk driving is responsible for more than half of the fatal crashes in Hawaii County. Drunk driving deaths and injuries are 100% preventable. Because so many people in Hawaii County have been affected by traffic deaths or serious injuries of family or friends, drunk driving has become a community issue. This has lead to strong island wide collaboration to: reduce drinking and driving, increase enforcement of DUI laws, improve DUI laws, improve roads, bike paths, and pedestrian walkways, and improve access to timely trauma care, by using evidence-based strategies. The traffic deaths in Hawaii County decreased between by 52%. Progress has been made. Unfortunately, traffic deaths in 2012 in Hawaii County have risen substantially to 32 as of 10/14/12, compared to a total of 23 deaths for all of More action is needed. Reducing drunk driving deaths is a shared responsibility of: Enforcement Emergency Medical Systems Engineering Government (State and County) Employers Restaurants, Bars, and Stores selling alcohol Media Community and Advocacy Schools, Coaches, Parent Teacher Associations, and Drivers Education Parents Families and Friends Protecting our families and friends from becoming innocent victims of drunk drivers will require additional actions by each group of stakeholders, including you and me. - Sharon H. Vitousek, M.D. Director, North Hawaii Outcomes Project NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 1

8 NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 2 THE PROBLEM - Trail of Tears

9 NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 3 North Kona South Kona Kau Puna South Hilo North Hilo Hamakua South Kohala North Kohala Source: Injury Prevention & Control Program For more information visit or call (808) Trail of Tears...on Hawaii Island Always Insist on a Sober Driver Legend (alcohol/drug impaired driving) impaired driving (189 crashes) 65% not tested/unknown (31 crashes) 11% no impairment (70 crashes) 24% Location of Impaired Driving Fatal Crashes

10 THE PROBLEM - Trail of Tears Too Many Innocent Victims These innocent victims and too many like them died from drunk driving crashes in Hawaii County. All of the victims are deeply missed by their families and friends, whose lives will never be the same. ANGELA APOSTADIRO November February 2010 ALIYAH BRADEN December May 2009 GARY BABA GONSALVES June January 2010 NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 4

11 THE PROBLEM - Trail of Tears High Traffic Death Rate in Hawaii County 30.0 Rate of Traffic-Related Fatalities The traffic death rate in Hawaii County between was approximately three times higher than the traffic death rate for the City and County of Honolulu. However, the traffic death rate in Hawaii County improved in the second half of the decade and in 2011 was about two times higher than the City and County of Honolulu Hawaii County ( reflects a -52% decrease) 22.5 State ( reflects a -34% decrease) City & County of Honolulu ( reflects a -29% decrease) City & County of Honolulu Hawaii County State Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project - August 2012 Traffic fatalities include; motor vehicle occupants, pedestrians, motorcyclists, moped operators, ATV operators, and bicyclists Source: Numerator from Department of Transportation Denominator-Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, April1, 2010 to July 1, 2011(CO-EST ) Release Date: April, 2012 Traffic Death Rate Decreased in Hawaii County The traffic death rate in Hawaii County improved 52%, between , which is more than in the other counties. Hawaii County improvement is related to collaborative island-wide efforts of many traffic stakeholders Rate of Traffic-Related Fatalities Rate Change: City & County of Honolulu: -29% Hawaii County: -52% Maui County: -31% Kauai County: State: 4% -34% City & County of Honolulu Hawaii County Maui County Kauai County Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project - July 2012 Traffic fatalities include; motor vehicle occupants, pedestrians, motorcyclists, moped operators, ATV operators, and bicyclists. Source: Numerator from Department of Transportation Denominator-Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, "CO-PEST2010-totals July 1, 2000 to July 1, 2011(CO-EST ) Release Date: September, 2011 NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 5

12 THE PROBLEM - Trail of Tears Too Many Deaths in Hawaii County The average number of annual traffic deaths in Hawaii County declined by 39% between 2000 to During the same time period, the average number of traffic deaths for the state declined by 24%. The annual number of Hawaii County traffic deaths decreased each year since 2004, however, the number is higher in Number of Traffic-Related Fatalities ( ) State ( ) reflects a - 24% decrease 88 City & County of Honolulu ( ) reflects a -22% decrease Hawaii County ( ) reflects a -39% decreae Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project - February 2012 Traffic fatalities include; motor vehicle occupants, pedestrians, motorcyclists, moped operators, ATV operators, and bicyclists Source: Department of Transportation Nearly 400 Traffic Deaths in Hawaii County from Although the number of traffic deaths from declined in Hawaii County, more than in the other counties, a total of 397 people died from traffic crashes on roads in Hawaii County roads, between Number of Fatalities Number of Traffic-Related Fatalities ( ) Change: C & C of Honolulu: -22% Hawaii County: -39% Maui County: -17% Kauai County: 20% State: -24% City and County of Honolulu Hawaii County State Maui County Kauai County Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project - July 2012 Traffic fatalities include; motor vehicle occupants, pedestrians, motorcyclists, moped operators, ATV operators, and bicyclists. Source: Department of Transportation NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 6

13 THE PROBLEM - Trail of Tears Traffic Deaths are Only the Tip of the Iceberg The injury pyramid below shows that for each death in Hawaii County there are many more injuries, hospitalizations and emergency room visits. Deaths and Injuries in Hawaii County Deaths One death every 12 days 493 People with non-fatal injuries requiring hospitalizations One new hospitalization every 4 days 2,169 Number of days in hospital from non-fatal injuries One person remaining in hospital every day 6,623 Number of injuries requiring treatment in Emergency Department 4 ER visits for injuries every day 8,259 Major traffic collisions 5 major traffic collisions every day??? People with injuries not reported and/or vehicle dam- Source: Data from Department of Health, Injury Prevention and Control Program, Dan Galanis, Ph.D. Display by North Hawaii Outcomes Project NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 7

14 Drunk Driving Drunk Driving is Responsible for Half of the Traffic Deaths in Hawaii County While more than half of fatal crashes in Hawaii County are related to impaired alcohol and/or drugs, half of the Hawaii County traffic deaths, 50%, involved drivers with a BAC of 0.08 or greater between For the same years, the state average was 38% and the national average was 32%, according to National Highway Traffic Safety Association and FARS data. 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Proportion of Alcohol-Impaired Driving (BAC=.08+) Fatalities ( ) 54% 37% 42% 29% 45% 39% Hawaii County Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project - September 2012 Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, FARS State 59% 48% 52% 37% Alcohol and /or drugs were associated with 60-95% of fatal crashes in Hawaii County from , according to Department of Health data. (Alcohol/Drug status from 2010 fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii County unfortunately was not available at time of print) % 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 59.5% 59.1% 47.1% Proportion of Fatal Crashes that were Alcohol-Related and/or Drug-Related( ) 35.6% 58.3% 95.0% 39.3% 27.6% 63.3% 64.3% 56.3% 56.5% 18.2% 77.8% 43.8% 34.0% Hawaii County City and County of Honolulu Maui County Kauai County Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project - June 2012 Source: Department of Health, Injury Prevention NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 8

15 Drunk Driving Drunk Driving is Responsible for More than Half of Fatal Traffic Crashes in Hawaii County Drunk Driving Deaths and Injuries are 100% Preventable Always Insist on a Sober Driver NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 9

16 NATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS National Cooperation Highway Research Program Recommendations Recommendations from Transportation Research Board NCHRP Report 500, Volume 16 Guide for: Reducing Alcohol Related Collisions 2005 Strategies 5.1 A Reduce Excessive Drinking and Underage Drinking 5.1 A1 Increase the State Excise Tax on Beer (T) 5.1 A2 Require Responsible Beverage Service Policies for Alcohol Servers and Retailers (P) 5.1 A3 Conduct Well-Publicized Compliance Checks of Alcohol Retailers to Reduce Sales to Underage Persons (T) 5.1 A4 Employ Screening and Brief Interventions in Health Care Settings (T) 5.1 B Enforce DWI Laws* 5.1 B1 Conduct Regular Well-Publicized DWI Checkpoints (P) 5.1 B2 Enhance DWI Detection Through Special DWI Patrols and Related Traffic Enforcement(T) 5.1 B3 Publicize and Enforce Zero Tolerance Laws for Drivers Under Age 21 (P) 5.1 C Prosecute, Impose Sanctions on, and Treat DWI Offenders 5.1 C1 Suspend Driver s License Administratively Upon Arrest (P) 5.1 C2 Establish Stronger Penalties for BAC Test Refusal Than for Test Failure (T) 5.1 C3 Eliminate Diversion Programs and Plea Bargains to Non-Alcohol Offenses (T) 5.1 C4 Screen All Convicted DWI Offenders for Alcohol Problems and Require Treatment When Appropriate (P) 5.1 D Control High-BAC and Repeat Offenders 5.1 D1 Seize Vehicles or Vehicle License Plates Administratively Upon Arrest (P) 5.1 D2 Require Ignition Interlocks as a Condition for License Reinstatement (P) 5.1 D3 Monitor All Convicted DWI Offenders Closely (P) 5.1 D4 Incarcerate Offenders (P) Note: (P) indicates that a strategy is proven effective. (T) indicates that a strategy has been tried extensively but is not yet proven effective. Further explanation of (T) and (P) appears in Section V. *This national source refers to DWI laws, however, in this report we use the term DUI. Source: NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 10

17 Progress And More Action Needed NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 11

18 ` PROGRESS and MORE ACTION NEEDED Progress in Hawaii County Progress reducing traffic deaths and injuries in Hawaii County from is shown by: The death rate decreased by 52%. The number of traffic deaths decreased by 39%. The number of major collisions decreased by 38%. These improvements were accomplished through collaboration, increased enforcement of DUI laws; increased testing of drivers involved in crashes; increased DUI training of police, prosecutors and judges; engineering interventions, community prevention efforts; improved trauma care, improved traffic safety laws, and improved data. However, traffic deaths in Hawaii County are higher in There is a substantial increase of motorcycle fatalities in Hawaii County for Hawaii County - Number of Major Collisions ,276 2,260 2,362 2,477 2,393 2,450 2, , ,530 1,442 1,400 1, Source: Hawaii County Police Department Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project - September 2012 *As of NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 12

19 Reduce Excessive Drinking and Underage Drinking Background Many persons arrested for DWI have some level of problem controlling their drinking. Alcohol screening to identify individuals with alcohol problems followed when appropriate by brief, single-session interventions by health care professionals to encourage changes in drinking behavior has proved to be effective for persons who are not seriously dependent on alcohol. Those who are dependent often require treatment. Source: NCHRP Progress All three Acute Hospitals are working to prevent Drunk Driving as well as improve trauma care, with support of the Department of Health, to become Level III Trauma Centers. Hilo Medical Center partnered with the Prosecutor s Office and Waiakea High School through a Shattered Dreams Project April Kona Community Hospital partnered with the Prosecutor s Office, and Kealakehe High School to do a Shattered Dreams Project in 2011 and has plans to implement an alcohol screening program. North Hawaii Community Hospital implemented a drunk driving prevention program for all 440 graduating high school seniors in North Hawaii prior to 2012 graduation. Additional efforts to prevent underage drinking in Hawaii County are being conducted by the Hawaii County Police, Hawaii County Prosecutor s, Hawaii County Underage Drinking Prevention Initiative and Hawaii Strategic Prevention Framework-State Incentive Grant (SPF-SIG) MADD, and the North Hawaii Drug Free Coalition. More Action Needed Increase the state excise tax on beer. Require responsible beverage service policies for alcohol servers and retailers. Increase publicity of compliance checks of alcohol retailers to reduce sales to underage persons. Employ screening and brief interventions in health care settings. Collaborate to help parents, teachers, coaches and alcohol retailers understand their role in preventing underage drinking and driving. NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 13

20 Enforce DUI Laws Hawaii County Police Increased DUI Arrests Progress The annual number of DUI arrests in Hawaii County increased by 33% between Clearly there has been substantial increased enforcement of DUI laws in Hawaii County. 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, Hawaii County - Annual DUI Arrests 1,513 1,410 1,397 1,395 1,293 1,076 1,086 1,069 1,435 1, Source: Hawaii County Police Department Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project - September 2012 *As of The number of DUI arrests for drivers under 21 years of age in Hawaii County decreased by 33% between Why adult arrests increased and under age arrests decreased is not clear. Number of Arrests Hawaii County - DUI Arrests Under 21 Years of Age Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project - October 2012 Source: Hawaii County Police Department *As of Hawaii County police have taken an active role in increasing high visibility enforcement to prevent drinking and driving. High visibility enforcement of DUI laws is an evidence-based strategy which has a documented return on investment of $144 according to the Center for Disease Control (Source: NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 14

21 Enforce DUI Laws More DUI Arrests per Police Officers Hawaii County - DUI Arrests per Sworn Active Police Officers ( ) The average number of DUI arrests per active sworn police officer increased by 57% from Hawaii Statute 291 E-21 requires alcohol testing of drivers involved in crashes with injuries. The proportion of crashes which are tested for alcohol and/or drugs is difficult to measure. However, in Hawaii County over the past decade an increasing proportion of DUI arrests are of drivers involved in traffic collisions, which suggests increased testing of drivers involved in collisions. Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project - August 2012 Source: Hawaii State Data Book % 15% Proportion of DUI arrests of drivers involved in a traffic collision 10% 25% 25% 21% 26% 21% 21% 25% More Action Needed: Publicize and enforce zero tolerance laws for drivers under age 21. Further increase mandatory testing of injury causing crashes. Enforce current motorcycle/moped laws requiring license for all riders and helmets for those under 18. Enforce and track Hawaii County law authorizing towing and immobilization, Aliyah s Law. Track progress Chart: North Hawaii Outcomes Project - September 2012 Source: Hawaii County Police Department As of NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 15

22 Prosecute, Impose Sanctions and Treat DUI Offenders Background DUI laws and enforcement are empty threats without effective prosecution, adjudication, and punishment for offenders. The consequences should be swift, certain, and appropriately severe. Swiftness and certainty are more important than severity. The strategies within this objective will help states increase the swiftness and certainty of DUI offender punishment. In addition, because many drinking drivers have an uncontrolled problem with drinking, it is important to identify those individuals and to ensure that they complete treatment for the problem before they are allowed to regain unrestricted driving privileges. Source: NCHRP Progress Suspend Driver s License Administratively Upon Arrest. Hawaii does suspend driver s licenses administratively upon arrest through the Administrative Driver s License Revocation Office (ADLRO) program at state.hi.us/courts/administrative/adlro_links.html Hawaii County prosecutor s office is working collaboratively with the (ADLRO) to increase effectiveness of administrative suspensions. Establish Stronger Penalties for BAC Test Refusal Than for Test Failure. Hawaii has met this recommendation for years, with administrative penalties that are generally about twice the severity of the penalties for the person who takes the test and fails. Right now, with ignition interlock, a first offender who takes and fails the test, will get a one year license revocation (but can also install an interlock device if he or she is eligible) whereas the person who refuses gets a two year revocation of license and can also install interlock. The penalties for offenders who refuse continue to be twice that for the offenders who take the test and fail. Eliminate Diversion Programs and Plea Bargains to Non-Alcohol Offenses. This has not yet been implemented in Hawaii, however there is currently an effort to train both courts and police in state-of-the-art DUI judicial processes and to develop DUI courts. Screen All Convicted DWI Offenders for Alcohol Problems and Require Treatment When Appropriate. Hawaii does have a mandated alcohol assessment and treatment program. However data on what proportion of offenders are screened and treated, in what time frame and with what outcomes was not readily available. More Action Needed Review data on ADLRO effectiveness, diversion programs and on court mandated alcohol screening and treatment effectiveness. Implement DUI courts (SHSP recommendation). Photo courtesy of Hawaii County Police NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 16

23 Control High BAC and Repeat Offenders Background Some individuals drive repeatedly while impaired by alcohol in spite of the threat of being arrested and punished. Many of them have been convicted of DWI [DUI] more than once; many have a very high BAC at their first arrest. The strategies within this objective provide methods to control their drinking and driving behavior. Many persons whose driver s license has been suspended or revoked continue to drive. The next step to stop their driving is to apply measures to their vehicles by taking the license plate or by immobilizing or impounding the vehicle. These procedures are generally quite effective when applied, but courts rarely use them. They are more effective when applied administratively by the motor vehicle licensing agency. Source: NCHRP Photo courtesy Braden Family Progress Seize Vehicles or Vehicle License Plates Administratively Upon Arrest. Hawaii County did pass Aliyah s Law, authorizing police to tow and immobilize vehicles driven by convicted DUI offenders who continue to drive with a suspended license. Implementation has not yet begun. Hawaii State failed to pass the proposed immobilization laws in 2012, however an immobilization task force has been appointed to recommend this type of legislation. Require Ignition Interlocks as a Condition for License Reinstatement Hawaii has made progress by implementing Ignition Interlock through Acts 171, 88, 166, and 327. Approximately 1,045 interlocks devices were installed statewide and 168 devices in Hawaii County since as of July Monitor All Convicted DUI Offenders Closely Currently Hawaii does not have probation for convicted DUI offenders. A DUI court task force has been appointed. More Action Needed More action is needed at the state level to seize vehicles or license plates when appropriate, and monitor convicted DUI offenders more closely. Barriers to both includes lack of resources and Hawaii does not currently have probation for convicted DUI offenders. Data from ignition interlock violations could provide an opportunity to monitor convicted offenders more closely. Track arrests under Aliyah s Law in Hawaii County. NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 17

24 Improve Traffic Safety Laws Progress 1997 Act 101 mandates health care providers to report to police the results of a blood alcohol level greater than the legal limit, if they have reasonable belief that the person may have been a driver in a motor vehicle collision causing injury. Bills endorsed by Hawaii County Crash Reduction Group and signed into law: 2003 Act 069 establishes Social Host Liability Law created as a civil liability for adults serving or providing alcohol to persons under the age of 21, resulting in death or injury to a third party Act 72 establishes Graduated Drivers Licensing Program for drivers under 18 years of age Act 202 prohibits the Consumption of Liquor by Minors. Act 203 Use and Lose requires judges to impose a 180 day drivers license suspension for minors under 21 when the person has violated laws related to underage drinking Act 175 requires Child Safety Seat or Booster Seat usage for children over four years, but less than eight years old. Act 201 increases sanctions for driving with a High Blood Alcohol level > to Act 129 establishes the offense of Excessive Speeding and increases the penalty for this violation. Act 63 mandates Safety Helmet use for Moped drivers under the age of 18 years. Act 64 helps to streamline the process for a DUI arrest Act 171 establishes task force for Ignition Interlock Act 88 establishes Ignition Interlock improvements. Act 46 mandates drivers of commercial vehicles are legally drunk when their blood alcohol level is 0.04% or greater Act 166 enacts implementation recommendations of the Ignition Interlock Task Force Act 318 Move Over Law requires motorists to move over for an emergency vehicle. Act 327 Ignition Interlock improvements. NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 18

25 Improve Traffic Safety Laws More Action Needed Additional traffic safety laws are still needed as recommended by the Strategic Highway Safety Plan and Motor Vehicle Crash Reduction Group: Pass state law to seize vehicles or vehicle license plates administratively (Vehicle Immobilizations) for repeat DUI offenders. Pass state law to mandate motorcycle helmets (See Return on Investment for Motorcycle Helmet Use on page 28). Authorize funding for DUI courts in Hawaii County. NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 19

26 A CALL TO ACTION Reducing Deaths and Injuries from Drunk Driving is a Shared Responsibility of: Enforcement Emergency Medical Systems Engineering Government (State and County) Employers Restaurants, Bars, and Stores selling alcohol Media Community and Advocacy Schools, Coaches, Parent Teacher Associations, and Drivers Education Parents Families and Friends Photos courtesy of Hawaii County MADD NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 20

27 A CALL TO ACTION Progress has Been Made and More Action Needed Enforcement (Police) Can increase high visibility enforcement of all DUI laws. Can increase focus on high visibility enforcement of zero tolerance laws for drivers under 21. Enforcement (Criminal Courts) Can increase conviction rates and decrease processing time by improving processing of DUI offenders, especially repeat offenders. Can assess and improve effective links to alcohol assessment and treatment programs. Can implement DUI courts. Collaborative Effort -Sign Waving March 15, 2010 Enforcement (ADLRO - Civil Courts) Can collaborate with police and prosecutors to decrease rescission (dismissal) rates. Engineering (DOT& County DPW) Can collaborate to improve access to timely, accurate crash location data to guide allocation of resources by engineering as well as enforcement. Can implement engineering improvements including center line rumble strips, milled rumble strips and SafetyEdge, etc. Can track impact of engineering improvements on high crash locations. Emergency Medical Systems Can strengthen appropriate medical and legal testing for possible drivers suspected of OVUII. Emergency Rooms can implement screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment for trauma patients with risky alcohol or drug use in the Emergency Room. See samhsa.gov/about.htm, or Medical Systems Chemical Dependency Programs - can collaborate with enforcement to reduce wait times for OVUII offenders to obtain assessments and treatment, and to decrease recidivism rates. Primary Care Providers - can improve identification and treatment of patients with alcohol and /or drug problems, as well as co-occurring illnesses such as depression. Government (State) Can pass legislation mandating universal motorcycle/moped helmets. Can pass legislation to control high BAC and repeat offenders through vehicle sanctions. Can authorize and fund DUI court pilot in Hawaii County. Government (County) Can track implementation of Count ordinances for traffic safety including the cell phone prohibition and vehicle sanctions-aliyah s law. NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 21

28 A CALL TO ACTION Progress Has Been Made and More is Needed Employers Can review the Guide for Employers to Reduce Motor Vehicle Crashes drinking and driving policies. See Restaurants, Bars, Stores Selling Liquor (Alcohol) Can implement increased server training for alcohol servers. See Training for Intervention Procedures (TIPS) at and Servers and Managers Alcohol Responsibility Training (S.M.A.R.T.). Media Can highlight the impact of alcohol-related deaths and injuries, the efforts to reduce drunk driving deaths and the resources to help. Can increase awareness of high visibility police enforcement of DUI laws. Schools, Coaches and Parent Teacher Associations Can set clear expectations for adults working with students to follow all traffic safety laws. Can develop clear policies regarding student alcohol use. See gov/media/guidetoactionforeducators.pdf Can help students and parents understand the risks of drinking and driving, as well as, the DUI laws, especially social host liability laws and Use and Lose Laws. See Underage Drinking report Can distribute the Young Driver Contract to students and parents. Can share the Shattered Dreams DVD s done by Waiakea and Kealakehe High School with parents and students by calling the Prosecutor s Office, Mitch Roth at (808) Can encourage students to participate with existing efforts to reduce drunk driving by calling MADD Hawaii County at (808) or the Impaired Driving Taskforce, Dieter Blatter at (808) or NHOP at (808) Can work with driver education teachers to distribute the Young Driver Contract. Can review evidence-based curriculums to prevent drinking and driving. See toosmarttostart.samhsa.gov/start.aspx and/or Parents Can understand and follow traffic safety laws especially, graduated licensing, social host liability laws, and Use and Lose Laws. Can communicate clear prevention messages to their children. See Power of Parents at Can require their teenage children to sign the Young Driver Contract, see page Families and Friends Can Always Insist on a Sober Driver. Can encourage family and friends who drink, to take a survey to assess, how much is too much. See screening tool at NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 22

29 A CALL TO ACTION What You Can Do Now Always insist on a sober driver. Help your family and friends to always insist on a sober driver. Support improved traffic safety laws to: Mandate motorcycle/moped helmets Seize vehicle or license plates administratively for repeat DUI offenders. Authorize and fund DUI courts in Hawaii County. Learn more: Understand your role in reducing drunk driving deaths (see pages 21-22). See additional resources in Appendices page See Join others: Hawaii County Impaired Driving Task Force Coordinator Dieter H. Blattler (808) Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), Hawaii County office at (808) or visit or call State office (808) Hawaii State Strategic Highway Safety Plan, Impaired Driving Emphasis Area Chair, Arkie Koehl (808) Underage Drinking Prevention - Hawaii County Office of the Mayor (808) Photo courtesy of Hawaii County MADD NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 23

30 APPENDIX - Resources Hawaii County State National Hawaii County Police North Hawaii Outcomes Project Traffic Safety - Hawaii Strategic Highway Safety Plan MADD - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials / Strategic Highway Safety Plan Implementation Guides for National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Motor Vehicle Safety - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Alcohol Screening - County Health Rankings & Roadmaps - What Works for Health, Alcohol - Governor s Highway Safety Association - Countermeasures That Work - Mothers Against Drunk Driving - National Center for DWI Courts - National Highway Traffic Safety Association - Community-Based Driving-Impaired Programs National Institute of Health - Alcohol Policy Information System - Students Against Destructive Decisions - The Guide to Community Preventive Services - Motor Vehicle Related Injury Prevention - The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration - Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment Resources - International Halving Roadway Fatalities: A Case Study from Victoria, Australia NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 24

31 TO SUPPORT OUR COMMON GOAL TO BE SAFE DRIVERS We, (Names of Parents or Guardian) agree to the following conditions: APPENDIX -Young Driver Contract and (Name of Young Driver) 1. Young Driver Responsibilities Initial all that apply: I will not let anyone else drive or use the vehicle entrusted to me. I will not break driving laws. Any violations may result in a loss of vehicle privileges. I will not consume drugs or alcohol in the vehicle or operate any vehicle under the influence of alcohol or illicit drugs. Any violation will result in the loss of vehicle privileges. Everyone in the vehicle must wear a seat belt and keep it fastened at all times. I will state my destination and time of return prior to using any vehicle. I will notify my parents if I think I will be more than 30 minutes late. I will drive in a manner not to endanger my life, the lives of my passengers, or anyone else on the road. 2. Cost and Maintenance of Vehicle will be responsible for the following: (Name of Young Driver) Indicate dollar amount or percentage of cost: Cost of vehicle Cost of fuel Damage to the vehicle Insurance costs Vehicle registration Maintenance costs Fines and penalties Other Check all that apply: Checking the fluids regularly Inspecting tires and checking air pressure Reporting unusual performance Keeping the interior and exterior clean Other Do normal maintenance Clear or clean all windows Report or re-fuel when gas tank is less than ¼ full 3. Driving Privileges This portion of the contract may be used to outline any additional conditions or limits on the use of the vehicle as agreed to by teens and parents: NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 25

32 APPENDIX - Young Driver Contract 4. Parental Responsibilities Initial all that apply: I will listen in a respectful manner to explanations or concerns expressed by my young driver regarding the operation of a vehicle or the terms of the contract. I will provide respectful feedback when accompanying my young driver in a motor vehicle. I will serve as a good role model when operating a vehicle and teach good driving skills and habits to my young driver. 5. Operator Impairment as a Result of Alcohol and Illicit Drugs A. Young Driver s Responsibility. I will not get into the vehicle of a driver who has been drinking or using illicit drugs. I will seek alternative transportation or I will call you for advice and/or transportation at any hour from any place. (Initial, Parent or Guardian) (Initial, Young Driver) B. Parent or Guardian s Responsibility. I (We) agree to come and get you at any hours, from any place, with no questions asked and no argument at that time, or I (we) will pay for a taxi to bring you home safely. I (we) expect that a discussion of such an incident would follow at a later time. Likewise, I (We) as you parent or guardian, agree to seek safe, sober transportation. I (we) will not drive if I (we) have been drinking, nor will I (we) ride with a friend who has been drinking. (Initial, Parent or Guardian) (Initial, Young Driver) Legal Penalties Under current Hawaii law, all new drivers under 18 years of age operate first with an instructional permit followed by a provisional license, before they are eligible for a full license. Moving violation such as speeding, failure to obey traffic lights or stop signs, and other reckless driving offenses will result in the loss of the provisional license as follows: First offense Second offense Loss of license for 6 months Loss of license for one year Drivers under 21 years of age who operate a vehicle after consuming a measurable amount of alcohol (0.02) are subject to the following penalties: First offense Second and subsequent offenses Loss of license for 6 months Loss of license for one year 6. Liabilities All drivers are legally responsible for their own actions as a driver and vehicle owners may be legally liable for damages caused by any person operating the owner s vehicle. Parents and young drivers should understand that insurance coverage and rates may be affected by any damages that result from the inappropriate use of the owner s vehicle. We agree to the terms of this contract, which may be revisited or revised at a later time. Signature of Parent or Guardian Signature of Parent or Guardian Signature of Young Driver Date NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 26

33 APPENDIX - Hawaii Underage Drinking Laws Hawaii Social Host Liability Law Hawaii s Social Host Liability Law holds adults financially liable for hosting underage drinking on property they own, lease, or otherwise control. The Hawaii Social Host Liability Law establishes criminal penalties of up to one year in jail, fines of up to $1,000 or both for persons who furnish alcoholic beverages to anyone younger than age 21 (The previous law only prohibited adults form buying alcohol for minors). Under the new law, passed in 2003, adults who knowingly provide liquor to someone younger than age 21 or have knowledge of underage drinking on their property and could have prevented it can be held financially responsible for any third party injury that may occur from their provision. Use and Lose Law for Under 21 The law states that any person under the age of 21 found to have consumed, possessed, or purchased alcohol shall have his/her driver s license, provisional license, or instruction permit suspended for a period of 180 days. The law applies also to the situations where youth falsify identification or use false identification to buy or attempt to buy alcohol. Under this law offenders are required to perform 75 hours of community service and undergo 8-12 hours of alcohol education and counseling at the offender s or their parents expense. NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 27

34 APPENDIX - Return on Investment for Motorcycle Helmets Motorcycle Helmets Save Lives and Money Despite the overwhelming evidence, some motorcyclists refuse to wear helmets and oppose helmet use laws. Their argument is that helmet laws represent government interference and these laws thwart an individual s freedom to take risks and to gamble against death and permanent injury. Unfortunately, the families of the injured, as well as society as a whole must bear the tremendous economic, psychological, and social costs involved in deaths and injuries to un-helmeted cyclists. In November 2002, NHTSA reported that 25 studies of the costs of injuries from motorcycle crashes consistently found that helmet use reduced the fatality rate, probability and severity of head injuries, cost of medical treatment, length of hospital stay, necessity for special medical treatments, and probability of long-term disability. Hospitalization costs are higher for motorcycle crash victims who don t wear helmets, compared to those who do. Numerous studies have compared hospital costs for helmeted and un-helmeted motorcyclists involved in traffic crashes. These studies revealed that un-helmeted riders involved in crashes are more likely to have higher hospital costs than helmeted riders involved in similar crashes and less likely to have health insurance. Only slightly more than half of motorcycle crash victims have private health insurance coverage. For patients without private insurance, a majority of medical costs are paid by the government. [Ultimately, paid by state tax players.] NHTSA estimates that more than $7.5 billion was saved from 1984 through 1995 because of the use of helmets. An additional $6.8 billion would have been saved if all motorcyclists had worn helmets. Helmet use laws, like safety belt use and many other traffic safety laws, make good sense for motorcyclists. Source: orcycle-helmets-for-all-riders NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 28

35 APPENDIX - Screening Tool for Problem Drinking How Much is Too Much? SCREENING FOR ALCOHOL PROBLEMS IN THE ED NIAAA QUANTITY AND FREQUENCY QUESTIONS On average, how many days per week do you drink alcohol? On a typical day when you drink, how many drinks do you have? What is the maximum number of drinks you had on any given occasion during the last month? CAGE (IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS) Have you ever felt you should Cut down on your drinking? Have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking? Have you ever felt bad of Guilty about your drinking? Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or get rid of a hangover (Eye Opener)? SCREEN IS POSITIVE IF: A positive response on 1 or more questions from CAGE and/or consumption: Men > 14 drinks/week or > 4 drinks/occasion Women > 7 drinks/week or > 3 drinks/occasion Over 65 years old > 7 drinks/week or > 3 drinks/occasion THEN ASSESS FOR: Medical problems: blackouts, depression, hypertension, injury abdominal pain, liver dysfunction, sleep disorders Laboratory: Liver function tests, macrocytic anemia Behavioral problems Alcohol dependence INTERVENE: If at-risk/harmful drinker: Advise patient of risk. Set drinking goals. Provide referral to primary care. If alcohol dependent drinker: Assess acute risk of intoxication/withdrawal Negotiate referral (i.e. detoxification, AA and primary care). Reference: The Physician s Guide to Helping Parents with Alcohol Problems. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. NIH Publication No and the ASAM reference These same screening tools can also be used by families and friends to identify people who may have a problem with drinking. A confidential online screening tool is available at For advice and resources on how to help friends with their drug and alcohol use see NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 29

36 APPENDIX - Definitions TRAFFIC-RELATED FATALITY - traffic-related fatalities include: motor vehicle occupants, pedestrians, motorcyclists, moped operators, ATV operators and bicyclists. ALCOHOL-RELATED FATALITY is a death that occurs in a crash involving at least one driver, pedestrian, or pedal cyclist with a BAC of 0.01 or above (National Highway Traffic Safety Association, Traffic Safety Facts, August 2007). ALCOHOL IMPAIRED FATALITY - is a death with a BAC of 0.08 or above (National Highway Traffic Safety Association). BAC - alcohol content in the body, originally measured using alcohol in blood (BAC stood for Blood Alcohol Content, expressed in milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood), now typically measured using alcohol in breath (NHTSA, 2012). DUI-RELATED FATALITY is a death that occurs in a crash involving at least one driver or motorcycle operator who was legally intoxicated (BAC=0.08+ (National Highway Traffic Safety Association, Traffic Safety Facts, August 2007). ALCOHOL-RELATED TRAFFIC CRASHES - are defined by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to include any and all vehicular (including bicycle and motorcycle) accidents in which any alcohol has been consumed, or believed to have been consumed, by the driver, a passenger or a pedestrian associated with the accident (alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States (September 24, 2007). APPENDIX - Abbreviations ADLRO - Administrative Driver s License Revocation Office BAC - Blood Alcohol Content DUI - Driving under the Influence DWI - Driving While Impaired, Driving While Intoxicated, and/or Driving Under the Influence SHSP - Strategic Highway Safety Plan IID - Ignition Interlock Device NCHRP - National Cooperative Highway Research Program OVUII - Operating a Vehicle Under the Influence of an Intoxicant DWS / DWR - Driving while License Suspended or Revoked NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 30

37 APPENDIX - SHSP Recommendations Hawaii State Strategic Highway Safety Plan Recommendations for: Combating Impaired Driving Utilize ignition interlocks to prevent drinking and driving by DUI offenders. Continue high-visibility sobriety checkpoints and media campaign. Urge police departments to adopt a mandatory blood draw policy for serious vehicular crashes. Provide specialized training for police, prosecutors and judiciary to keep up with latest trends and legal issues. Set up special courts within the Judiciary to provide a systematic and coordinated approach to prosecuting, sentencing, monitoring and treating DUI offenders. Develop a Statewide DUI Task Force to increase focus on alcohol and drug strategies that include implementation and evaluation phases. Task Force sub-committee can be setup to track legislation, education, enforcement, technology and treatment issues. For full report see Reducing Motorcycle Deaths and Injuries Pass state law to mandate motorcycle helmets. Increase drunk driving prevention efforts. Increase awareness of current motorcycle/moped laws requiring license/ endorsement and, helmets for moped riders under 18. Increase enforcement of current motorcycle/moped laws. Develop public information programs to encourage sharing of the road and how to drive safely around motorcycles and mopeds. Improve data for motorcycle-specific crashes in order to identify key areas for prioritizing resources. Improving Data and Safety Management Systems Improve traffic safety data to be more timely, accessible, integrated, accurate, complete and usable by traffic safety stakeholders. NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 31

38 APPENDIX - Potential Performance Measures ENFORCEMENT: Police Enforce DUI / OVUII laws Publicize and enforce zero tolerance laws for under 21 Control high BAC and repeat offenders Conduct regular well-publicized DUI checkpoints Increase appropriate alcohol & drug testing of crashes involving injuries Increase Drug Recognition Evaluation (DRE) Staffing Implement vehicle sanctions for repeat offenders and driving with license revoked Conduct well-publicized compliance checks of alcohol retailers to reduce sales to underage persons Increase alcohol server training Increase penalties for motorcycle unlicensed, speeding, or impaired drivers ENFORCEMENT: Courts (Civil) Suspend driver's license administratively upon arrest Require ignition Interlock for license reinstatement ENFORCEMENT: Courts (Criminal) Prosecute, Impose sanctions on and treat DWI offenders Reduce processing time for DUI arrests Control high BAC and repeat offenders Screen all convicted DUI offenders for alcohol problems and require treatment where appropriate EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES Support police departments to adopt mandatory blood draw for injury causing crashes Employ screening and brief interventions in Health care settings ENGINEERING Data Source Police Liquor Control / Judiciary ADLRO Prosecutors Judiciary ER Performance Measures (per calendar year) of DUI /OVUII arrests (total for county & by district, if possible) of DUI arrests with prior arrest in past 10 years of arrests for OVUII - drugs of DUI arrests (<21 years old) of "use & lose" citations of "social host" citations of arrests for driving while license is suspended or revoked of sobriety check points per year of arrests from sobriety checks of sobriety check points which had media coverage of police ordered tests for alcohol: breath tests and blood tests of police ordered tests for drugs: urine tests and blood tests of current officers with DRE training as of December of police officers who received DRE training during year of vehicle sanctions for repeat offenders of vehicle sanctions for driving with license revoked of compliance checks of citations from compliance checks and type of citations/sanctions on liquor outlets of server trainings of liquor outlets which participated in training of citations for inadequate motorcycle license of citations for motorcyle speeding of administrative driver license revocations of rescissions (dismissals) of ignition interlock permits issued. of DUI cases prosecuted of DUI dismissals ( not served) of DUI convictions / arrest (conviction rate) of days for average DUI process (from arrest to disposition of case) of cases meeting 90 day goal Implement: 1) DUI court 2) Separate tracking of repeat offenders of DUI referrals for alcohol/ drug assessment of cases screened within 30 days of referral of treatment referrals for which treatment completed within 30 days of legal blood draws per year for alcohol & for drugs by ER of medical draws for alcohol and/or drugs by ER of requests to police for legal draws by ER of ER's using alcohol screening and brief intervention tool Pursue on a priority basis, projects identified in the Hawaii Safety Improvement Program with known histories of crashes Interventions based on timely, accurate crash location data DATA & SYSTEMS Improve traffic safety data to be more timely, accessible, integrated, complete and usable DOT/ County DPW NHTSA of high crash locations which had analysis and number with a plan developed of high crash locations with engineering improvements implemented [NHTSA review?] Legend: = NCHRP Recommendation = SHSP Recommendation = MVCRG Recommendation NHOP - Reducing Drunk Driving Deaths 32